Động từ khuyết thiếu

Modal Verbs – Động từ khuyết thiếu (+ V1) 1) CÁCH DÙNG 1: “MODAL VERBS + V1” CAN COULD CÔNG DỤNG / nghĩa Năng lực Xin/cho phép Yêu cầu, đề nghị Năng lực khứ Gợi ý Điều kiện 2,3 Yêu cầu, đề nghị Xin/cho phép WILL WON’T WOULD Sẽ chắn xảy ra, hứa, đoán “I think,…” Thói quen : “thường, sẽ” Yêu cầu Đề nghị Đều kiện “Không chịu, không” (hiện tại) Qúa khứ WILL Mời : “Would you like… Thói quen khứ : “thường, sẽ” Yêu cầu Đều kiện 2, WOULDN’T “Không chịu” (quá khứ) MAY Xin, cho phép Đều kiện VÍ DỤ I can ride a bike Can I go out? Can you help me? I could ride a bike when I was You could ask him for help Could you say it again? Could I speak to John, please? I’ll be old one day When she is angry, she will go out for fresh air Will you wait for me? I will help you QUÁ KHỨ (NẾU CÓ) COULD WOULD WOULD However hard you try to WOULDN’T convince her, she won’t change her mind (Cho dù bạn cố gắng thuyết phục cô nào, cô không chịu đổi ý định đâu) He said he would come Would you like to come? When Would you tell me the time, please? When she was angry, she would go out for fresh air.(khi giận, cô thường hít thở) May I go out? MIGHT MIGHT SHALL SHOULD MUST = HAVE TO Quá khứ MAY “Sẽ” = will “có thể” : đề nghị Đều kiện “nên”: khuyên = BE SUPPOSED TO, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER Qúa khứ “shall” Mời: “Should you like… “phải”: = BE SUPPOSED TO, OUGHT TO, HAVE GOT TO “cần phải” = NEED MUSTN’T “không phép” NEED NEEDN’T = DON’T HAVE TO DARE / DAREN’T “cần” OUGHT TO (OUGHTN’ T TO) “nên, phải” = SHOULD, BE SUPPOSED TO, MUST 2) “dám / không dám” He said it might rain SHOULD Shall we go shopping now? You should mind your words (Bạn nên cẩn thận lời nói) He said it should rain Should you like to come? I must go home now HAD TO I need go home now (Chú ý: “need to” động từ thường) You mustn’t use mobile phone in class I need go home now You needn’t hurry (Bạn không cần vội) I daren’t ask him Dare you? Bạn dám không? I ought to see him CÁCH DÙNG 2: SUY ĐOÁN KHUYÊN Ở HIỆN TẠI Ở QUÁ KHỨ PHỦ ĐỊNH Must V1 : Can’t V1: Must have V3,ed: Can’t have V3/ed: May have V3,ed: Could have V3,ed: Would have V3,ed: Might have V3/ed: Should have V3/ed: nên, lẽ nên Ought to have V3/ed: nên, lẽ nên Can’t… May V1 : Could V1 : Would V1: Might V1: Should V1 : nên Ought to V1: nên May not… Couldn’t… Wouldn’t… Mightn’t… Shouldn’t… Oughtn’t to… Be supposed to V1: nên SỰ CẦN THIẾT Need V1: cần Needn’t V1: không cần Be supposed to have V3/ed: Be not supposed nên, lẽ nên to… Need have V3/ed: cần phải Needn’t… Needn’t have V3/ed: không cần phải EXERCISE 1: Complete the following sentences with “could / should / shouldn’t / must + have + V3” or “should / must + V1” Susan failed her Economics 201 last term She very upset (be) This computer isn’t fast enough I know I………….a better one, but I didn’t have enough money when I bought this last month (buy) Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You………with Barbara (stay) Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he’s all right He’s lucky he……… himself badly.(hurt) The situation was bad but it………worse (be) You have been traveling all day You ………tired (be) I’ve lost one of my gloves I …………it somewhere (drop) Carol …………very bored in her job She does the same thing everyday.(get) Jane walked past me without speaking She…………me (see) 10 The phone rang but I didn’t hear it I ……………asleep (be) 11 I haven’t seen the people next door for ages They…………….(go away) 12 That restaurant……………very good It’s always full [full]of people ( be) 13 That restaurant …………very good It’s always empty (be) 14 It rained every day during their holiday, so they………………a very nice time (have) 15 Congratulations on passing your exam You………………very pleased (be) 16 Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they………………short of money ( be) 17 Ted isn’t at work today He………………ill ( be) 18 Ted wasn’t at work last week He………………ill( be ) 19 Carol knows a lot about films She………………to the cinema a lot (go) 20 It was a great party last night You ………………Why didn’t you? (come) 21 I’m feeling sick I………………so much chocolate ( eat) 22 You look tired You ………………to bed now (go) 23 You went to bed very late last night You………………to bed earlier.(go) 24 I wonder why they are so late They………………here an hour ago.( be) 25 I’m sorry I didn’t take your advice I ………………what you said (do) 26 She was too far away, so she ……………… you.( not /see) 27 Don passed the exam without studying for it The exam ………………very difficult ( be) 28 She knew everything about our plans She………………to our conversation (listen) 29 The lights were red but the car didn’t stop The driver………………the red light ( see) 30 The trip was canceled last week Paul ……….anyway because he was ill (go) EXERCISE 2:Choose the best answer: You out last night I called several times but nobody answered the phone a must be b must have been c could have been d should have been Micheal’s score on the test is the highest in the class; last night a he must have studied hard b he should have studied hard c he must study hard d he must had to study hard Look! The yard is wet It last night a must rain b couldn’t have rained c must have rained d should have rained We you more help, but we were too busy a might have given b might give c should give d could give You your pass at the entrance unless you are asked to so a mustn’t show b needn’t show c haven’t to show d B &C My supervisor is angry with me I didn’t all the work I .last week a must have done b may have done c should have done d need to have done You smoke in here It’s against the rules a shouldn’t b mightn’t c mustn’t d needn’t He to the doctor after the accident, but he continued to play instead a must have gone b should have gone c couldn’t go d didn’t have to go The kitchen dirty because she has just cleaned it a should be b can’t be c mustn’t be d may be 10 Tim looks so frightened and upset He something terrible a must experience b can have experienced c.should have experienced d must have experienced ... rain Should you like to come? I must go home now HAD TO I need go home now (Chú ý: “need to” động từ thường) You mustn’t use mobile phone in class I need go home now You needn’t hurry (Bạn không