Giáo trình anh văn căn bản 3

Feel + Adjective = To Be + Adjective: diễn tả cảm nhận về tình trạng sức khỏe, tinh thần; thường trả lời cho câu hỏi How do you feel?. Đọc bài và trả lời các câu hỏi theo sau To Tip or

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ TRUNG TÂM ĐÀO TẠO TỪ XA

TÀI LIỆU HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC TẬP

Biên soạn: Ths Đào Minh Trung

Lưu hành nội bộ Năm 2010

Lời mở đầu

Giáo trình Anh văn căn bản 3 được biên soạn nhằm giúp sinh viên tự

trao dồi kiến thức tiếng Anh ở mức độ căn bản Giáo trình này cung cấp cho sinh viên nền tảng tiếng Anh dùng cho giao tiếp hàng ngày Bên cạnh đó, các

đề mục ngữ pháp căn bản cũng được giải thích rõ ràng với các bài tập ứng dụng sau mỗi bài hội thoại Ngoài ra, các bài đọc sẽ giúp sinh viên làm quen với kỹ năng đọc trong tiếng Anh

Đề thi mẫu ở cuối giáo trình giúp sinh viên làm quen với dạng đề thi khi kết thúc môn học Phần đáp án ở cuối giáo trình sẽ giúp sinh viên kiểm tra kết quả các phần bài tập sau khi làm xong

Để việc tự học đạt hiệu quả cao, sinh viên nên tra cứu các từ mới và thường xuyên đọc lại các bài đã học để ôn lại từ vựng và ngữ pháp

Mong rằng giáo trình này sẽ phần nào hỗ trợ việc tự học tiếng Anh của sinh viên được tốt hơn

Table of Contents

Unit 1: What’s The Matter? page 01

Unit 2: It’s A Very Exciting City! page 10

Unit 3: Have You Ever Climbed A Mountain? page 18

Unit 4: Tell Me About Your Family page 26

Unit 5: A Change For The Better! page 34

Unit 6: A Time to Remember! page 42

Unit 1

WHAT’S THE MATTER?

CONVERSATIONS

Read this conversation

Brian: Hey, Ken How are you?

Ken: Oh, I’m not so good, actually

Brian: Why? What’s the matter?

Ken: Well, I have a headache And a backache

Brian: Maybe you have the flu

Ken: No, I think I just miss Japan – I feel a little homesick

Brian: That’s too bad But I think I can help Let’s have lunch at that new

Japanese restaurant

Ken: That’s a great idea Thanks, Brian I feel better already

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Have + Noun: nói đến tình trạng sức khỏe, thường trả lời cho câu hỏi What’s the

matter (with you)? hay What’s wrong (with you)?

What’s the matter (with you)? – I have a sore throat

What’s wrong (with you)? – I have a headache

Feel + Adjective = To Be + Adjective: diễn tả cảm nhận về tình trạng sức khỏe, tinh

thần; thường trả lời cho câu hỏi How do you feel? hay How are you?

How do you feel today? – I feel sick

How are you now? – I feel better

Dưới đây là các thành ngữ hay đi với HAVE và FEEL

have a headache: nhức đầu

have an earache: đau tai

have a backache: đau lưng

have a stomachache: đau bao tử

have a toothache: đau răng

feel fine: cảm thấy khỏe feel happy: cảm thấy vui feel good/ better: cảm thấy tốt/ tốt hơn feel great: cảm thấy rất tuyệt

feel terrific: cảm thấy rất tuyệt

have sore eyes: đau mắt

have/ get a cold: bị cảm

have a cough: bị ho

have a fever: bị sốt

have/ get the flu: bị cảm cúm

feel awful: cảm thấy khó chịu feel bad: cảm thấy khó chịu feel sad: cảm thấy buồn feel terrible: cảm thấy khủng khiếp feel tired: cảm thấy mệt mỏi

Read this conversation

Doctor: Hello, Ms West How are you today?

Ms West: I feel terrible

Doctor: So, what’s wrong, exactly?

Ms West: I’m exhausted

Doctor: Why are you so tired?

Ms West: I just can’t sleep at night

Doctor: OK Let’s take a look at you I’m going to give you some pills

Take one pill every night after dinner

Ms West: OK

Doctor: And don’t drink coffee, tea, or soda

Ms West: No soda?

Doctor: No And don’t work too hard

Ms West: All right Thanks, doctor

GRAMMAR FOCUS: Imperatives

Câu mệnh lệnh (imperative) dùng để đưa ra các mệnh lệnh, các chỉ dẫn, yêu cầu ai đó làm gì Câu mệnh lệnh có thể là xác định (yêu cầu ai làm gì) hay phủ định (bảo ai đừng làm gì) Cấu trúc câu mệnh lệnh như sau:

Xác định: VERB + (Object)!

Take a pill every night

Drink lots of juice

Listen and repeat!

Phủ định: DON’T + VERB + (Object)!

Don’t work too hard

Don’t stay up late

Don’t smoke here

Practice 1: Read these instructions and complete the advice (Đọc các lời hướng dẫn

và hoàn thành các lời khuyên sau)

SIMPLE WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR HEALTH

Believe it or not, you can greatly improve your health in these ten simple ways

1 Eat breakfast Breakfast gives you energy for the morning

2 Go for a walk Walking is good exercise, and exercise is necessary for good health

3 Floss your teeth Don’t just brush them Flossing keeps your gums healthy

4 Drink eight cups of water every day Water helps your body in many ways

5 Stretch for five minutes Stretching is important for your muscles

6 Wear a seat belt Every year, seat belts save thousands of lives

7 Do something to challenge your brain For example, do a crossword puzzle or read a new book

8 Moisturize your skin and use sunscreen

9 Get enough calcium Your bones need it Yogurt and milk have calcium Or drink orange juice with calcium added

10 Take a “time-out” – a break of about 20 minutes Do something different For example, get up and walk Or sit down and listen to music

Complete the advice(hoàn thành các lời khuyên)

1 To get exercise,

2 To help your bones, _

3 To help your muscles, _

4 To keep your gums healthy, _

5 To have enough energy for the morning, _

6 To challenge your brain,

Read this conversation

Joan: Hi, Craig! How are you?

Craig: Not so good I have a terrible cold

Joan: Really? That’s too bad! You should be at home in bed It’s really important

to get a lot of rest

Joan: And have you taken anything for it?

Craig: No, I haven’t

Joan: Well, it’s helpful to chop up some garlic and cook it in chicken stock Then drink a cup every half hour It really works!

Craig: Ugh!

GRAMMAR FOCUS

It + Be + Adjective + To Verb … để đề cập đến việc làm nào đó có ích hay có hại

It’s important to get a lot of rest

It’s helpful to chop up some garlic and cook it

Các tính từ thường dùng với cấu trúc này là: helpful, important, necessary, useful

It is important ……

It is a good idea ……

It is useful …

It’s helpful ……

Practice 2: Choose several pieces of good advice for each problem (Hãy cho các lời

khuyên đúng với các triệu chứng bệnh sau)

a take some vitamin C

b put some ointment on it

c drink lots of liquids

d go to bed and rest

e put a heating pad on it

f put it under cold water

g take some aspirin

h get some medicine from the drugstore

i see the dentist

j see the doctor

1 When you have a sore throat, it’s a good idea to drink lots of liquids

2

3

4

Read this conversation

Pharmacist: Hi Can I help you?

Mrs John: Yes, please Could I have something for a cough?

I think I’m getting a cold

Pharmacist: Well, I suggest a box of these cough drops

And you should get a bottle of vitamin C, too

Mrs John: Thank you And what do you have for dry skin?

Pharmacist: Try some of this new lotion It’s very good

Mrs John: Ok Thanks a lot

GRAMMAR FOCUS: CAN, COULD, MAY, SHOULD

Can I + Verb … dùng để xin phép làm gì, hay đề nghị giúp đỡ ai 01 cách lịch sự

Can I help you?

Can I borrow your pen?

Could I + Verb … dùng để xin phép, nhờ ai đó giúp đỡ 01 cách lịch sự hơn Can I + Verb …

Could I have something for a sore throat?

Could I use your computer?

May I + Verb … dùng để xin phép làm gì 01 cách lịch sự (trịnh trọng)

May I have a bottle of aspirin?

May I come in sir?

Should + Verb … Dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên hay lời đề nghị 01 cách lịch sự Đôi khi should + verb … = Verb + (object) …

You should drink a lot of fruit juice

You should stop smoking (= stop smoking)

Have dùng trong câu hỏi What do you have for + tên bệnh? đề hỏi về loại thuốc đặc

trị cho 01 loại bệnh nào đó

What do you have for dry skin? (bạn có thuốc gì trị cho da khô không?)

What do you have for stomachache? (bạn có thuốc trị đau bao tử không?)

Practice 3: Complete the conversations with the words: CAN, COULD, MAY, HAVE,

SHOULD (Hoàn thành các bài hội thoại sau với các chữ Can, Could, May, Have, Should)

1 A: _ help you?

B: Yes _ I have something for tired eyes?

A: Sure I suggest a bottle of eye drops

2 A: What do you _ for sore throat?

B: You _ try a tube of this ointment It’s excellent

A: OK I’ll take it

3 A: _ I have a box of cold tablets, please?

B: Here you are

A: And what do you _ for insomnia?

B: You _ try some of these sleeping pills

A: OK Thanks

READING

Read the article and complete the chart (Đọc bài viết dưới đây và điền thông tin vào bảng)

GRANDMA KNOWS BEST!

When people have a cold, a fever, or the flu, they usually go to the doctor for help, or they get some medicine from the drugstore But many people also use home remedies for common illnesses Here are some simple home remedies

Bee stings and insect bites

Wash the sting or bite Put some meat

tenderizer on a handkerchief and then

put the handkerchief on the bite for half

an hour To avoid insect bites, it’s

helpful to eat garlic or take garlic pills

Burns

Put the burn under cold water or put a

cold handkerchief on it It’s important

not to put ice on the burn

Colds

Lots of people eat hot chicken soup when they have a cold They find it clears the head and the nose Some people rub oil

on their chest for a cold Other people drink a mixture of red pepper, hot water, lemon juice, and milk or vinegar

Insomnia

Drink a large glass of warm milk It’s

also a good idea to soak in a warm bath

water It’s also a good idea to put you hands into hot water and leave them there for several minutes Also, you shouldn’t read or watch TV

Advice Problem

1 hot chicken soup/ rubbing oil on your chest

2 a warm bath/ warm milk

3 garlic/ meat tenderizer

4 an ice pack/ putting your hands in hot water

5 cold water/ cold handkerchief

6 honey/ warm liquids

• Don’t ride a bicycle which is not the right size for you

• Check a bicycle before using it and make sure that the brakes and

steering-wheel work properly and the tires have enough air in them

• When riding a bicycle, always use a cycling track at the side of the road

when there is one

• Don’t ride too fast, especially when going down hills and turning corner

• Control the speed of your bicycle with your brakes, but always use them

gently

• When in a group always ride in single file

• Always keep to the side of the road; do not ride in the middle of the road or

weave back and forth on the road

1 You should ride a bicycle which is

2 Which part of a bicycle is used for changing direction?

3 When is the most dangerous to ride fast?

a When riding along the roads c When going down hills

4 Which part of a bicycle do you use to control the speed?

5 When you are in a hurry you can

a ride in the middle of the road c ride dangerously

b weave back and forth d ride in a cycling track quickly

Read these instructions and choose the best answers (Đọc các chỉ dẫn và chọn câu trả lời đúng)

TEN RULES FOR SAFETY WHEN YOU ARE OUT

You can increase your safety on the streets and on public transport by following

a few simple rules:

1 Avoid walking in badly-lit area at night, but if you must do so-walk with confidence and be firm and positive in your actions

2 Keep your purse or wallet out of view

3 If you carry a handbag, always keeps it with you and never leave it open

4 If you have expensive jewelry, avoid wearing it in the street

5 Carry only small amounts of cash

6 Do not carry your identification, cheque book and cheque card in the same place

7 Do not put door keys in your bag; keep them in your pocket

8 If you are attacked, scream and shout as much as possible Try to get away, but be prepared to give up your valuables rather than risk your injury

9 Try to avoid going out alone Walk or travel with friends if you can

10 On a train, avoid carriages that are empty or have only one other person in

On a bus or train sit near to other passengers so that you can ask for their assistance should you need it

1 According to these rules when you are out at night, what should you do?

a walk where you cannot easily be seen

b always walk with other people

c walk in a bold, relaxed manner

d look around carefully as you walk

2 What are you advised not to carry in your handbag?

3 If you are attacked in the street, what are you advised to do?

a make a lot of noise c try to hurt your attacker

4 According to the rules, when traveling by public transport you should

a sit next to another traveler

b talk to other travelers

c choose crowded carriages or buses

d never travel alone

Unit 2

IT’S A VERY EXCITING CITY!

CONVERSATION

Read this conversation

Linda: Where in Canada are you from, Ken?

Ken: I’m from Toronto

Linda: Oh, I’ve never been there What’s it like?

Ken: It’s a fairly big city, but it’s not too big The nightlife is good too

Linda: Is it expensive there?

Ken: No, it’s not too bad

Linda: And what’s the weather like in Toronto?

Ken: Well, it’s pretty cold in the winter, and very hot and humid in the

summer It’s nice in the spring and fall, though

Linda: So, what kind of entertainment is there in Toronto? Is there a lot to do? Ken: Oh, sure! It’s a very exciting city There’s wonderful theater and music Linda: Wow! Anything else?

Ken: Well, there are some pretty fun dance clubs and really terrific jazz

clubs, too

Linda: Toronto sounds like a great place to visit

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Adjectives (Tính từ): dùng để diễn tả các đặc tính cho danh từ Tính từ luôn đứng trước

danh từ nó bổ nghĩa, hoặc đứng sau động từ TO BE

It’s a beautiful house

He is a good student

We are very tired

Adverbs of degree (Trạng từ chỉ cấp độ) dùng để tăng hay giảm đặc tính của một tính

từ hay một trạng từ khác Các trạng từ cấp độ thường gặp là: very (rất), too (quá), fairly (hơi, khá), really (thực sự), so (quá), rather (khá), quite (khá) Trạng từ chỉ cấp

độ thường đứng trước tính từ hay trạng từ nó bổ nghĩa

This exercise is quite difficult

She is so nice

We feel very happy

Practice 1: Match each adjective in column A with its opposite meaning in column B

(Ghép các tính từ ở cột A với từ trái nghĩa của nó ở cột B)

Read this conversation

David: Can you tell me a little about Mexico City?

Maria: Sure I can What would you like to know?

David: Well, what’s a good time to visit?

Maria: I think you can go anytime The weather is always nice

David: Oh, good! And what should I see there?

Maria: Well, you should visit the National Museum and go to the Palace of

Fine Art

David: What else?

Maria: Oh, you shouldn’t miss the Pyramid of the Sun It’s very exciting David: It all sounds really interesting!

GRAMMAR FOCUS: CAN, SHOULD

Can you + Verb + … dùng để hỏi/ yêu cầu ai làm điều gì một cách lịch sự

Can you help me? –Yes, I can./ - No, I can’t

Can you tell me about Mexico City?

You should (not) + Verb + … dùng để khuyên ai nên/ không nên làm gì

You shouldn’t miss the Pyramid of the Sun

Should I + Verb + … dùng để xin ý kiến hay lời khuyên

What should I see there?

Should I see the doctor?

Practice 2: Complete these sentences about things to do in France Use the verbs from

1 You _ Paris

2 You _ the Eiffel Tower

3 You _ French food

4 You _ shopping at the flea markets

5 You _ a boat ride on the Seine River

6 You _ a morning at the Louvre Museum

should spend can see can go should visit should try shouldn’t miss

Read this conversation

Sandy: Say, do you want to go out to dinner tonight?

Bob: Sure Where would you like to go?

Sandy: Well, what do you think of Indian food?

Bob: I love it, but I’m not really in the mood for it today

Sandy: Yeah I’m not either, I guess It’s a big spicy

Bob: How do you like Japanese food?

Sandy: Oh, I like it a lot

Bob: I do, too And I know a nice Japanese restaurant near here – it’s called

Iroha

Sandy: Oh, I’ve always wanted to go there

Bob: Terrific! Let’s go!

GRAMMAR FOCUS: SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER

Để nói tôi cũng vậy, chúng ta dùng SO hay TOO

I like Japanese food a lot - I do, too/ - So do I

I’m interested in pop music - I am, too/ - So am I

I can swim 100 meters - I can, too/ - So can I

Để nói tôi cũng không, chúng ta dùng EITHER hay NEITHER

I don’t like Indian food - I don’t, either/ - Neither do I

I’m not fine today - I’m not, either/ - Neither am I

Practice 3: Write responses to show agreement with these statements (Hãy viết các

lời hưởng ứng cho các câu sau)

3 I think Mexican food is delicious _

4 I can’t stand greasy food _

6 I’m in the mood for something spicy _

7 I’m crazy about Korean food _

8 I don’t enjoy rich food very much _

Read this conversation

Waiter: May I take your order?

Customer: Yes I’d like a hamburger and a large order of French fries, please Waiter: All right And would you like a salad?

Customer: Yes, I’ll have a mixed green salad

Waiter: OK What kind of dressing would you like?

We have vinaigrette, Italian, and French

Customer: Italian, please

Waiter: And would you like anything to drink?

Customer: Yes, I’d like a large soda, please

GRAMMAR FOCUS: WILL, WOULD

Would like … dùng để diễn tả ý thích, ý muốn (trong việc chọn thức ăn, sở thích)

Trong câu hỏi, (What) would you like … dùng để hỏi ai thích, muốn gì (trong ăn uống) Đôi khi Will có thể dùng như Would trong câu hỏi

Will have … thường dùng để nói lên ý định muốn (ăn, uống) gì

What would you like to eat? - I’d like a hamburger

What would you like to drink? - I would like a large soda

Would you like anything else? - Yes, please / - No, thank you

Practice 4: Complete the conversation using WILL, WOULD, LIKE (Hoàn thành bài

hội thoại sau bằng cách them vào chữ Will hay Would, Like).)

Waitress: What you like to order?

Customer: I have the fried chicken

Waitress: you like rice or potatoes?

Customer: Potatoes, please

Waitress: What kind of potatoes would you ?

Mashed, baked, or French fries?

Customer: I like French fries

Waitress: OK And what will you to drink?

Customer: I guess I have a cup of coffee

Waitress: Would you anything else?

Customer: No, that be all for now, thanks

Later

Waitress: Would you dessert?

Customer: Yes, I like ice cream

Waitress: What flavor you like?

Customer: I have chocolate, please

Waitress: OK I’ll bring it right away

READING

Read description of the three cities Circle the correct city to match each description (Đọc các miêu tả về 03 thành phố Chọn tên thành phố được miêu tả)

FAMOUS CITIES

1 This beautiful city in northeastern Italy is built on about 120 small islands The

city has no roads Instead, people use boats to travel along the canals bottomed boats called gondolas were once the main means of transportation, but today motorboats are more popular You should see St Mark’s Square – the center of activity in this city It has wonderful Renaissance buildings

2 This American city is the main business and cultural center of the Midwest It is famous for its music, opera, and theatre It also has excellent museums When shopping in this city, you can visit a long row of fashionable stores on North Michigan Avenue This area is called the Magnificent Mile One of the world’s tallest buildings, the John Hancock Center, is also on this avenue

3 Travelers use many words to describe this South American city: beautiful,

glamorous, sunny, friendly, and exciting It is the city of the Carnival when everyone dances the samba in the streets Tourists also love to visit its fabulous beaches and mountains You shouldn’t miss the National Park of Tijuca – one

of the largest city parks in the world

Read the article Then answer the questions below (Đọc bài và trả lời các câu hỏi theo sau)

To Tip or Not To Tip?

Canadians and Americans usually tip in places like restaurants, airports, hotels, and hair salons because many people who work in these places get low salaries A tip shows that the customer is pleased with the service

At airports, porters usually get a dollar tip for each bag Hotel bellhops usually get a dollar for carrying one or two suitcases A hotel door attendant or parking valet also gets about a dollar for getting a taxi or for parking a car Many people also tip hotel room attendants, especially when they stay in a hotel for several days They usually leave a dollar for each day

The usual tip for other kinds of services – for example, for taxi drivers, barbers, hairdressers, waiters, and waitresses – is between 10 and 20 percent of the bill The size of the tip depends on how pleased the customer is In most restaurants, the check does not include a service charge If the group is large, however, there may be

an added service charge There is no tipping in cafeterias or fast-food restaurants

1 How much should you tip someone in North America who:

b parks your car at a hotel or restaurant?

c serves you in a fast-food restaurant?

2 What tip should you leave for the following:

Consider the smile It is one of the most easily recognizable human facial expressions We can see a smile on someone’s face from hundreds of feet away But, there is a subtle difference between a genuine smile and a false one For example, when two old friends meet, they smile with their eyes as well as with their lips The muscles of the face contract and pull the lips up, while the muscles around the eyes wrinkle the skin around the corners of the eyes On the other hand, when a clerk in a grocery store smiles politely, the lips move but the smile doesn’t necessarily reach the eyes

We may be able to read common emotions like joy, sadness, and anger from facial expressions, but that’s not all Research suggests that we also tend to judge character, and even stereotype people, based on the shape of their faces In her book

Reading Faces, professor Leslie Zebrowitz documents her research showing that

baby-faced adults (people with big eyes and round cheeks) make the rest of us feel protective, as we do towards children In one study of cases in a Boston courtroom, Zebrowitz found that people with “baby faces” were more likely to be successful than people with more mature-looking faces

So, it might be a good idea to think twice the next time you have a quick impression of someone Your assumptions may or may not be true!

1 People often try to look at faces to learn how someone feels

2 A smile is one of the easiest expressions for people to see

3 A false smile uses muscles near the eyes, but a real smile does not

4 Professor Zebrowitz found that people react in a specific way to

“baby-face” people

5 In the study of court cases, people with mature-looking faces were more

successful

Unit 3

HAVE YOU EVER CLIMBED A MOUNTAIN?

CONVERSATION

Read this conversation

Ted: Are you enjoying your trip to New Orleans?

Brenda: Oh, yes I really like it here

Ted: Would you like to do something tonight?

Brenda: Sure I’d love to

Ted: Let’s see Have you been to a jazz club yet?

Brenda: Yes I’ve already been to several clubs here

Ted: OK What about an evening riverboat tour?

Brenda: Actually, I’ve gone twice this week

Ted: So, what do you want to do?

Brenda: Well, I haven’t been to the theater in a long time

Ted: Oh, OK I hear there’s a terrific show at the Saenger Theater

Brenda: Great! Let’s make a reservation

GRAMMAR FOCUS: Present Perfect Tense

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra trước lúc nói không xác định thời gian, hay một hành động đã xảy ra gần đây (không xác định thời gian) Cấu trúc động từ của thì hiện tại hoàn thành: To Have + VERB-ED/ V3 To Have sẽ chia theo chủ từ số ít (Has) và số nhiều (Have)

I have been to several clubs here

We have gone there twice this week

She has watched that movie many times

Trong câu phủ định, thêm NOT vào phía sau TO HAVE

She has not finished her homework yet (has not = hasn’t)

They have not been in Da Lat (have not = haven’t)

I haven’t been to the theater in a long time

Trong câu hỏi, TO HAVE làm trợ động từ, nên sẽ đặt phía trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word) Trong câu hỏi YES-NO, HAVE (HAVEN’T) hoặc HAS (HASN’T) được dùng trong câu trả lời

Have you ever climbed a mountain? – Yes, I have./ - No, I haven’t

Where have you been for a long time? – I have been to Da Lat

Has she typed the letter yet? – Yes, she has./ - No, she hasn’t

Trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành, ALREADY, YET, JUST, EVER, NEVER, RECENTLY

= LATELY thường được dùng với các ý nghĩa khác nhau:

Already: sau động từ TO HAVE, diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra rồi

Just: sau động từ TO HAVE, diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra gần đây

Recently: sau TO HAVE hay cuối câu, diễn tả hành động vừa mới hoàn thành Yet: thường ở cuối câu, hay dùng với câu phủ định (nghĩa vẫn chưa)

Ever: sau TO HAVE, thường xuất hiện trong câu hỏi (để hỏi về kinh nghiệm) Never: sau TO HAVE, để chỉ ai đó chưa bao giờ kinh nghiệm về 01việc gì

I have already finished my homework

We have just returned from our trip

They have worked very hard recently

She has not made any progress yet

Have you ever had a toothache?

He has never been abroad

Practice 1: Complete these conversations, using present perfect tense (Hoàn thành

các bài hội thoại, sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành của động từ)

1 A: Have you done much exercise this week?

B: Yes, I _ already _ to aerobic class four times (be)

2 A: Have you played any sports this month?

B: No, I the time (have)

3 A: How many movies have you been to this month?

B: Actually, I any yet (see)

4 A: Have you been to any interesting parties lately?

B: No, I to any parties for a while (go)

5 A: Have you called any friends today?

B: Yes, I _ already _ three calls (make)

6 A: How many times have you gone out to eat this week?

Read this conversation

Dave: So, how was your weekend?

Sue: Oh, really good I went to see David Copperfield

Dave: The magician?

Sue: That’s right Have you ever seen him?

Dave: Yes, I have I saw his show in Las Vegas last year He’s terrific

Sue: Yeah He does some incredible things

Dave: Have you ever been to Las Vegas?

Sue: No, I’ve never been there

Dave: You should go sometime It’s an interesting city, and the hotels are

wonderful

GRAMMAR FOCUS: Present Perfect vs Simple Past

Thì quá khứ đơn (V-ed/ V2) diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở 01 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

We went to the movie last weekend

He stayed up late yesterday

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (To Have + V-ed/ V3) diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành xong trước lúc nói, không xác định rõ thời gian

We have gone to the movie many times

He has stayed up late recently

Để nhận biết được thì nào sẽ được sử dụng trong tình huống, ta cần lưu ý các từ dấu hiệu Trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành hay có các từ như: just, recently, already, ever, yet, never Trong thì quá khứ đơn thường có các từ như: yesterday, last, ago, hay thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

We have never gone to Da Lat

They went to Da Lat last summer

Practice 2: Complete these conversations Use the present perfect and the past simple

of the verbs given and short answers (Hoàn thành các bài hội thoại sau, chia động từ

ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn, và trong các câu trả lời ngắn)

1 A: you ever skiing? (go)

B: Yes, I I skiing once in Colorado

2 A: you ever something valuable? (lose)

B: No, I But my brother his camera on a trip once

3 A: you ever a traffic ticket? (get)

B: Yes, I Once I a ticket and had to pay $50

4 A: you ever a body-building competition? (see)

B: Yes, I I the National Championships this year

5 A: you ever late for an important appointment? (be) B: No, I But my sister 30 minutes late for her

wedding!

6 A: you ever _ to a picnic at the beach? (be)

B: Yes, I It was fun!

7 A: you dinner at home last night? (have)

B: No, I I out for dinner (go)

8 A: you sushi? (try)

B: No, I _, but I’d like to

9 A: you breakfast this morning? (have)

B: Yes, I I a huge breakfast (eat)

10 A: you ever at a Mexican restaurant? (eat)

B: Yes, I The food was delicious!

READING

TAKING THE RISK

Sport World magazine spoke with Jenny Adams, Tom Barker, and Ray Lee about risky sports

SW: Hang gliding is a dangerous sport Jenny, what do you enjoy about the sport,

and have you ever had an accident?

Jenny: No, I’ve never been seriously injured Maybe I’ve just been lucky Once, my

glider turned upside down, and I lost control I almost crashed, but I parachuted away just in time And I’ve always felt hand gliding is quite safe – though landing is sometimes difficult But it’s fantastic to be able to fly like a bird! SW: Tom, you’ve been mountain climbing for ten years now What are some of the

dangers that you’ve experienced?

Tom: High attitudes are hard on the human body I’ve experienced lack of oxygen,

tiredness, and dehydration I’ve lived through storms, avalanches, and strong

SW: What exactly are the bends, Ray? And have you ever experienced them while

scuba-diving?

Ray: You get the bends when you’ve been deep under water If you come up out of

the water too quickly, bubbles form in your blood The bends can be serious, and they can even cause death But the bends are rare Scuba-diving isn’t really dangerous And it lets you explore another world

Complete the chart to summarize what Jenny, Tom, and Ray enjoy about the sports they describe (Hoàn thành bảng tóm tắt về những điều Jenny, Tom, và Ray thích về môn thể thao họ kể)

Sports What they enjoy The danger(s)

Eating for Energy

Many professional sports teams have recently added a new member to their organization – a nutritionist That’s because athletes have become aware that food affects performance You don’t have to be an athlete to notice this effect If you’ve ever skipped breakfast and then tried to clean the house, you know that you need food for energy Here are some tips about eating to increase your physical performance:

1 Eat enough food Your body needs a certain number of calories each day If you’re too thin, you’ll often feel tired and you’ll be more likely to get sick

2 Read the labels on food products This information will tell you how nutritious the foods are

3 Avoid eating foods that are high in simple carbohydrates, that is, sugars A chocolate bar will give you energy, but then it will leave you feeling even more tired

4 Eat a balanced diet, one that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, and fat Use the food pyramid to help you decide how much to eat of each type of food Complex carbohydrates provide the body with “fuel” They are found in fruits

and vegetables, and in bread, rice, pasta, and other foods made from grains The body uses protein to build muscles, and it uses fat to absorb the vitamins in food Protein and fat are found in foods like milk, cheese, meat, fish, and eggs Too much fat, however, can be harmful

1 You shouldn’t eat foods that are high in complex carbohydrates

2 Fruits and vegetables are a good source of protein

3 A person should eat more carbohydrates than fat or meat

4 If you’ll too thin, you might get sick easily

Read the article and decide whether these statements are True or False (Đọc bài dưới đây và xác định xem các câu sau đúng hay sai)

A Memory Artist

The place in these pictures is a town in Italy called Pontito Franco Magnani is

an artist who has painted over one hundred pictures of Pontito, his childhood home The paintings are surprisingly accurate This is even more surprising because Magnani does not live there now and has not returned to the town since he left in

1958 Until recently, he had not even seen a photograph of the town He paints his pictures entirely from memory

Magnani is a self-taught artist He began painting in 1965, eight years after he left Pontito, because he was sick and unable to work His first painting was of the house where he was born After that, painting scenes of his native village became the focus of his life Magnani says that he drew or painted particular scenes to bring back pleasant memories For example, a picture of the hills around the village reminds him of the joy he felt walking with his father as a child

Many of his paintings begin with a kind of memory flash, where a certain scene suddenly comes into his head He feels urgency to get the scene onto paper immediately The “flash” he describes is not static like a photograph When he closes his eyes to picture a part of the town, he can look around and “see” in several directions In fact, he moves his body, turning left and right to imagine what would

be on the left or on the right in a scene of Pontito

Most of the paintings seem more inviting than the scenes in the photographs Through the paintings, Magnani creates a world as quiet and dreamy as a childhood memory

1 Magnani left his hometown in 1958

2 He uses photographs of the village when he paints

3 He always wanted to be an artist

4 When he began painting, he didn’t have a job

5 Some of his paintings are related to good childhood memories

6 The scenes he sees in his mind are exactly like photographs

Read the article and choose the best answers (Đọc bài dưới đây và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất)

SINGLES FIND A NEW PLACE TO MEET AT THE SUPERMARKET

On a recent Thursday night, Clara Allen went to her local supermarket to look for something different Not dish detergent or a pound of vegetables, but a nice man She was not the only one Dozens of singles attended “Singles Night” at the Fresh Fields Whole Food market near Washington, D.C The store started the monthly event in June, and the evenings have become very popular

Meeting by organic vegetables may sound unromantic, but for many people

it is a good alternative to night clubs “I like this better,” said Clara Allen, 34, a recreation specialist dressed in jeans and a white blouse “No one is drinking No one is smoking And you don’t have to sound.”

For five-dollar contribution, singles write their names on a white button and use stickers to announce their hobbies They can also listen to live music and watch modern dance and even ballet in the grocery store Not everyone could relax One local businessman, uncomfortable in gray suit, put his button in his pocket “I’m shy,” he admitted

Clara Allen’s evening was a success She met Rob, a 44-year-old marketing manager, while buying some cake in the baked good department The two discuss their lives and their jobs, and found out they had a lot in common

1 Singles Night is held

2 Clara Allen likes Singles Night at the supermarket because he

3 The businessman was uncomfortable because he

a didn’t like the music

b was not confident to meet new people

c didn’t have button

d was not happy to make friends

4 Clara’s night was a success because she

Unit 4

TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FAMILY

CONVERSATION

Read this conversation

Rita: Tell me about your brother and sister, Sue

Sue: Well, my sister is a lawyer

Rita: Really? Does she live here in Seattle?

Sue: Yes, she does But she’s working in Washington, D.C., right now Her

job is top secret

Rita: Wow! And what does your brother do?

Sue: He’s a painter He’s working in Argentina this month He has an

exhibition there

Rita: What an interesting family!

Sue: What about your parents, Rita? Where do they live?

Rita: They live in Texas

Sue: Oh, where in Texas?

Rita: In Austin It’s a small city, but it’s very nice

Sue: And are they still working?

Rita: Oh, yes My mother is teaching at the university there, and my father is

an architect

GRAMMAR FOCUS: Present Continuous Tense vs Present Simple

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (To Be + V-ING) dùng để diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại (ngay lúc nói) Thì hiện tại đơn (AM, IS, ARE, V-S/ ES, V) dùng để diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên đúng, chân lý, sở thích, thói quen hàng ngày

I read newspaper every morning Now I am reading a novel

She usually sits at the first table Today, she is sitting at the last table

They often have breakfast at home

Right now, they are having breakfast in the canteen

Lưu ý: Các trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên hay xuất hiện trong thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

Practice 1: Complete the conversation, using present simple or present continuous

(Hoàn thành các bài hội thoại, sử dụng hiện tại đơn hay hiện tại tiếp diễn)

1 A: Is anyone in your family looking for a job?

B: Yes, my sister is She (work) part-time in a restaurant now, but she (look) for a job in a theater company She _ (love) acting

2 A: What is your brother doing these days?

B: He _ (go) to college this semester He (like) it

a lot He _ (study) mathematics

3 A: Where do your parents live?

B: They (live) in Chicago most of the time, but they

(stay) in Florida this winter They _ (have) a house there

4 A: _ you _ (know) where Linda is?

B: Oh, she (not be) here today She only _ (work) four days a week She _ (not work) on Fridays She will be here on Monday

A: Thank you You _ (know) a lot about Linda

B: Well, most days I (give) her a lift, or she (give) me one She _ (live) quite close to me

5 I haven’t got a car at the moment, so I _ (go) to work by bus this week Usually, I _ (drive) to work

6 I’m afraid I have no time to help just now I _ (write) a report But I (promise) I’ll give you some help later

Read this conversation

A: Excuse me I’m your new neighbor, Jack I just moved in

B: Oh Yes?

A: I’m looking for a grocery store Are there any around here?

B: Yes, there are some on Pine Street

A: OK And is there a laundromat near here?

B: Well, I think there’s one across from the shopping center

A: Thank you

A: A barber shop?

GRAMMAR FOCUS: There + Be

Cấu trúc THERE IS/ARE + NOUN dùng để miêu tả sự vật hiện hữu Noun trong cấu trúc này là chủ từ, do đó, TO BE sẽ chia phù hợp với Noun theo sau nó

There is a book on the table

There are many people in this class

There are some pens in the box

Trong câu phủ định, NOT được thêm và phía sau TO BE

There isn’t any water in the bottle

There aren’t many places to visit in this town

There isn’t a movie theatre in this town

Trong câu hỏi, TO BE đặt trước THERE Đối với câu hỏi YES-NO, There + be (not)

được dùng trong câu trả lời

Is there a laundromat near here? – Yes, there is./ - No, there isn’t

Are there any books about tourism? – Yes, there are./ - No, there aren’t

How many people are there in your family? – There are 4 people in my family How many books are there in your bag? – There is only one book

How much noise is there in your town? – There isn’t much

Thông thường, câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng HOW MUCH và HOW MANY thường sử dụng THERE BE khi hỏi về số lượng

How much coffee is there in the cup? – There is a little

How many trees are there around your house? – There are many trees

Practice 2: Complete the sentences with There are (not)/ There is (not) (Hoàn thành

các câu sau với There is (not) hay There are (not))

1 _ a gym opposite the theatre

2 _ some trees in front of the post office

3 _ many restaurants along Pine Street

4 _ a department store and a bank on the First Avenue

5 _ two hotels and a laundromat on Main Street

6 How many sentences in your essay?

7 How much honey in the jar?

8 A: a pay phone around here?

B: Yes, one across from the post office

9 A: How many restaurants _ in your neighborhood?

B: _ a lot, actually a great pizza place on the

corner And a good Chinese restaurant on the next block

any good restaurants close to your place?

A: Unfortunately, any But a big public park and

a sports center just down the street

Japan

Japan’s cities also have a mix of traditional and modern characteristics There are tall office and apartment buildings as well as traditional wooden houses Many people prefer to live near the center of cities, but because houses there are expensive, they often commute from suburbs Traffic, pollution, and crowds are problems However, there is little crime, and even very crowded cities have many parks and gardens

Australia

Although 80% of Australians live near cities, the cities are not as large as those in some other countries Most people live in houses in suburbs – not in apartments The suburbs usually have their own churches, schools, and shopping centers They also have recreational facilities In large cities, like Sydney, the suburbs are often far from the center of town Because many people commute to work, traffic is slow

Decide whether these statements are True or False (Hãy quyết định xem các câu sau đúng hay sai)

1 There are outdoor marketplaces in Australian cities

2 On Sunday, most parks in Mexico are crowded

3 Houses in Japan are not expensive

4 Japanese still live in wooden houses

5 Most Australians have houses in the suburbs

6 Japanese and Australians often commute to work

7 Traffic and air pollution are the problem of big cities

Read the passage

SAME TIME, SAME PLACE?

It’s the end of August and the monarch butterflies - hundreds of millions of them – are doing the same thing they do every year at this time They are beginning their trip to central Mexico from Canada and the United States Most of butterflies get there in about six weeks

Every year, these butterflies with the orange and black wings travel from different places in North America to the same mountain forests in the central Mexico ( about 80miles from Mexico city) Because there are so many butterflies, the forest look orange, not green! Every tree –every leaf, every branch – is covered from top to bottom with butterflies When a breeze blows, the forest seems to move!

In March, the butterflies leave their Mexican forest and travel to different places in the United States and Canada Some go to the East coast; some go to forests; some go to mountains But in August, the butterflies always go to the same place that their grandparents left seven months before

Will the monarch butterflies make this trip next year—same time, same place? The year after? The year after that? Maybe not Logging companies are cutting down the butterflies’ forests If their logging continues, the monarch butterflies’ travels—and lives—may end

Decide whether these statements are True or False (Hãy quyết định xem các câu sau đúng hay sai)

1 Monarch butterflies are orange and black

2 The forest in Mexico has trees with orange leaves

3 The monarch butterflies all go to the same place in the United States 4 The monarch butterflies all go to the same place in Mexico

5 1000000 monarch butterflies go to Mexico every year

6 The monarch butterflies only live on the top of the trees in Mexico 7 The monarch butterflies know where to go in Mexico because they were

When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food You walk in the aisles between the shelves, pushing your shopping cart You probably hear soft, slow music in the supermarket This kind of music is playing to relax you and make you walk slowly If you hear fast music, you will probably walk quickly and leave the supermarket after a short time Supermarket managers know that if they play slow, relaxing music in the store, people will probably stay longer and buy more food

Where do you go in the supermarket when you first arrive? Many people go to the meat section first This area of the store has many different kinds of meat Some kinds are expensive and others are not Usually, some kind of meat is on sale – it has a special low price The manager of the store knows where customers usually enter the meat section The meat on sale is usually at the other end of the section, away from where the customers enter If you want to buy this specially priced meat, you have to walk by the more expensive meat first Maybe you will see something that you want to buy before you reach the cheaper, inexpensive

The dairy section sells milk and milk products such as butter and cheese Many customers like milk that is low in fat Some supermarkets sell three different containers of low-fat milk Each container looks different, but each contains the same product One says “1% fat”, one says “99% fat free”, and one says “low-fat”

in big letters and “1%” in very small letters If you look carefully you can see that all the milk has the same amount of fat, and each container is the same size The prices of all three should be the same However, in many stores these three containers of milk would each have a different price The store will make more money if a customer chooses the milk that costs the most

Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive People stop to look at products in attractive containers If they don’t look carefully at the prices and the contents of each container, they might spend more money The next time you are in the supermarket, pay attention to how the products are arranged on the shelves and

in the different sections Read the packages and containers Remember, many products will say, “Buy me!” Stop and think Which ones are the best value for your money?

A Main idea

Circle the main idea of the reading (Khoanh tròn câu mang ý chính của bài)

1 Butter is in the dairy section

2 The supermarket is designed to make you buy some things

3 Customers push shopping carts in the aisles

4 Most food in the supermarket is attractive

B Details

Circle the best answer (Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng)

1 In the supermarket, people walk in the _

2 The manager knows _

A which customers like slow music

B which customers like low-fat milk

C how you decide which products to buy

D where customers enter the meat section