-Các giai đo ạn nh ạy c ảm (Sensitive periods for learning) t ừcu ốn "How To Raise An Amazing Child the Montessori Way" T ừcu ốn "How To Raise An Amazing Child the Montessori Way" 1- V ận độn g 0-1 tu ổi T ừv ận độn g ng ẫu nhiên t i ch ặt ch ẽvà ều ển tr ẻh ọc cách n ắm b ắt, ch ạm, xoay, cân b ằng, bò, b ộ - Ngôn ng ữ: 0-6 tu ổi (Kho ảng 1,5-2 tu ổi th i k ỳnh ạy c ảm để h ọc nói) - Đồ v ật nh ỏ: 1-4 tu ổi - Tr ật t ự : 2-4 tu ổi - Âm nh ạc: 2-6 tu ổi - Đi v ệsinh: 18 tháng đến tu ổi - L ịch s ựvà nhã nh ặn: 2-6 tu ổi: b ch ướ c hành vi l ịch s ự - C ảm quan: 2-6 tu ổi: b đầu lúc m i sinh, nh ng t ừhai tu ổi b ạn s ẽthích thú v i nh ữ ng - Kinh nghi ệm c ảm quan (mùi v ị, âm thanh, c ảm giác s , mùi) 10 - Vi ết 3-4 tu ổi 11 - Đọc 3-5 tu ổi (Kho ảng tu ổi th ời k ỳb ồi luy ện tri giác hình ản h b đầu h ọc ngôn ng ữ sách v ởt ốt nh ất.) 12 - M ối quan h ệkhông gian (t ừb ốn đến sáu) Khi c b ạn phát tri ển s ựhi ểu bi ết v ềm ối quan h ệkhông gian, anh tr ởnên ngày có th ểx ửlý trò ch i ghép hình ph ứ c t ạp 13 - Toán h ọc: 4-6 tu ổi (Kho ảng tu ổi th i k ỳb đầu làm quen v i khái ni ệm s ơgi ản ban đầu v ềs ốh ọc) MONTESSORI SENSITIVE PERIODS: (http://www.dailymontessori.com/sensitiveperiods/sensitive-period-for-language/ ) − − − − − − − − − Sensitive Period for Order (age 18 months to years) Sensitive Period for Language (birth to years) Sensitive Period for Movement (birth to years) Sensitive Period for Refinement of the Senses (birth to years) Sensitive Period for Weaning (5 to months) Sensitive Period for Numbers (4 to 5.5 years) Sensitive Period for Manners and Courtesies (2 to years) The sensitive period for learning to speak is from is from months to 2.5-3 years of age The sensitive period for learning how to write is from 3.5 to 4.5 years of age For reading, a child is learning intensely from 4.5 to 5.5 From the basis of writing they can learn to read It is important then that a child is read to at least once a day if possible for about 20 minutes not necessarily continuously especially for younger children but accumulated − Vị giác: Trong giai đoạn này, bé ăn cảm nhận ngon bé nhớ hương vị suốt đời Vì vậy, cho bé thưởng thức hoa rau củ tươi với mùi hương vị thực loại thực phẩm Cũng giai đoạn này, bé ăn nhớ hương vị ăn mẹ nấu hương vị bé nhớ suốt đợi đóng góp mọt phần không nhỏ tạo nên tâm hồn tình cảm bé Nên người mẹ có giai đoạn dành thời gian để tự tay chuẩn bị ăn cho bé Sensitive Periods – Understanding the Young Child (http://www.montessaurus.com/sensiti ve-periods-understanding-the-childfrom-birth-to-age-6/) Maria Montessori observed children’s behavior very thoroughly In conclusion to her studies, she was able to define specific phases that a child goes through during their early development She identified six of these sensitive periods The first one is the period of sensory awareness It originates at birth and continues until the young one reaches the age of four During this time the child needs to fully implement all the senses in order to expand them as much as possible The second sensitive period which focuses on language development does not start until the age of three months The child is in this phase until he reaches almost six years of age In this time, the little one distinguishes the sound of a human voice and is able to identify the person’s mouth moving During this stage, the child imitates certain sounds, especially the ones that people make This shows the ability that the small being has; to be able to discriminate and mimic the noise that other individuals make Order is the focus of the third sensitive period It appears from the age of one and subsides at the age of three In this time the child expresses the need for stability as this is the organizational phase The little one is concentrating on forming patterns and foundations for understanding the world around The fourth phase is characterized by the child’s attention to detail It occurs at around the age of two The little one develops the ability to focus on one particular task During this period the young one practices the ability to hold attention At about the age of two and a half, the child enters the stage characterized by the improvement of motor skills This is the time when the little one practices the control of particular body movements The child strives to achieve precision in his motion abilities Thus, often the youngster repeatedly performs certain tasks, like washing hands The last, sixth sensitive period concentrates on social relationships This phase begins when the child is two and a half and persists until the little one is around five years old During this time the young individual directs his attention to one’s behavior and the actions and reactions within a group of people In this stage one can see friendships to start to develop, as well as to notice children play together and come up with creative ideas for their co-operative playtime This is an appropriate stage to introduce the importance of manners and basic principles of human interaction and consideration for one another ...của loại thực phẩm Cũng giai đoạn này, bé ăn nhớ hương vị ăn mẹ nấu hương vị bé nhớ suốt đợi đóng góp mọt phần không nhỏ tạo nên tâm hồn tình cảm bé Nên người mẹ có giai đoạn dành thời gian để