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So DKKHXB: 1482-12/CXB/12-181/THTPHCM ngSy 06/12/2012. Quy^t djnh xuat bkn s6: 1815/QD-THTPHCM-2012 do NXB Tong h(?p Thanh ph^ H6 Chi Minh cS'p ng^y 28/12/2012. In xong nOp lUU chi^u quy' I nanri 2013. (HuMtta 4, p DAI CI/CJNG VE H6A HpC HtfU CCJ A. TOM TAT Lf THUY^T I. MdDAUVEHbA HOC HirUC(]fVAH0P CHAT H0UCCf 1. H^p chaft hffu ccf la hdp chat cua cacbon (trilf CO, CO2, muoi cacbonat xianua, cacbua, ) 2. PhSn loaii h^p chSt hffu ccf . ^ 9!^: : J^'l • , Hop cha't hQu CO Hidrocacbon ^ ^ ' Din xuS't cua hidrocacbon Hidrocacbon Hidrocacbon Hidrocacbon no khOng no thorn Din Ancol Andehit Amin Axit HOP xuS't Phenol Xeton nitro Este chat halogen Ete tap chile, polime 3. Danh phap h^p chS't hffu cd a) Ten thong thiidng (nguon goc flm ra chat) ^'-''-^Msg «*av*f« b) Ten h^ thong (lUPAC) ' '':i,'1^'/^(ryi Ten goc chiJc = Ten phan goc + T6n phan dinh chiJc Ten thay the = Ten phan thay the + Ten mach C chinh + Ten phan dinh II. PHAN TICH NGUYEN TO 1. Ph3n tichdjnh tinh f''''"/''-;' * Xdc dinh C : Dot chdy chat hSu cd CO2 CaCOjl * Xac dinh H : Dot chdy chat hihi cd H2O ^CuS04khan^ CUSO4.5H2O '••'^ ^ - (xanh) * Xic dinh nitd : C^HyCN, (NH4)2S04 + .jV- v!* ?n.f• *« ^ • • * (NH,)2S04 + 2NaOH >Na2S04 + 2NH3t + 2H2O * Xac dinh halogen : CxHyO,N, > CO2 + H2O + HCl 1:4 ; ? HCl + AgNOj > AgCli + HNO3 vi , 2. PhSn tich djnh Irf^ng (A la chat hffu cd c6 HIA) chffc mc=12 i4^(g) 44 -H = 2.i^(g) = i^.100% => %H=-2^.100% =>%N=i^.lOO% niA Phan djing \ik phuong ph^p g'Ai H6a hpc 11 HJu co - B8 Xuan Hung => mo = niA - (mc + mH + IHN) hay %0 = 100% - (%C + %H + %N) ^ ; , III. CONG THLTC PHAN TlT HOP CHAT H0U COf '^'iMj^J 1. C6ng thtfc defn gian nhS't ! Y it Mi * t ,vN ' ( . C6ng thu-c phan tuT (CTPT) : CxHyO,Ni v,!^ j Cong thu-c ddn gian nhat (CTDGN): (CpH,OrN,)„ (n= 1,2, 3, ) ,| * Cach thiet lap : Tim ti 1$ (C,HyO,) so, ^^.,^ mr mH niQ ^ %C %H %0 , ; x:y:z=—^:—^:—^ hay x:y:z= : : = p : d:r 12 1 16 12 1 16 2. Cdngthtfc phan tuT (CTPT) ^ /•^^j,;' •is/Vi' — ••"^ n:!ir::.xM\i * Cach thiet lap : - Xdc dinh khoi luWng mol phan tuT: MA = Me.dA/B hoac MA = 29.dA/kk •i^itiiH ' - Difa vac % khoi lu'dng cac nguyen to : j CxHyO, > xC + yH + zO ' ' ' I „ . 12x y 16z M Tacdtil?: = -^ = = => x, y, z %C %H %0 100% • • , J; - Dura vao cong thiJc ddn gian nha't: i^i^Y j j. C,HyO, = (CpH,0,)„ = M =^n= ^ „, i^'0:^ 12p + q + 16r ,/>a F . - Tinh tnic tiep theo kho'i Itfdng san pham do't chdy : -H - 'I CxHA + ^ y z x + 4 2 02 ^xCO^+^H^O ' "A •"':i'f<(T}iD "002 "H2O 1 pff ' '1 '* Tacdtiie:—= —= ^x,y;tirMAtinhdirdcz. ^'-'^^^^^'^ ' t "A "002 2n,,20 i IV. CAU TRUC PHAN Tlf HOP CHAT H0U CO iii * 1. C6ng thitc cfiu tao js * Cong thiJc cau tao khai trien ;| .>fiX * Cong thiJc ca'u tao thu gon 2. Ddngdang Nhffng hdp chat c6 thanh phan phan tuT hdn k^m nhau mpt hay nhieu nhom CH2 nhiftig c6 tinh chat hoa hpc tiidng tif nhau. "V''';^;! ' ' ,4^ 3. D6ng phan .,.,.:,„ ,;„., , , . „ .,.j, . j^w'^^ NhiJng hdp chat khdc nhau nhu^g c6 cClng c6ng thiJc phan til. iti 4. Lidn kd't trong phan tuT hflTp chS't hflu ccf Lien ket ddn, lien ket doi va hen ket ba. '* JifJ^K hn- A V. PHAN 0NG HOU CO 1. Phan tfng the": CH4 + CI2CH3CI + HCl HO - : J r 2. Phan uTng cOng: C2H4 + Br2 > C2\I^BT2 ' 3. Phanurngtach: CH3-CH2-OH-S^^ CH2=CH2 + H2O H Dac diem cua phan iJng h6a hpc trong hoa hoc hffu cd : - 1 - Phan iJng thifdng xay ra cham. \'t } -\{^ An - Phan iJng thudng sinh ra hon hdp san pham. ; '.^^ B. PHAN LOAI VA PH JCJNG PHAP GIAI CAC DANG BAI TAP - (Vm fihan ling^hau c^ririO'-vH^^-TH;} ,HI4 ,H;:HHD-;.ii:):-,-i-'' • - <Jjhaii loai fditut itiig. hitii eet ' t - (Vi& eMiq. Ihiie eaii tim, ctmtg^ phdn^ ddtig^ dqttQ^ ede ehdt BAI TAP MAU VA BAI TAP NANG CAO i? Bai 1. Viet phifdng trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan iJng xay ra theo sd do sau f.^ CH^CH CH2=CH2 CH3-CH2-OH CH3CH2-Br Q j|j Trong cac phan iJng tren, phan iJng nao thupc loai phan tfng the, phan iJng cong, phaniJngtdch? ,,,, ^^^^^^ ^.^^ Giai (1) CH^CH + H2 ^'^''^^^^^) CH2=CH2: phan iJng cpng (2) CH2=CH2 + H2O ""'^°> CH3-CH2-OH : phan iJng cpng 1,,, ? Mrtr; (3) CH3-CH2-OH + HBr CH3-CH2-Br + H2O : phdn tfng thg* ' ' (4) 3CH=CH ^•^°°°^) (Q) : phan u-ng cpng Bai 2. Co ba chat hCu cd c6 cong thiJc Ian liTdt la : C4Hii)0, C4H9CI, C4H11N, Cho biet chat nao c6 nhieu dong phan hdn ? Gidi * C4H|()0 : „., 'J, '(.,, . - ,M >•'•; ^ ;j;y CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH ; CH3-CH2-CH2-O-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 ; CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 Phan djing va phUdng ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu cO - D5 XuSn HiJng OH ^ , :Jt CH3-CH-CH2-OH ; CH3-CH-O-CH3 ; CH3-C-CH3 i CH3 CH3 CH3 * C4H9CI: i ,:u ;. - CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CI ; CH3-C-CH3 • „ CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 ; CH3-CH-CH2-CI CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 ; CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3 uhi^t^ya:f"•••• CH3-CH2-CH-NH2 ; CH3-CH2-NH-CH2-CH3 . „ ' CH ^ ,'',»:v'A,«; tvifi^i^; nvA ^'ihiyii, 'I'l-iM mhh,'\'vt;^5"* ••• CH3-CH-CH2-NH2 ; CH3-CH-NH-CH3 CH3-C-CH3^"' '.HDsHD v';^; CH3-CH2-N-CH3 ,m m ^-i^-^ fiCtelt) I I " 1 CH3 CH3 (iij Vay chat cd nhieu dong phan nhat Ik CiH^N roi den C4H,„0, C4HyCl. Bai 3. Cho ba hdp chat : A (cau tao tit C, H); B (cau tao tuf C, H, N); C (cau tao tit C, H, O). Chaft nao thupc loai hidrocacbon, cha't nao thuQC loai dan xuat cua hidrocacbon. ' ' . , * A la hidrocacbon \\ chi cSu tao gom hai nguyen to C. H. 1;,) • jil * B va C la dan xuat cua hidrocacbon vi ngoai hai nguyen to C, H cdc hcJp chat B, C con chiJa cdc nguyen to khac (N va O). a) Trong cac hdp chaft sau. hc(p chat n^o la hffu cd, hcJp cha't nao la v6 cd CH4, CHCI3. C2H7N, HCN, CHjCOONa, C,2H220|,, f C2H3Cl}-„, AI4C3. b) Chat nao sau day la hidrocacbon ? la dan xuat cua hidrocacbon : CH2O, C2H5Br, CH2O2, CfiHsBr, CfiHfi, CH3COOH. Gidi a) Hdpchathi?ucd:CH4,CHCl3,C2H7N.CH3COONa,C,2H220,i,{C2H3Cl}„. * Hdp chat v6 cd : HCN, AI4C3. ' b) Hidrocacbon: CfiHfi. frt') Dan xua't cua hidrocacbon : CH2O, C2H5Br, CH2O2, CfiHjBr, CH3COOH. Bai 5. Cho 6 hdp cha't hi?u cd ddn chiJc, mach hcl cd cung cong thiJc phan tuT 1^ C4HXO2. Viet cdc cong thiJc ca'u tao thu gpn cua cdc chat dd. • , • , CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH ; CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH-COOH ir CH3 HCOO-CH2-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH2-COOCH3 ; HCOO-CH-CH3. CH Bai 6. Cac phan uTng sau day thuOc loai phan iJng nho ? (phan iJng the, phan iJng cong, phan iJng tach) ? a) C2H6 + CI2 ^ C2H5CI + HCl b) C4HX + H2O C4H,oO c) CzHsCl ) C2H4 + HCl d) 2C2H50H^^C2H50C2H5 + H20 e) CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-OH f) CfiHft + Brj CfiHsBr + HBr g) C4HH, + 5F2 > 4C + lOHF h) CH3OH + HCl CH3CI + H2O a) Phan iJng the b) Phan iJng cpng c) Phan tfng tach ^' d) Phan iJng tach e) Phan iJng cpng f) Phan iJng the g) Phan ifng tach h) Phan u-ng the. ' Bai 7. Dtfa vao tinh chat hoa hoc cua CH2=CH2 va CH^CH (da hoc d Idp 9). Hay Viet phiTdng trinh hoa hoc khi cho CH3-CH=CH-CH3 va CH3-C^-CH3 lac dung vdi Br2, H2 va cho biet nhufng nhdm nguyen tuT nao trong phan tuf cua hai hdp cha't tren da gay nen cac phan u'ng dd. , ,:( ; . * CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Br2 > CH3-CH-CH-CH3 -mwaot/rh sn6:; ?iv (. ^;,H"^ ' Br Br 'hi: , ' ' CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 - . t .•ri.VH,? „5»ni;.,.> ; y.>t3ffi.;*):.! => Nhdm nguyen tuf gay nen phan iJng : -C=C. 0;| ^0ktxi-nUym¥'' '' Br Br ,:.„„ ; , * CH3-CHC-CH3 + 2Br2 —> CH3-C—C-CH3 | ^.l^:, CH3-C^C-CH3 + 2H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH 3 => Nhdm nguyen tuT gay nen phan uTng 1^ : -C=C Bai 8. Viet phufdng trinh hda hoc cua cdc phan iJng xay ra trong cac triTdng hdp sau va cho biet cac phan u'ng dd thuQC loai phdn uTng n^o (phan vJng the, phan uTng cpng, phan u'ng tach). Phan dgng vji phuong phap giSi H6a hgc 11 HDu co - D8 XuSn Hung a) Etilen tac dung vdi hidro c6 Ni lam xuc tdc va dun n6ng. b) Dun n6ng axetilen d 600"C vdi bgt than lam xuc tac thu diTdc benzen. '^f ' c) Dung dich ancol etylic d^ lau ngoSi khong khi chuy^n thanh dung dich axit axetic (giam an). • ti > . if iJ ;^W;> ; / :i•0 ,^K;;» ,• ' a) CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3-CH3 (phan iJng cOng) ,li::).:.:H':;) H':) i:X)'» ' ^ ^ (CfiHfi) [Q] (phan iJng cpng) b) 3CH=CH 600° C • c) C2H5OH + 02(kk) ^^"^ > CH3COOH + H2O ^ phan ifng oxi h6a ,, , r); ^ <.': , , , . khong hoan toan. Bai 9. Cho cac chat sau, nhffng chat nao la dong ding cua nhau ? NhCng cha't nao la ddng phan cua nhau ? , CH3-CH3 • ill (1) CH3-CH-CH3 (Ui + jK'(2):} VJ {.7 CH, ^IM;;; + QI ^ - CH. CH, CH3-CH2-CH2-OH (4) •>1 (3 CH3-CH=CH2 (5) CH3-CH2-O-CH3 (7) va) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH(9) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2CI-CH2-CH3 (6)ii'i(t) J 'I'd I i.i'i I', / 411 X \M ^m)hWfm \0- :H':) fjv fi'0 i Gidi ^.rf Anr^iiJ' ]ifh / Iq iHu f£;Cic chat la dong ding : (1) va (6); (4) va (9). rt' rirt 4 t\i& '•^'cf f,.' II }H * Cdc chaft dong phan cua nhau : (2) va (8); (4) (7), (3) (5). ^ . <h. Bai 10. ' a) Hay viet cong thufc electron va cong thiJc cau tao c^c phan tuT sau : >~.,r)i }f'3 , * CH3CI, CH4O, CH2O, CH5N. b) Hay vie't cong thufc cau tao khai trien va cong thiJc cau tao thu gon nhat cula cac hdp chat sau : C3H6, CH3CHO, CH3COOC2H5, CH3CN, biet ring trong phan tiJf cua chiing diu c6 lien ket bpi. :''rf !"'v •"^'H^;-^'' ijik I'-'iy '•^•"•.i-r., , • Gidi a) If/ CTPT CT electron CTCT H M V , CH3CI H:C:C1 " " ' H-c-ci ••^-v:'^5'-«• /-^'ii^gj 4; H::) ?:HD + H CH4O H:CJO:H H-C-O-H ' ' 1 H H b) CH20 H:C::0: ii H-C=0 H H H 1 CH5N H:C:N:H H H 1 H-(j:-N-H H H CTPT CTCT khai trien CTCT thu gon nhat H 1 CH3-CH=CH2 C3H6 H-C-C=C-H AAA hoac CH3CHO •? /° H-C-C A hoac CH3-CHO H-c-c H 0-C-C-H 1 1 H H CH3COOCH2-CH3 CH3COOC2H5 H-c-c H 0-C-C-H 1 1 H H hoac H 1 CH3CN CH3CN H-C-C=N hoSc =N Bai 11. Dong phan la gi ? The nao la nhffng chat dong ding ? Trong so nhuTng chat diTdi day, nhCTng chat nao la dong phan cua nhau ? Nhffng chat nao la dong ding cua nhau ? a) CH3-CH2-CH=CH2 b) CH3-CH=CH2 c) I ^ I ^ CH2 —CH2 i, J^'p 'f':''f(\f .'/"iiV;' lyi- V/• y.i •' U H CH3 I d) C=CH2. CH, ^han dang phuong phiip giai H6a hgc 11 HOu co - D8 Xufln Ht/ng •)) Viel cong thu'c ca'u tao c6 the cd cua cac dong dang cua ancol etylic cd cong thu'c phan tuT CsHxO va C4H|„0. I) * C2H6O: CH3-CH2-OH ; CH3-O-CH3 * C3H6O: CH3-CH2-CHO; CH2=CH-CH2-OH; CH2=CH-0-CH3; OH ! CH3-C-CH3 ; CH ; ^\ P"2-CH2 - * C4H,,,: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH-CH3 IB.'IV M I . , . , CH, ! * CH2CI2: H-c-ci ; ! H I O * C2H4O2: H-C-C H ^0-H hay CH3COOH .&i , H-^-O-C-H hay HCOOCH3 O H . H-O-C-C 5fs|.;y'|a)(jl sS wi? H H ^ , H H . . * C2H4CI2: H-C-C-CI H CI ^ HH •iA''VA;«(THi,v.H-C-C-H I I CI CI hay CHg -CHO ^>|ri; i;^ q .i j, 1 i.iaii! KuHfiidq snob iii uVifi }«b jjrfMfi iftrfj hay CHiCHCl: 1, ir } hay CH2CI-CH2CI. .) * CjHsO : CH3-CH2-CH2OH ; CH^-CH-CHg in * C4H,oO; CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH ; CH,-CH,-CH-CH 3 —v^xa2 ^~^'^'-3 OH OH CHg -C-CH3; CH3 -CH-CH2OH. •'AO. * KHAJgG VIET Bai 13. NhCng cha't nao sau day la dong ding cua nhau, dong phan cua nhau ? a) CH3-CH=CH-CH3 b) CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 c) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 d) CH2=CH-CH3 e) CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 g) CHg =CH-CH-CH3 -) CH3 Si I'lfU. _n—i^n.o. I h) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 i) CH3-CH2-CH-CH3. Gidi * Cac cha't la dong dang cua nhau : d, a va e;d, a va g;d, b va e;d, b va g;i va h;e h. ., * Cac chat la dong phan cua nhau : a va b; e va g; c va i. ^- • Bai 14. a) Hay vie't cong thu'c phoi canh cua CH3OH (metanol) va ciia CHCI3 (ciorofom). b) Hay viet cong thiJc phoi canh cua C2H6 (etan) va C2H5OH (etanol). . " , .', Gidi " .' ' , a) * CH3OH H ^ V , , . *CHCl3: H V HO^ " CI b) *C2H,: H H *C2H50H: » H \« . \ H'HilIC—C-*H r, H iii|C-C-*H V \1 t::.ith,</- : Hut 4 \ H H H OH • ,,, r • ' < W r Dcuia 2. . ,, - (Xide (tiiih it/ ed mat lu/mjeu ta, thanh plidit ede iitfiiifjeii to' trmtq chut hffll etf i) -f;>i vJ.(}v .'4\ jli^f,!) ym C. IJ,Ofni r;iV),(J -~ - - f£gfi etniff thiie ittfii qlun iihal . ,,),,., „,,,,,v,y,) .>.4,j j.^j;,^;^ . , , ^ BAI TAP MAU VA BAI TAP NANG CAO Bai 1. Oxi h6a ho^n toan 0,6g hdp chat hi?u cd A thu duTdc 0,672 lit CO2 (dktc) vj 0,72g H2O. Tinh thanh phan % khoi liTdng cua cac nguyen to trong phan tuf cha't A. Gidi Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to : viul^h^ njo! r , - mc=12.neo,^12.^ = 0.36(g)^ ' mH = 2.nH,o=2.^ = 0,08(g) " "i'^ => mo = 0,6 - (0,36 + 0,08) = 0,16 (g) Phan d?ng va phudng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HQu co - D8 XuSn Hung Thanh phan % khoi lifdng cic nguyen 16' trong A : d, i jy. -fir Ji'''J" ^rNw %C= •^xlOO% = 60% jriH./, 0.6 •••:> ;if^;r.^:jf:> ft,-:., %H= 100% = 13,33% ^%0 = 26,67%. £ >- iH^*^ >^ ^^ V 0,6 ' • Bai 2. Tinh khoi lifdng mol phSn tuf cua cdc chat sau : jj,;., ,,,,, a) Chat A c5 ti khoi hdi so vdi khong khi bkng 2,07. b) The tich hdi cua 3,3g chat X b^ng the tich cua l,76g khi oxi (do cf ciang dieu kifn ve nhiet do, ap sua't). Gidi '•^''''^ '^''''^ * a) dA/kk = ^ = 2,07 ^ MA = 29.2.07 = 60 (dvC). , ^g^,, .^.^ . b) Ta c6: no2 =^^ = 0,055 mol => nA = = 0,055 mol=>MA == 60 (g/mol). 32 0,055 Bai 3. Dot chay hoan toan 0,282g hdp chat hiJu cd A, san pham sinh ra cho qua binh dtrng CaCl2 khan va binh dUng NaOH, thay binh diTng CaCla tSng them 0,194g, binh dufng NaOH tSng them 0,8g. Mat khac dot chay liTdng chat A tren thu difdc 22,4ml khi nitd (dktc). Xac dinh thanh phan % khoi liTdng cac nguyen to trong A. Gidi " Cho san pham chay qua binh dtfng CaCb : mi = 0,194g =>mH20 =0'194g = Qua binh dirng NaOH : m, = 0,8g=> mco, = 0.8g Kho'i lifdng cac nguyen to : mc=12.M = o,22(g); mH = 2. ^ = 0,02 (g) .^-Wi^ 44 18 0 0224 ' . V . ^ . J' 1. t "Nz = = 0.001 (mol) mw = 0,001 x 28 = 0,028 (g) . | | Thanh phin % kh^i liWng cac nguydn ttf f*« "*»*'*^ " ' %C=-^^x 100% = 78,01%; %H =-^^x 100% = 7,09% ^ ^'f^ 0,282 -*v.>M;-ii., vi^ uuu 0,282 fu,.// iu;.'>fi ixO ,| ijiitt %N= °i^x 100% = 9,93% :^ %0 = 4,97%. ^^"f^^^^^ 0,282 !ai 4. Oxi h6a hoan toan 4,92mg mot hdp chat A chiJa C, H, N O roi cho san pham Ian liTdt qua binh chiJa H2SO4 dam dac, binh chiJa KOH thi thay khoi liTdng binh chiJa H2SO4 dSc tang them 1,8 Img, binh chiJa KOH tSng them 10,56mg. d thi nghie m khac, khi nung 6,15mg hdp chat A do vdi CuO thi thu difdc 0,55ml (dktc) khi nitd. Hay xdc djnh h^m liTdng phan trSm cua C, H, O va N d hdp chat A. Gidi * Khoi lifdng binh chiJaH2S04 tang them 1,8Img chinh la mH20=>mH20 =1.81mj * Khoi liTdng binh chiJa KOH tang them 10,56mg chinh la mco, => "^C02 ^0,56 mi Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to : 10,56 1,81 mc= 12.^^^ = 2,88(mg); mH = 2.^ = 0,2 (mg) 44 18 • .I . 0 55 4 92 mN(4,92.g) = 28.^x-i—= 0,55(mg) > • '> mmiiy. j:}.,H„p : A nrv => Thanh phan % khoi lifdng %H = 2,88 4,92 0.2 4.92 ^xlOO% = 58.54% ^,^^^,„ £, s^fM)ixSk^^^^^ x 100% = 4.065% %N = ^X 100% = 11,18% - ^^'^-'^^o^''^^' '^^^ r:> %0 = 100% - %C - %H - %N = 26.215%. Bai 5. Hai chat hffu cd A va B ciing chtJa cac nguyen to C, H, O. Khi dot chay moi chat deu phai dung mOt lifdng oxi b^ng 8 Ian lifdng oxi c6 trong moi chat va thu difdc lifdng khi CO2 va H2O theo ti le khoi lifdng CO2 so vdi khoi lifdng nuTdc = —. Xac dinh cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua moi chat ? ''' " " '" - • ''' CUM ' Theo dieu ki?n de bai thi A, B la hai chat dong phan cua nhau. • Dat CTTQ cua A, B la CxHyO^. . i ,, ,, , "Mrira?- ^' YV .^'^'^ „ Phifdng trinh dot chay: , 1 . , i CxHyO, + ^ y x + ^^ 4 2 O2 > XCO2 + -HjO , Theo de : 32 y z x + . 4 2) = 8xl6z <:>4x + y=18z (1) 'IK''- mco, 22 44x 22 44x 22 . ! ^ =— o = — <=> = — =>y = 2x m 9 y 9 9y 9 The y = 2xvao(;i) => x = 3z=> z= - ' Tac6til$ x:y:z = 3z:6z:z = 3:6: 1 Vay cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua hai chat la CsHeO. ' ' ' ' 1 Phan djing va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu co - Dfi Xuan Hung Bai 6. Vitamin A (retinol) c6 c6ng thiJc phan tuf C2()H3()0, vitamin C c6 cong thiJc phan tur la CfiHsOfi. a) Vie't cong thiJc ddn gian nhat ciia moi chat. 'li,, ,. b) Tinh ti 1? % ve kho'i li/dng va ti ie % so' nguyen tur cua cac nguyen to d vitamin A va vitamin C. Gidi , " a) Cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua cdc cha't: ^ Vitamin A : C2()H3(,0; Vitamin C : C3H4O3. ,0 ' • ' 7. , b) * Ti 1Q % ve khoi liTdng cdc nguyen to : + Vitamin A : CajHjdO (M = 286) ' ''''' ' %mc=-^^^x 100% =83.92% -'*^>;':'- , 286 %mH=—xlOO% = 10,49% ^ ' ' ^ ' 286 => %mo = 100% - 83,92% - 10,49% = 5,59%. ' - , + Vitamin C : QHsOfi (M = 176) 6x12 • %mc = X 100% = 40,9% , , ,, 176 'I f , ^ i .1' ' i V lih ' %mH= —xl00% = 4,55%=^ %mo = 54,55%. ' ^" ""' ^ ' "^^'^' 176 ^.1 .!| w 'i * Ti 1? so nguyen tuf cdc nguyen to: , / j + Vitamin A : C2(iH3„0 (51 nguyen tuf) 20 %nc=—X 100% =39,22% 51 ' \ bt ii' ^''. irfih-ic^'iT %nH= —xlOO% =58,82% ^ %no= 1,96%.*' ' ' ' ' + Vitamin C : C6Hx06 (20 nguyen tijf) ; v ; %nc= xl00% =30% ' 20 - ^.^^^ . . %nH= — xl00% =40% => %no = 30%. f' • Bki 7. Chat A chiJa C, H. O c6 ti 1$ khoi li/dng mc : mo = 3 : 2 khi dot chdy h6't A thu diTdc CO2 va hdi niTdc theo u' I9 the tich Vco2 : VHJO =4:3 (cdc the tich do d cung dieu ki^n nhi§t dp, ip suat). Tim cong thiJc ddn gian nha't cua A. ^, , (TrichTSDHSuphamKythu^tTP.HCM) Z^: Gidi D$tCTTQcuaA:C,HyO,.,^^,'v. ^ ^ .fr,,s^^i,r^: ':-tf • • r |.i • • • • ; 14 PhiTdng trinh dot chay : CxHyO, + TheodI: ""^ 3 12x • = — <=> mo 2 16z y z X + — . 4 2) X => z = — 2 XCO2 + yHjO (1) Ta CO : V, CO2 _ 4 ^ JL,^1 ''H20 y 3 2 3 X y = 3x (2) , Ta c6 ti le x : y : z = x : ^x : ^ = 2 : 3 : 1 ! .r^:^^^^'":^ M 2 2 { ••••.i-n Vay cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat cua A : C2H3O. ^ = ' ' Bai 8. Hay thict lap cong thiJc ddn gian nhat tCf cac .so lieu phan tich sau : a) 70,94%C; 6,4%H; 6,9%N; con lai la oxi. i rion ' r ;o 5 ' b) 65,92%C; 7,75%H; t,;,con lai la oxi. lf:>H:\tP kvj,;tv|::,.', ' .,!,;•! X^:,, ,,,, Gidi . •i^il i orf''anf giiW'utkj I.' a) Thanh phan % cua oxi • 'jiinod:?^'^ ni'^q di' %0 = 100% - 70,94% - 6,4% - 6,9% = 15,76% Dat CTTQ cua chat hilu cd : C,HyO,N,. f ; ^ ^ %C %H %0 %N Ta c6 ti 1^ X : y : z : t = 12 1 16 14 70,94% 6,4% 15,76%. 6,9% 12 1 16 14 = 5,91:6,4:0,985:0,49= 12:13:2:1 Vay cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat la C12H13O2N. , „ ; b) Thanh phan % cOa oxi: H , . , , X : y : z %0 = 100% - 65,92% - 7,75% = 26,33% Dat CTTQ cua chat hffu cd : CxHyO,. Ta c6 ti 1? ^65^.7J5%^2M3%^ 5,49:7,75:1,64 = 10:14:3 12 1 16 Vay cong thu-c ddn gian nhat la C10H14O3. Bki 9. Dot chdy ho^n loan 4,6g mpt hdp chat huTu cd A thu diTdc 3,6g H2O. Dan khi CO2 sinh ra vao dung dich ni/dc voi trong 0,1M thi difdc 8g ket tua v^ dung dich Y. nho tiep dung dich NaOH v^o dung dich Y thi difdc 3,5g ket tua nffa. Xac dinh cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat cua X. Gidi Tac6: mH=2.—= 0,4g 18 i CO2 + Ca(0H)2 > CaCOji + H2O 0,08 mol 0,08 mol Phan djing va phudng phip giSi H6a hpc 11 HQu co - D8 Xuan Hifng 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 > Ca(HC03)2 ^ ? 0,07 mol 0,035 mol ' ' « ; Ca(HC03)2 + 2NaOH > CaCOji + Na2C03 + 2H2O 0,035mol ' • ' ' 0,035mol yi'; i; i,^ SomolC02: nco2 =0>08 + 0,07 =0,15 (mol) . r=>mc= 12x0,15= 1,8 (g) ' ^ ^ ^,,ffV => mo = 4,6 - 0,4 - 1,8 = 2,4 (g) 1' Dat CTTQ cua A la C.HyO,. Ta c6 ti le : , £ , , . , , v. x:y:z = ; : . M M; M= o,15 : 0,4 : 0,15 = 3 : 8 : 3 12 1 16 12 1 16 yv Vay cong thtfc ddn gian nhat cua X la CsHgOs. •> iah-) ~iSi iilrfi y \M J Bai 10. KM cho 5,3 gam hon hdp gom etanol C2H5OH ;H''i?i',fl! ;Civ^,ii' /j; va propan-l-ol CH3CH2CH2OH tac dung vdi natri drfthu diTdc 1,12 lit khi (dktc). a) Vie't phifdng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng xay ra. b) Tinh thanh phan % khoi lifdng cua moi chat trong hon hdp. S' dinMT {a a) C2H50H + Na > C2H50Na+-H2 ; X mol , —mol ,:'S*C,d,^ ,S'dt<ci_, :ki2, CH3CH2CH2OH + Na > CHsCHzCHzONa + ^H, 2 S^molH2: nH,=-^ = 0,05 = ^+y ' Vv: viv.c. *0()( X)^' , ,, ^, ^ 22,4 2 2 ^^_,,,,iii,3,jto.tfOr{iiM3Mp^ Ta c6 h? phudng trlnh : - + ^ = 0,05 fx = 0,05 (mol) .• s ; y •. K 2 2 => < " <cn CO y = 0,05 (mol) 46x + 60y = 5,3 .t,* veV b) Thanh phan % khoi lOdng moi chat: r^^-i&m 3^,* a.!,wsFi ibii J(? M« %C2H30H=Q'"^^^^ 100% = 43.39% : =>%CH3CH2CH20H = 56,61%.""" !:>tU^ Jlfln ft? ,, ^.^ .,. .fltfc^ : . t.;.,,iV -:7 ,S'*jim'V;-&.rfiT (DoMig 3. <£Afi. eS^ntf, thi'te fthdit tilt : - <T)t/a ocLO^ cang, thiie fteiti Qtatt nhdi i <- ' - <T)ita oda khai liMtiq. hoae % khoi lii&iig. ede nqiujjen t» - ^i/a i9dn the tieh (phiMuj fthdfi khi nhien ke) BAITAPMAU -v^'' Bai 1. Dot chay ho^n toan 5,6 lit chat hiJu cd A d thi tich khi thu difdc 16,8 lit CO2 va 13,5g, H2O. Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT cua A biet ti khoi so vdi hidro la 21 (cac khi do a dktc). , , , Gidi 5 g y,C:VO£l Afit!ip•^^);- So mol chat hu-u cd A: n = —^ = 0,25 (mol) >, „ \ 22,4 :>iA, ,.f= ,r|.v.o.H;:> Khoi liTdng mol phan tuT A: M = 21 x 2 = 42 => mA = 0,25 x 42 = 10,5 (g) 16,8 22,4 ,tyr Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to': mc = 12. ^^^^ = 9 (g) j .35 06/ mH = 2 ^ = 1,5 (g)=:> mo = 10,5-9-1,5 = 0 nl",.i,, ^ J, 1 I'M ' 11* 1! Vay trong A khong CO oxi. , • 1 Dat CTTQ cua A : CJiy. Ta c6 ti I9 : x : y = —: — = 0,75:1,5 = 1:2 , i • 12 1 ^ Cong thu-c A c6 dang (CH2)„. , .l „, ^ „ .,, Taco: 14n = 42 ^ n = 3. V$y CTPT A : C3H '^''-^'^^^-^^-^ > ^ Bai 2. Limonen la mot chat c6 mdi thdm diu difdc tdch tilf tinh dau chanh. Ke't qua phSn tich nguyen to cho thay limonen diTdc cau tao tiJ hai nguyen to C va H, trong do C chiem 88,235% ve khoi lifdng. Ti khoi hdi cua limonen so vdi khong khi gan b^ng 4,69. Lap cong thiJc phan tuT cua hmonen. , ' Gidi Thanh phan % kh6i li/dng nguyen to hidro : %H = 100% - 88,235% = 11,765% ''"'^^'^ " ^ Khoi liTdng mol phan tur: M = 4,69x29= 136 ,, Dat CTTQ cua limonen : CxHy. Ta c(5 ti 1§ : . , %C %H 88,235% 11,765% '^'^'''^^'^^'^'''^^'^^^^ n I 12 1 = 7,353 : 11,765 = 5 :8 => Cong thtfc limonen c6 dang (C5H8)„. ' • V,t> - ' Tacd: (5 x 12 + 8)n = 136=> n = 2 . v i , " V$y CTPT cua limonen m CjpHii. THLT VIEN TIMH BSNH THUAN -zr::^" ' "A 9 17 Phan dgng va phuong phap giSi H6a hoc 11 Hau co - Pi Xuan Hung Bai 3. Dot chay 100ml hdi cha't hffu cd A chtfa ba nguyen to C, H, O vdi 450ml O2 la'y dff trong khi nhien ke. Sau phan ffng the tich hon hdp khi va hdi thu difdc 650ml. Sau khi cho hdi nffdc ngffng tu hon hdp chi con 350ml va sau khi cho Igi tiep qua NaOH chi con 50ml. Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuf cua A. Gidi ' '' The tIch cic chat: uir = 50ml => Vo2(ptf)= 450-50 = 400ml Vco2 =350-50 = 300ml VHJO =650-350 = 300ml Dat CTTQ cua A la CxHyO^. ' t'i 1' I, rt ? • C,H„0, + Ta c6: 100ml 1 y z x + — 4 2 400ml O, XCO2 + ^HjO 300ml 300ml ; ,.X ,<'):H 100 300 _L=_y 100 1 2.300 4~2 x = 3 y = 6 « x + i = 4; Thex = 3,y = 6=>z= 1 4 2 100 400 Vay CTPT cua A la CjHfiO. . ,• ; _ , ^ Bai 4. Hay thie't lap cong thiJc phan tuf hdp chat hffu cd trong moi trifclng hdp sau : a) Dot chdy ho^n toan lO.OOmg hdp chat hCu cd Y sinh ra 33,85mg CO2 6,95mg H2O. Ti khoi hdi cua hdp chat Ad doi vdi khong khi la 2,69. b) Dot chay hoan toan 28,2mg hdp chat hffu cd Z vk cho cdc san pham sinh ra Ian Iffdt di qua cac binh dtfng CaClz khan va KOH dff thi thay binh CaCl2 tSng them 19,4mg con binh KOH tSng them SOmg. Mat khac, khi dot 18,6mg chat do sinh ra 2,24ml khi nitd (dktc). Biet rkng phan tuf chat d6 chi chffa mpt nguyen tijf nitd. J\ tii t lat ' (1,1 t.i (jfi 1 a)Kho-ilffdngmolphantuf:M = 2,69x29 = 78 ^^^^ , ,, , „VM,H . U Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to : ^ ; W ' ^ i .v^ 33,85 ' ' mc= 12. mH = 2. 44 6,95 18 = 9,23 (mg) = 0,77 (mg) y • If => mo = 10,0©- 9,23 - 0,77 = 0=> khong c6 oxi. D5t CTTQ cua hdp chat hu» ceJ: C^Hy. Ta c6 d I9 : x:y= ^j^:.2:21 = 0,77:0,77 = 1:1 => CTcd'dau^H)„ Ta c6 : 13n = 78 => n = 6. VHy CTPT1^ CfiHfi. . b) Theo de ta c6 : ,. , ;„,,,, ;,„, 19 4 ^H20 = 19,4mg => mH = 2. = 2,15 (ja0 18 80 mco2=80mg => mc= 12. —= 21,81 (mglr ^ 44 m 2,24 , iT¥' 'M' •)'"•''''' : niN (28,2mg) = 4,24 (mg) => mo = 28,2 - (2,15 + 21,81 + 4,24) = 0 'h ,f ;;a . J Vay khong c6 nguyen to oxi trong hdp chaft hffi^ccfe lili, )i ; b 0 ', Dat CTTQ : C^HyN,. Ta c6 ti 1? : ' ' J OS! : 21,81 2,15 4,24 , „^ ^ ,^ „^ :iq utidi ^06:) x:y:z =—•—:——:—— = 1,82 : 2,15 :QB . ,:;; ; - =6:7:1 => CT cd dang (CeBilS^/ Jri^ f)^?' VI trong phan tuf chi chffa mgt nguydn tuf nitd =>-m=^U.''' ' "P '^^ "'^^i •! Vay CTPT chaft hffu cd m C6H7N. . -"5' <«^ Bai 5. Phan tich chat hffu cd X chffa C, H, O ta c6 : mc : mH : mo = 2,24 : 0,357^^'- ' ''''''' " ' a) Lap cong thffc ddn gian nhat cua X. t ' b) Xdc dinh cong thffc phSn tff ciia X biet 1 gam Ji^lam bay hdi c6 th^tich 1,2108 lit a 0"Cva 0,25 atm. ' a) Dat CTTQ caaX:CxHA.Tac6til$: ' i : ' mc . mH . mp _ 2,24 . 0,357 .2' >, r J j , ~ 12 • 1 • 16 " 12 • 1 -16. = 0,187 : 0,375 : 0.125 = 3 :6 : Z: ,:,|*^^' =>C6ng thffc ddn giSn nhat cua X : C3H6O2. ' " • ^ ^ u / b) S^molX : nx = — = ^'^^^^'^^"^ = 0,0135(mot) frf^iwlspft.! RT ^^273 v i . , . , 273 , , Kh6i Iffdng mol cua X : Mx = —^-— = 74 , < , 0,0135 (^ , Tacd: (3 x 12 + 6 + 2 x 16)n = 74 =i> n = 1 V§y cong thffc phan tff cua X la C3H6O2. r'ff) c ! > 19 [...]... hidrocacbon X Y ( M Y > M x ) , thu diTdc 11, 2 lit CO2 (dktc) va 10,8 gam H2O Cong thiJc cua X IS A C2H6 B C2H4 C CH4 D C2H2 " Trich de thi tuyen sinh Cao ddng ndm 2010" CSu 5 So lien ket a (xich ma) c6 trong m o i phan tijr: etilen; axetilen; buta-l,3-dien lanlifdtm A 3; 5; 9 >toir • &gfW"' , B.5;3;9 •••.•vc'' C 4; 2; 6 C isopentan D 4; 3; 6 " Trich de thi tuyi'n sinh Cao ddng ndm 2010" c a u 6 K h i crackinh... d i n g cua ankan J ^ - ^ •' CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 ^ ''V^.i C H 3 C H 3 C I f m:vMMtQM:>M ri > (cao su isopren) CH3-CH-CH-CH3 / +CI2 " CH3CH3 ' ' J ' • l-clo-2,3-dimetylbutan * : i U ' ' i " - ' ' ••0 'V-.-.-.'-^.'';'^ CHj-CH-C-CHj +HC1 2-clo-2,3-dimetylbutan ,1 I "4 "111 ,1 Bai 10 Cho biet C T C T cua pentan trong cac t r i ^ n g hdp sau: C'iiv orfi'i ,:vi''f'i(i v^iiii r f t j i i CI JO'^KI... PhSn dang va phudng phdp gi^i Hoa hpc 11 HQu c d - D5 XuSn Hi/ng Tacd: n = ^ 5 ^ =2 , 6 ^ a = - b a +b 3 Matkhac: A.C6H,4 (I) (II) Cflu 7- Cho iso-pentan ike dung v d i C12 theo t i 1$ so m o l 1 : 1, so' san pham a = 0,004 mol monoclo t ^ i da thu difcJc la b = 0,006 mol A 2 B 3 \nirrM ^ ':yki! phan ifng = 30 - 5 = 25 d^ = , 2 0 - 15 = 5 c m ' cm' 21 Ptiftn^ang^ phicnq phap giai Hfa^pc 11 Hi?u co - P8 Xuan HiMg BAI TAP NANG CAO • ^ u a n g trinhphan tfngchdy: B a i 1 Mot hdp chat hilu cd A chuTa 5 4 , 8 % C ; 4,8%H; 9,3%N con lai la O Cho biet Q H y + (x + ^,)02 ->-xC02 + ^HzO ph§n tuf khoi cua nd la 1 5 3 X a c dinh c6ng thiJc phan tuf cua hdp chat V i sao... hidrocacbon A c6 dang (CnHzn+i)^ V a y A thupc day dong nhiet Cho vi du ? r'ii.'V K h i X = 1 ==> CnH2„+i : la goc hidrocacbon c6 hda tri 1 (loai) vi A la mpt hdp chat V a y C T C T cua pentan la ( 2 ) : 2-metylbutan (isopentan) Ptpi?: ' ^' ^ Phfln d?ng va phuong phap giai H6a hpc 11 HQu cd - O i XuSn Htmg J g W A l g f t VWOT CH2CI—CH-CH2-CH3 Cho quy tim am Ian Itfdt vao ba khi c6n lai, khi n^o lam quy . rDjachf: 71 Dinh TiSn Ho^ng - P.Da Kao - Q.I MP.HCM Diin thoai: 08. 3 9115 694 - 39105797-3 9111 969 - 3 9111 968 Fax: 08. 3 911 0880 Email: khangvietbookstore®yahoo.com.vn Website: www.nhasachkhangvlet.vn. hoac CH 3CHO •? /° H-C-C A hoac CH3 -CHO H-c-c H 0-C-C-H 1 1 H H CH3COOCH2-CH3 CH3COOC2H5 H-c-c H 0-C-C-H 1 1 H H hoac H 1 CH3CN CH3CN H-C-C=N hoSc =N Bai 11. Dong. chat hCu cd Y sinh ra 33,85mg CO2 6,95mg H2O. Ti khoi hdi cua hdp chat Ad doi vdi khong khi la 2,69. b) Dot chay hoan toan 28,2mg hdp chat hffu cd Z vk cho cdc san pham sinh ra Ian Iffdt