CONVERSATION
Study the verb forms in this conversation. (Hãy quan sát hình thức động từ trong bài hội thoại sau)
A: Did you have a good weekend?
B: Yes, I did. But I feel a little tired today.
A: Really? Why?
B: Well, on Saturday, I exercised in the morning. Then my roommate and I cleaned and shopped. And then I visited my parents.
A: So what did you do on Sunday?
B: I studied for the test all day.
A: Oh, no! Do we have a test today? I didn’t study! I just watched TV all weekend!
GRAMMAR: Simple Past Tense of Verbs
Trong bài đối thoại trên, động từ được chia ở thì quá khứ do các hành động đã xảy ra rồi. Thì quá khứ được thiết lập dựa trên hình thức của động từ: Verb + ED/ D. Trong câu thường có các từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ như: yesterday, last week, last month, etc.
Yesterday I studied all morning.
She watched TV all weekend.
We cleaned the house on Saturday.
Trong câu phủ định, trợ động từ DID + NOT được thêm vào phía trước động từ. Lúc này động từ trở về hình thức nguyên mẫu.
I did not study last Sunday. (did not = didn’t) She did not go shopping last weekend.
They didn’t watch TV last night.
Trong câu hỏi, DID được đặt trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word), lúc này động từ chính trở về hình thức nguyên mẫu. Trong câu hỏi YES – NO, DID (DIDN’T) được lặp lại trong câu trả lời
I visited a friend last Sunday. => Who did you visit last Sunday?
She played basketball yesterday. => What did she play yesterday?
I listened to music last night. => Did you listen to music last night?
Did you watch TV last night? – Yes, I did (hoặc No, I didn’t) Lưu ý:
1. Đối với động từ thường theo quy tắc, khi chuyển sang thì quá khứ, chỉ cần thêm ED vào phía sau động từ. Nếu động từ tận cùng là E, chỉ cần thêm D.
work => worked cook => cooked call => called listen => listened exercise => exercised need => needed invite => invited clean => cleaned watch => watched wash => washed ask => asked stay => stayed
Các động từ tận cùng là Y, trước nó là phụ âm (không phải các chữ cái A, E, I, O, U) thì biến Y => I rồi thêm ED, như study => studied.
Các động từ chỉ có 01 vần, tận cùng là phụ âm, và trước đó là 01 nguyên âm (các chữ cái A, E, I, O, U) thì phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm ED.
stop => stopped shop => shopped beg => begged plan => planned nhưng
seem => seemed (vì có 02 nguyên âm đứng trước phụ âm) play => played (Y không phải là phụ âm)
stay => stayed
2. Các động từ bất quy tắc, tham khảo trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc, cột simple past.
Dưới đây là một số động từ bất quy tắc thường gặp.
buy => bought feel => felt come => came get up => got up
go => went drink => drank
eat => ate have => had
meet => met read => read /red/
see => saw sleep => slept
ride => rode drive => drove think => thought teach => taught
spend => spent do => did
Practice 1: Complete these sentences with the simple past tense of the verbs. (Hoàn thành câu với thì quá khứ của động từ)
1. I waited (wait) for a phone call, but my girlfriend did not call (not call).
2. I __________ (stay) home and __________ (watch) TV.
3. My friend __________ (visit) me. We _________ (talk) and __________
(listen) to music.
4. We _________ (invite) some friends over, and we _________ (cook) a great meal.
5. I __________ (study) on Saturday, but I _____________ (not work) on Sunday.
I ___________ (walk) to the mall and __________ (shop) all day.
6. A: _______ you ________ (have) a good weekend?
B: Yes, I _______. I _________ (have) a great weekend. I just relaxed.
7. A: _______ you __________ (eat out) on Friday night?
B: No, I ________. Some friends _________ (come) over. We _________ (eat) dinner at my apartment. Then we _________ (go) to a movie.
8. A: _______ you _______ (read) the newspaper this morning?
B: Yes, I ______. I _________ (read) it at work.
9. A: _______ you ________ (have) breakfast this morning?
B: No, I _________. I ___________ (get up) late. But I __________ (buy) a cup of coffee and __________ (drink) it on the bus.
10. A: How ______ you _________ (spend) your last birthday?
B: I _________ (have) a party. Everyone _________ (enjoy) it, but the neighbors ____________ (complain) about the noise.
11. A: What _______ you ________ (do) last night?
B: I ________ (go) to the new Tom Cruise film. I _________ (love) it!
12. A: _______ you ________ (do) anything special over the weekend?
B: Yes, I _______. I _________ (go) shopping. Unfortunately, I __________
(spend) all my money. Now I’m broke.
Study the verb forms in this conversation. (Hãy chú ý động từ trong bài hội thoại sau) A: Hi, Celia! How was your trip to the United States?
B: It was terrific. I really enjoyed it.
A: Great. How long were you away?
B: I was there for about three weeks.
A: That’s a long time! Was the weather OK?
B: Yes, most of the time. But it snowed a lot in Chicago.
A: So, what was the best thing about your trip?
B: Oh, that’s difficult to say. But I guess I liked Nashville the best.
GRAMMAR: Simple Past Tense with TO BE
Ở thì quá khứ đơn, TO BE có 02 hình thức chính: WAS và WERE. WAS dùng cho chủ từ số ít, WERE dùng cho chủ từ số nhiều.
The weather was good yesterday.
We were here last Sunday.
Trong câu phủ định, NOT được thêm vào sau WAS và WERE.
He was not at home last night. (was not = wasn’t)
They were not at the cinema last Saturday. (were not = weren’t) I wasn’t well this morning.
Trong câu hỏi, WAS và WERE đặt trước chủ từ và sau từ để hỏi (WH-word). Trong câu hỏi YES – NO, WAS (WASN’T) và WERE (WEREN’T) được lặp lại trong câu trả lời.
Were they at home last Saturday? – No, they weren’t. They went to a movie.
Where were you last Sunday? – I was at home.
Was she at school this morning? – Yes, she was.
Practice 2: Complete these conversations with WAS or WERE. (Hoàn thành các bài hội thoại sau với WAS hay WERE)
1. A: How long ________ your parents in Europe?
B: They ________ there for a month.
A: ________ they in London the whole time?
B: No, they ________. They also went to Paris and Madrid.
2. A: ________ you away last weekend?
B: Yes, I ________. I ________ in San Francisco.
A: How ________ it?
B: It ________ great.
A: How ________ the weather?
B: Oh, it ________ foggy and cool as usual.
3. A: I ________ in Istanbul last summer.
B: Really? How long ________ you there?
A: For six weeks.
B: ________ you there on business or on vacation?
A: I ________ there on business.
READING