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NHĨM TỔNG ƠN TỪ VỰNG - NGỮ PHÁP Chun đề: TỪ VỰNG Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh Facebook: Mrstranganh87 I TỪ VỰNG different/'difrәnt/ (a): khác => tobe different from: khác so với differential /difә'ren∫әl/(n): chênh lệch difference/dɪfrәns/ (n): khác => differences between: khác difference >< similarity/sɪmɪlærɪti/ (n): giống differ/'difә/(v): khác differentiate /¸difә´renʃi¸eit/(v): phân biệt terrorist /´terәrist/(n): kẻ khủng bố terrorism /t'erәrɪzәm/(n): khủng bố contrary /kәn'treәri/(n): trái lại, điều trái lại on the contrary = in contrast = on the other hand = whereas: trái lại anxiety /æɳ'zaiәti/(n): lo lắng anxious /´æηʃәs/(a): lo lắng => tobe anxious about: lo lắng điều depress /di´pres/ (v): chán nản, suy giảm depression /dɪ'preʃn/(n): suy giảm, buồn rầu => economic depression: khủng hoảng kinh tế depressive /di´presiv/(a): làm suy nhược, suy yếu threat(n)/θret/ đe dọa threaten(v)/ˈθretn/ đe dọa threatening(a) /ˈθretnɪŋ/đe dọa attack(v) /әˈtỉk/ cơng # attract(v)/әˈtrỉkt/thu hút, hấp hẫn # attach(v)/әˈtỉtʃ/gắn, dán predict (v)/prɪˈdɪkt/ tiên đốn, dự báo prediction/prɪˈdɪkʃn/(n) dự báo predictable/prɪˈdɪktәbl/(a) dự báo expect(v)/ɪkˈspekt/ mong đợi expectation(n)/ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ mong đợi expected/ɪkˈspektɪd/(a) mong đợi >< unexpected/ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/(a) bất ngờ, expectedly/ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/(adv) >< unexpectedly/ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/(adv) 10 succeed/sәkˈsiːd/(v) thành công => succeed in doing st = manage to st: thành cơng việc làm success/sәkˈses/(n) thành công succession /sәkˈseʃn/(n) kế tiếp, liên tiếp successive/sәkˈsesɪv/(a) liên tục, kế tiếp, successful/sәkˈsesfl/(a) thành công >< unsuccessful/ˌʌnɪsәkˈsesfl/(a) không thành công 11 optimistic/ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/(a) lạc quan optimist/ˈɒptɪmɪst/(n) người lạc quan optimism/ˈɒptɪmɪzәm/(n) lạc quan 12 pessimistic/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/(a) bi quan pessimist/ˈpesɪmɪst/(n) người bi quan pessimism/ˈpesɪmɪzәm/(n) bi quan 13 stagnant /ˈstæɡnәnt/ứ, tù, đọng 14 equip/ɪˈkwɪp/(v) trang bị equipment/ɪˈkwɪpmәnt/(n) trang thiết bị => tobe equipped with st: trang bị với 15 machine/mәˈʃiːn/(n) máy machinery/mә ˈʃiːnәri/(n) máy móc mechanic/mәˈkỉnɪk/ (n) thợ máy mechanism/ˈmekәnɪzәm/(n): thuyết giới 16 spacecraft/ˈspeɪskrɑːft/(n) tàu vũ trụ space/speɪs/(n) không gian craft/krɑːft/(n): tàu shuttle/ˈʃʌtl/(n) thoi 17 corporation/ˌkɔːpәˈreɪʃn/(n) = company/ˈkʌmpәni/(n) công ty 18 telecommunication/ˌtelikәˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/(n) điện tử viễn thông Communication/kәˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/(n) liên lạc 19 mission/ˈmɪʃn/(n) sứ mệnh 20 improve/ɪmˈpruːv/(v) cải thiện improvement/ɪmˈpruːvmәnt/(n) = progress/ˈprәʊɡres/(n) cải thiện, tiến make improvement/progress in st: cải thiện 21 develop/dɪˈvelәp/(v) phát triển development/dɪˈvelәpmәnt/(n) phát triển developing(a) phát triển developed (a) phát triển 22 poor/pɔː(r)/(a) nghèo poverty/ˈpɒvәti/(n) cảnh nghèo nàn 23 power/ˈpaʊә(r)/(n) lượng powerful/ˈpaʊәfl/(a) tràn đầy lượng 24 weapon/ˈwepәn/(n) vũ khí 25 fight/faɪt/(n/v) đấu tranh fight against đấu tranh chống lại fight for đấu tranh cho 26 genetic engineering: kĩ thuật cấy gen 27 genius/ˈdʒiːniәs/(n) thiên tài 28 clarify/ˈklærәfaɪ/(v) làm cho sáng sủa, rõ ràng 29 claim/kleɪm/(n/v) khẳng định announce/әˈnaʊns/(v) thông báo declare/dɪˈkleә(r)/(v) tuyên bố suppose/sәˈpәʊz/(v) cho refer/rɪˈfɜː(r)/(v) ám infer/ɪnˈfɜː(r)/(v) suy imply/ɪmˈplaɪ/(v) ngụ ý 30 intuition/ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn/(n) trực giác 31 pattern/ˈpætn/(n) mẫu 32 innovation/ˌɪnәˈveɪʃn/(n) đổi mới, cách tân innovative/ˈɪnәveɪtɪv/(a) có tính đổi 33 alternative/ɔːlˈtɜːnәtɪv/(a/n) thay alternation/ˌɔːltәˈneɪʃn/(n) thay 34 take action: hành động 35 expose/ɪkˈspәʊz/(v) phơi bày exposure/ɪkˈspәʊʒә(r)/(n): phơi bày tobe exposed to: tiếp xúc với 36 wise /waɪz/(a) = intelligent/ɪnˈtelɪdʒәnt/(a) thông minh wisdom/ˈwɪzdәm/(n) = intelligence/ɪnˈtelɪdʒәns/(n) thông minh wisdom teeth: khôn 37 commercial/kәˈmɜːʃl/(n/a) thương mại commerce/ˈkɒmɜːs/(n) ngành thương mại 38 sacrifice/ˈsækrɪfaɪs/(n) cúng thần, tế lễ => make a major sacrifice 39 choose/tʃuːz/(v) chọn choice/tʃɔɪs/(n) lựa chọn 40 society/sәˈsaɪәti/(n) xã hội socialism/ˈsәʊʃәlɪzәm/(n) chủ nghĩa xã hội socialist/ˈsәʊʃәlɪst/(n) người theo CNXH socialization/ˌsәʊʃәlaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n) xã hội hóa socialize/ˈsәʊʃәlaɪz/(v) => socialize with sb: giao tiếp với social/ˈsәʊʃl/(a) có tính xã hội sociable/ˈsәʊʃәbl/(a) dễ gần gũi, hòa đồng 41 found/faʊnd/(v) thành lập Foundation/faʊnˈdeɪʃn/(n) thành lập 42 perspective/pәˈspektɪv/(n) phối cảnh, viễn cảnh 43 value/ˈvæljuː/(n) giá trị value(v) định giá valuable/ˈvỉljuәbl/(a) có giá trị invaluable/ˈinvỉljuәbl/(a) vơ giá 44 appreciate/әˈpriːʃieɪt/(v) đánh giá cao appreciation/әˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/(n) đánh giá cao appreciative/әˈpriːʃәtɪv/(a) biết đánh giá appreciable/әˈpriːʃәbl/(a) đánh giá 45 product/ˈprɒdʌkt/(n) sản phẩm production/prәˈdʌkʃn/(n) sản xuất productivity/ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvәti/(n) suất producer/prәˈdjuːsә(r)/(n) nhà sản xuất productive/prәˈdʌktɪv/(a) có suất 46 atmosphere/ˈỉtmәsfɪә(r)/(n) khí 47 appear/әˈpɪә(r)/(v) xuất disappear/ ˌdɪsәˈpɪә(r)/(v) biến appearance/әˈpɪәrәns/ (n) xuất hiện, diện mạo disappearance/ˌdɪsә ˈpɪәrәns/(n) biến 48 variety/vәˈraɪәti/(n) đa dạng 49 diagnose/ˈdaɪәɡnәʊz/(v) chẩn đoán diagnosis/ˌdaɪәɡˈnәʊsɪs/(n)sự chuẩn đoán 50 taste/teɪst/(v) nếm, thử smell/smel/(v) ngửi chew/tʃuː/(v) nhai swallow/ˈswɒlәʊ/(v) nuốt PRACTICE EXERCISE In the future, _ engineering will allow us to create the perfect human A genetic B gene C energetic D ener Parents will order a baby who 'will grow up to become his new job because he is not quite prepared a or to have a Miss World appearance A idiot B genius C genus D gene As computers have advanced, they have helped us remember, calculate, organize, and _ A clear B clarity C clarify D clarificant At a point in a future time, some may that computers become about as smart as Newton or Einstein A announce B declare C say D claim More advanced computers will be able to be creative, respond to feelings in a feeling way, develop intuition, recognize patterns, and suggest _alternatives A innovate B innovation C innovative D innovator We can select Internet information wisely, choose healthy computer games, limit our _to television commercials, and select television programs carefully A limitation B terrorism C variety D exposure Most people will be aware that a happy, loving family is a joy to be part of, and that it is a necessary _ for building a strong society A find B foundation C founded D finding We need to and appreciate the importance of what can be achieved by loving and committed parents A valuable B value C invaluable D valued People need a strong foundation, so it is vital for our society that we encourage parents to work at creating love, joy, and happiness for their children in a decent, stable, and _atmosphere A product B productive C production D productivity 10 When you have an upset stomach, you will _ a very small cherry tasting robot which will travel through your stomach taking video of the mess A swallow B chew C vomit D drink 11 Many teenagers show signs of anxiety and _ when being asked about their future A depress B depression C depressing D depressed 12 Constant _ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here A threat B threaten C threatening D threateningly 13 No one can predict the future exactly Things may happen _ A expected B unexpected C expectedly D unexpectedly 14 Someone who is _ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular A powerful B optimistic C stagnant D pessimistic 15 There will be powerful network of computers which may come from a single computing _ that is worn on or in the body A device B machinery C equipment D vehicle 16 A _ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times A plane B corporation C telecommunication D shuttle 17 An economic _ is a time when there is very little economic activity, which causes a lot of unemployment and poverty A improvement B depression C development D mission 18 In the future many large corporations will be wiped out and millions of jobs will be lost A companies B services C supermarkets D farms 19 The more powerful weapons are, the more terrible the _ is A creativity B history C terrorism D technology 20 The medical community continues to make _in the fight against cancer A speed B expectation C progress D treatment 21 There is a wide _ of computers in that shop for you to choose A vary B various C variety D variously 22 There are several places where residents face the threat of _ every day A terrorist B terrorism C terrorize D terror 23 We sometimes go away from the city to the countryside for a of fresh air A feeling B sip C swallow D breath 24 The idea of building a _ with human intelligence is not only ambitious but also highly unconventional A robot B corporation C line D road 25 Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and dish washers are labor _ devices which help us housework easily and quickly A improving B making C saving D employing 26: ……… to the school is by examination only A Admission B Admissions C Admit D Admitted 27: She was… disappointed when she learned that she was turned down for the post A gravely B bitterly C highly D fully 28: Education in Vietnam has improved since the government started a programme of educational _ A experience B reform C System D resources 29: The plan was developed by a team of experts A System B systematical C systemized D systematically 30: It’s a big country with a population A rare B sparse C scarce 31: It can be an amazing experience for those who have the _ D few to leave their family and friend and live in a new place A courage B courageous C encourage D encouragement II ĐỒNG NGHĨA- TRÁI NGHĨA meaningful (adj): ~ serious, important: có ý nghĩa, quan trọng sorrowful (adj): ~ verysad: buồn rầu, đau khổ important / im'pɔ:.tәnt/ (adi): quan trọng # unimportant (adj): không quan trọng devoted (adj): ~dedicated : tận tụy, hết lòng, tận tâm => To be devoted to ~ To be dedicated to polite (adj): lịch >< rude(a)= impolite(a): bất lịch honest (adj): chân thật, trung thực, thật thà, lương thiện >< sneaky(a) segregation ~ separation (n): phân biệt, tách biệt integration (n): hợp nhất, mở rộng cho chủng tộc torture (n): tra tấn, tra khảo 10 devise (v): ~ invent (v): sáng chế, phát minh 11 divide (v): chia tách 12.reflection (n) ~ image (n ): hình ảnh (trong gương, nước, ) 13 imagination (n) : trí tưởng tượng, khả sáng tạo 14.bone (n): xương 15 leash : dây xích chó 16 affinity ~ attraction (n): hấp dẫn, thu hút, đồng cảm 17.enthusiasm (n): nhiệt tình, hăng hái 18 moved (adj): cảm động, xúc động 19 emerge (v): ~ appear (v): xuất hiện, 20 vanish ~ disappear (v): biến 21 traditional (adj) ~ customary (adj): (thuộc) truyền thống, theo truyền thống 22 accomplish ~ perform (v): thực 23 achieve (v): đạt được, giành 24 reproduce (v): chép, tái sản xuất 25 flourish (v): ~ grow well (v): phát triển mạnh 26 At times ~ sometimes (adv): 27 sustain ~ suffer (v): chịu đựng 28 irritate (v): làm bực mình, chọc tức 29 anticipate (v): mong đợi, thấy trước, làm trước 30 markedly ~ significantly (adv): đáng ý 31 by degrees: dần dần, từ từ 32 historically (adv): mặt lịch sử, phương diện lịch sử 33 regionally (adv): (thuộc) vùng, địa phương 34.breathtaking ~ stunning (adj): tuyệt đẹp 35 intimate (adj): riêng tư, thân mật 36 high altitude : độ cao (so với mực nước biển) 37 a man of means = a rich man: (một người đàn ơng giàu có) 38.ambition /aem'bifan/ (n): tham vọng, hoài bão 39 equipment (n): thiết bị 40 mishap (n) ~ misfortune (n): rủi ro, bất hạnh, cố 41 misunderstanding (n): hiểu nhầm 42 accessible (adj): tới được, vào được, sử dụng được, 43 inhumane (adj): vô nhân đạo >< warmhearted (adj): tốt bụng 44 vicious (adj): xấu xa, đầy ác ý 45 callous (adj): nhẫn tâm 46 cold-blooded : tàn nhẫn, máu lạnh 47 admission (n): nhận vào, kết nạp vào 48.Bitterly + disappointing/disappointed, resent; criticize; regret; complain, cry, weep 49.gravely (adv): nghiêm trọng, trầm trọng 50.experience (n): kinh nghiệm 51 reform (n): cải cách 52 system (n): hệ thống - systematical (adj): có hệ thống => systematically (adv) systemize (v): hệ thống hóa 53 resource (n.pl): nguồn, nguồn tài nguyên 54 rare (adj): hiếm, có - sparse (adj): thưa thớt - scarce (adj): khan 55 courage (n): lòng dũng cảm, can đảm, dũng khí - courageous (adj): can đảm, dũng cảm - encourage (v): khuyến khích, động viên - encouragement (n): động viên, khuyến khích BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions Question 1: A wedding is a meaningful event A sad B sorrowful C important D unimportant Question 2: She was a devoted teacher She spent most of her time teaching and taking care of her students A polite B lazy C honest D dedicated Question 3: The Rev Dr Martin Luther King fought to put an end to racial segregation in the United States A integration B education C torture Question 4: He devised a Computer game and sold it to Atari A played B divided C invented Question 5: The dog saw his reflection in the pool of water D separation D bought A imagination B bone C leash D image Question 6: Although they had never met before the party, Jim and Jane felt strong affinity to each other A enthusiasm B attraction C moved D Interest Question 7: English as we know today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1030 A started B appeared C developed D Vanished Question 8: People are busy buying gifts, cleaning and decorating the house and cooking traditional foods to welcome Tet holiday now A favorite B important C customary D National Question 9: The preservation of the dead body was accomplished through a process of mummification The ancient left no written accounts as to the execution of this process A carried B achieved C reproduced D performed Question 10: Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate A taking off B setting up C growing well D closing down Question 11: At times, I look at him and wonder what is going on in his mind A sometimes B always C hardly D never Question 12: Joggers who begin running without warming up could sustain a muscle injury A invite B suffer C irritate D anticipate Question 13: American Indian cultures differ markedly from one another in language and in lifestyle A by degrees B historically C regionally D significantly Question 14: The province of British Columbia offers visitors breathtaking views of the Canadian Rocky Mountains A Stunning B intimate C distant D high altitude Question 15: In the early days of baseball, the game was played by young men of means and social position A with ambition B with money C with skill D with equipment Question 16: Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps, it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential A misunderstandings B accidents C misfortunes D incidentals Mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the followings Question 17: We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being A revealed B frequented C accessible D lively Question 18: They protested about the inhumane treatment of the prisoners A vicious B warmhearted C callous D coldblooded PRACTICE EXERCISE ... successive/sәkˈsesɪv/(a) liên tục, kế tiếp, successful/sәkˈsesfl/(a) thành công >< unsuccessful/ˌʌnɪsәkˈsesfl/(a) không thành công 11 optimistic/ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/(a) lạc quan optimist/ˈɒptɪmɪst/(n) người... space/speɪs/(n) không gian craft/krɑːft/(n): tàu shuttle/ˈʃʌtl/(n) thoi 17 corporation/ˌkɔːpәˈreɪʃn/(n) = company/ˈkʌmpәni/(n) công ty 18 telecommunication/ˌtelikәˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/(n) điện tử viễn thông Communication/kәˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/(n)... 36 wise /waɪz/(a) = intelligent/ɪnˈtelɪdʒәnt/(a) thông minh wisdom/ˈwɪzdәm/(n) = intelligence/ɪnˈtelɪdʒәns/(n) thông minh wisdom teeth: khôn 37 commercial/kәˈmɜːʃl/(n/a) thương mại commerce/ˈkɒmɜːs/(n)