Tổng hợp từ vựng, ngữ pháp tiến g anh lớp 12

Hiện tại tiếp diễn Present progressive - Chỉ hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói.. - Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần.. - Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong qu

REVISION

1 Cách nhận biết từ loại:

a Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau:

-TION/ -ATION invention, information, education

-ENCE/-ANCE difference, importance

-NESS richness, happiness, business

-ER (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer

-OR (chỉ người) inventor, visitor, actor

-IST (chỉ người) physicist, biologist, chemist

-AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee

-ISM (chủ nghĩa) pessimism, optimism

-(I)TY possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty

(verb)-AL refusal, arrival, survival

-TH warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth

b Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau:

-FUL successful, helpful, beautiful

-LESS (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless

(noun)-Y (có nhiều) rainy, snowy, windy

(noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày ) friendly, yearly, daily

(noun)-AL (thuộc về) natural, cutural

-ABLE comfortable, acceptable

c Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hoặc hậu tố sau:

Tiền tố EN- endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage

(động viên)

-FY classify, satisfy, beautify

-IZE, -ISE socialize, modernize, industrialize

-EN widen, frighten

-ATE considerate, translate

d Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY Ex:

beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently

Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:

- good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt

- late (a) late: trễ, chậm lately (adv): mới đây, gần đây

- ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém

- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh

- hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không

2 Chức năng của một số từ loại:

a Danh từ (Noun)

Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books.

Sau

- mạo từ: a /an / the

- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those,

every, each, …

- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few,

little, several

- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your,

our, their, its…

He is a student.

These flowers are beautiful She needs some water.

Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books.

She meets a lot of people.

Sau giới từ (prep + N) He talked about the story

yesterday

He is interested in music.

Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived.

Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to

buy that house

b Tính từ (Adj)

Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books.

Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste,

smell, seem keep, make … It becomes hot. She feels sad.

The news made me happy.

Sau trạng từ (adv + adj):

extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn

toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very,

quite, rather, …

It is extremely cold.

I’m terribly sorry.

She is very beautiful.

Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small.

Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large

A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their,

my, … + (Adj) + Noun

My new car is blue.

Trong câu cảm thán:

- How + adj + S + V

- Wht + (a / an) + adj + N

How beautiful the girl is!

What an interesting film!

c Trạng từ (Adv)

man

Giữa cụm V

- have / has + adv + V3/-ed

- am/ is/ are + adv + V3/-ed

She has already finished the job.

The party was well prepared.

Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the

adv + that Jack drove so fast that he causedan accident

Trước enough V + adv +

EXERCISE

Choose the best answers

1 Life here is very _

peacefulness

2 Women usually don’t shake hands when being _

A introducing B introduction C introduced D introducer

3 He was so _ that he had an accident

A caring B careless C careful D carefully

4 Farmers can enrich the soil by using

A fertile B fertility C fertilize D fertilizers

5 Nowadays, chemicals are into some fruits to reduce decay

A injection B injecting C inject D injected

6 What’s your _ ? – I’m Vietnamese

A nation B national C nationality D

international

7 In this course, students receive _ in the basic English grammar

A instruct B instructional C instruction D instructive

8 I _ him for his honesty

A respective B respectful C respectable D respect

9 All of the students appreciate the of English learning

A import B important C importantly D

11 Learning English has become a in our country

A necessitate B necessary C necessity D necessarily

12 Computers are used in schools and universities

13 He retired at the of 60

14 My teacher always give us a clear

A explain B explained C explanatory D

explanation

15 The _ of the moon for the earth causes the tides

A attract B attracted C attractive D attraction

16 Your bad result made me

A disappoint B disappointment C disappointed D

disappointing

17 Getting such a well-paid job is very beyond my

A expect B expected C expecting D

19 She has made an _ for the job as a nursery

teacher because she like children

A apply B applicant C application D applicator

20 Daisy has been out of work for 3 months She stay at home and does the housework _

A disappoint B disappointed C disappointedly D

disappointing

21 She is a biologist She is interested in _

A conserves B conservancy C conservation D

conservative

22 There is no for them to do that

23 The _ development leads to our country’s

prosperity

A industry B industries C industrial D

industrialize

24 Farmers their land to make it _

A fertilize / product B fertilizer / productive C

fertilize / production D fertilize / productive

25 Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce A electric B electricity C electrician D electrify UNIT 1: HOME LIFE A READING - night shift: ………

- biology ( ) - biologist ( ): ………

- biological ( ): ………

- join hands: work together ………

- (be) willing to + V1: ………

- household chores: ………

- run the household: ………

- make sure ………

- rush = hurry = go quickly (v) ………

- responsibility ( ): ………

- responsible for (a): ………

- take the responsibility for + V-ing: ……….

- pressure (n): ………

- (be) under pressure: ………

- caring (a) ………

- take out = remove: ………

- mischievous ( ): ………

- give s.o a hand = help s.o: ………

- o’bedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a): ………

- obedience (n): ………

- obey ( ): ………

- close – knit: ………

- supportive of ………

- ‘frankly (adv): ………

- frank (a): ………

- make a decision = decide (v) ………

- solve (v): ………

- solution ( ): ………

- secure (a) = safe (a) ………

- security (n): ………

- (be) crowded with ………

- well – behaved (a): ………

- confidence (n): ………

- confident in s.o (a): ………

- base (n) / based on = rely on ………

- come up = appear, happen ………

- hard-working (a) ………

- be good at ………

Task 1 (Textbook page 14)

Task 2:

1 Who makes dinner in the family?

A the father B the daughterC the son D the mother

2 Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A There are five people in the family

B The father sometimes goes home late

C The father doesn’t help anything in housework

D This family has a close-knit relationship

3 What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school?

A win a place at university B get over the study

pressure

C help her family with the household chores D pass the final exam

4 How are the boys like?

C quite obedient and hard working D sometimes obedient and hard working

5 The word “them” in the last line refers to

weekends

B SPEAKING + C LISTENING

Choose the best answer

1 “ ?” – Yes, I’d like to

A How do you do? B How about something to drink

C What about going shopping? D What do you like doing?

2 I’d like the blue jacket, please? Can you try it on? - “ ”

A Yes, you would B Yes, you must C Yes, certainly D Yes, you do

3 “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift, Tom ” _ Tom: “ _”

A Thank you B Cheers C Have a good day D You are welcome

4 Alice: “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” -

Mary: “ _.”

A Not at all B That’s a good idea C No, thanks D Let’s go

5 An: “Do you think it will rain?” - Binh: “ Oh! ”

A I don’t hope so B I don’t hope C It’s hopeless D I hope not

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others.

6 a village b dangerous c gossip d passenger

characteristic

9 a iron b celebrate c parents d restaurant

11 a friend b anniversary c birthday d cream

d question

14 a there b than c thought

d though

Choose the word whose primary stress is different from others.

16 a biologistb counterpart c compliment d kindergarten

d inflation

18 a renovation b dictionary c intervention

d expedition

19 a simple b polite c formal d instant

20 a beautifulb terrific c wonderful d

marvelous

21 a conical b different c romantic d careful

22 a cultural b mischievous c interesting d responsible

24 a hospital b obedient c supportive d biology

Ex: She let me (use) - her pen

Students have to (wear) - uniform when going to school

My mother permitted me (go) - out with my friends

I was allowed (go) - out with my friends

She doesn’t allow (smoke) - in her room

2 The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it.

* Cách phát âm của –s / -es

- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng

* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ /

* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/

* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại

- Examples:

* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs …

* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes…

* /z/: bells, eyes, plays …

Note: Các từ: photograph, cough, laugh có âm cuối là âm /f/

Wh- + do / does + S + V1…? Wh - + S + is / are …?

* Cách dùng:

- Chỉ thói quen ở hiện tại

Ex: She usually gets up at 6 a.m

- Chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý

Ex: Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade

- Chỉ hành động trong tương lai được đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch

Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th

* Dấu hiệu:

every (every day, every week, every night,… ) often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, normally, occasionally, as a rule……

twice a week, once a week….

2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present progressive)

- Chỉ hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói

Ex: Listen! Someone is knocking at the door

I am studying English now

- Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần

Ex: We are having a birthday party next week

Ex: He is always talking in the class

- Hai hành động xảy ra song song ở hiện tại

Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now

S + have / has + V3/-ed

S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed

Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…?

* Cách dùng:

- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định

Ex: I haven’t met him before.

- Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất

Ex: She has just finished her homework.

- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai

Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years.

* Dấu hiệu:

never, ever, recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới),

already (đã rồi)

since + mốc thời gian: từ, từ khi

for + khoảng thời gian,

so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: cho tới bây giờ

before (trước đây), yet, (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)

many times, several times: nhiều lần

how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five

times…

in the last / past + số năm in the last five years: trong năm năm qua

4 Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

* Công thức:

S + have / has + been + V-ing

S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing Wh- + have / has + S + been + V-ing …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai nhưng nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động

Ex: I’ve been working here for ten years now.

* Dấu hiệu: for + khoảng thời gian + now,

5 Quá khứ đơn ( Simple Past)

* Công thức:

V thường to be

S + V2/-ed S + was / were …

S + didn’t + V1 S + wasn’t / weren’t … Wh- + did + S + V1…? Wh - + S + was / were

…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Ex: We bought this car two years ago.

- Một thói quen trong quá khứ.

Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river

- Một chuỗi hành động trong quá khứ

Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner

in the past, in the old times, …: trước đây, ngày xưa

6 Quá khứ tiếp diễn ( Past continuous) :

* Công thức:

S + was / were + V-ing

S + was / were + not + V-ing

Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?

- Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy racắt ngang

Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home

- Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ

Ex: While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books

* Dấu hiệu:

At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ

At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while…

Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động ngắn dùng quá khứ

đơn; hành động dài dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn

Last night, when they were having dinner, she entered their room

7 Quá khứ hoàn thành ( Past perfect)

* Công thức:

S + had + V3/-ed

S + hadn’t + V3/-ed

Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ

Ex: He had left the house before she came.

- Một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: We had had lunch by two o’clock yesterday.

By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels

* Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian

trong quá khứ

Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động trước dùng QKHT,

hành động sau dùng QKĐ

Ex: She had finished her work before she went out

8 Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

* Công thức:

S + had been + V-ing

S + hadn’t been + V-ing Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ nhưng nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục của hành động

Ex: We had been waiting for two hours before she came

* Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (không có dự tính)

Ex: - They will come here next week

- The football match will be over at 7 o’clock

- Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn)

Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?

- Một quyết định đưa ra vào thời điểm nói

Ex: The bag is very heavy – I’ll help you

* Dấu hiệu:

next… ( next week, next month, … ), someday, tomorrow, soon,

in + năm trong tương lai, in the future …

Note: Để diễn tả một hành động có dự định hay một dự đoán trong tương lai,

ta có thể dùng BE GOING TO + V1:

S + am / is / are + going to + V1

Ex: - Why do you buy a lot of suger? – I’m going to make a cake

- Look at those clouds! It is going to rain

10 Tương lai tiếp diễn ( Future continuous) :

* Công thức:

S + will / shall + be + V-ing

S + won’t / shan’t + be + V-ing Wh- + will / shall + S + be + V-ing …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai

Ex: - At 9a.m tomorrow, we will be studying Math

* Dấu hiệu:

at + giờ trong tương lai (at 10 p.m tomorrow, at 7 pm tonight…)

at this time + thời gian tương lai (at this time next summer, at this

time next month …)

11 Tương lai hoàn thành ( Future perfect) :

* Công thức:

S + will have + V3/-ed

S + won’t have + V3/-ed Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hay một hành động khác trong tương lai

Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters

Before you go home tonight, I will have prepared dinner

* Dấu hiệu:

by + mốc thời gian, by the time, before …

EXERCISE

I Pronunciation:

8 A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests

9 A helps B coughs C cooks D finds

13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes

tasks

16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses

17 A villages B whistles C assures D

costumes

18 A offers B mounts C kitchens D words

20 A sports B households C minds D plays

Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D.

1 When I last saw him, he _ in London

A has lived B is living C was living D has been living

2 We _ Dorothy since last Saturday

A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen

3 The train half an hour ago

A has been leaving B left C has left D had left

4 Jack the door

A has just paintedB paint C will have painted D painting

5 My sister for you since yesterday

A is looking B was looking C has been looking

D looked

6 I Texas State University now

A am attending B attend C was attendingD attended

7 He has been selling motorbikes

A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years

8 Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago

A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering

9 He fell down when he towards the church

A run B runs C was running D had run

10 We _ there when our father died

A still lived B lived still C was still lived D were still living

11 They table tennis when their father comes back home

A will play B will be playing C play

D would play

12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years

A shall have worked B shall work C have been working

D shall be working

13 I _ in the room right now

A am being B was being C have been being

D am

14 I to New York three times this year

had been

15 I’ll come and see you before I _ for the States

A leave B will leave C have left

D shall leave

16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend

A has happened B was happened C had happened D would have been happened

17 John a book when I saw him

A is reading B read C was reading D reading

18 Her brother in Canada at present

A working B works C is working D work

19 I to the same barber since last year

A am going B have been going C go D had gone

20 Her father when she was a small girl

died

21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived

22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels

had written

23 While her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week

A was reading B wrote C was written D had written

24 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play

A try B tried C have tried D am trying

25 Since _, I have heard nothing from him

A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left

26 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag

D have had

27 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years

A will have learned B will learn C has learned

D would learn

28 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book.

29 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner

A was going B went C has gone D did go

30 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner

A finish B finishes C will finish D finishing

31 How long _ able to drive? – since 1990

A could you B have you been C were you D are you

32 They since eight o’clock

A are talking B have been talking C talked D talk

33 My brother _ in the army from 1990 to 1995

A served B has served C had served D is serving

34 At this moment, I _ that we have a good chance of victory

A was feeling B am feeling C feel D had been feeling

35 I _ the money from him yet

A haven’t received B don’t receive C will receive D am

receiving

36 This is the most interesting book _

A I’ve read B I had read C I’ve ever readed D I’ve ever read

37 I him ten days ago

A see B saw C have seen D will see

38 At present, that author a historical novel

A is writing B was writing C has written D had written

39 By next month, I _ my first novel

A will finish B am going to finish C finish D will have finished

40 Mr John _ to Los Angeles in 1992

A had gone B has gone C went D was going

41 They the exercise when their teacher comes back

A are doing B will be doing C do

D would do

42 By Christmas, I for the company for five years

A shall have been working B shall work

C have been working D shall be working

43 We exam at 8 o’clock next Monday

A will take B will be taking C take

D would take

44 By the end of next year, my son _ English for six months

A will learn B will have learned C has learned D had learned

45 I will contact you as soon as I _the information

A will get B get C got D had got

46 When I walk past the park, I saw some children playing football

- believe in

………

- contractual marriage - attract ( ): ………

- marry to s.o (v): ………

- marriage (n): - married (a): ………

- groom (n): ………

- bride (n): ………

… - decide on s.th ………

- suppose (v) ………

- precede (v) = ……….:

………

- survey (n) ………

- conduct a survey ………

- determine (v) = ………:

………

……

- response (n) ………

- attractive ( ): ………

- attraction ( ): ………

- physical attractiveness (n): ……… ……

- concern with (v) = relate to: ………

1 The survey is based on _ values.

2 people much more concerned with physical attractiveness when choosing a wife or a husband.

A American B Chinese C Indian D Asian

3 The word “they” in paragraph 3, line 3 refers to

A The Americans B The Indians C The Chinese D The Asian

students

4 Which one of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

A Many Indian students think that women have to sacrifice more in a

marriage than a man

B The Asian wife trust her husband’s activities

C Young Americans are more romantic than the Asians

D Most Indian men agree that it is unwise to confide in their wife

5 What is the main topic of the passage?

A Different beliefs B Contractual marriage

C Love and marriage D Different attitudes toward love and marriage

Choose the best answer

1 a naked b looked c booked d cooked

2 a concerned b raised c developed d maintained

3 a appeared b agreed c coughed d loved

4 a sacrificed b trusted c recorded d acted

5 a laughed b weighed c helped d missed

6 a partnership b romantic c actually d attitude

maintain

8 a summary b different c physical d decision

9 a attractiveness b traditional c generation d American

10 a certain b couple c decide d equal

11 "Let's go to the movie now" -"Oh! "

A I don't B Why's that? C I need it D Good idea

12 “Hello! My name is Minh Nice to meet you.” – “Hello! ”

A I’m fine B Really? C Good D I’m Jane Glad tosee you

13 Mary: “ How do you get here?” Jane: “ ”

A I come here by bus B I come here at 5p.m

C The bus is very crowded D It is very far from here

14 Lan: “Are you American?” – John: “ ”

A Sorry! B Yes? C Excuse me?

D Pardon?

15 Thanks for your help!” “ ”

A With all my heart B Never mind me C It’s my pleasure D All it is for you

D WRITING

Choose the best answer

1 Mr Brown bought this car five years ago

A Mr Brown started to buy this car five years ago B It has been five years when Mr Brown bought this car

C Mr Brown has had this car for five years D It is five years ago since Mr Brown bought this car

2 I came to live here three months ago

A It was three months since I lived here B I’ve been living here for three months

C I lived here for three months D I didn’t live here for three months

3 My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month

A It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes B It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes

C It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes D It’s a cigarette that

my father smoked a month ago

4 I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years

A It’s years since I last enjoyed myself so much B It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much

C It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much D It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much

5 We started working here three years ago

A We worked here for three years B We have no longer

worked here for three years

C We have worked here for three years D We will work here

in three years

6 It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema

A We have been to the cinema for a long time B We haven’t been tothe cinema for a long time

C We don’t go to the cinema as we used to D We wish we went to the cinema now

7 He last had his eyes tested ten months ago

A He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months B He had not tested his eyes for ten months then

C He had tested his eyes ten months before D He didn’t have anytest on his eyes in ten months

8 Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime

A I had lunch when someone knocked on the door

B When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door

C I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door

D I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door

9 I haven’t been here before

A Being here is a pleasant experience B This is the first time I have been here

C I have wished to be here for long D Before long I will be here

10 The last time I saw Rose was three years ago

A I hasn’t seen Rose for three years B I haven’t seen Rose threeyears ago

C I haven’t seen Rose since three years D I haven’t seen Rosefor three years

Find the underlined parts that need correcting

1 The phone rung while I was washing the dishes

* đọc thành âm /id/ với những từ có âm cuối là / t, d /

* đọc thành âm /t/ với những từ có âm cuối là /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ /

* đọc thành âm /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại

- Examples:

* /id/: wanted, needed, prevented, confided …

* /t/: looked, stopped, laughed, coughed, sacrificed…

* /d/: played, seemed, planned……

- Note: các từ raise, advise, …có âm cuối là /z/

Từ manage có âm cuối là /dz/

Từ practice, introduce có âm cuối là /s/

Từ cough, laugh có âm cuối là /f/

II GRAMMAR: TENSES (Continue)

1/ Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:

Main clause Adverbial clause of time

(Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ

thời gian)

1 TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ

I will wait here until she (come) - back

2 TLĐ + after + HTHT

He (go) - home after he has finished hiswork

3 TLHT + by / by the time / before + HTĐ

He (leave) -by the time you (arrive) -

9 QKHT + by / by the time / before + QKĐ

He (leave) - by the time I came

2/ Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành

a S + last + QKĐ ….+ thời gian + ago.

 S + HTHT (phủ định) ….+ for + thời gian

 It’s / It has been + thời gian + since + S + last + QKĐ…

 The last time + S + QKĐ… + was + thời gian + ago

b This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định….

 S + HTHT never … + before

c S + began / started + V-ing +

 S + have / has + V3/-ed + for / since

-Ex: We last went to London two years ago

 We

 It’s

 The last time

Choose the best answer

1 The last time I saw Rose was three years ago

A I didn’t see Rose three years ago B I have seen Rosefor three years

C I haven’t seen Rose for three years D I hadn’t seen Rose for three years When did 2.When did Mike start learning French?

A How long has Mike started to learn French? B How long ago has Mike started to learn French?

C How long has Mike been learning French? D How long was Mike starting to learn French?

3 The last time I played football was in 1991

A I haven’t played football in 1991 B I haven’t playedfootball since 1991

C I didn’t play football in 1991 D I last playedfootball since 1991

4 We last saw Mr Brown when we were at Mary's party

A We haven't seen Mr Brown since we attended Mary's party

B.We didn't see Mr Brown since we were at Mary's party

C.The last time we saw Mr.Brown while we were enjoying Mary's party

D.We haven't seen Mr Brown when we were invited to Mary's party.

5 After I _here, I _to feel better

A have come / started B had come / started

C was coming/ had started D came/ had started

6 In recent years, the price of coffee, cocoa and bananas _

A has fallen B fell C was falling D falls

7 He fell down when he towards the church

A run B runs C was running D had run

8 When Jack me, I a letter

A was phoning / wrote B phoned / has been writing

C phoned / was writing D has phoned / was writing

9 They _for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke

A had been running B.have been running C.are

running D.will be running

10 When I was at school, I _ soccer twice a week

A will play B am playing C used to play D

am going to play

11 This morning while I for the bus, it started to rain

A waited B have waited C had waited D was waiting

12 This is the first time we _ a sewing machine

A are using B use C used D have used

13 I had missed the beginning of the film when I _TV on

A switched B was switching C am switching D had switched

14 She was sitting on the park bench when she _ a strange noise

A heard B hears C was hearing D had heard

15 I the book by the time you come tonight

A will be finishing B finished C had finished D will have finished

16 They have been in love with each other _they were young

A since B while C until D all are correct

17 The room when I arrived

A was being cleaned B is cleaned C was cleaning

D was cleaned

18 Since I came here, I _a lot of acquaintances

having

19.We _that film two years ago

A.watch B.have watched C.had watched D.watched20.I was learning maths when _

A my mother comes back B my mother came back

C my mother has come back D my mother is coming back

21 Look! The boy _ at the desk is Mary’s boy friend

A stand B standing C stands D stood

22 By September John enough to buy a mountain bike

A saves B will have saved C will be saving D has saved

23 He felt asleep while he his homework

24 After my sister her clothes, she began watching T.V

A had washedB has washed C was washing D washes

25 Water of hydrogen and oxygen

A consist B consists C consisted D have consisted

26 Please don’t make so much noise! I _

A have studied B study C studied D am studying

27 She to me since last year

A has not written B wrote C writes D had not written

28 When the police , the thief _

A.came / left B.had come / had left C.had come / left

D.came / had left

29 While my mother a film on TV, my father was cooking

dinner It was March 8th yesterday

A watched B was watching C had watched

D was watched

30 By 2050, medical technology _ many diseases

A will have conquered B conquered C has

conquered D is conquering

31 By the time I left the room, I _ he lights

A.will turn off B.would turn offC.have turned off

D.had turned off

32 Our teacher came in when we noisy

A.have been talking B.were talking C.are talking

D.had talked

33 Hurry up! It’s time we for next week’s examination

A have studied B studied C had studied D will

study

34 When Jack me, I a letter.

A phoned/ has been writing B has phoned/ was writing

phoning/ wrote

35 Be quiet! The baby

A is sleeping B slept C was sleeping D sleeps

36 At present Mary her clothes She the clothes onSundays

A is washing / often washes B has washed / is often washing

C was washing / has often washed D washes / often washed

37 After Mary _ her degree, she intends to work in her father’s company

A will finish B is finishing C finishes D will have finished

38 By the time I back next year, I think, you _ me

A am / will have forgotten B will be / will have forgotten

C am / will be forgetting D will be/ will forget

39 Since I moved in, my upstairs neighbour _ his stereo loudly everynight

A is playing B played C has played D plays

40 This time last week I _ to Dalat

A have driven B drove C was driving D were driving

41 This is the first time I _London

A have ever visited B ever visited C was ever visiting

D has ever visited

42 Much progress on computers since 1950

A has made B has been made C have made D have been made

43 This is the first time I here

44 After she the letter, she put it down and started to cry

A read B reads C has read D had read

45 We each other since we left university

A don't meet B are meeting C will not meet

D have not met

46 She has disappeared for 3 days ago, and they are still looking for her now

A B C D

47 Our class will visit the teacher when we will have free time

A B C D

48 Lan often arrives at the office at nine o'clock, but because of the storm, she

is late this morning

- verbal (a) ≠ non-verbal (a): ………

- get / attract someone’s attention: ………

- catch one’s eyes: attract someone’s attention:

- get off ≠ get on:

- appropriate (a) = suitable

Task 1 and 2 (textbook page 32)

Task 3: Choose the best answer

1 According to the passage, we can use communication to attract someone’s attention

A verbal B non-verbal C signal D both verbal and verbal

non-2 To get the waiter’s attention in a restaurant, we can _

A whistle B clap our hands C nod slightly D approach him

3 The word “that” in paragraph 3, line 7 refers to _.

A waiting B whistling or clapping C, raising our hands D noddingslightly

4 Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A Jumping up and down and waving as hard as you can at the airport are considered as big, obvious non-verbal signals

B A brief raise of the hand and a small wave are appropriate only in

formal social situations

C You shouldn’t point at the person or thing because is usually

considered rude

D That the teacher points to the student is not impolite

B SPEAKING + C LISTENING

- You really have a beautiful

_

- You look really nice with

- Your hairstyle is terrific

- Thank you / Thanks That’s a nice compliment

- You’ve got to be kidding! I thought it was terrible

- I’m glad you like it

- Your English is better than many

4 A.extinction B.animal C.classify D.primary

5 A society B industry C another

D dependent

6 A invited B attended C celebrated D

displayed

7 A neighbors B friends C relatives D photographs

9 A childless B watching C machine D choose

10 A psychology b prepare c problem d promote

11 Maria: "Thanks for the lovely evening." Diana: " ."

A No, it's not good B Oh, that's right C Yes, it's really great D I'm glad you enjoyed it

12 Kevin: "How far is it from here to the nearest post office?" Lan:

" ."

A No, it's rather far B Yes, it's quite near here

C Turn left and then turn right D Two kilometers at least

13 Pat: "Would you like something to eat?"

Kathy: " I'm not hungry now."

A Yes, I would B No, thanks C No, no problem D Yes, it

is

14 David: "Could you bring me some water?" Waiter: " ."

A Yes, I can B Certainly, sir C I don't want to D No, I can't

15 Ellen: " ?" Tom: "He's tall and thin with blue eyes."

A What does John look like B What does John like

C How is John doing D Who does John look like

16 Tom:“I’m taking my driving test tomorrow” Mary:“ ”

A Lucky! B Best wishes ! C Good luck! D

Good chance!

17 “Oh, I’m really sorry!” ~ “ _.”

A It was a pleasure” B That’s all right C Thanks D Yes,why?

18 “Do you like the weather here?” ~ “I wish it .”

A doesn’t rain B won’t rain C didn’t rain D haven’t rained

19 “You look nice today I like your new hairstyle.” ~

“ .”

A It’s nice of you to think so B Shall I? Thanks

C Oh well done! D I feel interesting to hear that

20 -“Congratulation on winning the prize!” -“ _”

A All right B Not at all C.Thank you D You arewelcome

D WRITING

Note: 1/ There + be + N: có

- N sô ít  be số ít There is a book on the table

- N số nhiều  be số nhiều There are three students in the

classroom

2/ Let’s + V1: chúng ta hãy cùng….Let’s go to the cinema.

EXERCISE Choose the best answer:

1 He asked them -

A not help him B should help him C to help him D helping him

2 She said that she - there the year before

A went B had gone C would go D was going

3 Peter asked Jane why - the film on T.V the previous night

she watched

C she didn’t watch D she hadn’t watched

4 They said they - us if we needed.

A help B helped C would help D had helped

5 He advised them - in class

A to not talk B not to talk C to talk not D don’t talk

6 She said to us “Don’t be late again”

A She said us not to be late again B She told us to be not late again

C She told to us not to be late again D She told us not to be late again

7 “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly.” said Janet

A Janet agreed with John's behaviors B Janet was angry with John

Janet objected to John's behaviors

8 John said “You had better not lend them any money, Daisy”

A John said Daisy not to lend them any money

B John advised Daisy should not lend any money

C John said to Daisy not lend them any money

D John advised Daisy not to lend them any money

9 “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said

A He apologized for having to leave early B He apologized to have to leave early

C He apologized that he has to leave early D He apologized to have left early

10 “Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?”, said Gillian

A Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen

B Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen

C Gillian asked Sam she can borrow his pen

D Gillian asked Sam she could borrow his pen

11 “Where did you go last night, Nam?”, said Hoa

A Hoa said to Nam where had he gone the night before

B Hoa said to Nam where he had gone the night before

C Hoa told Nam where he had gone last night

D Hoa asked Nam where he had gone the night before

12 Some one was wondering if the taxi - yet

A had arrived B arrived C arrives D had arrived

13 Some one - the tickets were free

A said me B said me that C told to me D told me

14 He said he would go on holiday -.

A yesterday B the following day C the previous day D the day before

15 He said that Linda and John _ married _

A were getting / tomorrow B were getting / next day

C were getting / the next day D would get / the day before

16 “Be aware of the dog,” said Tom  Tom warned us _

the dog

C we should be aware of the dog D aware of the dog

17 "Well done, Jerry You've passed the driving test!"

A I told that Jerry had passed her driving test

B I congratulated Jerry on pass her driving test

C I congratulated Jerry on passing her driving test

D I told Jerry that she had done well in her driving test

18 "Don't forget to go to the supermarket after work", he said

A He requested me not forget to go to the supermarket after work

B He asked me not to forget to go to the supermarket after work

C He reminded me to go to the supermarket after work

D He told me that I shouldn't forget to go to the supermarket after work

19 He apologized able to finish the project on time

A his colleagues not being B his colleagues not to be

C to his colleagues for not being D his colleagues for not being

20 “Let’s go on a walking holiday!” said Jane

A Jane allowed us to go on a walking holiday B Jane invited

us to go on a walking holiday

C Jane wanted us to go on a walking holiday D Janesuggested going on a walking holiday

E LANGUAGE FOCUS

I PRONUNCIATION: Stress in two-syllable words: Trọng âm của

những từ có hai âm tiết:

- Trọng âm chỉ được đặt trên từ gốc Phần được thêm vào (tiếp đầu ngữ hay tiếp vĩ ngữ) không được tính là vần/âm tiết

1 Danh từ và tính từ:

- Trọng âm thường được đặt ở vần đầu

Ex: ‘table, ‘happy, ‘lucky, ‘weather……

- Một số danh từ có trọng âm ở từ gốc

Ex: de’sign, be’lief, ac’cept, de’mand………

- Danh từ tận cùng –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt ngay vần này

Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon……

2 Động từ:

- động từ tận cùng bằng –OW, -EN, -Y, -EL, -LE, -ISH: trọng âm ở vần

thứ nhất

Ex: ‘follow, ‘finish, ‘carry, ‘suffer, ‘harden, ‘answer………

- động từ tận cùng bằng –ATE: trọng âm đặt ở vần hai

Ex: trans’late, cre’ate……

II GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH: Câu tường thuật

- Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta không

- Ngôi thứ nhất: đổi dựa vào chủ từ đứng trước động từ tường thuật

(said/ told), thường đổi thành ngôi thứ ba

I → he / she me → him / her my

→ his / her

their

- Ngôi thứ hai (you _ you_ your): đổi dựa vào túc từ đứng sau động

từ tường thuật (said/ told)

Ex: He says to her “ I miss you very much”

 He tells her that

- Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their):

giữ nguyên, không đổi

QKHTTD - had been + V-ing QKHT – had + V3

QKHTTD – had been +V-ing

TL trong QK - would + V1

TL tiếp diễn trong QK - would be

TLTD will be + V-ing

Must + V1

+ V-ing had to + V1

3/ Cách đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

today/ tonight that day/ that night

yesterday the day before/ the previous day

last month the month before / the previous month

tomorrow the following day/ the next day / the day

afterthe day before

yesterday

two days before

the day after

tomorrow

in two days’ time

next month the following month / the next month /

the month after

IYouHeSheItWeThey

meyouhimheritusthem

myyourhisheritsourtheir

* Cách đổi từng loại câu cụ thể:

1 Câu trần thuật:

S + said (to + O) + that + S + V……

 S + told + O + that + S(đổi) + V(lùi thì) + O …

Ex: ‘I will give you a test tomorrow’, our teacher said

-> Our teacher said (that)

………

* Có thể sử dụng một số động từ dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…

Note: said to → told

said to + O (She said to me …)

told / asked + O (She told me …/ She asked me …)

Eg: “ Please don’t talk loudly”.

(agree, demand, hope, promise, offer, refuse, decide )

Ex : They said: “ We’ll come back again”

Would you / Could you / Will you/ Can you -> asked

Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing -> asked

Would you like / Will you ….-> invited

You should / You ought to V1

If I were you ,

You had better + V1… -> advised

Why don’t you + V1…

Remember…

-> reminded

Don’t for get

He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”

“I will look after the house for you if you like” he said

He offered …

………

5 Câu tường thuật với V-ing:

a Không có giới từ: S + V + V-ing …

deny (chối cãi), suggest (đề nghị ), admit (thừa nhận , thú nhận), regret (nuối tiếc)

He said to me; “Let’s go home”

b Có giới từ: S + V + giới từ + V-ing …

accuse sb of ( buộc tội)

apologize to s.o for s.th ( xin lỗi)

thank sb for ( cảm ơn)