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Vlf'.N KHOA HOC XA HOI \ Iill NAM K^T QUA NGHIEN CtfU D f TAI _ a, » « DAO DlfC XA HOI NlfflC TA HIEN NAY - m ■ VAN DE VA GIAIPHAP Bao cao tom tat va kien nghi Chu nhiem de tai GS VS Nguyin Duy Quy H a N o i, thang 12-2004 CAC THANH VIEN THAM GIA TAI GS VS Nguy6n Duy Quy (chu nhidm d l tai) GS N guyin Dutc Bmh GS Vu KhiSu Ba Nguyin Thi Binh, nguyen Pho Chu tich nircfc Cong hoa xa h6i chu nghla Viet Nam GS TS N guyln Trong Chu^n GS TS Hoang Chi Bao GS TS Tr&i Van Bmh GS TS N guyin Van Huyen PGS TS Dang Canh Khanh 10 PGS TS L6 Quy Du;c 11 TS Tr&n Thi Thanh Thanh 12 PGS TS Nguyin Van Phuc 13 PGS TS Ho SI Quy 14 TS Pham Van Vang MUC LUC Trang Mor dau Phan thu: nhat Nhftng van de chung ve dao dtic xa hoi 10 I Dao dure xa h6i - n6i lo chung cua toan nhan loai 10 II Dao dure va phap tri d Viet Nam 11 TIT Dao dtic xa hoi dudri tac dong va anh htfcmg cua kinh te va chmh tri nu6c ta hien 17 Ph£n thu: hai Doi song dao dure xa hoi ta hien 20 I Dao dure cua can b6, dang vien va cong churc 20 II Dao dure lao dong va giao tiep 22 III Dao dure gia dinh 25 IV Dao dire cua nien 27 Phan thu: ba Khai quat ve thuc trang va nguyen nhan suy thoai dao dure xa hoi, phiromg hiring va giai phap xay dimg dao dure xa hoi or ta hien I Khai quat ve thuc trang va nguyen nhan suy thoai dao du:c xa h6i 30 30 A Thuc trang B Nguyen nhan II Phirong hudmg va giai phap xay dung dao dtic xa hoi or nudrc ta hi6n A Ve cac phuong hudmg 42 45 ^ B Ve cac giai phap III K€t luan 55 IV Mot so kien nghi 56 m dau I - TINH CAP THlffr Dao dvtc xd hoi d nude ta hien dang suy thoai nghiem trong, dang tr& tinh huong co van de phdt trien can phdi dua l&i cdnh bdo va khan truang nghien cim cac bien phap giai quyet Chung ta tien hanh c6ng cu6c doi mcti da g&n thap ky, da gdn mot thap ky di vao kinh te thi trucmg dinh hucmg XHCN va hien dang md rong hop tac song phuong va da phuong, dang chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te b6l canh toan cau hoa va kinh te tri thurc Kinh te thi trucmg v6i mat rich cue cua no da lam cho xa h6i trcr nen nang d6ng, phat trien No thuc sir la mot luc day quan doi v6i dan chu va dan chu hoa Xa h6i Viet Nam sau m6t thap ky d6i m6i (1986-1996) da khoi su tri tr6, khung hoang, da tao duoc ti^n d^ cho phat trien Xa h6i Viet Nam da khong nhung thich irng v6i co ch^ thi trucmg ma dang timg bu6c hinh the che kinh te thi trucrng, xay drnig nen kinh te thi trucmg dinh huefng XHCN Do la dieu hop vofi le tu nhien cua phat trien, phu hop v6i xu the phat trien cua xa h6i hi6n dai Thanh tmi tang trudng kinh te va phat trien xa hOi la dieu c&n duoc khang dinh Can bo, dang vien va nhan dan da co bu6c trucmg nen kinh te thi trudng Nang luc ca nhan va nang luc xa h6i duoc de cao va dang tiep tuc duoc trau d6i, ren luyen de thich ting, t6n tai, phat trien boi canh mdri, thdi cudc m6i, yeu cau m6i Song mat trai cua kinh te thi trucmg da tham nhap rat manh, cang manh va se tiep tuc gay gat hon ntra nhung thap ky t6i Nhung mat trai da cham duoc nhan thtic, cham phat hien, cham xir ly Hieu biet phien dien ve kinh te thi trucmg, dieu dang noi la kinh te thi trudng TBCN, dao dure va loi song tu san da khong duoc nghien curu day du, khong thay het nhung anh hucmg, tac dong tiSu cue cua no vao nu6c ta m a cira va hoi nhap da dan tori su xem nhe, coi thudng nhung dam bao dao d\xc va van hoa noi chung doi v6i xa hoi budc vao kinh te thi trucmg Nhung yeii kem quan ly kinh te va xa hoi, viec bu6ng long ki£m tra, kiem soat, giam sat cac hoat d6ng san xu&'t - kinh doanh, cac lmh vuc cua c6ng tac to chitc va can bo, k£ ca Dang va Nha nude da tao nen nhung ke cho mat trai cua kinh te thi trudng tham nhap va lung doan vao moi lmh vuc ddi s6ng xa h6i, ke ca chmh tri Phap luat lai khong d&y du, d6ng b6, kem hiSu luc va hi6u qua vdi khong ft nhung bieu hien cua su nhu nhuoc, su yeu kem cua nhung t6 churc, co quan co trach thi hanh, bao ve phap luat, su hu hong, thoai hoa cua mot bo phan can b6, dang vien, c6ng churc, co chu:c co quy^n Xir ly theo phap luat kh6ng nghiem minh Nguyen tic moi ngucri binh ding trucrc phap luat khong duoc thuc hien d&y du Tinh trang chang nhung lam suy yeu th i che, quyen dan chu cua moi ngudi dan va nguyen tac c6ng bang xa h6i bi vi pham, ma tao manh da't dung duong cho nhung hanh vi phan dao dure, nhurng cai ac, cai xa'u, cai gia, phi nhan tmh ton tai va phat trien M6i trudng dao due va nhan van xa hoi bi de doa nghi6m Giao due dao due, van hoa dao dure, nhat Id giao due truyen thong (bao gom truyen thong lich su dan tOc, truyen thong cach mang, truyen thong va ban sdc van hoa tinh than, dao dure ) bi xem nhe, tham chi da co luc bi bo D6ng tien len ngoi, loi song vu lcfi, vi ky, thuc dung, ton thd cac gia tri vat cha't, cac ti6n nghi tieu dung va hudng lac, su tr6i day cua chu nghTa ca nhan cue doan da Ian at va lam xoi mdn cac gia tri tinh thin, lam huy hoai dao dure, nhan each Hau qua la su xem nhe giao due dao dure va giao due truyen thong gay nen ma gid day xa hoi dang phai hurng chiu, phai tra gia dat Phat trien co nguy ca bien phan phat trien bdi su coi thudng dao dure va cac gia tri nen tang cua dao dure xa hoi di vao kinh te thi trudng Tinh trang thucmg mai hoa lmh vuc giao due, y te den mure nghiSm va gay nhung hau qua tai hai Dao dUc cua ngudi thay giao va ngu&i thay thuoc bi xam pham, lam van due, hoen o cac quan he ngudi, lam tha hoa nghiem ngudi, dao dticc va nhan cach Thucmg mai hoa tham nhap vao cac lmh vuc khac cua ddi sdng tinh thin: bao chi, van hoc nghe thuat, sang tac bieu di6n, cam thu va thudng thuc cac gia tri van hoa Hoat dong nghien ctiu va quan ly khoa hoc, cac quan he xa h6i ddi song cua gidi tri thtic cung co khong it nhung bieu hien thieu lanh manh, xa la vdi cac chudn muc van hoa, xa la vdi dao dure va nhan cach khoa hoc cua nhung ngudi tri thuc chan chinh vdi truyen thong dao ly va chan ly Co ch£ “xin - cho” tit kinh te va quan ly kinh t€ cung nhu quan ly nha nude noi chung khong duoc ngan chan, xoa bo da gay tac hai khon ludng, khong chi gay t6n that kinh te, d£y quan lieu - tham nhung von da la “qudc nan” va “trong b6nh” tCr bao lau tdi ch6 gay gat va trim hon ma lam bien dang cac quan h6 dao dure, xuy£n tac phuong thirc danh gia gia tri, lam 16ch lac cac dinh hudng gia tri, cach ting xti cua ngudi Mat mat tien cua vat chat la to ldn; mat mat ve dao dtic, ve cac gia tri tinh th£n ldn hon, nha't la su xuat hifn nguy co khung hoang tinh than, mat phuong hudng lua chon gia tri - mem tin va loi song d th£ h6 tre Ho dang ldn len, dang vao ddi va chudn bi vao ddi (thanh thi£u nien) ma khong biet tlm nhung di&n tua tinh than, tu tudng, nhung chu^n muc dao dtic va loi song d dau, vdi nhung tarn guong nao de noi theo Thoi dao dtic gia vdi nhung bieu hien cua no loi song, noi khong di doi vdi lam & khong it nhung ngudi ldn gia dinh, nha trudng, co quan, cong sd va d ngoai xa hoi da gay nhung phan cam nang ne ddi vdi ldp tre, lam cho ho ma't niem tin, ma't phuong hudng cudc sdng Dang ta cac Nghi quyet Dai h6i da tting nhan manh, phai giu vung dinh hudng XHCN ddi mdi, da canh bao nhung nguy co va thach thtic ddi vdi nude ta phat trien Trong nhung nguy co khong chi co nguy co tut hau va lac hau, quan lieu tham nhung ma co nguy co chech hudng XHCN va diin bien hoa binh Quan lieu, tham nhung da khong difng lai d nguy co ma dang trd m6t hien trang thuc te, bien, nghiem Vdi mtic “quoc nan” va “trong benh”, quan lieu - tham nhung da trd mot tinh hudng chinh tri xd hoi, thach thtic su mat, cdn cua che Dao dire xa hdi suy thoai vdi nhung tieu cue, te nan, tdi pham; nhung hi6n tucmg khdng chi gia tang ma tr&m ve miic va hau qua Doi tuong gay toi ac khong chi la nhung ke du thu du thuc, dam thue chem mudn, hanh xir theo kieu luat rittig va xa hoi den ma la nhung ke da tifng duoc hoc hanh, duoc dao tao, co hoc van va van bang cao, dang hanh nghe c6ng churc va co churc vu co quan nha nude Doi tuong bi hai khong chi la dan thucmg ma la cac cdng clitic co chirc vu cao co quan kinh te, phap luat yeu d thu d6 Ha Noi Nhung thu doan gay tdi ac lai het sire da man, tan bao, dam ban nang thu tinh Hi6n trang dao dure suy thoai gay nhurc nhoi cho xa hdi, lam cho long dan khdng y£n, xa hdi ti6m in nhung mat 6n dinh An ninh xa hdi va an toan cuoc sdng bi de doa Nhung bilu hi6n churng to rang, dii da khoi lam phat va khung hoang kinh te ttr nam 1996, nhung gic/ day ducmg nhu chung ta lai dang roi vao mot trang thai khung hoang mod ve mat dao diic, tinh thdn xa hoi, tur nhung vo, phan gia dinh (ly hon va ly than, xung dot th£ he) den nhung giam sut nghiem vai tro va y nghia cua dao du;c quan h6 ngudi cac co quan, cong scr, Dang, chinh quyen, cac to chirc doan the cua h6 thong chinh tri Phai chang dang co su chenh hudng XHCN ve dao du;c va van hoa phai chang chung ta dang ba't luc, kh6ng kiem soat duoc cac hi6n trang va tinh hudng dao dure hien xa h6i? Lanh dao Dang d tat ca cac cap cung chua thay het, chua ludng het su nghiem va hau qua kh6n ludng cua tinh trang suy thoai dao dure xa h6i Day thuc su la mot hilm hoa ddi vdi xa h6i hien ma cung la hiem hoa ddi vdi cac the h6 tuong lai, ddi vdi su phat trien lau b6n cua xa h6i ta mai sau Tinh hudng dao dure xa hoi nhu vay, khong th i khong ddi hoi chung ta phai suy nghl nghi&m tuc va danh gia vdi tinh than phe phan thuc su cfiu thi ve tinh hinh dao dtic Dang, dpi ngu can bo dang vien va cong chtic nha nud’c va dao dtic xa hoi noi chung, nhat la Dang da & vao vi the Dang cam quyen Da den luc phai nghien curu, danh gia va tim kiem nhung giai phap ve tinh hudng dao dure Da den luc phai chan chinh dao dure xa h6i, khong phai chi bang giao due ma phai bang stfc manh cua t6 chirc quan ly cua Nha nude, dac biet la nhieng dinh hudng dao dtic su lanh dao cua Dang doi vdi xd hdi M6t Nghi quyet cua Dang cho van d l da trcr n6n c&n thiet, btic xuc Nghien ctiu d l dua lai nhting luan chung khoa hoc va de xu£t cac giai phap nham giai quyet nhung van d£ c£p bach cua dao dure xa hoi nude ta, kien nghi vdi lanh dao Dang sdm mot nghi quyet ve dao dure xa hoi - la vi6c lam c&n thiet va cap bach hien II - MUC TlfcU VA NHlfeM VU NGHlfcN CUU M uc tieu Nghien ctiu tai nham danh gia dung thuc trang dao dtic xa hoi ta hien nay, tren co so kien nghi vdi Dang va Nha nude thuc hi6n nhung giai phap co ban va cap bach de khac phuc tinh trang suy thoai cua dao dtic xa h6i va xay dung n£n dao dtic m6i XHCN nu6c ta Nhiem vu D l thuc hien muc tieu neu tren, de tai tap trung giai quyet nhung nhiem vu sau day: 2.1 Lam ro thuc trang dao dtic xa h6i ta hien du6i anh hudng va tac dong cua kinh te thi trucmg, cua xa hoi thcri ky qua dang d6i mcfi va h6i nhap quoc te 2.2 Phan tfch nhung nguyen nhan dan tori tinh trang suy thoai dao dtic xa hoi, xu hudng bien doi va nhung van de dang dat cua ddi song dao dtic a nude ta 2.3 D6 xuzft nhung giai phap khac phuc su suy thoai dao dtic xa h6i va xay dung dao dtic XHCN d nude ta 2.4 Ki6'n nghi vdi Dang va Nha nude ve viec giao due va thuc hanh dao dtic theo tu tuong dao dtic cach mang cua Ho Chi Minh, dac biet can bo dang vien cua Dang, doi ngu can bo, cong chtic Nha nude va the he tre b nude ta III - PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUlJ Do tmh chat cua de tai la m6t de tai nghien cun tong ket thuc tiin nham phdt hien nhung van de bite xuc nhat va tim kiem cac giai phap thiet thuc nhat de chan chinh tinh trang dao dtic hien dang suy thoai nghiem va xay dung dao dtic XHCN d nude ta nen qua trinh trien khai de tai can dac biet luu y cac van de sau day thudc phuong phap tiep can, phuong phap nghien ctiu va phuong phap trinh bay : TiSp can: - Tu" thuc tiin dao dtic xd hoi dang diin hien dudi tac dong cua cac nhan 16: kinh te, chmh tri, van hoa va xa hoi d nude cung nhung anh huong tvr ben ngoai vao ddi song dao dure d nude ta - Tti nhung mau thudn va nghich ly phat trien kinh te - xa hoi da anh hudng true tiep tdi dao due va ddi s6ng dao dtic xa hoi ta hi6n - Til truyen thong va ban sac van hoa dao dtic cua dan toe duoc ket tinh vd phdt trien t&i dinh cao dao dtic, loi song, nhan cach Ho ChiM inh - Tir xu hudng bien doi cua dao dtic vd vai trd cua dao dtic su phdt trien cua xd hoi hien dai, boi canh toan c&u hoa va kinh te tri thirc - Lua chon hudng tiep can tren day phu hop vdi quan diem he thong, thuc tiin vd phdt trien nham lam sang to nhung gia thiet khoa hoc duoc coi la diem tua ly luan vd phuong phap ludn nghien ctiu cua de tai Nhung gia thiit la: * Nhom gia thiet thti nhat: Dao dtic la mot dong luc cua phdt trien - Dong luc phat trien cua xa h6i, dac biet la phat trien bin vung kh6ng chi la kinh t£ ma la dao dtic va van hoa dao dtic - De xa h6i roi vao tinh trang suy thoai dao dtic la tu danh mat mot nguon von xd hoi cuc ky quan ddi vdi phat trien Su suy thoai dao dtic dong thdi la su tha hoa cua ngudi va cac quan he ngudi No tiem £n stic manh pha hoai kinh te va lam d6 vd ca che d6 chinh tri Muc tieu phat trien bi chech hudmg, bi bien dang phan phat trien * Nhom gid thiet thii: hai: Dam bdo dao dtic cua kinh te thi trudng - Di vao kinh te thi trucmg can phai dac biet chu tori phap luat va dao dtic Do la hai nhan to bao dam cho xa hoi phat trien ma khong danh mat nhan tinh No co the lam giam thieu tai mtic thap nhat nhung t6n thuang xa hdi tac ddng mat trai cua kinh te thi trucmg gay - Phap luat phai trd tinh quy dinh va cdng cu kiem soat su giau co va hanh vi ca nhan Dao dtic phai duac xem la mot thudc khong the thieu hoat ddng san xujft - kinh doanh, la nguyen tac vd chuan muc chi phdi ngudi hanh vi, hoat dong, loi song hang - Di vao kinh te thi trudng ma phap luat, ky cuang bi bu6ng long, dao dtic bi xem nhe va coi thudng thi xa hoi tat phai hting chiu nhung hau qua tai hai cua mot chu nghia tu ban hoang da, tan bao vd phi nhan * Nhom gid thiet thti ba: Xay dung xd hoi hien dai vdi dao dtic vd van hoa cao - Xa hoi cang phat trien tdi trinh van minh va hien dai thi vai trd cua dao dure cang noi bat, cang dugc d l cao Su giau co v£ cua cai vat chat tang trudng kinh te dem lai, su tien bo cua khoa hoc- ky thuat va cong nghe phai di lien vdi su hoan thien cua ddi sdng dao dtic va tinh th&n cua ca nhan va cong d6ng - Quan ly xa hoi bang phap luat va theo phap luat la m6t ddi hoi ta't yeu nhung chua du Xa hoi hi6n dai dong thdi phai la mdt xa hoi dao dtic, van minh va van hoa Do Id mot xd hoi van hoa cao, noi bat vai trd va tac dung cua van hoa dao dtic viec to chtic ddi sdng xa hoi va hudng dan hanh vi, loi sdng cua tting ca nhan - Xa hoi hien dai khong choi bo truyen thong No ti€Tp bien va phat trien tit truyen thong Nhung tinh hoa, ban sac cua truyen thdng, nhat la truyen thdng dao dtic va van hoa phai duac lam sdng dong than cua ngudi Trung Quoc Viet Nam ta thi can phai tap trung phe phan va khac phuc cai gi dang t6n tai chung ta va dang can trd chung ta vucrn len Giai quyet tot cac van de xa hoi kinh te thi trudng a Cac nhd kinh dien cua chu nghia Mac vd Chu tich Ho Chi Minh rdt quan tam den cac vdn de xd hoi, vdn de ngudi, vi lam cach mang rut cuc la vi ngudi, vi su giai phong, phat trien va hoan thidn ngudi Chu nghia tu ban co the vi loi nhuan, vi su phat trien va tang trudng kinh te ma bo qua ddi sdng cua dai da sd quin chung nhan dan Chu nghia xa hdi khdng cho phep chung ta lam dilu do, khong dugc phep hy sinh cai xa hdi cho cai kinh te Chung tdi nghi rang phdi tren tinh than de rd soat lai chien lupc kinh te - xd hoi cua dat nude Mdt dat nude muon cdng nghiep hoa, hi£n dai hoa thi phai tap trung xay dung co sd vat chat tot, hien dai Nhung tinh hinh da't nude cdn ngheo, bd phan rat ddng cdn sdng dudi mtic trung binh, cd mdt bd phan cdn r£t ngheo kh6, thi can can nhde viec diu tu ngan sach cho xay dung ket cau ting bao nhieu thi vira V I van d l nay, chung ta nen nhd lai mot tu tudng rat quan cua Chu tich H6 Chi Minh tai Hoi nghi Bo Chmh tri 30-7-1962, ban v l k l hoach nam lin thu: nha't (1960-1965), budc dau tien hanh cdng nghifp hoa XHCN Bac noi: "Ta phai tmh cach nao, neu can cd th i giam mdt phin xay dung d l giai quylt vin d l an va mac cua quin chung dugc td't hon nua, diimg d l cho tinh hinh ddi so'ng cang thang qua Nha may cung cin cd them, cd sdm, nhung can hon ca la ngudi, la su pha'n khdi cua quin chung Lam cho quin chung hilu dung chu nghia xa hdi"(1) b Bdo dam nguyen tdc cdng bang xd hoi Nguyen tie cdng bang xa hoi vira la ban cha't cua c h i XHCN, vira la dao ly cua dan toe Vi pham nguyen tac dd la di chech quy dao cua che dd chmh tri ma chung ta dang hudng tdi va se tao su b it binh quin chung Khi ldng dan khdng ydn thi kho ma noi den 6n dinh chmh tri, phat trien kinh te Nhung dilm nong da va dang xua't hien dlu lien quan tdi trang thai b it binh dd: Trong nhiiu noi, dac biet d nong thdn, m iln nui ba cdn rat thieu thd'n thi mdt so' ngudi giau len nhanh chong Trong sd' dd, ( 1) H6 Chi Minh, Bien nien tieu si?, tap 8, Nxb CTQG, 1996, tr.272 46 so ngudi lam an chfnh dang khong nhiiu Dai b6 phan la lam an bat chmh: hoac kinh doanh phi phap, hoac lai dung churc quyen de tham nhung Dang chu y la da xuat hien su lien minh ma quy giua ke lam an phi phap vdi nhung quan chtic Nha nude bi tha hoa va thoai hoa - Chmh sach tien luong, trg c£p va bao hilm xa hoi dang la nhung va'n d l btic xtic, tac d6ng xa'u den tam tu, tinh cam cua dai da so can bo dang vi6n Cho din luong vln khong du s6'ng Trong m6t bo phan co chtic co quyln, ngoai luong lai dugc hudng cac khoan b6ng loc la'y tti ngan sach nha nude Cac khoan bdng 16c lai kh6ng dugc c6ng khai d l moi ngudi ro D ilu dd da dan tdi c h i d6 dac quyln dac Igi m6t bo phan can bo dang vien Ngudi ta tmh rang khoan bong 16c dd cd cao hang tram ldn so vdi luong - Hi6n cac hoat dong giao due - dao tao, y te, dang trd ganh nang do'i vdi moi gia dinh Su quan ly cua nha nude, da to bat cap Mot hien tugng khong binh thudng da xua't hien: cha't lugng giao due - dao tao va y te giam stit nghiem trong su ddng gop cua ngudi dan binh thudng, cua m6i gia dinh vao cac hoat dong dd da tang d in mtic qua stic chiu dung cua ngudi dan Trong tinh hinh hien nay, quyln dugc hoc tap va quyln dugc chua benh cua m6t b6 phan cac gia dinh cd thu nhap thap da kh6ng dugc bao dam V I va'n d l nen nghien ctiu kinh nghiem cua Cuba: suot ma'y chuc nam qua, tinh hinh bi ca'm van, kinh te rat kho khan, ngudi dan Cuba van dugc m iln phi hoc tap va chua benh Hon th i nua, nln giao due va y te d Cuba van phat trien d trinh cao so vdi the gidi c Chan nen kinh te thi trudng, khac phuc xu hudng thuang mai hoa dang gia tang cac linh vuc xa h6i, ke ca linh vuc ddi sd'ng tinh than Kinh te thi trudng la ta't yeu khach quan cua su phat trien kinh tl Nhung ngoai tmh tich cuc, nang ddng v6'n la dac diem cua tu kinh te thi trudng, thi kinh te thi trudng lu6n cd mat trai, mat ti£u cue Neu khong sdm nhan thtic va cd bien phap khac phuc, thi tac hai la kho ludng, dac biet linh vuc xa hoi Budc vao kinh t l thi trudng luc chung ta chua cd nhan thtic d£y du, toan dien v l nln kinh te dd, dilu dd dan tdi tinh trang khong phai chting ta lam chu kinh te thi trudng, ma nhiiu trudng hgp, kinh te thi trudng thao tting chting ta Cd phai kinh te thi trudng d nude ta hien vtn mang tmh tu phat va hoang so kh6ng? Hi6n tugng tro'n thue, buon ban hang gia, hang doc hai (dung hoa chat doc de bao quan 47 thirc pham, che bien ca noc nude mdm ), lan chiem he lam cira hang, rut tien ngan sach, tien vay cua ngan hang de lam an phi phap co le cung la hien tugfng ft tha'y d cac quoc gia khac VI vay, chung tdi kien nghi: nhan dip Dang to churc tong ket thuc tiin 20 nam d6i mdi, nen co mot tam danh gia that chfnh xac thuc chat cua nen kinh te thi trudng nude ta hi6n Tren co sd dd tiing budc hoan chinh mot he thdng cac chfnh sach, chu truang, luat phap, nham xay dung mot nin kinh te thi trudng lanh manh, loai bo nhung ung nhot dang de doa ddi sdng dan toe d Su suy thoai ve tu tudng, dao ditc, loi song mot bo phan khong nhd cdn bo, ddng vien va ngoai xa hdi dang du bao nhung va'n de xa hdi cuc ky nghiem va tat nhien no se dan den va'n d i chfnh tri Ngoai nhung dinh hudng ve cac chfnh sach kinh te xa hdi da trinh bay d tren, cdn nhung quyet sach ldn v i van hoa Nhin lai nam qua thuc hien NQTU* v i van hoa, ben canh nhung tuu, cdn tdn tai kha nhiiu va'n d i btic xuc Su suy thoai v i tu tudng dao dure, loi song van tiep diin Dung la nhung nam qua kinh te chung ta cd tang trudng, chi sd' HDI dugc nang cao (bao cao cua UNDP nam 2003) Nhung phan tfch sau hon cac van d i kinh t i - xa hoi, thi cdn ngdn ngang nhiiu vdn di Kinh te cd tang trudng, nhung chua vung chac, chu yeu vdn su ddu tu tti vd'n va cdng nghe nude ngoai va su can cu lao dong cua quan chung nhan dan, hieu sua't dong vd'n giam - diiu dd la su bao hieu dang lo ngai Chung ta cdn thiiu nhting chu truang chfnh sach nham phat huy siic manh cua noi luc, dac biet chua khai thac td't tai nguydn cha't xam nude va cua kiiu bao ta d nude ngoai Dd la mdt lang phf ldn Cung cdn thdy them rang cung vdi su tang trudng kinh te thi su chenh lech giua cac vung m iin, giua cac tdng ldp v i thu nhap, v i hudng thu cac gia tri xa hoi cung tang theo Xu hudng thuang mai hoa tren hai linh vuc quan trong: giao due - dao tao, y te vdn gia tang, vira tao ganh nang cho tdt ca phu huynh, hoc sinh, ngudi benh, gia dinh ngudi benh, vira tac dong xdu den dao dtic xa hoi, dac biet dd'i vdi the he tre Dai hoi ldn thii IX cua Dang ket luan: kinh te la trung tam, xay dung Dang la then chdt Dd la ket luan quan trong, vi hai linh vuc dang noi len nhung vdn d i btic xuc cdn tap trung giai quyet Nhung su 48 suy thoai v l tu tudng, dao dire, loi song, su thap kem ve dan tri phai chang cung dang la ndi lo chung cua toan xa hoi, cua m6i gia dinh, dang de doa su t6n tai cua che dd chung ta Khdng tap trung xay dung cac gia tri van hoa, khdng coi van hoa la dong luc, muc tieu cua su phat trien kinh te, thi lieu kinh te co phat triln lanh manh, bln vung va dung hudfng khdng? V l xay dung Dang cung vay Thuc chat cua Nghi quylt ldn la dua cac gia tri van hoa vao Dang, cac 16 chtic va sinh hoat dang, mdi dang vien, de Dang thuc su trd "tri tu6, danh du va luang tam cua thdi dai chung ta” nhu Lenin da day Vi vay chting tdi kien nghi xac dinh lai quan dilm tren mot cach day du han: "phdt trien kinh te Id trung tam, xay dung Ddng la then chot, vdn hoa Id nen tang tinh than" Do phai la chan kieng vung chac nham xay dung va phat trien dat nudfc Hay nhd lai mdt tu tudng quan cua Lenin cach chting ta g&n 80 nam: cang di vao xay dung XHCN, chting ta cang thay cai thieu hut ldn nhat cua chung ta la van hoa Cd lien quan den van d l van hoa la thai ddi vdi gidi tri thtic (bao gdm cac nha khoa hoc va van nghe si ldn) Cha ong ta da day "Hiln tai la nguyen cua quoc gia, nguyen thinh thi dat nude manh r6i len cao, nguyen suy thi da't nude yeu roi xuong thap" Dang da thay vai tro cua tri thtic su nghiep CNH, HDH, da khang dinh su lien minh giua cdng nhan, ndng dan va gidi tri thtic Dd la tu tudng mdi so vdi trudc Nhung kho khan cd le d chd cach phat hi6n hiln tai va che chfnh sach ddi vdi hiln tai Phai chang cdng tac t6 chtic can bo hien nay, chung ta chi quen di tim ngudi tai d Dang Da thudng le, chung ta chi d l bat nhung ngudi Dang, tham chf ca'p uy vao cac chtic vu lanh dao quan ly Mudn lam giam ddc Sd phai la tinh uy vien, mudn lam Bd trudng phai la uy vien Trung uang Da vao cap uy thi cd the lanh dao bat cti nganh nao V l van d l nay, chung ta nen trd v l vdi quan niem cua Lenin va cua Bac Ho Nam 1913, thu gtii cho nha van vd san M.Gorki, Gorki dang di chua benh d nude ngoai, Lenin viet: "Khi dugc tin la cd mdt ngudi bonsevfeh, du la cuu Bonsevfch, chua benh cho dong chf bang phuong phap mdi, noi that la tdi het stic lo ngai Cau gidi cho ddng chf thoat khoi tay nhung nha bac si - ddng chf noi chung, nhung 49 nha bac si - Bonsevfch noi rieng! Thuc the, 99 100 trudng hop thi cac bac si - d6ng chf deu la "nhung lira" nhu Idi mdt bac si gioi da co ldn bao toi nhu the Toi doan chic vdi dong chf ring, chua benh (trti nhung trucmg hop lat vat) thi chi nen chua or nhung bac danh y bac nhat ma thoi Lay than minh thu nghiem nhung phat minh cua ngudi bdn sS vfch - dilu that la kinh khung"(2) Nam 1913, giua Ban bi£n tap bao "Su that" va Demian Bet - nui, mot nha van, nha tho co tai xay mau thudn Ban bien tap co y dinh khdng tiep tuc cdng tac vdi D.Bet-nui Biet duoc dilu do, Lenin da viet thu cho Ban bi£n tap bao "Su that" nhu sau: "Doi vdi D.Bet-nui, toi van tiep tuc ung ho Cac ban a, cac ban dimg b it be xet net doi vdi nhung ch6 yeu cua ngudi! Tai nang la dieu hilm Can phai nang no mdt cach thudng xuyen va than Toi Idi se de nang len linh hon cac ban, mdt tdi 16i ldn (mdt tram ldn ldn hon "nhung tdi Idi" ca nhan khac nhau, n£u cd nhung toi Idi nhu vay) trudc phong trao dan chu cdng nhan, n£u cac dong chf khdng loi keo duoc mdt cong tac viSn tai nang nhu the, khong giup anh ay Nhung xung dot vira r6i la nho, cdn cdng viec mdi la trong"(3) G Viet Nam ta, sau cach mang thang cdng, Chu tich Ho Chf Minh da g£ri thu khan thiet de nghi dong bao cac dia phuong tiin cur nhung ngudi hien tai giup nude, va keu goi cac bac nhan si tri thtic nude va kieu bao ta d nude ngoai ganh vac viec nude Dap ting Idi keu goi cua Bac, nhiiu nhan si tri thtic va ngoai nude da tham gia khang chien va da duoc dung, ke ca nhung ngudi trudc day da tham gia bo may cua trieu dinh Du la nhan si, trf thtic ho vdn duoc bo nhiem vao cac chtic vu cao: Chu tich uy ban thudng vu Quoc hoi, chu tich nude, thu tudng, bo trudng Mai den sau nay, vao nhung nam 60 cac vi dd vdn giu nhung chtic vu cao va da hoan xuat sic nhiem vu cua minh B CAC GlAl PHAP Dang ta la Dang cam quyen nhat, chiu trach nhiem trudc toan bo nhung van de dai cua dat nirdc Vi vay, de ngan chan su suy thoai dang diln ra, phai b it ddu tti viec xay dung, chinh don Dang (2) V.I.Lfinin, Toan tap, Nxb Tien b6, Matxccrva, 1981, tap 48, tr.290-291 (ban tieng V iet) (}> V.I Lenin, Toan tap, Nxb Tien bd, Matxccrva, 1981, tap 48, tr.237-238 (ban tiling Viet) 50 a Van de dau tien la phai thuc hien nghi&m chinh nguyen tic tu phe binh va phe binh Bo rai nguyen tac thi moi hoat dong cua Dang co nguy co bi te liet Trong tinh hinh hien nay, neu thuc hien phe va tu phe noi bd, theo kilu dong cOra bao nhau, thi chi la vi6c lam chieu le, khong the dat ket qua nhu ta mong mudn Phai co su tham gia mot cach co to chtic cua quan chung Bac H6 day: "Dang ta anh vi dan tdc ta anh hung" Cdn co mot co che bao dam cho nhan dan duoc tham gia thudng xuyen va cd t6 chirc vao viec xay dung, chinh ddn Dang, vi nhan dan ta cd truyen thdng coi Dang la cua minh Cd nhieu viec, to chtic khong biet hoac biet chua ro, nhung nhan dan thi biet rdt ro D l tao nen sinh cho hoat dong ph£ va tu phe cung nhu cho cdng tac xay dung va chinh ddn Dang, mdi ddng vien nen tu kiem diem ve trach nhiem cua minh doi vdi su suy thoai ve tinh than dang diin ra, cac uy vien T lf se tien hdnh phe binh vd tu phe binh mot cdch that nghiem tuc (cd su ddng gop y kien cua cac tdng ldp cu dan thong qua Uy ban T.U* Mat tran Td quoc Viet Nam) Day la dip de cac can bo cao cdp cua Dang cd dip nhin lai ban than minh, khang dinh nhting dilu minh da lam duoc va nhting dilu chua lam duoc, chd manh chd yeu cua minh, qua dd giai dap mot cach cong khai cac du luan xa hdi v l minh Chung tdi nghi rang nhan dan ta rat tin yeu Dang va rat rdng luong, sSn sang bd qua nhung sai 1dm thilu sot cua can bd dang vien, neu can bd dang vien tu giac nhan duoc chd ylu dd va cd bi6n phap khac phuc Lam duoc nhu vay thi chic chin Trung uong se neu guong cho Dang bo cac cdp va cho toan Dang ve tinh thdn phe binh va tu ph6 binh, de den Dai hoi X chung ta cd the khang dinh rang Dang ta da cd mot budc tiin mdi xay dung va chinh ddn Dang b Ve cdng tdc cdn bo Ben canh nhung tuu ma ta da dat ducfc, su y lu kem cdng tac t6 chtic va chfnh sach can bd hien cd nguyen nhan bao trum la su suy ylu v l tu tudng, dao dtic, loi sdng cua mot bd phan khdng nhd cd chtic cd quyln Ngoai cdn cd mot sd nguyen nhan cdn duofc khic phuc hoac xem xet lai: Co che “xin - cho” khong chi tdn tai viec cdp kinh phf, du an ma cdn ca cdng tac can bo Tham chf cd luc khong chi la xin cho ma la mua ban Tti dd ndy sinh hien tuong mua quan, ban chtic Neu hien tugng khdng duac cham dut thi nhieu ice ca hoi, ke bat tdi se chui vdo bo may cua Ddng vd Nhd nude De khic phuc te nan dd ddi hdi phai that su cdng khai, dan chu d l bat sir dung, 51 phai quy dinh that ro trach nhiem cua ngudi dting gidri thieu va bao lanh (ai tien cti dung thi duoc bieu duong, tien cti sai thi bi xir ly) - Van de tre hoa ddi ngu can bo lanh dao quan ly Ve nguyen tac, noi tre hoa la dung, nhung phai kem theo nhung dieu kien cu thi: n6n quy dinh ro loai can bd nao Kinh nghiem or nude ta va cua the gidri chi rang nhung nha chinh tri d cdp vi mo va nhung nha khoa hoc ddu nganh deu la nhung ngudi da tich luy ducrc rdt nhiiu tri thtic va kinh nghiem ma nhung ngudi tre tudi khdng d i gi thay the Co nhting ngudi ma tu gia di theo nam thang, nhung khong ft ngudi vln giti duoc tmh nang dong sang tao tudi gia Khau hieu tre hoa d6i ngu can bo lanh dao, quan ly hien nay, v6 hinh trung lay thudrc nhat la nam sinh, tudi ddi va bo qua cac tieu chuan co ban dtic, tai - Can co quy che cu the v i trach nhiem dd'i vdi cac can bo chu chdt: lanh dao cao nhat cua mot nganh, mot dia phuong, neu de xdy nhieu tieu cuc yeu kem va nhung tdn that ldn nganh va dia phuong minh thi budc phai tti chtic, neu khdng, phai cach chtic Hau nhu quoc gia nao cung deu lam nhu vay Ve cai cach tien luorng Day la van de rat nhay cam, tac dong tdi toan bo cac hoat dong xa hoi Khdng xir ly td't van de thi cung d i sinh nhieu hien tuong tieu cuc Giai quyet td't tiin luong se tao nen dong luc cho su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, va la mot bien phap quan khac phuc su suy thoai dang diln - Luong phai du sd'ng va nudi duoc gia dinh - Luong phai cdng bang va cdng khai Thuc hien nghi quyet Dai hdi IX v i tiin te hoa tiin luong se tiet kiem duoc khoan ngan sach kha ldn va la'y lai ldng tin cho nhan dan va dai da sd' can bo dang vien - Nen cd thang luong va c h i dai ngo ri£ng cho nhung nha chuy6n mon gioi, nhting nha khoa hoc ddu nganh, nhung van nghe si ldn, vi day la vd'n quy, la tai san quo'c gia Thuc hien nghiem tuc nguyen tac dan chu hoa ddi song Bac H6 day: "Thuc hanh dan chu rdng rai la chia khoa van nang de giai quyd't cac kho khan" Can cd co che, luat phap bao dam cho cac co quan dan cir thuc su la dai di6n cho tieng noi cua da so nhan dan, (Jo nhan dan tu giac lira chon Tranh ap dat bdu cti Phat huy quyin dan chu cung cd nghia la thuc thi quyin giam sat cua nhan dan dd'i vdi cac co quan, cac to chtic, cac can bd Dang va Nha nude Dan chu phai di ddi vdi phap luat va thuc hi6n theo quy dinh cua luat phap Ki6n 52 quyet loai bo nhung cach lam chi mang tmh dan chu hinh thufc Chi co long tin y&u nhan dan mcii du sang suot tao nen nhung ca che, chfnh sach thuc su dan chu Tap trung xay dung phap luat va y thirc tuan thu phap luat can bo, dang vien va nhan dan Xa hoi muon 6n dinh, co ky cuong, doi hoi phai co phap luat va m6i ngudi phai co y thurc tuan thu phap luat Phap luat va dao dtic la hai c6t chdng da cho sir binh yen cua xa hoi Dang da neu chu truang xay dung Nha nude phap quyln xa hoi chu nghia la rat dung Nhung hien nay, mot mat luat phap ta thieu, mat khac y thtic tim hieu va tuan thu phap luat nhan dan rdt thap Dang chu y la can bo dang vi&n cung coi nhe phap luat Viec "xti ly noi bd" ma ta hay dung, thuc chat la coi thucmg phap luat tti cac t6 chtic Dang va Nha nude Phap luat dugc dinh khong chi d l ngudi dan chap hanh, ma nhting ngudi soan thao, phe chuan phap luat cung phai chap hanh Can bo cang co chtic vu cao cang phai guong mdu chap hanh phap luat Ngay thdi phong kien trudc day d nudfc ta, cung da xuat hien nhung 6ng vua, nhting quan dai than rdt guong mdu vi6c tuan thu nhting quy dinh cua luat phap Tdm guong cua ho lu6n dugc luu truyin sir sach Ban Chdp hanh T.LT nen soat lai va loai bo nhting cach lam, nhung quy dinh trai vdi phap luat, hoac khong Igi cho vi6c giao due y thtic phap luat quan chting T ap tru n g chan chinh va nang cao hieu qua cac hoat dong giao due - dao tao va y te Hai lmh vuc li£n quan true tiep din nhting quyln Igi ca ban cua ngudi Ifu viet cua mot che cung a day Neu coi phat triln va hoan thien ngudi la muc tieu cao nhdt cua cach mang, neu coi ddu tu cho ngudi la ddu tu thong minh va b ln vting nhdt, thi cdn tang ngan sach ddu tu cho hai linh vuc giao due - dao tao va y te (lay tti nguon ngan sach, tti phat hanh cdng trai nhan dan, tti viec h6 trg cua cac doanh nghi6p, cua cac tap doan san xuat va tti vdn vay nude ngoai) Vdi kinh phf chting ta se tting budc hien dai hoa cac ca sd giao due - dao tao va y te, se tra luang tuang ddi cao cho thdy giao, thdy thuoc Tren ca sd dd se thiet lap ky cuong, tinh thdn trach nhiem cua doi ngu cac thdy giao, thdy thuoc va tting budc xay dung lai uy tin cua ho xa hdi Nhung dilu quan hon la cac cdp uy Dang, cac cdp chfnh quyln va ca xa hdi cdn xem day la “quoc sach hang ddu” va tap trung chi dao, quan ly va cham lo thtic ddy manh me han 53 Xay dung, cung co gia dinh va trudng hoc Day la hai moi trucmg chu yeu dao tao nhan cach ngudi tir tu6i du tha Hai m6i trudng hien dang sa sut m6t cach nghiem trong, tac dong xa'u ddn thd he tre, de doa su binh y&n cua xa h6i Ky cuong gia dinh, nha trucmg, uy tm cua cac bac cha me va thdy co bi suy giam M6t nguyen nhan quan la ngudi ldn thieu guong mau, mat khac, xa hoi thieu nhung chd tai cdn thiet de xay dung cung cd gia dinh va trudng hoc Truyen th6'ng hieu thao gia dinh, t6n su dao nha trudng vdn la di san quy bau cua cha 6ng truyen lai, cdn dugc bao ve va phat huy, phat triln Cdn sit dung sire manh cua du luan xa hoi va cua phap luat d l xay dung cung cd gia dinh va trudng hoc Da xudt hien nhiiu hien tugng nguy kich, rdt hiem co lich sir: cai giet bd me, kien bd me toa, hoc trd danh chdt co giao, thdy giao, can bo xa ngang nhien bat troi thdy c6 giao tai nha trudng P h at dong m ot cuoc van dong lota tir Dang, cac ca quan Nha nude va toan xa hoi ve thuc hien loi sdng nhan ai, lanh m anh, tiet kiem Noi dung cua cuoc van d6ng la giao due tinh thuang va tinh thdn trach nhi6m giua ngudi vdi ngudi, chong cac te nan xa hoi, chdng truang, xa hoa Can b6, dang vifin va gia dinh can bo dang vi£n phai di tidn phong cuoc van dong Tumg budc hinh mot thoi quen: cac can bo, dac bi6t la can b6 chu chdt, can b6 cdp cao thudng xuyen den vdi dan, gap go nhan dan Phai coi den vdi dan nhu den vdi ngudi than, di ve cac dia phuong, cac ca sd nhu di ve nha minh Kien quyet loai bo cac hinh thtic don tiep co tmh truang, vira lang phf, vira tao su xa cach vdi dan Cdn xac dinh: can bo di ve ca sd la de hieu dan, hoc dan va tti d l lanh dao nhan dan dugc tdt han Do se la bi6n phap rdt tdt d l khoi phuc lai mdi quan he trudc day gitia Dang vdi dan nhu ca vdi nude, d l khac phuc te quan li£u, ctia quyln, khac phuc nguy ca tha hoa mdt b6 phan kh6ng nho can bd, dang vi£n 54 III KET LUAN Ngay nay, sir suy thoai dao dtic di liln vdi qua trinh hien dai hoa dang la mdt thuc te va la vdn d l btic xtic ma ca nhan loai het stic lo ldng, quan tam Vdfi vide chuyen sang nln kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN, ddy manh cdng nghidp hoa, hi6n dai hoa, xa hdi ta da trd n6n nang dong va phat triln hon bao gid het Nhting tmi v l tang trudng kinh t€ va phat trien, thuc hien cdng bang xa hdi da va dang dugc khang dinh Nang luc ca nhan va xa hdi da co budc phat trien mdi Tren binh dien dao dtic, nhiiu gia tri truyin thdng tdt dep vdn dugc tri va phat huy dilu kien mdi Mdt s6 gia tri mdi dang hinh va th i hien tac dong tich cuc Tuy vay, nhiiu hi6n tugng suy thoai dao dtic dang diln nghiem tren tdt ca cac linh vuc cua ddi song xa hoi Nhting tac ddng tti mat trai cua kinh t l thi trudng, cua toan cdu hoa dang lam tha hoa mot bd phan khdng nhd can bd, dang vien, cdng chtic Dao dtic lao ddng, giao tiep, gia dinh, thieu ni£n dlu xudt hien nhting bilu hien dang lo ngai D ilu dd khien ldng dan khdng yen, xa hoi tilm an nhting bdt 6n dinh, an ninh xa hoi va an toan cuoc sdng bi de doa D l ldy lai nilm tin cua nhan dan, d l su phat triln on dinh, giti vting dinh hudng XHCN, chan lai dao dtic xa hdi la yeu cdu cdp bach cua su nghi6p doi mdi ddt nude dilu ki6n hien Chmh y6u cdu dd ddi hdi phai nghi6n ctiu thuc trang dao dtic hi6n nay, chi nguyen nhan cua su suy thoai, tti dd xac dinh nhting giai phap khac phuc suy thoai, phat triln dao dtic xa hdi, d l dao dtic thuc su trd mot nhting muc tieu va dong luc cua ban than su nghi6p cdng nghiep hoa, hidn dai hoa ddt nude 55 IV M T s KIEN NGHI Qua ket qua nghien cun cua d l tai “Dao ditc xd hoi d nude ta hien - van de vd gidi ph dp”, tap the tac gia cua de tai tran de xuat mdt so khuyen nghi sau day: Thur nhat, nhin lai 20 nam thuc hifn su nghifp ddi mdi dd dua dat nude ta thoat khoi tinh trang khung hoang kinh te - xd hdi vd budc vdo mot giai doan phdt trien mdi: day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa de den nam 2020, ca ban nude ta trd thdnh mot nude cong nghiep theo hudng hien dai Nhung tuu budc d&u v6 cung quan cua su nghiep doi mofi, ngoai yeu to dudng loi ddi mdi cua Dang dung dan, dugc ca dan tdc d6ng tinh ung hd co yeu td' quyet dinh la nhan dan lao ddng nude ta bao gdm hon 80 tri£u ndng dan, cdng nhan, tri thtic, can bo, dang vien da sd la nhting ngudi cdng hien het stic minh cho su nghiep ddi mdi toan dien da't nude Dd cung la ngudn luc quan nhat, quyet dinh su tdn vong cua dan toe tuong lai ma dao dtic xa hdi thdng qua ddi sdng tinh than cua ho, v l co ban la tich cuc, phan anh dao dtic tdt dep cua xa hdi ta vdi rat nhiiu tarn guong lao ddng, cdng hien stic luc va hy sinh cao ca vi su nghiep chung, xting dang dugc moi ngudi kmh trong, nguong md va biet cm Vdi tu cach la ngudi lao ddng, ngudi cdng dan - ho dang sd'ng gian di va trung thuc, dang lam viec rat tan tam va cd trach nhiem cao Chfnh ho cung la nhting ngudi sdm nhap cuoc vdi su nghiep ddi mdi, dd rat nhiiu ngudi thuc su la nhung ngudi tien phong ddi mdi, cdng hien cang nhiiu stic luc va tai nang cho xa hdi, gop phan xting dang lam nen nhting tuu to ldn budc ddu cua cdng cudc ddi mdi thap ky qua Tuy nhi6n, ben canh niem tu hao, phan khdi trudc nhting tuu cua 20 nam ddi mdi dem lai, khdng ft can bd dang vien va biet bao ngudi dan thuc su quan tam den su phat trien b ln vung cua da't nude, che dd va tuong lai cua dan tdc dang h it stic lo lang trudc su suy giam dao dtic xa hdi d nude ta hien nay, ke ca dao dtic lao ddng, ld'i sd'ng gia dinh cung nhu ngoai xa hdi, tti nghi nghiep dugc xa hdi tdn vinh kmh nhu thdy giao, thay thud'c cho din nghi nghiep nhu thucmg mai phai canh tranh tren thi trudng d lu bieu hi6n su suy thoai, xud'ng ca'p, tham chf xud'ng dd'c Day la mdt su that dau ddn va nhtic nhoi, mac du no mang tmh toan cdu, la ndi dau chung cua toan nhan loai Nguyen nhan khach quan va chu quan cd nhiiu, nhung v l phfa chung ta mot thdi gian kha dai, nha't la tti chuyen sang kinh te thi 56 trudng chua coi trong, neu khdng noi la xem nhe vide giao due dao dtic va truyen thdng dao dtic dan toe cho moi tdng ldp nhan dan Vdn d i xay dung Dang chua dugc dat dung mtic, nhdt la tinh hinh la Dang cdm quyen, lanh dao moi mat cua dai song xa hdi, dac biet la quyet dinh van de can bo Lanh dao Dang va quan ly cua Nha nude cung khdng nhan thtic day du v i vai tro cua dao dtic xa hdi nhu mdt ddng luc tinh thdn phat trien; dan chu, cdng bang bi vi pham, che dd trach nhiem d l cao chua dung mtic da tao nhting khoang trdng nghiem d in den su thoai hoa, bien chdt, tdi pham dai sd'ng thuc tiin Do vay, hon ltic ndo hit, de nghi Bo Chinh tri, Ban B i thu, Ban chap hdnh Trung uceng Ddng cdn dua vao chuong trinh nghi sucua Ddng ve vdn de dao dice xd hoi Viec chuan bi cac vdn kien cua Dai hoi X, tong ket 20 nam doi mdi cdn co noi dung ve dao ditc xd hoi Cdn thiet co mot nghi quyet dac biet ve vdn de dao dtic xd hoi md khau dot pha la dao dtic noi bo Ddng Cong san cam quyen, Nha nu&c phdp quyen XHCN cua ddn, ddn, vi ddn Thu: hai, nhin chung moi cdng dan Viet Nam da sd' tim kiem nhting Igi ich lao ddng, bang lao ddng chfnh dang cua minh thi hanh vi dy dugc xem la thuc te, hgp ly va co dao dtic va moi ngudi deu cho la ngudi luang thi6n Song, ngugc lai, dang co khdng ft ngudi chi mudn huorng thu va hudng lac ma khdng lao ddng Han nua tham vong lam giau va trd nen giau co bang dudng bdt chfnh, phi phap va trai vdi luang tam, dao ly, lam giau bang moi gia D ilu gay ton hai khdng chi v i Igi fch chung, xet v i mat vat chdt ma cdn true tiep lam bang hoai dao dtic, xet v i mat tinh thdn Dd thuc su la mdt lech lac y thtic va trd mdt tam ly benh hoan, suy ddi, xa la vdi ban chdt nhan van cua c h i dd xa hdi chu nghia chung ta Xa hoi dang phai chting ki&n va chiu dung nhting nghich canh nhu th i bdi ddng tiin I6n ngdi Nhung ke bdt luang, ca hdi da dung tiin d i ddi trang thay den, lam dao ldn gia tri, ddy nhiiu ngudi vao cam My va mac phai vong tdi Idi Cai dang lo ngai vdi quan niem sdng coi ddng tiin la tren h it lan toa rdt nhanh ddi sdng xa hdi, nhdt la diiu kien tiin luong cua cdng chtic chua du nudi sd'ng gia dinh va kinh t i thi trudng mdi dugc hinh sa khai nhu d nude ta hien Bdi vay, theo chting tdi, cdn phai cd gidi phdp mang tinh dot pha, to chtic diin ddn dao dtic xd hoi de todn Ddng, todn ddn gop stic vdo cdng cuoc chan dao dtic ddn toe vdi vai trd ndng cot cua Mat tran To 57 quoc Gan lien cuoc van ddng xa hdi vdi cudc dau tranh chong quan li6u, tham nhung, thuc hien dan chu d ca sd gin vdi vide thuc hien quy che dan chu b ca sa, ma trudc het la Dang, bo may quan ly nha nude phdp quyen Thur ba, budc vao thdi ky doi mdi, mdt nghi quyet rieng v l xay dung Dang, Dang ta thtia nhan rang, Ddng ddng md khong manh Cho den gdn day, Dang lai Nghi quyet rieng ve xay dung, chinh don Ddng, da nhan manh, mdt bo phan khdng nho can bo, Dang vien da thoai hoa, bien chdt, xa rdi muc tieu ly tudng, thilu tu dudng ren luyen dao dure, lam ton hai nghiem d in uy tm, danh cua Dang (Nghi quylt Trung uang 6, ldn 2, khoa VIII) Dang d l cong tdc xay dung Ddng la then chot, khdng chi xay dung Dang v l chfnh tri, tu tudng, to churc ma cd ve dao ditc, loi sdng Dao dtic cua can bd, Dang vien lam phai trd tam guong cho quin chung noi theo, nhat la, Dang da trd Dang cdm quyln thi suf guong m iu dao dtic, loi sdng cua can bd, Dang vien, cong chtic cd stic 16i cuon, thuyet phuc manh me ddi vdi quin chung Tren thuc te, nhung bieu hien cua tinh hudng dao dtic cua can bo, Dang vien, cdng chtic dang la nhting vdn d l phai dat va phai cd nhting giai phap khic phuc Ddi ngu can bd, cdng chtic hi6n nay, ma dd phan ldn la Dang vien, v l mat dao dtic da xuat hien nhting y lu kem, suy thoai th i hi6n d thoi te quan lieu bd may Nha nude d cac cap, ke ca can bo chu chdt d ca sd, vi pham dan chu va quyln dan chu cua dan, tach rdi quyln vdi nghia vu, lai fch trach nhiem Day la yeu kem noi bat, la ke hd ldn nhdt, gay hau qua nghiem nhdt he thdng quan ly Nha nude, ddn tdi suy thoai dao dtic can bo cdng chtic Mdt bd phan can bd cdng chtic cd chtic, cd quyln hoac tham nhung hoac dfnh lfu tdi tham nhung dudi moi hinh thtic gay su bdt binh cua dan chung Dang luu y la su suy thoai v l dao dtic xa hdi hidn nay, nhting te nan vd tdi pham khdng cdn dting d nhting ddi tugng luu manh, trdm cap, thdt hoc ma cdn len loi tdi tdng ldp cd hoc thtic, tham chf cd hoc thtic cao, cd chtic cd quyln Va nhting te nan, tdi pham khdng chi la ca nhan rieng le ma cd nai da xudt hien dudng day cd t6 chtic Nhung hien tugng dd cang td dam them su ran ntit, va 58 —- —^v.mxj 4iv www uuu L'Ud cun n^uui uicji Kinn 16 ttii trirang, md ctia va hoi nhap Do vay, da den luc d l nghi Chmh phu cho xay dung mot quy che dao ditc cdn bo, cong chtic gdn vdi ky luat cdng vu (viec xay dung Dang phai dat quy dinh v l dao dtic Dang vien thdi ky ddi mdi) Cac Hoc vien Chmh tri Quoc gia H6 Chi Minh, Hoc vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia, cac trucmg dai hoc, cao dang, phai co chucmg trinh giang day dao dtic can bo, cdng chtic ddng thdi vdi vide truyin ba, giang day ve tu tudng, dao dtic H6 Chf Minh Nha nude, Chfnh phu c&n chi dao ng&nh giao due xay dung va thuc hien chuong trinh giao due dao dtic nha trudng, dao dtic cua nha giao, cua hoc sinh, sinh vien Chfnh phu cung phai uon nan nhting lech lac, tach rdi gitia dao dtic va nang luc cdng tac can bd, quy hoach va chfnh sach can bd giai doan d6i mdi Thti tir, cung da den luc, de nghi Nhd nude sua doi ca che, chinh sach, phuong thtic lanh dao, quan ly theo yeu cdu m&i ve dao dtic xd hoi, phii hap vdi nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN, m d ctia vd chu dong hoi nhap Dac biet la che dd trach nhidm va danh gia, sti dung can bd, sang loc ddi ngu can bo, loai bd cac phdn tti co hdi, thoai hoa, xay dung va thuc hien co che phat hien nhan tai, thuc hien chfnh sach tdn vinh, bdi dudng, su dung va dai hiln tai Hoan chinh, bd sung luat can bd cdng chtic, xoa bd tridt de co chd' “xin - cho”; thuc hien cai cach bd may quan ly Nha nude cho gon nhe, tap trung dau md'i; cai cach tien luong, dam bao dai ngd tiin luong mdt cach thoa dang, kfch thfch nang cao nang suat, chat luang va hidu qua cdng vide T hti nam , Dai hdi IX cua Dang da ket luan: kinh te Id tam, xay dung Ddng Id then chdt Dd la kd't luan rat quan trong, vi hai linh vuc dang ndi ldn nhting va'n d l btic xuc, can tap trung giai quye't Nhung su suy thoai v l tu tudng, dao dtic, ld'i sd'ng, su thap kem v l dan trf dang la ndi lo chung cua toan xa hdi, cua mdi gia dinh va dang de doa su tdn vong cua che' dd chung ta Khdng tap trung xay dung cac gia tri van hoa, khdng coi van hoa la dong luc, muc tidu cua su phat trien kinh td', thi lidu kinh td' cd phat triln lanh manh, bln vung va dting hudng khdng? VI xay dmig Dang cung vay Thuc chat cua Nghi quyd't Trung ucmg lan la dua cac gia tri van hoa vao Dang, cac td chtic va sinh hoat Dang, mdi Dang vidn, d l 59 Dang thuc su trd “tri tue, danh du va luang tam cua thdi dai chung ta” nhu Ld-nin da day VI vay, chung tdi ki6'n nghi, can xac dinh ro them quan diem tren mot cach day du han: “phdt trien kinh te la, tam, xay dung Ddng la then chot, vdn hoa la nen tdng tinh than xd hoV\ Dd la chan kilng vung chac xay dung va pMt triln da't nude ta giai doan mdi Li6n quan den van de van hoa la c&n cd thai dd tdn vinh dd'i vdi tri thu:c (bao gdm cac nha tri thuc va van ngh6 si ldn) Cha dng ta da day: “Hien tdi la nguyen cua quoc gia, nguyen think thi ddt nude manh rdi len cao, nguyen suy thi ddt nude yeu roi xud'ng thap” Dang ta da tha'y vai trd cua tri thirc su nghiep CNH, HDH, da khang dinh su li6n minh giua cdng nhan, ndng dan va gidi tri thirc Dd la tu tudng mdi so vdi trudc Nhung lam phdt hien duac hiln tai de bdi dudng, phat huy, sir dung nhan tai Bdi le lau chung ta chua cd mdt chien luge ngudi, chien luge van hoa tuong xting vdi tSm voc cua su nghiep d6i mdi va yeu clu phat triln xa hoi, thieu mdt nghi quyet cua Dang v l dao due xa hdi va cha'n dao due dan toe Bdi vay, da den luc, Nha nude can khan truang xay dung chien luac ngudi, chien luac vdn hoa Viet Nam vdi tam nhin ddi han, cho thdi ky doi mdi giai doan day manh CNH, HDH ddt nude Chien luac cdn duac quy tu d chien luac giao due, dac biet la giao due gia dinh va nha trudng, hudng tam vao van hoa dao due lao ddng, giao tiep va ld'i song Chung tdi tin tudng rang, dudi su lanh doa cua Dang ta, da't nude Vi6t Nam se phat triln td't dep va bln vung, vira thuc hien dugc tang trudng v l kinh t£, vura dam bao dugc tiin bd va cdng bang xa hdi, dam bao xay dung cong chu nghia xa hdi va bao v6 vung chac Td quo'c Viet Nam xa hdi chu nghia./ 60 [...]... Minh tao thanh stic manh cho dan toe ta trong thdi dai dly thir thach cua the ky XXI nay Viet Nam dang dung tritac su thach thtic cua chieu hudng suy thoai ve dao dtic Chting ta khong th i dong tinh vdi tat ca nhung quan dilm va giai phap neu tren Suy thoai dao dtic la tat yeu doi vdi giai cap tu san nhung chi la mot hi6n tuong tam thori d nhan dan lao dong Khdng th i co su phuc hoi dao dtic phuong Tay... nhan, gianh lai su sdng cho ngudi benh qua tay than chet, nhung em nho ctiu ban minh khoi chet dudi bang chinh su song cua em Nhung ta' m guong dao dtic nhu the la khong it trong xa hdi ta - Do cdn Id su quan tam den loi ich vd hanh phuc chung cho cong ddng, giup da ngudi khac bang su hien tang dat dai, nha cira, tai san, tien bac, cong sure cua minh vdi tam nguyen dugc gop pMn vao su phat tri&i chung... theo phap luat Nhung nhan dan ta sdng khong theo quy tac cua phap luat ma lai quen sdng theo cong thirc cua dao dtic, da trd thanh mot tap quan thucmg thay trong mot xa h6i theo kiiu dtic tri Nho giao d Viet Nam Tap quan do chinh Id mot tror ngai cho viec giao due phap luat vd thi hanh phap luat chung ta phdi rat chu y hien nay Trong thdi ky qua do di len CNXH, dan tdc ta di vao budc ngoat ldn nhat... gia tang Do khong chi la hanh vi pham phap luat ma con the hien su vi pham dao dtic xa hoi, tac hai den thudn phong, my tuc cua dan toe Viet Nam Dao dtic noi chung, dao dtic trong lao dong va giao tiep noi rieng la nhung van de he trong trong gia tri va chat luang cuoc sdng trong xa hoi hien dai cua chung ta Do cung la nhung va'n de phtic tap, da dang, nhieu khia canh doi hoi chung ta phai quan tam... trong truyen thdng dao ditc cua ddn toe ta duac giit gin vd phdt huy cho mai den ngay nay Nhin lai lich su, ngudi ta d i dang nhan thay, nhung nude vdn tu hao v i dao dtic lai chmh la nhung nude coi thudng phap luat nha't Tti khi thuc dan Phap dat chan len dat nude ta, no mudn quan ly nude ta bang phap luat cua no; chung ta thay ro tinh chat giai cap cua phap luat nay, phap luat phuc vu loi fch cua giai... Nghi quyet cua Dang, cua Chinh phu deu thita nhan dieu do Nguyen nhan cd nhieu, nhung cd nguyen nhan nam trong cong tac to chirc va cdng tac kiem tra cua Dang cdn phai tiep tuc doi mdi, mdi cd the khde phuc duoc Thuc te hien nay, hien tuong chay churc, chay quyen, chay toi khong cdn la hi£n tuong ca biet Tinh hinh tien luang chua dam bao ddi sdng cung gop phan gia tang cac hi£n tuong ti£u cuc 21 noi tren... la trong tam, xay dung Ddng la then chot, van hoa Id nen tang tinh than Day la nhung van d i cd y nghia then chot ma chung ta phai tap trung phat trien, trong do van hoa, dao dtic la dong luc cua su phat triln 2 yeu to tren - Thuc hien tot cac chmh sach xd hdi nham dam bao cho su phat trien kinh te xa hoi dung hudng, cd hieu qua II DAO DtTC TRONG LAO D 0 N G VA GIAO TIET Ddi sdng xa hoi duoc tao nen... su ton tai vung chac cua gia dinh hat nhan - vgr chdng va con cai Ngudi ta dudng nhu kho chap nhan quan he tam - tti dai dong dudng Xu hudng tach biet dan nhung quan he thudng gap trong gia dinh truyin tho'ng Viet Nam, dan din viec hinh thanh nep sd'ng biet lap, kho khan gitia cac thanh vien trong gia dinh Tinh trang bao luc trong gia dinh, ca d thanh thi lan d thon que, cung rat dang quan tam Dudng... tri da't nude ta, gay bao nhieu kho dau cho nhan dan ta Giai phong cho dan toe ra khoi cuoc sdng no 16 va dau kho chi cd mdt con dudng duy nhat la lat do che do thuc dan nira phong kien vdi toan b6 phap tri va dtic tri cua chung Nhung lam the nao de thuc hien duac dieu do trong khi nhan dan ta trong tay khong cd gi v i diiu kien vat cha't? Ho Chi Minh da sdm nhan ra mot stic manh vo tan cua nhan dan... kho cua cdn bo ta No pha hoai dao dtic cach mang cua ta la cdn, kiem, Hem, chinh Toi Idi ay cung nang nhu toi Idi viet gian, mat tham Hien nay Dang ta dang phat ddng mdt phong trao rong ldn nham hoc tap va quan triet tu tudng Ho Chi Minh trSn moi lmh vuc hoat dong cua can bo va nhan dan Tu tudng Bac Ho 16 ve dao dtic vd phdp luat la nhung di san cuc ky quy bdu md Bac da de lai cho chung ta Bac Ho luon ... dtic m6i XHCN nu6c ta Nhiem vu D l thuc hien muc tieu neu tren, de tai tap trung giai quyet nhung nhiem vu sau day: 2.1 Lam ro thuc trang dao dtic xa h6i ta hien du6i anh hudng va tac dong cua kinh... Minh tao stic manh cho dan toe ta thdi dai dly thir thach cua the ky XXI Viet Nam dang dung tritac su thach thtic cua chieu hudng suy thoai ve dao dtic Chting ta khong th i dong tinh vdi tat ca... chung ta cang thay ro bo mat tieu cuc cua ditc tri Nho giao Ngay nay, Dang va Nha nude ta neu len y nghia cuc ky quan cua viec nhan ddn sdng theo phap luat Nhung nhan dan ta sdng khong theo quy tac