Giáo trình anh văn căn bản 2

GRAMMAR: SOME and ANY SOME được dùng trong câu xác định, ANY dùng cho câu hỏi và câu phủ định.. GRAMMAR: YES-NO questions Câu hỏi YES – NO được tào thành từ câu xác định bằng cách đem đ

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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ TRUNG TÂM ĐÀO TẠO TỪ XA

TÀI LIỆU HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC TẬP

Biên soạn: Ths Đào Minh Trung

Lưu hành nội bộ Năm 2010

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Lời mở đầu

Giáo trình Anh văn căn bản 2 được biên soạn nhằm giúp sinh viên tự

trao dồi kiến thức tiếng Anh ở mức độ căn bản Giáo trình này cung cấp cho sinh viên nền tảng tiếng Anh dùng cho giao tiếp hàng ngày Bên cạnh đó, các

đề mục ngữ pháp căn bản cũng được giải thích rõ ràng với các bài tập ứng dụng Ngoài ra, các bài đọc sẽ giúp sinh viên làm quen với kỹ năng đọc trong tiếng Anh

Đề thi mẫu ở cuối giáo trình giúp sinh viên làm quen với dạng đề thi khi kết thúc môn học Phần đáp án ở cuối giáo trình sẽ giúp sinh viên kiểm tra kết quả các phần bài tập sau khi làm xong

Để việc tự học đạt hiệu quả cao, sinh viên nên tra cứu các từ mới và thường xuyên đọc lại các bài đã học để ôn lại từ vựng và ngữ pháp

Mong rằng giáo trình này sẽ phần nào hỗ trợ việc tự học tiếng Anh của sinh viên được tốt hơn

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Table of Contents

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Unit 1

FRUIT IS GOOD FOR YOU

CONVERSATION

Read this conversation

Jean: OK, what do we need?

Tony: We need some fruit and vegetables

Jean: How about some oranges ?

Tony: OK, and we’ll have some bananas

Jean: Yes, there aren’t any bananas And let’s get some apples

Tony: OK, apples And we haven’t got any onions

Jean: A kilo of onions That’s enough And some carrots

Tony: That’s right, we haven’t got any carrots And let’s get some meat

Jean: Yes, OK You like chicken, don’t you ?

Tony: Yes, chicken’s great And we need some tomatoes

Jean: OK two kilos of tomatoes Anything else?

Tony: OK, and we’ll have some bananas

Jean: No, we need a couple of litres of water and let’s get some juice That’s it

GRAMMAR: SOME and ANY

SOME được dùng trong câu xác định, ANY dùng cho câu hỏi và câu phủ định Cả SOME và ANY được dùng cho cả danh từ đếm được và không đếm được

We need some fruit and vegetables

Have we got any water?

We haven’t got any onions

Đôi khi SOME được dùng trong câu hỏi khi diễn tả lời mời, sự gợi ý

How about some oranges? (gợi ý)

Would you like some coffee? (lời mời)

Practice 1: Complete the sentences with SOME or ANY (Điền vào khoảng trống bằng

SOME hay ANY)

1 I need _ water

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2 Have you got _ onions?

3 I need to do _ shopping

4 We need _ fruit and vegetables

5 They haven’t got _ potatoes

6 He wants _ grapes

7 How about _ coffee?

8 There isn’t _ rice

9 We don’t have _ milk in the fridge

10 She buys _ food for her family

Practice 2: Complete the conversation with SOME or ANY (Hoàn thành bài hội thoại

với SOME và ANY)

A: Let’s not buy 1 _ potato salad Let’s make 2 _ at home

B: OK So we need 3 _ potatoes Is there 4 _ mayonnaise at home? A: No, we need to buy 5 _

B: OK And we need 6 _ onions, too

A: Oh, I don’t want 7 _ onions in the salad I hate onions!

B: Then let’s buy 8 _ celery That’s delicious in potato salad

A: Good idea And 9 _ carrots, too

READING

Read this passage

Eating habits are very informal You sit at a table or in a circle on the floor around the food All the food is put out on different plates at the start of the meal You take what you want Most people eat with a spoon and a fork You can use your fingers to make rice balls which you dip in various sauces Chopsticks are only common with the Chinese population in Thailand There isn’t usually any salt because they use fish sauce

Thais can eat and drink anything There are no social taboos Drinking alcohol

is a normal social activity for men Smoking is common among men and women Thais eat early in the evening They usually have their evening meal at about six o’clock Most traditional Thai restaurants close at about eight o’clock So if you

go early, it is crowded, noisy and hot and if you go late there is no food left! These

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restaurants are very relaxed You can even take your own drink into a Thai restaurant!

Decide these statements are true (T) or false (F) (Xác định các câu sau đúng hay sai)

1 They sometimes sit on the floor when they eat

2 They often use chopsticks

3 They don’t use their fingers

4 They can’t drink alcohol in public

5 Smoking is common

6 They don’t put salt on the table

7 They eat early in the evening

8 Restaurants are very formal

GRAMMAR: COUNTABLE NOUNS and UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable Nouns (danh từ đếm được) là các danh từ mà ta có thể đặt các số đếm phía trước chúng

One book, two pens, four cars, ten students

Uncountable Nouns (danh từ không đếm được) là danh từ mà ta không thể đặt số đếm trước chúng được

Water, sugar, milk, oil (NOT one water, two sugar, three milk, four oil)

Practice 3: Write C for countable nouns or U for uncountable nouns (Viết C cho danh

từ đếm được, U cho danh từ không đếm được)

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pork _ soup _

banana _ cheese _

Practice 4: Complete the conversation with SOME, ANY or A/AN (Hoàn thành bài

hội thoại với SOME, ANY hoặc A/AN)

A: I’d like 1 vegetable soup with bread, please

B: I’m afraid we haven’t got 2 soup today, madam But we’ve got 3 potato salad

A: I don’t like salads I’ll have 4 cheese omelets

B: Cheese omelets And for the main course?

A: Roast chicken with boiled potatoes

B: I’m sorry, but we haven’t got 5 chicken But you can have 6 steak And there is pasta or chips instead of boiled potatoes

A: All right A steak and chips Have you got 7 wine or is there only water

or tea?

B: Of course, madam We’ve got 8 good Bulgarian red wine

A: Haven’t you got 9 white wine?

B: Yes It’s German

A: That’s fine And cheese I’d like 10 cheese and 11 ice cream B: Do you want 12 water?

A: Yes, please A bottle of spring water

yoghurt carrots lettuce rice

beans cheese nuts tomatoes beef noodles bacon

strawberries apples potatoes bananas mangoes pasta broccoli

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cucumber grapes lemon lamb

Meat and Protein Fruits Vegetables Grains

MORE READING PRACTICE

EATING FOR GOOD LUCK

On New Year’s Day, many people eat special foods for good luck in the new year

A Some Chinese people eat tangerines Tangerines are round Round foods end and begin again, like years

B It is a Jewish custom to eat apples with honey for a sweet new year

C Greeks eat vasilopitta, bread with a coin inside Everyone tries to find the coin

for luck and money in the New Year

D In Spain and some Latin American countries, people eat twelve grapes at

midnight on New Year’s Eve – one grape for good luck in each month of the New Year

E On New Year’s Day in Japan, people eat mochi - rice cakes – for strength in the

1 Some Chinese people eat tangerines Tangerines are sweet, like years

2 Some Jewish people eat apples with candy for a sweet new year

3 Greeks eat vasilopitta, bread with beans inside

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4 In Europe, people eat twelve grapes for good luck in the new year

5 The Japanese eat chocolate cake for strength in the new year

6 Some Americans eat black-eyed peas Black-eyed peas are like dollars

Read the passage below (Đọc bài viết dưới đây)

ORANGES

Everybody loves oranges They are sweet and juicy They are in sections so it is easy to eat them Some oranges do not have any seeds Some have a thick skin and some have a thin skin

The orange tree is beautiful It has a lot of shiny green leaves The small white flowers smell very sweet An orange tree has flowers and fruit at the same time

There were orange trees twenty million years ago The oranges were very small, not like the ones today The orange tree probably came from China Many different kinds of wild oranges grow there today Chinese started to raise orange trees around 2,400 B.C Chinese art has lovely old pictures of oranges and orange trees

Farmers in other parts of Asia and the Middle East learned to raise oranges from the Chinese Then, they taught Europeans The Spanish planted orange trees in the New World (North and South America) They took them to Florida first Oranges are a very important crop in Florida today

“Orange” is both a fruit and a color The color of oranges is so beautiful that in English we use the name of the fruit for the color

A Comprehension

Circle the letter of the best answer (Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng)

1 Oranges are _

a shiny and green c sweet and juicy

b old and wild d thin and wild

2 Some oranges do not have _

a seeds b flowers c sections d a skin

3 Orange leaves are _

a shiny b sweet c thick d wild

4 There are many _ orange trees in China today

a shiny b thin c wild d thick

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5 Europeans learned to plant orange trees from _

a the Middle East c North and South America

b Florida d the Spanish

6 Oranges do not grow in _

a India b Mexico c Sweden d North Africa

B Main Idea

Circle the letter of the best answer (Chọn câu mang ý chính của bài đọc)

1 Oranges are sweet and juicy with seeds and a skin

2 Orange trees went from Asia to the Middle East to Europe to the New World

3 Oranges probably came from China, and today people all over the world like them because they are sweet and juicy

4 Oranges are tasty fruit and people grow them in many places

sections raise thin

lovely smell sweet

1 Chinese started to orange trees 2400 B.C

2 They are and juicy

3 Some have a thick and some have a skin

4 Many different kinds of oranges grow there today

5 They are in so it is easy to eat them

6 Chinese art has old pictures of oranges and orange trees

7 Some oranges do not have any

8 It has a lot of green leaves

D Questions

Answer the questions below (Trả lời các câu hỏi sau)

1 Do all oranges have seeds?

2 Where did the orange tree probably come from?

3 Who planted orange trees in the New World?

4 What else does the word “orange” describe?

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Unit 2

CAN YOU SWIM?

CONVERSATION

Read the conversation (Đọc bài hội thoại sau)

Katherine: Oh, look There’s a talent show on Saturday Let’s enter

Phillip: I can’t enter a talent show What can I do?

Katherine: You can sing really well

Phillip: Oh! Thanks … But you can, too

Katherine: Well, no I can’t sing at all – but I can play the piano

Phillip: So maybe we can enter the show

Katherine: Sure Why not?

Phillip: OK Let’s start to practice tomorrow!

GRAMMAR: CAN

CAN được dùng để chỉ khả năng làm được việc gì (năng lực) Nó luôn theo sau chủ từ

và đứng trước động từ chính

I can swim

She can sing

Trong câu phủ định, NOT được đặt sau CAN: CANNOT = CAN’T

I can’t sing at all

Trong câu hỏi, CAN được đặt trước chủ từ

Can you dance?

What can you do?

Practice 1: Change these statements into negative ones (Chuyển các câu sau sang

dạng phủ định)

1 I can speak English _

2 He can cook very well _

3 She can dance all night _

4 We can play the guitar _

5 They can enter the talent show _

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GRAMMAR: YES-NO questions

Câu hỏi YES – NO được tào thành từ câu xác định bằng cách đem động từ TO BE hay trợ động từ CAN ra trước chủ từ

She is a student => Is she a student?

I can cook curry => Can you cook curry?

Đối với câu chỉ có động từ thường, trợ động từ DO/ DOES được sử dụng, và đặt trước chủ từ Lúc này động từ chính trở về hình thức ban đầu

She likes music => Does she like music?

They go shopping every weekend => Do they go shopping every weekend?

We need some bananas => Do we need any bananas?

Practice 2: Change these statements into Yes-No questions (Chuyển các câu sau sang

câu hỏi Yes-No)

1 He loves watching films _

2 They study French in the evening _

3 She buys flowers every Sunday _

4 We play football every day _

5 She can play chess _

6 He is a doctor _

7 We can go swimming on weekend

8 I can watch TV here _

9 This fruit is good _

Practice 3: Write 5 sentences with things you can do, and 5 sentences with things you

can’t do Use the words and expressions below.(Viết 5 câu về những việc bạn có thể làm, và 5 câu về những việc bạn không thể làm Sử dụng các cụm từ cho sẵn)

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Things you can do Things you can’t do

1 I can play football

Marie: You’re really fit, Paul Do you exercise very much ?

Paul: Well, I almost always get up very early, and I lift weights for an hour

Marie: You’re kidding !

Paul: No And then I often go Rollerblading

Marie: Wow! How often do you exercise like that?

Paul: About five times a week What about you?

Marie: Oh, I hardly ever exercise I usually just watch TV in my free time I

guess I’m a real couch potato! So, what else do you like to do, Paul?

Paul: Well, I like video games a lot I play them every day It drives my mom

crazy!

Marie: Hey, I play video games all the time, too

Paul: Well, listen, I have some great new games Why don’t we play some

after class today?

Marie: OK!

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GRAMMAR: Adverbs of Frequency

Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên là những từ chỉ tính năng diễn của hành động, ví dụ như

luôn luôn (always), thường xuyên (usually, often), thỉnh thoảng (sometimes), mỗi ngày (every day), hiếm khi (seldom), không bao giờ (never)

Trong câu, các trạng từ này đứng sau động từ TO BE và CAN, trước động từ chính

Riêng cụm từ every day, twice a week, many times a month thường đứng cuối câu

I always get up early

I play them every day

He is usually on time for class

They never stop talking

Trong câu hỏi, trạng từ thường đứng sau chủ từ, trước động từ chính

Do you often play video games? _ Yes, I do

What do you usually eat for breakfast?

Trạng từ ever (có bao giờ, từng) thường dùng trong câu hỏi YES-NO

Do you ever ride a horse?

Đặc biệt trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên thường trả lời cho câu hỏi HOW OFTEN

How often do you exercise like that? - About five times a week

How often do you watch TV? – Every evening

Practice 4: Put the adverbs in the correct place (Điền các trạng từ vào đúng vị trí của

nó trong câu)

1 A: What do you do on Saturday mornings? (usually)

B: Nothing much I sleep until noon (almost always)

2 A: Do you go bicycling? (ever)

B: Yeah, I go bicycling on Saturday (often)

3 A: How often do you play sports?

B: Well, I play tennis (twice a week)

4 A: What do you do after class? (usually)

B: I go out with my classmates (about three times a week)

5 A: How often do you do your exercise?

B: I exercise (seldom)

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d It is often in the sitting room It is hot You can sit in front

of it when you are cold

e If you look in it, you can see yourself It can be on a wall

in any room of the house There is always one in the bathroom

Read the passage below and decide whether these statements are True or False (Đọc đoạn văn sau và quyết định các câu theo sau đúng hay sai)

SMART MOVES

It won’t surprise fitness freaks to learn that aerobic exercise does more than raise the heart rate: It lifts the spirit and builds confidence But many brain researchers believe that something else happens, too Just as exercise makes the bones, muscles, heart, and lungs stronger, researchers think that it also strengthens important parts of the brain

Research suggests that aerobic exercise helps you learn new things and remember old information better Aerobic exercise sends more blood to the brain and it also feeds the brain with substances that develop new nerve connections If the exercise has complicated movements like dance steps or basketball moves, the brain produces even more nerve connections – the more connections, the better the brain can process all kinds of information

Scientists still don’t fully understand the relationship between exercise and brain power For the moment, people just have to trust that exercise is helping them

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to learn or remember Scientific research clearly shows, however, that three or

more workouts a week are good for you A study in the Journal of the American

Medical Association, for example, shows that walking four to five miles (6.5 to 8

km) an hour for 45 minutes five times a week helps you live longer So don’t be a couch potato Get out there and do something!

1 Exercise makes you feel happier

2 Exercise makes you feel more self-confidence

3 Exercise strengthens the body

4 Exercise can increase your height

5 Exercise can help you learn things better

6 Exercise helps you remember things better

7 Exercise gives you better eyesight

8 Exercise helps you live longer

Read the following passage and choose the best answer (Đọc bài đọc dưới đây và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất)

In 776 BC the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus

to honor the Greek’s chief god, Zeus The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus The Greeks greatly honored their winners by having olive wreaths placed on the winners’ heads and sang poems about their victories Originally, Greeks considered the Olympic Games as games of friendship Any wars which were happening were stopped to allow the games take place

The Greek attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four years cycles (periods) which were called “Olympiads” starting from

776 BC

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1 Which of the following is not true?

a Winner placed olive wreaths on their own heads

b The games were held in Greece every four years

c Wars were stopped so that people could participate in the games

d People sang poems to glorify the winners’ deeds

2 Why were the Olympic Games held?

a to stop wars

b to honor Zeus

c to crown the best athletes

d to sing songs about the winners’ victories

3 Approximately how many years ago did these games begin?

a 776 years c 2,770 years

b 1,205 years d 2,277 years

4 Which of the following contests was not mentioned?

a discus throwing c skating

b boxing d running

5 What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

a They liked to fight

b They were very athletic

c They liked a lot of ceremonies

d They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for calendars

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Unit 3

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?

CONVERSATION

Ann: Are you going to do anything exciting this weekend?

Phil: Well, I‟m going to celebrate my birthday

Ann: Fabulous! When is your birthday, exactly?

Phil: It‟s August ninth – Sunday

Ann: So what are your plans?

Phil: Well, my friend Kate is going to take me to a restaurant

Ann: Nice! Is she going to order a cake?

Phil: Yeah, and the waiters are probably going to sing “Happy Birthday” to me

It‟s so embarrassing!

GRAMMAR: To Be Going To + Verb

Thành ngữ Be going to được dùng để diễn tả ý định, dự tính sẽ được thực hiện trong

tương lai Dùng Be going to + Verb trong câu xác định Trong câu phủ định, thêm NOT vào sau TO BE: To Be + NOT + going to + Verb

I’m not going to buy a new motorbike

She is not going to move to a new boarding house (is not = isn’t)

We are not going to stop smoking (are not = aren’t)

Trong câu hỏi, TO BE được đặt trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word)

Are you going to present tomorrow?

What are we going to do next?

When is she going to get married?

Practice 1: Complete the conversation the correct verb forms (Hoàn thành bài hội

thoại sau với hình thức đúng của động từ)

A: What are you going to do for Halloween? (do)

B: I don‟t know I anything special (not do)

A: Well, Peter and I _ a party Can you come? (have)

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B: Sure, I can come Where you _ the party? (have) A: It at Peter‟s house (be)

B: What time the party ? (start)

A: At 6:00 And it _ around midnight (end)

B: Who you _? (invite)

A: We all our good friends (ask)

Practice 2: Read the conversation below and do the task that follow (Đọc bài hội

thoại và làm bài tập bên dưới)

Interviewer: Good evening I‟m Ali Right with KTX News Radio I‟m talking with

people waiting for the bus tonight I‟m finding out how they‟re going to spend their evening What‟s your name?

Michelle: It‟s Michelle

Interviewer: I bet you‟re going to go to the gym tonight

Michelle: No, not tonight I‟m going to meet a friend We‟re going to run together

in the park

Interviewer: And what‟s your name?

Kevin: Kevin

Interviewer: Are you going home now, Kevin?

Kevin: No, not right now First, I‟m going to go to the video-game arcade Interviewer: Oh, so you‟re going to play video games

Kevin: Yes, I am

Interviewer: Can I ask your name?

Robert: Yes My name is Robert

Interviewer: Are you going to do anything interesting tonight?

Robert: Well, my friend Chris is going to have a party, but I‟m going to work at

home I have all my work right here in my briefcase

Interviewer: So you can‟t go to the party You‟re going to work tonight

Robert: That‟s right

Interviewer: And what‟s your name?

Jane: I‟m Jane

Interviewer: Do you have any plans for this evening?

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Jane: I just bought some new CDs, so I‟m going to listen to music tonight Interviewer: What kind of music is it?

Jane: I always listen to jazz

Write sentences to tell what each person is going to do.(Hãy mô tả lại dự định của những người sau)

1 Michelle is going to run with a friend in the park

2 Kevin is

3 Robert is

4 Jane is

READING

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ON YOUR BIRTHDAY?

How do people usually celebrate birthdays in your country?

A Elena Brown: “My twenty-first birthday is on Saturday, and I‟m going to go out with some friends To wish me a happy birthday, they‟re going to pull on my ear 21 times, once for each year It‟s an old custom Some people pull on the ear just once, but my friends are very traditional!”

B Yan-Ching Shi: “Tomorrow is my sixteenth birthday It‟s a special birthday, so we‟re going to have a family ceremony I‟m probably going to get some money

in „lucky‟ envelops from my relatives My mother is going to cook noodles – noodles are for a long life.”

C Mr and Mrs Suzuki: “My husband is going to be 60 tomorrow In Japan, the

sixtieth birthday is called kanreki – it‟s the beginning of a new life The color

red represents a new life, so we always give something red for a sixtieth birthday What am I going to give my husband? I can‟t say It‟s a surprise!”

D Philippe Joly: “I‟m going to be 30 next week, so I‟m going to invite three very good friends out to dinner In France, when you have a birthday, you often invite people out In some countries, I know it‟s the opposite – people take you out.”

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Correct these statements in according to the reading (Sửa các câu sau cho đúng với nội dung bài đọc)

1 To celebrate her birthday, Elena is going to pull on her friends‟ ears

2 Yan-Ching is going to cook some noodles on her birthday

3 On his birthday, Mr Suzuki is going to buy something red

4 Philippe‟s friends are going to take him out to dinner on his birthday

5 The green color usually represents for a new life

Read this passage carefully (Đọc kỹ bài đọc sau)

CARS OF THE FUTURE

What kind of car will we be driving in 2020? Rather different from the type

we know today, with the next 20 years bringing greater change than the past 50 The people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental problems may well accelerate the pace of the car‟s development Their vision is of a machine with three wheels instead of four wheels, electrically powered, environmentally clean, and able to drive itself along

“intelligent” roads which are equipped with built-in power supplies Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source or store it in small quantities for traveling in the city

Instead of today‟s seating arrangements - two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward - the 2020 car will have an interior with adults and children in a family circle

This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system, with strips built into motorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them Cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding All the driver will have to do is say where to go and the computer will do the rest It will become impossible for cars to crash into one

another The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile

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Decide these statements are True or False according to the reading (Quyết định xem các câu sau đúng hay sai dựa vào nội dung bài đọc)

1 Future cars will have three wheels

2 Cars in the future will have seats in a circle

3 Future cars will not have drivers

4 Cars in the future will not crash into one another

5 Future cars will pick up their fuel in the shop

Read the passage and choose the best answers of the questions followed (Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn câu trả lời đúng)

When you put a letter into the postbox, do you know what will happen to it? First of all a postman will come in a van to collect all the mail from it The mail is collected at fixed times; usually once in the morning and once in the afternoon These collection times are shown on each postbox The van will then take the mail to the nearest post office The mail going to place in the same district will be put together A machine will chop the stamps so that they cannot be used again Then postmen will arrange the letters into bundles and pack them into their postbags

The work of postman is not easy He often has to get up very early He has to work outdoors in all weathers He must be strong in order to carry his heavy postbag He sometimes has to read bad hand writing

Can you read the address on this envelope? It is very difficult for postmen to deliver mail quickly and correctly when addresses are not written clearly

Do you know the proper way to send a letter? If you are writing to someone in Hong Kong, you should use a white envelope If you want to send a letter to a country outside Hong Kong, you should use an envelope bordered by red and blue stripes Also, you should write the name and address clearly and correctly on the envelope Letters and small parcels can be posted in postboxes or at a post office However, you must take large parcels to a post office It costs more to send a heavy parcel than a light one It is also more expensive to send mail overseas

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1 When is mail collected from a postbox?

a Usually twice a day c Only once in the afternoon

b At any time in a day d Twice in the morning

2 How do we know the collection times?

a A policeman will tell us

b They are shown outside the mail vans

c They are written on the postbags

d They are shown on the postboxes

3 What does a machine do to the mail collected in a post office?

a It takes the stamps off for use again

b It puts a chop on the stamps

c It sticks more stamps onto them

d It arranges the letters into bundles

4 What does the writer think about a postman’s work?

a It is really very easy

b He has to work in good and bad weather

c He has to walk all the time

d He often works inside a post office

5 What kind of envelope should you use when you send a letter to a local

address?

a A white envelope

b A red envelope with blue stripes

c A white envelope with red stripes

d A blue envelope with red stripes

GRAMMAR: Future with WILL

Will + Verb để diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai Động từ theo sau WILL luôn ở hình thức nguyên mẫu

We will have a test at the end of the course

She will be 16 years on next week

They will go home after class

Để diễn tả câu phủ định, thêm NOT vào phía sau WILL: will not = won‟t

I won’t travel to Da Lat alone

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She will not become a singer (because she sings so badly)

They won’t come to class on time

Trong câu hỏi, WILL sẽ đứng trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word)

Will you go to my party?

What will you do tomorrow?

When will we finish this course?

Lưu ý: Phân biệt WILL + Verb và BE GOING TO + Verb

WILL + VERB diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (không rõ lúc nào)

BE GOING TO + VERB diễn tả 01 ý định, dự định sẽ được thực hiện trong tương lai (xác định rõ thời gian)

I am going to buy a new computer next week (I’m sure because I need one)

We will travel to Da Lat this year (We don’t know when we will go)

WILL + VERB còn diễn tả một quyết định tức thì (không dự tính trước), 01 lời đề nghị giúp đỡ ai

A: Who wants to erase the board? Are there any volunteers?

B: I will do it!

Đôi khi cả WILL và BE GOING TO cùng diễn tả cùng ý nghĩa, khi đó cả 02 đều có thể sử dụng được

A: What do you want to be when you grow up?

B: I will (am going to) be an engineer

Practice 3: Use Will and/ or Be Going To with the verbs in parentheses (Điền vào

chỗ trống với WILL hay BE GOING TO)

1 Sue _ graduate in June

2 Fred _ be at the meeting tomorrow I think Jane

_ come too

3 A: Can you give Ed a message for me?

B: Sure, I _ see him at the meeting this evening

4 A: This letter is in French, and I don‟t speak a word of French Can you help me?

B: Sure I _ translate it for you

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5 A: Do you want to go shopping with me? I go to the shopping mall downtown

B: Sure What time do you want to leave?

6 A: It‟s hot in here

B: I agree I _ turn the air-conditioning on

A: That‟s a good idea

7 A: It‟s really cold in here My nose is cold and my fingers are cold

B: I make you a hot cup of tea

A: Thanks That sounds good

8 A: Paul, do you want to go with me to the shopping mall?

B: No thanks I have some things I have to do today I wash my car and then clean out the basement

9 A: Let's make something easy for dinner Got any ideas?

B: I _ make some hamburgers Why don't you make a salad?

A: Sounds good

10 A: Why did you buy so many tomatoes?

B: I make a lot of spaghetti sauce

VOCABULARY & WRITING

Write sentences by using Be going to with the words below (Viết câu dùng cấu trúc

Be going to với các từ cho sẵn)

see a movie

go out with friends

play video games

buy some new clothes

have a picnic

go to the countryside

go fishing shop in supermarket

cook a meal for family chat with friends run in the park with friends

learn English

What are you going to do this weekend? What are you going to do tonight?

1 I‟m going to see a movie tonight

2 I‟m _

3 We _

4 I‟m _

5 We _

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A: Did you have a good weekend?

B: Yes, I did But I feel a little tired today

A: Really? Why?

B: Well, on Saturday, I exercised in the morning Then my roommate and I cleaned and shopped And then I visited my parents

A: So what did you do on Sunday?

B: I studied for the test all day

A: Oh, no! Do we have a test today? I didn’t study! I just watched TV all weekend!

GRAMMAR: Simple Past Tense of Verbs

Trong bài đối thoại trên, động từ được chia ở thì quá khứ do các hành động đã xảy ra rồi Thì quá khứ được thiết lập dựa trên hình thức của động từ: Verb + ED/ D Trong câu thường có các từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ như: yesterday, last week, last month, etc

Yesterday I studied all morning

She watched TV all weekend

We cleaned the house on Saturday

Trong câu phủ định, trợ động từ DID + NOT được thêm vào phía trước động từ Lúc này động từ trở về hình thức nguyên mẫu

I did not study last Sunday (did not = didn’t)

She did not go shopping last weekend

They didn’t watch TV last night

Trong câu hỏi, DID được đặt trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word), lúc này động

từ chính trở về hình thức nguyên mẫu Trong câu hỏi YES – NO, DID (DIDN’T) được lặp lại trong câu trả lời

I visited a friend last Sunday => Who did you visit last Sunday?

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She played basketball yesterday => What did she play yesterday?

I listened to music last night => Did you listen to music last night?

Did you watch TV last night? – Yes, I did (hoặc No, I didn’t)

Lưu ý:

1 Đối với động từ thường theo quy tắc, khi chuyển sang thì quá khứ, chỉ cần thêm ED vào phía sau động từ Nếu động từ tận cùng là E, chỉ cần thêm D

work => worked cook => cooked

call => called listen => listened

exercise => exercised need => needed

invite => invited clean => cleaned

watch => watched wash => washed

ask => asked stay => stayed

Các động từ tận cùng là Y, trước nó là phụ âm (không phải các chữ cái A, E, I, O, U)

thì biến Y => I rồi thêm ED, như study => studied

Các động từ chỉ có 01 vần, tận cùng là phụ âm, và trước đó là 01 nguyên âm (các chữ cái A, E, I, O, U) thì phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm ED

seem => seemed (vì có 02 nguyên âm đứng trước phụ âm)

play => played (Y không phải là phụ âm)

stay => stayed

2 Các động từ bất quy tắc, tham khảo trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc, cột simple past Dưới đây là một số động từ bất quy tắc thường gặp

buy => bought feel => felt

come => came get up => got up

go => went drink => drank

eat => ate have => had

meet => met read => read /red/

see => saw sleep => slept

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ride => rode drive => drove

think => thought teach => taught

spend => spent do => did

Practice 1: Complete these sentences with the simple past tense of the verbs (Hoàn

thành câu với thì quá khứ của động từ)

1 I waited (wait) for a phone call, but my girlfriend did not call (not call)

2 I (stay) home and (watch) TV

3 My friend (visit) me We _ (talk) and

(listen) to music

4 We _ (invite) some friends over, and we _ (cook) a great meal

5 I (study) on Saturday, but I _ (not work) on Sunday

I _ (walk) to the mall and (shop) all day

6 A: _ you (have) a good weekend?

B: Yes, I _ I _ (have) a great weekend I just relaxed

7 A: _ you (eat out) on Friday night?

B: No, I Some friends _ (come) over We _ (eat) dinner at my apartment Then we _ (go) to a movie

8 A: _ you _ (read) the newspaper this morning?

B: Yes, I I _ (read) it at work

9 A: _ you (have) breakfast this morning?

B: No, I _ I _ (get up) late But I (buy) a cup of coffee and (drink) it on the bus

10 A: How you _ (spend) your last birthday?

B: I _ (have) a party Everyone _ (enjoy) it, but the

neighbors (complain) about the noise

11 A: What _ you (do) last night?

B: I (go) to the new Tom Cruise film I _ (love) it!

12 A: _ you (do) anything special over the weekend?

B: Yes, I _ I _ (go) shopping Unfortunately, I (spend) all my money Now I’m broke

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Study the verb forms in this conversation (Hãy chú ý động từ trong bài hội thoại sau)

A: Hi, Celia! How was your trip to the United States?

B: It was terrific I really enjoyed it

A: Great How long were you away?

B: I was there for about three weeks

A: That’s a long time! Was the weather OK?

B: Yes, most of the time But it snowed a lot in Chicago

A: So, what was the best thing about your trip?

B: Oh, that’s difficult to say But I guess I liked Nashville the best

GRAMMAR: Simple Past Tense with TO BE

Ở thì quá khứ đơn, TO BE có 02 hình thức chính: WAS và WERE WAS dùng cho chủ từ số ít, WERE dùng cho chủ từ số nhiều

The weather was good yesterday

We were here last Sunday

Trong câu phủ định, NOT được thêm vào sau WAS và WERE

He was not at home last night (was not = wasn’t)

They were not at the cinema last Saturday (were not = weren’t)

I wasn’t well this morning

Trong câu hỏi, WAS và WERE đặt trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word) Trong câu hỏi YES – NO, WAS (WASN’T) và WERE (WEREN’T) được lặp lại trong câu trả lời

Were they at home last Saturday? – No, they weren’t They went to a movie Where were you last Sunday? – I was at home

Was she at school this morning? – Yes, she was

Practice 2: Complete these conversations with WAS or WERE (Hoàn thành các bài

hội thoại sau với WAS hay WERE)

1 A: How long your parents in Europe?

B: They there for a month

A: they in London the whole time?

B: No, they They also went to Paris and Madrid

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2 A: you away last weekend?

B: Yes, I I in San Francisco

A: How it?

B: It great

A: How the weather?

B: Oh, it foggy and cool as usual

3 A: I in Istanbul last summer

B: Really? How long you there?

A: For six weeks

B: you there on business or on vacation?

A: I there on business

READING

THE CHANGING WEEKEND THEN

Once upon a time, people spent lots of

time at home on weekends Then, new

inventions changed the weekend

People used electric streetcars to

travel in cities On weekends, they

rode the streetcars to amusement

parks Young people liked

roller-coasters and the Ferris wheel

The first movies lasted only one

minute Soon, however, movies got

longer By the 1920s, movie theatres

sold millions of tickets each week! In

1927, movies finally had sound

Sometimes, people stayed home

instead, and listened to another new

invention – the radio

People in cities worked indoors during

They can choose from lots of different movies at a multiplex (a building with many movie theatres) or watch a video at home

Many people jog, bicycle, work out at the gym, or play sports Others turn on their TVs and watch sports

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the week, so they wanted to be

outdoors on weekends Bicycling

became a popular activity,

Read a diary from 1925 Base on the reading, correct the wrong information (Hãy đọc một mẫu nhật ký viết năm 1925 Dựa vào nội dung bài đọc, chỉnh sứa lại các thông tin không đúng)

1 Betty and I took a streetcar to the theme amusement park on Saturday

2 We rode on the Ferris wheel and the roller coaster

3 On Saturday night, I took Betty to a movie at the multiplex

4 The movie had really interesting sound effects

5 On Sunday afternoon, I bicycled with my sister

6 By Sunday night, I felt pretty tired, so I stayed at home and watched TV

Read the postcards, then decide whether these statements are True or False (Đọc các bưu thiếp sau và quyết định xem các câu sau đúng hay sai)

VACATION POSTCARDS

Paula,

I can’t believe my trip is over I arrived in Egypt

just two weeks ago! I was with a group from the

university We went to the desert to dig in some

old ruins I didn’t find anything, but I learned

a lot I’m tired, but I loved every minute of my

trip

Take care, Margaret

Hi, Luis!

My Hawaiian vacation just ended, and I am very relaxed!

I spent my whole vacation at a spa in Koloa, Kauai Every day for a week I exercised, did yoga, mediated, and ate vegetarian food I also went swimming and snorkeling I feel fantastic!

Love, Sue

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Dear Michael,

Alaska is terrific! I was just on a trip in the Artic National

Wildlife Refuge There were six people on the trip We hiked

for ten days Then we took rafts to the Artic Ocean I saw a

lot of wildlife Now I’m going to Anchorage See you in 3

weeks

Kevin

1 Margaret had a very relaxing vacation

2 Margaret enjoyed her vacation

3 Sue was in Hawaii for two weeks

4 Sue got a lot of exercise

5 Kevin spent his vacation alone

6 Kevin’s vacation is over

VOCABULARY & WRITING

Use the verbs in column A with words in column B to make sentences telling about your weekend activities (Sử dụng các động từ ở cột A với các từ ở cột B để kể về các hoạt động cuối tuần của bạn)

a meal some food new clothes

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study some t-shirts

friends

a movie

at home the lessons

to the theatre

Example: Last weekend, I went out with friends We went to the theatre to watch a

movie After that, we played video games

_

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