Ôn Tập Thi Vào Lớp 10

Ôn Tập Tiếng Anh Toàn Diện I Một số mẫu câu thường gặp Cấu trúc câu mang nghĩa bao hàm – Đó lối nói gộp hai ý câu làm thông qua số cụm từ Hai thành phần câu phải tương đương mặt từ loại: danh từ với danh từ, tính từ với tính từ, 1.1 Not only but also (không mà ) S + verb + not only + noun/adj/adv + but also + noun/adj/adv Hoặc: S + not only verb + but also + verb Robert is not only talented but also handsome He writes not only correctly but also neatly She can play not only the guitar but also the violin She not only plays the piano but also composes music Thành phần sau 'but also' thường định thành phần sau 'not only' Incorrect: He is not only famous in Italy but also in Switzerland Correct: He is famous not only in Italy but also in Switzerland 1.2 As well as (vừa vừa ) – Cũng giống cấu trúc trên, thành phần đằng trước đằng sau cụm từ phải tương đương với S + verb + noun/adj/adv + as well as + noun/adj/adv Hoặc: S + verb + as well as + verb Ví dụ: Robert is talented as well as handsome He writes correctly as well as neatly She plays the guitar as well as the violin Paul plays the piano as well as composes music Chú ý: Không nhầm thành ngữ với as well as tượng đồng chủ ngữ mang nghĩa với The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert My cousins, as well as Tim, have a test tomorrow 1.3 Both and (vừa vừa) – Công thức dùng giống hệt not only but also Both dùng với and, không dùng với as well as Robert is both talented and handsome Paul both plays the piano and composes music Một số cấu trúc câu cầu khiến 2.1 To have sb sth = to get sb to sth = khiến ai, bảo làm I’ll have Peter fix my car I’ll get Peter to fix my car 2.2 To have/to get sth done = làm việc cách thuê người khác I have my hair cut (Tôi cắt tóc - tự cắt) I have my car washed (Tôi mang xe rửa dịch vụ - tự rửa) Theo khuynh hướng động từ to want would like dùng với mẫu câu vậy: To want/ would like Sth done (ít dùng) I want/ would like my car washed 2.3 To make sb sth = to force sb to sth = Bắt buộc phải làm The bank robbers made the manager give them all the money The bank robbers forced the manager to give them all the money Đằng sau tân ngữ “make” dùng tính từ: To make sb/sth + adj Wearing flowers made her more beautiful Chemical treatment will make this wood more durable 2.4 To make sb + P2 = làm cho bị Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday 2.5 To cause sth + P2 = làm cho bị The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged 2.6 To let sb sth = to permit/allow sb to sth = ai, cho phép làm I let me go At first, she doesn’t allow me to kiss her but Lối nói phụ họa 3.1 Phụ họa câu khẳng định – Khi muốn nói người vật làm việc người, vật khác làm việc vậy, người ta dùng so too Để tránh phải lặp lại từ câu trước (mệnh đề chính), người ta dùng liên từ and thêm câu đơn giản (mệnh đề phụ) có sử dụng so too Ý nghĩa hai từ có nghĩa “cũng thế” John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we I will be in Vietnam in May, and they will too I will be in Vietnam in May, and so will they He has seen her play, and the girls have too He has seen her play, and so have the girls We are going to the movie tonight, and he is too We are going to the movie tonight, and so is he She will wear a custom to the party, and we will too She will wear a custom to the party, and so will we Picaso was a famous painter, and Rubens was too Picaso was a famous painter, and so was Rubens Tuỳ theo từ dùng mà cấu trúc câu có thay đổi: – Khi mệnh đề có động từ be thời mệnh đề phụ dùng từ be thời Affirmative statement (be) + and + S + verb + too Affirmative statement (be) + and + so + verb + S I am happy, and you are too I am happy, and so are you – Khi mệnh đề có cụm trợ động từ + động từ], ví dụ will go, should do, has done, have written, must consider, trợ động từ mệnh đề dùng lại mệnh đề phụ They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you – Khi mệnh đề động từ be, trợ động từ, bạn phải dùng từ do, does, did làm trợ động từ thay Thời thể trợ động từ phải chia theo chủ ngữ mệnh đề phụ Affirmative statement + and + S + do/does/did + too Affirmative statement + and + so + do/does/did + S Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister 3.2 Phụ hoạ câu phủ định – Cũng giống too so câu khẳng định, để phụ hoạ câu phủ định, người ta dùng 'either' (cũng) 'neither' (cũng không) Ba quy tắc trợ động từ, động từ be do, does, did áp dụng giống Ta gói gọn quy tắc vào công thức sau: Negative statement + and + S + negative auxiliary (or be) + either Negative statement + and + neither + positive auxiliary (or be) + S I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John She won’t be going to the conference, and her friends won’t either She won’t be going to the conference, and neither will her friends John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and I haven’t either John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and neither have I Các cấu trúc khác 4.1 Enough: đủ….để làm • Đi với tính từ trạng từ, enough thường đứng sau: S + verb + adv + enough + (for somebody) + to + verb… S + tobe + adj + enough + (for somebody) + to + verb… Ví dụ: Coffee is hot enough for me to drink This exercise is easy enough for us to This motorbike drives fast enough to Ha Dong • Đi với danh từ, enough thường đứng trước: S + verb + enough + noun (for somebody) + to verb… S + verb + enough + for something Ví dụ: I have enough money to buy a car They grow enough rice to live It’s enough time for us to the exercise Have you got enough vegetable for dinner? Do you have enough sugar for the cake? 4.2 Too…: để làm Cấu trúc điễn tả mức độ vượt khả để làm Cấu trúc: S + verb + too + adv + (for somebody) + to + verb … S + tobe + too + adj + (for somebody) + to + verb… Ví dụ: The coffee is too hot for me to drink He is too young to love He spoke too quickly for us to understand The bus drives too fast for us to keep pace with 4.3 So/such….that….: mà • So ….that… Cấu trúc: S + tobe + so + adj + that + a clause S + verb + so + adv + that + a clause Ví dụ: The exercise is so difficult that I can’t it The food is so hot that we can’t eat it He spoke so quickly that I can’t hear him The bus drives so fast that they can’t catch it • Such…that… Cấu trúc: S/it + tobe + such + (a/an)+ adj + noun + that + a clause S/it + verb + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + a clause Ví dụ: It is such a difficult exercise that we can’t it We bought such a modern car that we couldn’t dream Chú ý: danh từ không đếm không dùng “a/an” This is such difficult homework that we can’t finish it He invested such much money that we couldn’t imagine 4.4 Adj + to verb Cấu trúc: It + tobe + adj + for somebody + to verb… Ví dụ: It’s necessary for us to protect environment It’s difficult for him to pass the exam 4.5 It’s + adj + of + object + to + verb… Ví dụ: It’s kind of him to help me = He is kind to help me (anh ta thật tốt bụng giúp đỡ tôi) It’s cowardly of him to run away= he is cowardly to run away (anh ta thật hèn nhát bỏ chạy) 4.6 It takes/took + object + khoảng thời gian + to verb… = somebody spend/spent + khoảng thời gian + V-ing…: để làm việc Ví dụ: It takes me 15 minutes to go to school by bike = I spend 15 minutes going to school by bike It took him a year to study English = He spent a year studying English It took her hours to type this document = She spent hours typing this document 4.7 It’s + khoảng thời gian + since + clause (simple past): từ khi…… Ví dụ: It’s a week since I saw Nam It’s a year since they visited me It’s ages since it rained here 4.8 It’s the first time + clause (present perfect): lần đầu tiên… = …… before Ví dụ: It’s the first time I’ve ever visited this town = I’ve never visited this town before It’s the first time he has ever sent me a letter = He has never sent me a letter before It’s the first time she has ever arrived late = She has never arrived late before 4.9 It is/was not until + time + that + clause: khi……… Ví dụ: It was not until 1990 that she became a teacher (mãi đến năm 1990,cô trở thành giáo viên) It was not until 1915 that the cinema really became an industry (mãi đến năm 1915 điện ảnh thực trở thành ngành công nghiệp) Bài tập 1: Phụ họa với câu đây: Ví dụ: Nam likes fish (I) –> Nam likes fish, so I He came early, (she) She knows you quite well, (her husband) My friend lived in Hai Phong, (his sister) These books don’t belong to me, (those) I don’t believe it, (my friend) I don’t like the hot weather, (my wife) Trees don’t grow very well here, (grass) Bài tập 2: Kết hợp hai câu sau, sử dụng "too " or "enough ": It was very dark I couldn`t see the words It was early I couldn`t tell you once more story Dick is very clever He can learn this in a short time My mother is very old She cannot that work That house isn`t large We can`t stay there for the night Daisy was very short She couldn`t reach the picture Jack is very clever He can this work The little girl was so shy She couldn`t tell me the story The driver was very hurried He couldn`t wait for me Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu sau với từ cho sẵn cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi It’s the first time they’ve ever bought me a present –> They……………………………… Peter isn’t tall enough to reach the bookself –> Peter is…………………………………… John worked very carefully It took him a long time to finish his work –> John worked so…………………………………………… Thank you for helping me –> It was very kind ………………… Mrs Green told Alice to take the books home –> Mrs Green had …………………………… You can’t understand those things because you are too young –> You aren’t ……………………………………………… This shirt is too dirty for me to wear –> This shirt isn’t ………………………… Boiling an egg is not difficult –> It’s………………………… We spent hours getting to London –> It took……………………………… 10 They last visited me five years ago –> They haven’t ………………… 11 His briefcase was too full for the zip fastener to close properly –> His briefcase was so full…………………………… 12 The last time I played football was in 1971 –> I haven’t…………………………………… 13 Their dog was so fierce that nobody would visit them –> They had………………………………………… 14 The noise next door didn’t stop until after midnight –> It was not…………………………………… Bài tập 4: Kết hợp câu dùng “not only…but also” “both….and” He is interested in planting orchids He is interested in collecting butterflies (not only….but also…) You can visit the West End in London You can visit the East End in London (both….and ) You can attend the party Your sister can attend the party (both….and…) She can sing beautifully She can play the piano well (not only….but also…) I can drink coffee black I can drink coffee with sugar (both…and…) She is good at maths She is good at English (not only ….but also….) II.Các loại mệnh đề Mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) • Định nghĩa: mệnh đề độc lập mệnh đề mà ý nghĩa không phụ thuộc vào mệnh đề khác câu Trong câu, có hai nhiều mệnh đề độc lập Chúng nối với liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunction) Ví dụ: The country life is quite and the air here is fresh and pure Câu có mệnh đề độc lập "The country life is quite" "the air here is fresh and pure" nối với liên từ “and” • Có thể câu, mệnh đề độc lập cách dấu phẩy dấu chấm phẩy The class is over, all the pupils go out of the room Mệnh đề phụ thuộc (dependent clauses) 2.1 Định nghĩa: mệnh đề đứng riêng Ý nghĩa phụ thuộc vào mệnh đề 2.2 Về mặt cấu trúc, mệnh đề phụ liên kết với mệnh đề bằng: – Các đại từ liên hệ: who, whom, which, whose, that, … The girl who works at the café is John’s sister – Các phó từ liên hệ why, when, where I remember the house where I was born – Các liên từ phụ thuộc: when, while, as, as soon as, because, though, although, till, until, if, unless, wherever, whenever… When we lived in this town, we often went to the theatre Ví dụ: She stayed at home because her mother was ill Trong câu này, có mệnh đề: (1) she stayed at home (mệnh đề chính) (2) because her mother was ill (mệnh đề phụ thuộc) 2.3 Các loại mệnh đề phụ 2.3.1 Mệnh đề danh từ (noun clauses) • Là mệnh đề dùng giống danh từ Mệnh đề danh từ thường bắt đầu với that, if, whether từ dùng để hỏi what, when, where, how • Mệnh đề danh từ làm chủ ngữ: When the summit meeting will be held has not been decided That a majority of shareholders didn't attend the meeting is natural • Mệnh đề danh từ làm tân ngữ: We know that the astronauts were very tired after their long trip The figures show how much the population has increased • Mệnh đề danh từ làm bổ ngữ: The advantage of DVD is that it gives you much better picture quality It seems that the company has made a mistake in its marketing strategy 2.3.2 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (adverb clauses) • Làm chức trạng từ, mệnh đề trạng ngữ có loại sau đây: a Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mục đích - So that She dresses like that so that everyone will notice her - In order that Some people eat so that they may live Others seem to live in order that they may eat - For fear that I am telling you this for fear that you should make a mistake - In case We had better take an umbrella in case it should rain b Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân - Because He sold the car because it was too small - As As he was tired, he sat down - Since Since we have no money we can’t buy it - Seeing that Seeing that you won’t help me, I must the job myself c Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nơi chốn - Where I will go where you tell me - Wherever Sit wherever you like d Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian - When When it rains, I usually go to school by bus - While I learned Japanese while I was in Tokyo - Before She learned English before she came to England - After He came after night had fallen - Since I have not been well since I returned home - As I saw her as she was leaving home - Till/until I will stay here until you get back - As soon as As soon as John heard the news, he wrote to me - Just as Just as he entered the room, I heard a terrible explosion - Whenever I’ll discuss it with you whenever you like e Mệnh đề trạng ngữ cách thức - As The fought as heroes - As if/ as though + Diễn tả việc người nói tin xảy tương lai It looks as if it’s going to rain + Diễn tả việc người nói tin khó thật He looked at me as if I were mad + Diễn tả việc người nói tin khó thật khứ You look as if you hard seen a ghost f Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết - So + tính từ + that The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it - Such (a) + danh từ + that It was such a hot day that I took off my Jacket g Mệnh đề trạng ngữ tương phản - Though/ although (mặc dù) Though he looks ill, he is very strong - No matter: có ý nghĩa tương tự như: (al) though, theo sau how, what, where, who No matter how = however No matter who = whoever No matter where = wherever No matter what = whatever No matter where you go, you will find Coca-Coca No matter what you say, I don't believe you - As Rich as he is, he never gives anybody anything h Mệnh đề trạng ngữ so sánh This exercise is not as easy as you think i Mệnh đề trạng ngữ điều kiện If it rains, we shall stay at home 2.3.3 Mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clauses/relative clauses) • Có chức tính từ Các mệnh đề bắt đầu đại từ liên hệ như: who, whom, that, whose… phó từ liên hệ why, where, when This is the bicycle that I would like to buy • Các đại từ quan hệ mệnh đề tính ngữ Những từ đứng đầu mệnh đề tính ngữ (who, whom, which…) gọi đại từ quan hệ chúng thay cho danh từ đứng trước đối tượng với danh từ - Who: dùng thay cho danh từ trước, làm chủ từ The man who saw the accident yesterday is my neighbour -Whom: dùng thay cho danh từ người, làm tân ngữ The man whom I saw yesterday is John -Which: dùng thay cho danh từ đồ vật vật, vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ The horse, which I recently bought, is an Arab -Whose : dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ người vật đứng trước A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan - Of which: dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ vhỉ vật đứng trước, không dùng cho người: This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off - That : dùng để thay who, whom, which • Các đại từ quan hệ với giới từ: Trong câu có chứa mệnh đề tính ngữ, giới từ thường có hai vị trí: - Có thể trước đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, không trước that I don’t know the woman about whom you are talking now - Đi sau động từ đại từ quan hệ that, who, whom, which This is the boy that I told you of • Các phó từ liên hệ mệnh đề tính ngữ - where = in/ at which - when = at/ on which - why = for which • Mệnh đề tính ngữ xác định: thành phần câu, thiếu, bỏ The book is interesting The book is on the table –> the book which is on the table is interesting • Mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ không xác định: mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin, thành phần không bản, bỏ Nam’s book is interesting It is on the table –> Nam’s book, which is on the table, is interesting Chú ý: - Mệnh đề đứng hai dấu phẩy - Mệnh đề tính ngữ không xác định thành phần câu xác định tính từ sở hữu, tính từ định yếu tố • Từ lượng với đại từ quan hệ: some of/most of/a lot of/both of/neither of/a pair of…+ whom/ which I go to school with some friends Most of them are boys –> I go to school with some friends, most of whom are boys We sent him two pictures Both of them were new –> we sent him two pictures, both of which were new • Các trường hợp không dùng “that”: - Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ I know the man with whom you live - Mệnh đề có chứa từ lượng They met many children, most of whom were girls - Đại từ quan hệ thay mệnh đề đứng trước He often sailed across the lake, which nobody had done before • Mệnh đề tính ngữ giản lược trở thành cụm từ không chứa động từ chia: * Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với phân từ The Royal College, which was founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country –> The Royal College, founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country Applications which are received after the deadline cannot be considered –> Applications received after the deadline cannot be considered People who travelled into the city every day are used to the hold-ups –> People travelling into the city every day are used to the hold-ups * Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với danh từ đồng cách Oak, which is one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture –> Oak, one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture * Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với động từ nguyên mẫu Chúng ta dùng mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với động từ nguyên mẫu sau số thứ tự (first, second ), hình thức so sánh bậc (oldest ), next, last, only: Who was the first person that conquered Mount Everest? –> Who was the first person to conquer Mount Everest? She is the only student who has signed up for the course –> She is the only student to sign up for the course Bài tập 1: Nối hai mệnh đề sử dụng liên từ thích hợp I couldn’t sleep I was tired They have very little money They are happy We live in the same street We hardly ever see each other Angela got married She was 23 The phone rang three times We were having dinner She dresses like that Everyone will notice her He sold the car It was too small I will stay here You get back Bài tập 2: Nối câu đại từ quan hệ Peter wanted to have dinner with us He hated eating on his own We saw several houses Most of them were modern My brother has just sold his town house His dream is to live in a farm house We pay a visit to the house We lived in the house 10 years ago They’ll never forget the day Their wedding took place on that day What was the name of the year? Your son was born on that year Hai phong is a nice city Its streets are green I like the dog Its fur is white Felipe bought a camera The camera has three lenses 10 Frank is the man We are going to nominate Frank for the office of treasurer 11 Janet wants a typewriter The typewriter can self-correct III.2 Các loại câu tiếng Anh Có hai cách phân loại câu tiếng Anh: Phân loại theo mục đích chức năng, chia làm loại câu sau: 1.1 Câu trần thuật (declarative sentence) – Là loại câu phổ biến quan trọng Nó dùng để truyền đạt thông tin để tuyên bố điều David plays the piano I hope you can come 1.2 Câu nghi vấn (interrogative sentence) – Câu nghi vấn dùng để hỏi Is this your book? What are you doing? · Các loại câu hỏi: – Câu hỏi dạng đảo (yes/no questions): đảo trợ động từ, động từ khuyết thiếu lên trước chủ từ Are you English? Can you speak English? Do you learn English at school? – Câu hỏi đuôi (tag question): • Câu hỏi đuôi dạng câu hỏi thông dụng tiếng Anh Mặc dù câu trả lời cho câu hỏi đuôi giống câu trả lời cho câu hỏi YES-NO, câu hỏi đuôi có sắc thái ý nghĩa riêng biệt • Câu hỏi đuôi thành lập sau câu nói khẳng định phủ định, ngăn cách dấu phẩy (,) người đặt câu hỏi có thông tin câu trả lời Tuy nhiên, thường người hỏi không chắn thông tin Nếu người hỏi chắn, tự tin có thông tin câu trả lời hỏi chấm dứt câu hỏi đuôi, người hỏi lên giọng • Nguyên tắc chung lập câu hỏi đuôi: – Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy câu khẳng định, câu hỏi đuôi phải thể phủ định – Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy câu phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi phải thể khẳng định – Nếu câu nói trước có “never, hardly, rarely, nobody, nothing”, câu hỏi đuôi phải thể khẳng định • Cấu tạo câu hỏi đuôi: Câu hỏi đuôi gồm trợ động từ tương ứng với dùng câu nói trước dấu phẩy, có NOT NOT đại từ nhân xưng tương ứng với chủ ngữ câu nói trước dấu phẩy.Thí dụ: You are afraid, aren’t you? You didn’t your homework, did you? He never visits you, does he? Nobody has prepared the lesson, have they? – Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (Wh-question): + Nếu từ để hỏi làm chủ ngữ, cấu trúc câu là: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis → Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis If she comes early, we’ll start → Should she come early, we’ll start Điệu kiện loại II • Nếu câu có động từ “were”, đảo “were” lên đầu If I were a bird, I would fly → Were I a bird, I would fly They would answer me if they were here → Were they here, they would answer me • Nếu câu động từ “were” mượn “were’ dùng “ to V” If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book → Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming → Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming Điều kiện loại III • Đảo trợ động từ khứ hoàn thành If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home → Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home If he had trained hard, he would have won the match → Had he trained hard, he would have won the match Chú ý: dạng phủ định, “not” đặt sau chủ ngữ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you Bài tập1: Chia động từ ngoặc theo dạng Bring him another if he (not/like) this one She (be) angry if she (hear) this tomorrow Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident If you (like), I (get) you a job in this company If grandmother (be) years younger, she (play) some games If he sun (stop) shinning, there (be) no light on earth If I (be) a millionaire, I (live) on Mars Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.–> If I………………………………… If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.–> But for……………… If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.–> If I ……………………………………… I only come if they invite me.–> Unless……………………… He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.–> If he…………………… His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.–> But for……………… The park is over there, only minutes’ walk.–> If you walk………… In case it rains, we’ll stay at home–> If it……………… Bài tập 3: Sửa câu sai sau: Should anyone rang, could you take a message? Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done Was I a bird, I would fly Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this company Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming VI Định nghĩa, vị trí chức giới từ Định nghĩa: – Giới từ từ dùng để nối danh từ hay đại từ với từ đứng trước Vị trí: – Giới từ thường đặt trước danh từ đại từ Ví dụ: She went to school at the age of six He usually visits me on Sundays – Giới từ đứng sau động từ (trừ sau “but” “except”) động từ phải để dạng V-ing Ví dụ: They succeeded in escaping – Trong trường hợp (dùng đại từ quan hệ), giới từ đặt trước đại từ đặt cuối câu: To whom were you talking to? Who were you talking to? The people with whom I was travelling The people I was travelling with – Giới từ từ riêng lẻ như: at, after, before, during, until, in, on, to,by, – Giới từ cụm từ như: in spite of, on account of, in front of, for the sake of… Chú ý: lược bỏ “to” “for” trước tân ngữ gián tiếp So sánh câu I gave the book to Tom I gave Tom the book → Tân ngữ gián tiếp đặt trước giới từ “to” bị lược bỏ → Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc với động từ sau: bring, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pay, promise, send, show, sing, take… I showed the map to Bill = I showed Bill the map They sent $5 to Mr Smith = They sent Mr Smith $5 → Tương tự, lược bỏ “for” Cấu trúc sử dụng với động từ sau: build, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, make, order… I’ll get a drink for you = I’ll get you a drink I bought a book for James = I bought James a book Chức giới từ: Giới từ kết hợp với danh từ (hoặc đại từ) để tạo thành cụm từ Cụm từ là: – Ngữ trạng từ (bổ nghĩa cho động từ): I looked through the window She spoke in a low voice He will go there on Friday – Ngữ tính từ (bổ nghĩa cho danh từ): The house with the big garden is Mr Nam’s I don’t like the sound of a jet engine Chú ý: Cần phân biệt hai chức Cùng cụm từ, trường hợp ngữ trạng từ, trường hợp khác lại ngữ tính từ Ví dụ: He usually does his morning exercises in the open air (trạng ngữ, bổ nghĩa cho động từ “does”) Exercises in the open air are healthy (tính ngữ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ “exercises”) Một số từ vừa dùng làm giới từ, vừa dùng làm phó từ: in, up, on, down, along, through… Cần phân biệt chức từ câu He put the book on the table (giới từ) Put your coat on (phó từ) Lan is in the garden (phó từ) I opened the door and he came in (phó từ) VII.A Phân loại giới từ – Giới từ thời gian: at, on, by, before, in, for, during… Ví dụ: The train starts at 6.10, so you had better be at the station by 6.00 We arrived on the morning of the sixth By the end of July, I’ll have read all those books Before signing this contract, he had to consider a lot Most people work from to Bake it for two hours – Giới từ nơi chốn: in, on, at, above, under, below… Ví dụ: They arrived in Spain You can this sort of work at home She put the letter under her pillow We camped beside a lake – Giới từ nguyên nhân: for, from, by, on, of… The streets are lighted by mistakes Thank you very much for your help He trembled from fear He died of tuberculosis many years ago – Giới từ mục đích: for, to, at… What you want the paper for? I’ve sent a letter to you – Giới từ thể cách: by, with, … We can learn English by listening to the radio She cut the bread with a sharp knife – Giới từ phương tiện: by, in… He goes to school by bus She goes to work in her own car – Giới từ tương quan: by, next to, on, under, below… They live below us Tom is in front of Mary My house is next to a cinema B Nghĩa số giới từ thông dụng About về: This is a story about elephants khoảng: He is about ten years old Above trên, cao hơn: The plane flew above the clouds phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram Across từ bên sang bên (qua): We walked across the field phía bên kia: There is a store across the street After sau, sau khi: after ten o'clock; after lunch đứng sau: Q comes after P in the alphabet theo sau: The dog ran after the cat Against chống lại, làm trái: Theft is against the law giáp, tiếp xúc, dựa vào: I leaned my bicycle against the wall Along dọc theo: We walked along the road Among giữa, số (một nhóm người): The money was shared among three people Around vòng quanh: We walked around the block vây quanh, bao quanh: There is a fence around the garden khắp: I looked around the house for the keys quay sang hướng khác: We turned around and went back home khoảng: He is around six feet tall At địa điểm cụ thể: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park điểm thời gian: at o'clock; at Christmas hoàn cảnh: at peace; at war; at rest hoạt động: at work; at school; at play hướng tới, hướng vào: Look at someone; wave at someone Before trước khi, trước: before two o'clock; before Christmas đứng trước: S comes before T in the alphabet Behind đằng sau, phía sau: The little girl hid behind her mother muộn: I am behind in my work nguyên nhân, nguồn gốc: Who was behind that idea? Below bên dưới, thấp hơn: below freezing; below sea level phía dưới: Footnotes are provided below the text Beside bên cạnh: I sit beside her in class Besides ngoài: We study other languages besides English Between Giữa hai điểm không gian: Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver Giữa hai điểm thời gian: between Christmas and New Year's Day nhóm hai người: The money was shared between two people Beyond trên: The mountains lie beyond the horizon vượt quá: That was beyond my expectations But trừ: I have read all but the last chapter Note: But thường sử dụng liên từ giới từ By gần: a house by the sea vượt qua: He waved as he drove by the house trước: Try to finish the work by next week theo đơn vị đó: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight bằng, bởi: travel by plane; written by him Concerning về, liên quan đến: He studies everything concerning trees Despite mặc dù: We walked downtown despite the rain Down xuống phía dưới: The ball rolled down the hill cuối: He lives down the street During suốt khoảng thời gian: She works during the day thời điểm khoảng thời gian: An accident occurred during the night Except ngoại trừ: I have visited everyone except him For khoảng thời gian: We walked for two hours khoảng cách: I walked for five kilometers mục đích: I bought this jacket for you tới đâu đó: She left for New York tán thành, ủng hộ: We are for the proposal so với: The boy is clever for his age From từ nơi đó: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico thời gian đó: from now on; from yesterday until today từ lượng đó: From 20 to 30 people were present nguyên nhân: He suffers from nervousness nguồn (từ đó): I first heard the story from you In nơi đó: in London; in Europe địa điểm: in the room; in the building vào tháng, năm: That happened in March, in 1992 khoảng thời gian định: I will return in an hour bằng: write in pencil; speak in English tình trạng, điều kiện: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret thành viên của…: He is in the orchestra; in the navy mặc: the boy in the blue shirt về, có liên quan đến: lacking in ideas; rich in oil Inside bên trong: They are inside the house Into vào bên We stepped into the room thay đổi tình trạng: The boy changed into a man Like giống: That looks like him thể: It looks like rain Near gần: near the school; near the ocean Of vị trí: east of here; the middle of the road sở hữu: a friend of mine; the sound of music phần nhóm: one of us; a member of the team đo lường: a cup of milk; two meters of snow Off Not on; away from: Please keep off the grass At some distance from: There are islands off the coast On (chạm vào nhau): on the table; on the wall ngày xác định: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June đường xác định: on South Street về: a book on engineering trạng thái tình trạng: on strike; on fire; on holiday nhờ, bằng: live on a pension; shown on television Opposite đối diện: The library is opposite the fire station Out of khỏi: She went out of the room số: We won two games out of three chất liệu: The bridge is made out of steel khỏi: out of control; out of danger Outside bên ngoài: outside the house giới hạn, khả năng: outside my experience Over cao hơn, trên: There are cupboards over the sink bao phủ: We spread an extra blanket over the bed qua: I jumped over a puddle nhiều hơn: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour khoảng: I saw him several times over the past week bằng: We made plans over the telephone Past vượt qua: I walked past the house sau (thời gian): It was past o'clock; half past two With với: He came with her; I have my keys with me có, chứa: Here is a book with a map of the island bằng, sử dụng: I repaired the shoes with glue cách thức: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty vì: We were paralyzed with fear Within vòng: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer Without không có: Do not leave without your coat; without money C.Động từ với giới từ • Verb + at Look/have a look/stare/ glance at…: nhìn vào/nhìn chắm chằm vào - why are you looking at me like that? Laugh/smile at…:cười vào - Everyone will laugh at my haircut Aim/point (something) at….: nhằm vào, vào - Don’t point that knife at me It’s dangerous • Verb + to: Talk/speak to (someone)…: nói với - Can I speak to Jane, please? Listen to… - We spent the evening listening to music Invite (somebody) to (a party/a wedding)…; - They only invited a few people to their wedding Explain something to somebody…: giải thích điều cho - Can you explain this word to me? Happen to…xảy đến với ai/cái - What happened to that gold watch you used to have? Prefer one thing to another: thích - I prefer tea to coffee Shout at somebody…(khi giận dữ) - She got very angry and started shouting at me Shout to sonebody…(để cho người khác nghe) - She shouted to me from the other side of the street Throw something at somebody/something (đánh, đập ai/cái gì) - Somebody threw an egg at the minister Throw something to somebody (để cho bắt lấy) - Judy shouted “catch” and threw the key to me from the window Ask somebody for something: xin - He asked me for money Ask somebody to something yêu cầu àm - He asked me to post the letter for him • Verb + about… Talk about/ read about/ tell somebody about…/have a discussion about… - We talked about a lot of things at the meeting Chú ý: discuss something (không có giới từ) Care about something/something… - He’s selfish He doesn’t care about other people • Verb + for… Apply for (a job)….xin việc - I think this job would suit you Why don’t you apply for it? Wait for….chờ đợi - Don’t wait for me I’ll join you later Search (a person/aplac/a thing) for…tìm kiếm - I’ve searched (the house) for the key but I still can’t find it Leave (a place) for another place.: - I haven’t seen her since she left for work this morning Look for: tìm kiếm - I’ve lost my keys Can you help me to look for them? • Verb + about, of… Dream about…: - I dream about you last night Dream of being something/doing something (=imagine): - I often dream of being rich Hear about … (được nói cho biết về…) - Did you hear about the fight in the club on Saturday night? Hear of (biết đó/cái tồn tại) - “Who is Tom madely?” - “I’ve no idea I’ve never heard of him Hear from… (nhận thư điện thoại ai) - “Have you heard from Jane recently?” Remind somebody of… - This house reminds me of the one I lived in when I was a child Complain (to somebody) about … - We complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food • Verb + of… Accuse somebody of…buộc tội - Sue accused me of being selfish Approve of….tán thành - His parents don’t approve of what he does, but they can’t stop him Die of…chết vì… - What did he die of? - “A heart attack” Consist of ….bao gồm - My house consists of six rooms • Verb + for … Pay (somebody) for something - I didn’t have enough money to pay for the meal Nhưng “pay the bill/a fine/a tax/fare/ rent” Thank/forgive somebody for… - I’ll never forgive them for what they did Apologise (to somebody) for… - I apologised (to them) for my mistakes Blame somebody/something for…/blame something on somebody - Everybody blamed me for the accident/ blamed the accident on me • Verb + from… Suffer from (an illness) - The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased Protect someone/something from (or against) ….bảo vệ ai/cái khỏi - Sun oil can protect the skin from the sun (or against the sun) • Verb + on… Depend on/rely on….phụ thuộc vào - You can rely on Jill She always keeps her promises - What time will you arrive? - “I don’t know It depends on the traffic” Live on (money/food): - George’s salry is verry low It isn’t enough to live on Congratulate (someone) on…: chúc mừng việc - I congratulated her on her success in the exam Concentrate on… - Don’t look out the window Concentrate on your work Insist on…: khăng khăng làm - I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me Spend (money) on…: tiêu tiền cho gì, việc - How much money you spend on food each week • Verb + in… Believe in …: tin vào - Do you believe in God? Specialise in….: - Helen is a lawyer She specialises in company law Succeed in… - I hope you succeed in finding the job you want • Verb + into… Break into…: đột nhập - Our house was broken into a few days ago but nothing was stolen Crash/drive/bump/run into… - He lost control of the car and crashed into the wall Divide/split something into… - The book is divided into parts Translate (a book…) (from one language) into the other - George Orwell’s book have been translated into many languages • Verb + with… Collide with….: đâm vào, va chạm - There was an accident this morning A bus collided with a car Fill something with … - Take this saucepan and fill it with water Provide/supply somebody with… - The school provides all its students with books Bài tập: Điền giới từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu (nếu cần thiết) I’m not going out yet I’m waiting ………… the rain to stop You are always asking me ……………the money Ask somebody else for a change I’ve applied………… the job at the factory I don’t know if I‘ll get it I don’t want to discuss …………what happened last night We had an interesting discussion ……………….the problem but we didn’t reach a decision He’s selfish He doesn’t care…………other people Please let me borrow your camera I promise I’ll take good care……….it I looked ……….my key but I couldn’t find them anywhere I love this music It reminds me……….a warm day in spring 10 Janet warned me ………… the water She said it wasn’t safe to drink 11 Our neighbors complained ……….us ……….the noise we made last night 12 She accused me ………… being selfish 13 I congratulated her……….winning the tournament 14 He has a bodyguard to protect him ……… enemies 15 His parents don’t approve……… what he does but they can’t stop him 16 I didn’t have enough money to pay……….the bill D Tính từ với giới từ • Adj + of… Nice/kind/good/polite/silly/stupid… of somebody (to something) - Thank you It was nice of you to help me - It is stupid of her to go out without a coat in such cold weather Nhưng: nice/ kind/good/polite/silly/stupid/unfriendly … to somebody - They have always been very nice to me • Adj + about/with… Angry/annoy/furious about something - It’s stupid to get angry about things that don’t matter Angry/annoy/furious with somebody for doing something - Are you annoyed with me for being late? Excited/worried/ upset/ nervous/happy about something - Are you excited about going on holiday next week? Delighted/pleased/ satisfied/ disappointed with something - I was delighted with the present you gave me • Adj + at/by/with… Surprised/shocked/ amazed/astonished at/by something - Everybody was surprised at/by the news - I hope you weren’t shocked by/at what I said Impressed with/by somebody/something - I’m very impressed with/by her English It’s very good Fed up with/bored with something - I don’t enjoy my job any more I’m fed up with it /I’m bored with it • Sorry about/ for… Sorry about something - I’m sorry about the noise last night Sorry for doing something - I’m sorry for being late To feel/to be sorry for somebody - I feel sorry for George He has a lot of problems • Adj + of… Afraid/ frightened/ terrified/scared of : - Are you afraid of dogs? Fond/proud/ashamed/jealous/envious of…: - Why are you so jealous of other people? Suspicious/critical of…: - He was suspicious of my intentions Aware of/ conscious of …: - Did you know he was married? - No, I wasn’t aware of that Capable/ incapable of…: - I’m sure that you are capable of passing the exam Full of/ short of…: - The letter I wrote was full of mistakes - I’m short of money Can you lend me some? Tired of…: - Come on, let’s go! I’m tired of waiting • Adj + at/on/to/from/in/with/for Good/bad/excellent/brilliant at…: - I’m not very good at maths Married/engaged to…: - Linda is married to an American Different from…: - The film was different from what I’d expected Interested in…: - Are you interested in art? Keen on…: - I’m keen on listening to music Dependent on… - I don’t want to be dependent on anybody Famous for… - Hanoi is famous for places of interest Responsible for… - Who was responsible for all that noise last night? Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai cho nghĩa giống câu thứ There were lots of tourists in the city centre The city centre was crowded …………… There was a lot of furniture in the room The room was full………………… I don’t like sport very much I’m not very keen………………………… We haven’t got enough time We’re a bit short………………… I’m not a very good tennis player I’m not very good ………………… Catherine’s husband is Russian Catherine is married……………………… I don’t trust Robert I’m suspicious …………………………… My problem is not the same as yours My problem is different……………… Bài tập 2: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống Our house is similar ……… yours Perhaps yours is a bit larger I’m tired……………doing the same things every day I need a change John has no money of his own He’s totally dependent …………his parents I don’t like going up ladders I’m afraid ……… heights Linda doesn’t look very well I’m worried ………….her Are you still upset ……… what I said to you yesterday? I was delighted ………………the present you gave me We’re all excited ……………going on holiday next week Bài tập 3: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống câu sau: The course begins ……….7 January and ends ……10 March I went to bed ……….midnight and got up ……… 6.30 the next morning We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ……….5 o’clock …….the morning Mozart was born in Salzburg ………1756 Are you doing anything special …………….the weekend? I haven’t seen Ann …………a few days I last saw her ……….Tuesday I’ll phone you ……… Tuesday morning…… 10 o’clock, okay? Tom’s grandmother died………1977………the age ……… 79 The price of electricity is going up ……… October 10 There are usually a lot of parties ………New Year’s Eve 11 I like walking round the town……….night 12 The telephone and the doorbell rang …….the same time 13 I waited for you ………half an hour and then decided that you weren’t coming 14 Production at the factory was seriously affected……….the strike 15 It can be dangerous when children play football ……… the street 16 I’ll meet you ………the corner (of the street) at 10 o’clock 17 Tom’s ill He wasn’t ……… work today He was …… home…….bed 18 Paul is a student ……… London University 19 I’ve just received an invitation……… a wedding next week 20.The cause…… the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown 21 Money isn’t the solution …….every problem 22 The company has rejected the workers’ demands ……….an increase… pay 23 Bill and I used to be good friends but I don’t have much contact ……….him now 24 I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply…… my letter 25 Do you know any songs ………the Beatles? 26 There was panic when people realized the building was …….fire 27 The shop assistant wouldn’t accept my cheque and insisted that I paid …….cash 28 When I was 14, I went ……….a trip to France organized by my school 29 We hadn’t arranged to meet We met … chance 30 It’s very nice ……you to let me use your car Thank you very much 31 I can’t understand people who are crucial ……….animals 32 Why you always get so annoyed ……….little things? 33 The people next door are annoyed …….us……making so much noise last night 34 We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed…… the hotel 35 I was surprised …….the way he behaved It was quite out of character 36 Did you know that Linda is engaged …….a friend of mine? 37 These days everyone is aware ……the dangers of smoking 38 Ann is fond…….her younger brother 39 Britain certainly isn’t famous ………its food 40 That man is very honst He isn’t capable …….telling a lie 41 Do you know anyone who might be interested ……….buying an old car? 42 The police are responsible ……….maintaining law and order 43 I’m sorry ………the smell in this room It’s just been painted 44 She hasn’t got a job She depends ……… her parents for money 45 Are you going to apologise ……….what you did? 46 Tom and I ran………each other in town yesterday afternoon 47 A football team consists ……….11 players 48 Do you belong…… a political party? 49 The accident was my fault, so I had to pay ……….the damage 50 Sally is often not well She suffers …………severe headaches E Tính từ với giới từ • Adj + of… Nice/kind/good/polite/silly/stupid… of somebody (to something) - Thank you It was nice of you to help me - It is stupid of her to go out without a coat in such cold weather Nhưng: nice/ kind/good/polite/silly/stupid/unfriendly … to somebody - They have always been very nice to me • Adj + about/with… Angry/annoy/furious about something - It’s stupid to get angry about things that don’t matter Angry/annoy/furious with somebody for doing something - Are you annoyed with me for being late? Excited/worried/ upset/ nervous/happy about something - Are you excited about going on holiday next week? Delighted/pleased/ satisfied/ disappointed with something - I was delighted with the present you gave me • Adj + at/by/with… Surprised/shocked/ amazed/astonished at/by something - Everybody was surprised at/by the news - I hope you weren’t shocked by/at what I said Impressed with/by somebody/something - I’m very impressed with/by her English It’s very good Fed up with/bored with something - I don’t enjoy my job any more I’m fed up with it /I’m bored with it • Sorry about/ for… Sorry about something - I’m sorry about the noise last night Sorry for doing something - I’m sorry for being late To feel/to be sorry for somebody - I feel sorry for George He has a lot of problems • Adj + of… Afraid/ frightened/ terrified/scared of : - Are you afraid of dogs? Fond/proud/ashamed/jealous/envious of…: - Why are you so jealous of other people? Suspicious/critical of…: - He was suspicious of my intentions Aware of/ conscious of …: - Did you know he was married? - No, I wasn’t aware of that Capable/ incapable of…: - I’m sure that you are capable of passing the exam Full of/ short of…: - The letter I wrote was full of mistakes - I’m short of money Can you lend me some? Tired of…: - Come on, let’s go! I’m tired of waiting • Adj + at/on/to/from/in/with/for Good/bad/excellent/brilliant at…: - I’m not very good at maths Married/engaged to…: - Linda is married to an American Different from…: - The film was different from what I’d expected Interested in…: - Are you interested in art? Keen on…: - I’m keen on listening to music Dependent on… - I don’t want to be dependent on anybody Famous for… - Hanoi is famous for places of interest Responsible for… - Who was responsible for all that noise last night? Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai cho nghĩa giống câu thứ There were lots of tourists in the city centre The city centre was crowded …………… There was a lot of furniture in the room The room was full………………… I don’t like sport very much I’m not very keen………………………… We haven’t got enough time We’re a bit short………………… I’m not a very good tennis player I’m not very good ………………… Catherine’s husband is Russian Catherine is married……………………… I don’t trust Robert I’m suspicious …………………………… My problem is not the same as yours My problem is different……………… Bài tập 2: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống Our house is similar ……… yours Perhaps yours is a bit larger I’m tired……………doing the same things every day I need a change John has no money of his own He’s totally dependent …………his parents I don’t like going up ladders I’m afraid ……… heights Linda doesn’t look very well I’m worried ………….her Are you still upset ……… what I said to you yesterday? I was delighted ………………the present you gave me We’re all excited ……………going on holiday next week Bài tập 3: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống câu sau: The course begins ……….7 January and ends ……10 March I went to bed ……….midnight and got up ……… 6.30 the next morning We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ……….5 o’clock …….the morning Mozart was born in Salzburg ………1756 Are you doing anything special …………….the weekend? I haven’t seen Ann …………a few days I last saw her ……….Tuesday I’ll phone you ……… Tuesday morning…… 10 o’clock, okay? Tom’s grandmother died………1977………the age ……… 79 The price of electricity is going up ……… October 10 There are usually a lot of parties ………New Year’s Eve 11 I like walking round the town……….night 12 The telephone and the doorbell rang …….the same time 13 I waited for you ………half an hour and then decided that you weren’t coming 14 Production at the factory was seriously affected……….the strike 15 It can be dangerous when children play football ……… the street 16 I’ll meet you ………the corner (of the street) at 10 o’clock 17 Tom’s ill He wasn’t ……… work today He was …… home…….bed 18 Paul is a student ……… London University 19 I’ve just received an invitation……… a wedding next week 20.The cause…… the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown 21 Money isn’t the solution …….every problem 22 The company has rejected the workers’ demands ……….an increase… pay 23 Bill and I used to be good friends but I don’t have much contact ……….him now 24 I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply…… my letter 25 Do you know any songs ………the Beatles? 26 There was panic when people realized the building was …….fire 27 The shop assistant wouldn’t accept my cheque and insisted that I paid …….cash 28 When I was 14, I went ……….a trip to France organized by my school 29 We hadn’t arranged to meet We met … chance 30 It’s very nice ……you to let me use your car Thank you very much 31 I can’t understand people who are crucial ……….animals 32 Why you always get so annoyed ……….little things? 33 The people next door are annoyed …….us……making so much noise last night 34 We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed…… the hotel 35 I was surprised …….the way he behaved It was quite out of character 36 Did you know that Linda is engaged …….a friend of mine? 37 These days everyone is aware ……the dangers of smoking 38 Ann is fond…….her younger brother 39 Britain certainly isn’t famous ………its food 40 That man is very honst He isn’t capable …….telling a lie 41 Do you know anyone who might be interested ……….buying an old car? 42 The police are responsible ……….maintaining law and order 43 I’m sorry ………the smell in this room It’s just been painted 44 She hasn’t got a job She depends ……… her parents for money 45 Are you going to apologise ……….what you did? 46 Tom and I ran………each other in town yesterday afternoon 47 A football team consists ……….11 players 48 Do you belong…… a political party? 49 The accident was my fault, so I had to pay ……….the damage 50 Sally is often not well She suffers …………severe headaches [...]... paralyzed with fear Within 1 trong vòng: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer Without 1 không có: Do not leave without your coat; without money C.Động từ đi với giới từ • Verb + at Look/have a look/stare/ glance at…: nhìn vào/ nhìn chắm chằm vào - why are you looking at me like that? Laugh/smile at…:cười vào ai - Everyone will laugh at my haircut Aim/point (something) at….: nhằm vào, chỉ vào - Don’t point... about… - We talked about a lot of things at the meeting Chú ý: discuss something (không có giới từ) Care about something/something… - He’s selfish He doesn’t care about other people • Verb + for… Apply for (a job)….xin việc - I think this job would suit you Why don’t you apply for it? Wait for….chờ đợi - Don’t wait for me I’ll join you later Search (a person/aplac/a thing) for…tìm kiếm - I’ve searched... translated into many languages • Verb + with… Collide with….: đâm vào, va chạm - There was an accident this morning A bus collided with a car Fill something with … - Take this saucepan and fill it with water Provide/supply somebody with… - The school provides all its students with books Bài tập: Điền giới từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu (nếu cần thi t) 1 I’m not going out yet I’m waiting ………… the rain to... shouted to me from the other side of the street Throw something at somebody/something (đánh, đập ai/cái gì) - Somebody threw an egg at the minister Throw something to somebody (để cho ai bắt lấy) - Judy shouted “catch” and threw the key to me from the window Ask somebody for something: xin ai cái gì - He asked me for money Ask somebody to do something yêu cầu ai àm gì - He asked me to post the letter... only….but also… :không những…….mà còn… Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… Ví dụ: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well 5 Một số cấu trúc khác • In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money • On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không On no accout must this switch be touched • Only in this way: Chỉ... we (be) their servants 8 Nick is quite ready for the exam It looks as if he (prepare) everything 9 I wish it (not rain) heavily last Sunday 10 They are making so much noise It looks as if they (have) a party 11 If only I (be) rich now so that I (buy) this expensive car Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi 1 He appears to be running away from your fierce dog.–> It looks…………… 2 I would... 4 I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.–> It’s high time………… 5 I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.–> I really wish I…………… 6 Would you mind not smoking here?–> I’d rather……………… 7 Please don’t say things like that.–> I wish……………………… III.7 Câu đảo ngữ Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động... định từ • Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi) Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng từ này thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thi u và có thể chứa so sánh hơn Ví dụ: Never have I been more insulted! (Chưa bao giờ tôi bị lăng mạ hơn thế) Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion Seldom has he seen anything stranger (Hiếm khi anh... won't tie 8 You pass my door and you pass my gate however you won't get past my thirty-eight 9 My watch was new and my money too nevertheless she'd fled with both by morning 10 The teacher says the school board is a fool IV Thức giả định 1 “Wish” sentence A Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/wish somebody to do something I wish to pass the entrance exam I wish you happy birthday I wish you to become... định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you Bài tập1 : Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng 1 Bring him another if he (not/like) this one 2 She (be) angry if she (hear) this tomorrow 3 Unless you are more careful, you (have) an accident 4 If you (like), I (get) you a job in this company 5 If grandmother (be) 5 years younger, she (play) some games 6 If he sun ... glance at…: nhìn vào/ nhìn chắm chằm vào - why are you looking at me like that? Laugh/smile at…:cười vào - Everyone will laugh at my haircut Aim/point (something) at….: nhằm vào, vào - Don’t point... Dù hoàn cảnh không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money • On no account: Dù lý không On no accout must this switch be touched • Only in this way: Chỉ cách Only in this way could... about…/have a discussion about… - We talked about a lot of things at the meeting Chú ý: discuss something (không có giới từ) Care about something/something… - He’s selfish He doesn’t care about other