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https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng NGUYỄN ANH THỊNH BÁCH KHOA ĐÀ NẴNG 14D1 SPOTLIGHT ENGLISH 2015 https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng BÀI 1 Graffiti: Crime or Art? Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. I’m Luke Haley. Voice 2 And I’m Katy Blake. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live. Voice 3 “It took me a year to complete, all at night. I used almost 500 litres of bucket paint. It was the biggest piece in the world. It was the biggest illegal graffiti piece ever painted wild style.” Voice 1 These are the words of a man named Saber from the United States. The documentary company The Thrash Lab made a video about him. Saber is talking about a piece of colourful graffiti that he painted in Los Angeles. The painting was 70 metres long. It showed Saber’s name in large letters. Saber painted it in bright colours like green and orange. Voice 2 Saber did not have permission for this painting. It was on city property. After many years, the city painted over it. It cost the city over 3 million dollars to remove it. Was the graffiti a piece of art? Or was Saber a criminal because he painted it illegally? Is graffiti always a problem for a city? Or could it add something positive? Today’s Spotlight is on the “art” of the street: graffiti. Voice 1 Graffiti is an illegal form of writing or drawing. People usually create graffiti with spray paint. They press the top of a can and the paint shoots out. People often paint graffiti on walls or parts of public buildings. Another common place for graffiti is on trains or buses. Voice 2 There are different kinds of graffiti. The most common kind is something called a tag. This is when a person signs his or her name. Another popular kind of graffiti is when an artist uses large block letters to write his name. The letters connect with each other. They make new and different shapes. This is called “wild style.” https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 1 The largest kinds of graffiti are called pieces. These have many colours. They can fill a whole wall. It takes more time and skill to paint a whole piece. It is also more dangerous. When someone paints graffiti he takes the chance of being arrested by police. Graffiti is almost always against the law. This is because people are painting on someone else’s property. Voice 2 Because it is against the law, some people think that graffiti should not be considered art. Abdal Ullah is a councillor in London, England. One of the most famous graffiti artists in the world comes from England. His name is Banksy. Some of Banksy’s work has sold for almost 600,000 dollars. Banksy painted some graffiti in Ullah’s neighborhood. But Ullah did not like it. Ullah told TIME magazine: Voice 4 "Graffiti is a crime. It ruins the environment. It makes our neighborhoods feel less safe. And it costs thousands of pounds each year to clean." Voice 1 Graffiti can be difficult to clean up. It can also cost a lot of money. Graffiti artists often use high technology paint. This is hard to remove or paint over. Large cities spend millions of dollars a year to remove graffiti. They do not want the city to look dirty. Graffiti is also often in places with other criminal behaviour, including illegal drugs and violence. Criminal gangs sometimes use tags to show their territory. Most people do not want to be surrounded by these tags. Voice 2 Some people say that only some kinds of graffiti can be considered art. A wall spray-painted with tags, or names, may not look like art. It may not take much artistic skill to tag walls. But to create a large piece does take skill and time. Many graffiti artists have a great amount artistic ability. Saber from Los Angeles told the Thrash Lab: Voice 3 “My paintings show 22 years of intense art making. Art is something very positive to me. And I think art is the number one goal for myself. Graffiti is the way I learn. Art is how I share this message with everybody. Art gets a bad name because it is considered something only for a few people in society. It is seen as something only a rich or highly educated person can understand. And that is not true. Every single child in the world drew a picture once and had that excitement.” Voice 1 Sometimes it is even difficult to tell the difference between graffiti and other kinds of art. Many graffiti artists have had art shows. People pay a lot of money to buy their pieces. Graffiti artists https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng also do other kinds of design projects. Doze Green is one of these artists. He began as a graffiti artist. He now works with advertisers to help them sell products. Green told CNN: Voice 5 "I think I have kept that rawness and that truthfulness and excitement that comes from the graffiti artist. That will always be there. That is not going to leave. What I am doing is a new way of looking at the same thing. It does not matter if it is accepted by the rich and educated or the person in the street. What is important to me is people in general enjoy my work." Voice 2 Some people who paint graffiti enjoy the excitement of doing something illegal. But some artists want to be able to do legal graffiti art. One way to do this is to have special areas for street artists to work. For example, there is a group called Writerz Blok in San Diego, California. They set up 12 walls where people can legally paint graffiti. Marcus Tufono works at Writerz Blok. He explains to the radio station KPBS: Voice 6 “Our job and our goal is to take that illegal tag and to put it on a legal wall. And from that wall put it on a computer screen and some software. We want to help artists to make a portfolio. Then they can take their art and use it around the community. We want to create partnerships and resources and networks. Then graffiti artists have a chance to really prosper through their art.” Voice 1 This is one way to keep the artistry of graffiti without the crime. Other cities and organizations have different approaches. Look for a Spotlight program next month about the amazing graffiti in the city of Rio de Janiero, Brazil. Voice 2 Is there graffiti where you live? Do you think it is art? Or is graffiti a problem in your neighbourhood? You can leave your comments on our website. Or you can email us at radio at radioenglish dot net. You can also find us on Facebook - just search for spotlightradio. Voice 1 The writer of this program was Rena Dam. The producer was Nick Mangeolles. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net. This program is called, ‘Graffiti: Crime or Art?’ Voice 2 We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng BÀI 2 Chinese Seal Carving Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. I’m Luke Haley. Voice 2 And I’m Katy Blake. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live. Voice 1 The official stamps a red square on a piece of paper. In the square, there are white lines. The white lines create the picture of a dancing man. His body makes the Chinese character for “Jing”. This is the official seal for the Beijing Olympic Games. Voice 2 A seal is a small tool or device. This tool has a carved design on it. Officials use the seal to print a symbol on to a document. The seal shows who owns the document or who created it. In some countries, like China, seals are still an important symbol of authority. However, seals are more than just an official sign. Seals are also an art form. The symbols and characters in a seal can communicate ideas about right and wrong. The characters in a seal can communicate many things about culture, morals and values. Today’s Spotlight is on seals and their place in Chinese culture. Voice 1 Creating a seal is a form of art. First, an artist carefully paints on a small block. He paints pictures and Chinese characters. He uses a small brush, made of animal hair. Then he uses a small, sharp tool. He cuts and carves the images into the block. When he is done, he uses the block to stamp an image. He presses the carved block into a red paste. He has made the paste from plants. Then he presses the block onto paper. It leaves a red image on the document. This block is a seal. Voice 2 People have used seals in China for centuries. At first, only experts created seals, for official business. One of the most famous Chinese seals is the ancient Heirloom Seal. This seal was created around the year 200. The Emperor of China had a seal maker carve it from a famous piece of green, jade stone. It was 4 inches square. The royal family used the seal for centuries. The writing on the seal read, https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 4 "For he who has received the Mandate from Heaven, long life and eternal glory." Voice 1 For hundreds of years, seals were used only by the rich for important business. But in the 14th century that changed. At that time, stone workers found a kind of soft stone. It was easier to cut and carve. People began to carve their own seals, instead of paying an expert. This change caused seals to become their own art form. Voice 2 At that time, there were three traditional Chinese arts: painting, poetry, and calligraphy. Calligraphy is the art of writing beautiful looking characters or words. These arts were mainly for rich or important people. Voice 1 Seal carving became the fourth art. The art of seal carving was based on the three other art forms. It used the beautiful writing of calligraphy. It used the beautiful pictures of painting. And it used the beautiful language and ideas of poetry. Voice 2 However, the 20th century brought many changes to China. Traditional arts were not as important. Children did not learn about them in school. And fewer people learned how to make them. Officials still used seals. But again, only experts carved the seals. Voice 1 Today, Chinese artists are bringing back the traditional art of seal making. One of the most important of these artists is Li Lanqing. Li Lanqing was born in 1932. He was a famous official in the Chinese government. From 1993 until 2003, he was the Vice Premier of the State Council of China. He was responsible for many parts of the government, including the economy, education, culture, sport, technology and science. After he retired, he concentrated on sharing and encouraging the art of seal carving. Voice 2 In a short film for the British Museum, Li said, Voice 3 “Seal carving is an ancient art. Like Chinese characters, seals have a long history. And seal carving is an art form based on writing. Chinese characters developed from images. They had an artistic expression built into them from the beginning.” https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 2 Li has made seals for many years. In the film, he explained his process. Voice 3 “The idea for a seal starts in the brain. After your eyes have studied it, the brain tells you where to place the knife, and when it should stop. The process does not need to be thought through completely before starting.” Voice 1 Li Lanqing’s seals are unusual in the history of seal carving. He chooses words and ideas based on current issues. These inscriptions tell his own story, and the story of China. For example, one of his seals is called “Breaking Through”. One character pushes against another. It is like something new pushing against something old. “Breaking Through” is also the name of a book Li wrote about his life. In Li’s government positions, he led the way in encouraging international trade in China. The seal shows the struggle of new and old ideas. Voice 2 Li believes cultural exchange is the language of the soul or spirit. And this affects his seal making. His art may be Chinese, but the influences on it are international. He has even created seals based on famous people from the West. He made one to honor the great musician Mozart. It almost looks like musical writing. Voice 1 Li has made many seals that represent his experiences of seal carving. One of his seals is: My Heart Travels Beyond the Seal Voice 1 This seal shows characters breaking past the square border of the seal. They are long. The seal is limited, but a person’s heart is not limited. The characters on the seal also tell about a stone. This stone represents Li’s experience of seal making. Here are some other seals that talk about the artist, and the seal. A stone speaks of one’s strong desires. A stone speaks of beauty. A stone declares one’s feelings. Voice 1 Li Lanqing has done much to continue the ancient tradition of Chinese seal carving. His work unites old and new. And he has introduced the art of Chinese seals to the world. https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 2 Liu Xiaoming is the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom. In a speech honoring Li and his seal carving, he said, Voice 6 “Mr. Li is a strong supporter of making seal carving popular. He has brought seal carving to the interest of all people. Many of these people are excited to find out how fascinating seal carving is. The growing popularity of seal carving is creating a bright future for this ancient treasure of China.” Voice 1 The writers of this program were Shelagh Godwin and Christy VanArragon. The producer was Nick Mangeolles. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet athttp://www.radioenglish.net. This program is called, ‘Chinese Seal Carving’. Voice 2 We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye. BÀI 3 Mosaics: Changing Haiti Piece by Piece Voice 1 Welcome to Spotlight. I’m Liz Waid. Voice 2 And I’m Adam Navis. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live. Voice 1 A group of children are busy in Jacmel, Haiti. Children of all ages stand in front of a grey, stone wall. They stick small pieces of glass on the wall. Together, the small pieces make a picture of a large tree. The children also use the glass to make pictures of colourful birds and animals. Soon, the wall is not grey. Bright, beautiful colour now covers the wall. The children have created a mosaic. Today’s Spotlight is on the art of mosaic. We tell how some children have used mosaic to increase hope in Jacmel. https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 2 A mosaic is a picture or design made of many small pieces. These pieces are called tiles. The first mosaics were designs on the floor. Artists in ancient Rome made these floors out of small stones. Many of the Ancient Roman mosaics have lasted for thousands of years. Now, most mosaic tiles are glass or stone. Tiles usually measure less than two centimetres across. They can be any shape but they are often a square. The artist places the square tiles together. The artist uses hundreds - or even thousands - of tiles. But from far away, a mosaic looks like one smooth picture. Voice 1 Making a mosaic is a complex process. First, the artist draws a design on a surface, like a wall. Then, she uses glue to attach the tiles to the surface. She spreads glue on one side of the tile. Then she places it firmly on the surface. She must be careful to put it in the correct place. When the glue is dry, the tile is permanently attached. Voice 2 But the mosaic is not finished yet. The artist must fill the spaces between the tiles. Artists fill these areas with a mix of sand and cement called grout. When it is wet, the grout is like wet soil. But it becomes hard when it is dry. The artist rubs the grout over all the tiles. She makes sure that all the spaces are full. Then she cleans off the extra grout until the surface is flat. She wants to see the full shape of all the tiles. The grout dries. The mosaic is now finished. Voice 1 The children in Jacmel made their mosaic in this way. They called it the ‘Tree of Life’. They made it on a long wall near the ocean. But the wall is broken. There is a long line up and down the wall - a crack. The children did not fix this crack. Instead, it is a part of their mosaic. They put shells into it. They want people to put messages and prayers into these shells. Voice 2 The messages and prayers are for the people of Haiti. In January 2010, a large earthquake broke the wall. The earthquake caused terrible damage to the country of Haiti. Many people were killed. The earthquake was especially terrible for children. Many family members, even parents, died. Some children lost the chance to go to school. Many children were left with no home and no food. Voice 1 The earthquake destroyed many buildings in Haiti. Broken cement, metal and glass covered Jacmel. The children used these broken materials in their art work. The children also used tiles. The tiles were a gift from people in Haiti and the United States. https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 2 Mosaic art is a good symbol for Haiti. The tiles in a mosaic are very small. They may even be broken. But they are held together by strong grout. They are not easy to destroy. And together they can make a beautiful picture. The ‘Tree of life’ mosaic is a sign of hope. One of the girls who made the mosaic told the TV program Nick News: Voice 3 “The reason that I am working on the wall is because we believe that there will be a change in Haiti. And then when the change does happen, then we will see - it started by this wall. It makes me feel very happy to have people come here and look at it. It is something good that we are doing for Haiti.” Voice 1 The children who created the mosaic are part of an art program. The art program is called the “Art Creation Foundation for Children in Haiti” or ACFFC. This group provides meals and education for children. But it also provides hope for the future. It does this through teaching the children art skills. Voice 2 A person does not have to be an experienced artist to make a mosaic. This makes it a good art form for children and young people. ACFFC asked the American artist Laurel True to come to Haiti. Laurel True is a famous mosaic artist. She and the children in Jacmel worked together. While working together the children talked and dreamed together. They thought of other projects they could do. Laurel True believes that making art together can lead to other kinds of community projects. She explains on her website: Voice 4 “The project will concentrate on skill building and mosaic training for children and young adults. Then they may use these skills for starting future businesses. The tree of life mosaic will serve as a memorial for the lives lost in the earthquake last January. It will serve as a symbol of the hope for future rebuilding in Haiti." Voice 1 The mosaic makes Jacmel a more colourful and beautiful city. The children who created it learned new art skills. They made plans for the future of their city. They used their skills for their community. But they also received something more. One of the girls who made the mosaic talked to the TV program Nick News. She shared the new hope that she has: Voice 5 “The mosaic that we are doing represents many things. It represents that Haiti will still grow. Haiti will still be here. It will be rebuilt. Deep down inside I feel very good. I feel worth [...]... the city First of all, the group wanted to celebrate 100 years of independence from Portugal They also wanted Rio to have a symbol of the importance of the Christian religion in Brazil Brazilian Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 politicians gave Circulo Carioca permission to build the monument But private citizens paid for most of the statue... cross Instead, Jesus is standing in the shape of a cross He stands with his arms spread wide open This is the design we see today It represents all these elements of the Christian faith But it Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 also shows something else The stories of Jesus show that Jesus loved all people He cared for all people - rich and... history of Brazil But it is also important for the millions of people from many countries who visit it Padre Omar is the rector, or priest, of the church at the base of the statue He told the BBC, Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 6 "It is a religious symbol, a cultural symbol, and a symbol of Brazil Christ the Redeemer brings a wonderful... many things Many people agree with him Instead of throwing plastic bags away they try to find ways to reuse them Today’s Spotlight is on making something useful and beautiful with old plastic bags Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 1 Plastic is made from natural gases and petroleum - a thick oil that people remove from the earth In the... bags They carry their things in cloth bags These bags can be used many times without breaking In some situations people must use plastic bags Then they try to reuse them before throwing them away Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 1 In Cameroon, a group of women saw the problem of plastic bags They decided to do something about it They... plastic bags - like Pascale Marthine Tayou did at Gare Saint Lazare The artist and the women at FAREM have a similar hope for the world They hope that people will think carefully about the materials Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 that they use And they hope that people will take care of their environment - especially when it comes to plastic... have a long history with people Many experts believe that the first domesticated cats came from Egypt Ancient pictures show that cats were a normal part of Egyptian life for thousands of years! Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 1 No one knows exactly when the first cats in Egypt came from the wild and became domesticated But experts... jewellery that a person would wear around the neck or arm, or on the ear People owned cat statues Women even began copying the look of the cat They painted around their eyes to look more cat-like Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 2 Many Egyptians even worshiped a cat goddess, a female god She had the body of a woman, but the head of a... under its body, it means you can expect cold weather very soon Voice 2 Many superstitions about cats have to do with luck Cats can be either good luck, or bad luck but it depends on the situation Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 1 In the United States, it is bad luck to see a white cat at night But dreaming of a white cat is good luck... Welcome to Spotlight I’m Rena Dam Voice 2 And I’m Liz Waid Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Voice 1 There is a large square stone near a river in Northern Wales Grass and trees surround it This gray stone . Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng NGUYỄN ANH THỊNH BÁCH KHOA ĐÀ NẴNG 14D1 SPOTLIGHT ENGLISH 2015 https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh. This is called “wild style.” https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng Voice 1 The largest kinds of graffiti are called pieces their pieces. Graffiti artists https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008715101513 Nguyễn anh thịnh 14D1 Bách khoa đà nẵng also do other kinds of design projects. Doze Green is