Thái Nguyên thực hiện công cuộc xóa đói, giảm nghèo, giai đoạn 2001 -2010.

THKCTliN-KINHNGHltM THAI NGUYEN THI/C H|£N CONG CUdCX6A0dl GIAM NGHEO, GIAI DOAN 2001 2010 Xda Sdi giim nghio (XDCN) limit chi trUtmg lin, quan trgng vi xuyin suit cua Dingvi NH nuic ta trong thii ky Sil mil; tri thinh nhiim vu trgng tim Sit ra cho tit ci cic tlnh, thinh pho. Thil Nguyin li mit trong nhiing tlnh nim trong vung trung du vi mien nui Bic Bi Si eo nhiiu sing tgo trong viic thue hiin cing cugcXDQN, vi Si Sgt Suae mit so kit qui buic Sau. ThS HOANG TH| M* HANH Thr&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm Thdi Nguyin I.MdtsikAquibirAcdJu Vdi vi tri Id himg tdm ehinh frj, kinh tl cfla khu Vigt Bdc tiudc ddy, ciia vimg tiling du vd miln nui Bde Bfl ngdy nay. Thai Nguygn cd lpi the quan frpng ttong phdt trign kinh tl, van hod, trao doi hang hda giua viing trang du mign nui vdi vflng ddng bdng Bdc Bp, md rpng thj tiirdng ttong vd ngodi nude. Nhimg dieu kien dd tao cho Thai Nguyen cd nhieu tigm ndng dg phdt ttien kinh tg, ddy mgnh cdng cupc xod ddi gidm ngheo (XDGN), cdi thign vd ndng cao ddi sflng nhdn ddn, thye hign myc tigu phat trien nhanh vd bgn vung. Trong thdi ky dfli mdi, quan diem xuygn sudt eua Ddng Id gan tang tradng kinh tg vdi quan tdm gidi quygt ede vdn dg xd hpi ngay ttong timg budc phat triln. Cung vdi qua trinh ddi mdi, tang hirdng kinh tl, phdi quan tam tdi cdng tde XDGN, thye hien cflng bdng xa hpi. XDGN dupc xdc djnh Id mflt ttong nhflng chuong trinh quic gia. Thye hign cac nghj quylt cua Dang, cip uy, chmh quyln eae dja phuang, ttong dd cd tinh Thai Nguygn da day mgnh thye hien Chuong trinh XDGN thong qua nhung bign phdp cy the, sdt vdi tinh hlnh dja phuong, xod hp ddi, gidm mgnh hfl nghdo, tilp tyc tdng tong ngufln vin XDGN, md rpng cdc hinh thire ho ttp giup ngudi nghdo sdn xudt kinh doanh. Qudn tti^t nghj quylt cfla Ddng vg XDGN, Dgi hfli dgi bilu Ddng bp tinh Thai Nguygn lin tiifl XVI (thdng 1-2001), ttong djnh hudng phdt trien kinh tg - xd hfli giai dogn 2001 -2010 da chi ttuong: Tiip tifc thfic Uin chuong trinh xda ddi gidm ngheo. Ldng ghep cd hiiu qud cdc chtrang trinh muc tiiu cho nguai ngheo, hgp nhdt Chtrang trinh 135 vdi cdc ehuang trinh khdc vdo ehuang trinhphdt trien kinh ti - xd hgi & 18 xd dgc biit kho khdn. Ben cgnh viec tdng cu&ng x^dtrng kit cdu hg tdng cho cdc xd ngheo, cdn coi trgng cdng tdc ddo tgo cdn bg, tgo diiu kiin cho ddn cu cdc xd ngheo phdt triin ngdnh nghe, phdt triin sdn xudt, ndng cao thu nhgp. Tir ndm 2001 din 2010, dudi sy ldnh (^ cua Tinh fly, sy quan tdm chi dgo cua Uy ban nhdn dan tinh trong thye hign cac ehuang trinh, myc tigu vl XDGN, chuong hinh XDGN frgn dja bdn tinh da dien la 86 TAPCHiL!CHSlifoiNG11-2012 dung tign dfl, c6 nhung nam hodn thdnh vupt kg hogeh de ra. Kit qua XDGN ciia tinh Thdi Nguyen giai dogn 2001-2005 rit ddng khich lg, tie dfl gidm ty lg hfl ngheo eua tinh binh qudn hdng nam Id 17,15%. NIU nhu nam 2001 Id 14,91% thi ndm 2005 gidm xuIng cdn 4,68% (theo chuan cii), sd hp thodt ngheo tang dang ke. Tuy nhign, qua sd hgu digu tra, cdn phdn ldn sd hfl cd mue sdng cgn ngheo, ngn mdi khi digu ehinh ehudn ngheo thi sd hfl ngheo tdng len nhanh chdng. Ngu nam 2005 sd hfl ngheo dupe tinh theo chudn mdi' (theo quyet djnh sfl 170/2005/QD-TTg, ngay 8-7-2005 cua Thfl tudng Chinh phfl ve viec ban hdnh chudn ngheo dp dyng cho giai dogn 2006- 2012) Id 62.227 hp, tiic Id 26,85%, thi tiieo chudn mdi, ba nam tigp theo cua giai doan 2006-2010 ty lg hp ngheo hrcmg iing Id 23,74; 20,69; 17,74. Ty lg hp ngheo vdn cd xu hudng gidm vd giam deu qua cac nam. Ndm 2006 gidm 3,11% so vdi ndm 2005; nam 2007 gidm 3,05% so vdi nam 2006; nam 2008 giam 2,95% so vdi nam 2007; nam 2009 Id 13,99% va ndm 2010 Id 10,80%. Tuy vdy, flieo Quylt djnh sd 09/2011/QD-TTg, ngdy30-I-201I eua Thu tudng Chinh phfl vl vigc ban hdnh chudn hfl ngheo, hfl cdn ngheo dp dung cho giai dogn 2011 - 2015\ till so ho ngheo lgi tdng len 20,57%. Sfl hp thodt ngheo tdng ddn theo thdi gian: nam 2005 Id 9.776 hfl tdng Ign 15.214 hp vdo nam 2010; sfl hp ngheo gidm ddn tir 68.227 hp (nam 2005) xuflng 30.779 hfl (nam 2010). Dilu do chiing td eflng tdc xda ddi gidm ngheo d Thdi Nguyen di dilng hudng vd cd hieu qud. Nhung, nlu xet ttgn ty Ig sfl hfl thodt ngheo thi kit qua cdn chua hrcmg xiing vdi sy quan tdm ddu tu cua Dang bp, chinh quyen vd cflng dflng dfli vdi cdng tdc nay. Theo udc tinh cda Cyc Thing kg Thai Nguyen, tie dfl giam ngheo cua nflng thfln chi bdng 0,97 ldn so vdi thdnh thj. Tuc la eii 100 ngudi thodt ngheo d thdnh thi thi d ndng thdn chi cd 97 ngudi. Vi the, ty lg hp ngheo d ndng thon ngdy cdng tdng, tfl 90,5% (nam 2001) ldn 90,77 (nam 2005); 91,13% (ndm 2008). Ddng ehu y, ty lg hp ngheo tang ttong nhiing ndm gdn ddy do tdc dflng tieu cue cfla suy thodi kinh te todn cdu; nhigu khu cflng nghigp boat dflng khflng higu qua, ngn khdng thu hflt them lao dpng dl giai quylt nhu cdu vige lam, nhilu doanh nghigp phd sdn; lam phdt eao, khiln cho ddi sing nhan ddn, nhdt la ngudi ngheo cang khd khan hon, nguy ca tdi ngheo tang len. Thai Nguyen Id tmh cd 8 ddn tpc anh em sinh sing, kl vai vd sat canh ttong qua trinh xdy dyng vd phdt ttien. Tiong nhilu nam qua. Dang vd Chinh phfl cung nhu Dang bp tmh Thdi Nguyen da quan tam ldnh dgo, chi dao diu tu vd hfl ttp tich eye cho ddng bao dan tpc tiiilu sl (DTTS) frong hogt dpng sdn xuit kinh doanh, thye hign cdc chuong ttinh, myc tigu XDGN. Ddi sing cfla dai da sfl ting ldp ddn cu dupc eai thien va nang cao mflt budc, nhung vdn cdn mflt bfl phdn dflng bdo DTTS ddi sflng gap rit nhilu khd khan. Hp ngheo DTTS tang qua eac nam, tir 30,2% nam 2001 len 35,35% nam 2008. Cd nhilu nguygn nhan efla tinh ttang ndy, nhung nguyen nhau quan ttong Id do da sl ding bdo DTTS sing d vung sdu, vflng xa, bj chia cdt vl mat dja ly, giao luu kinh tl, van hda bj hgn chl, thilu dilu kign phdt ttiln vl hg ting ea sd va djch vu xa hpi CO bdn. Toe dfl gidm ngheo cua dflng bdo DTTS chdm hom ngudi Kinh vd khoang each ngheo cd sy chenh Igch dang ke. 87 THUCTliN-KINHNGHlEM Thdi Nguyen Id tinh cd dja hinh phflc tgp. Can eu vao dgc diem dja ly, vdn hod, ddn cu, Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh da phdn dia bdn tinh tiianh 3 vflng: Vflng trang du - phia Nam tinh (gim: thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen, huygn Phd Ygn, thj xd Sdng Cdng, huygn Phu Binh); Vflng nfli eao - phia Dong Bdc tinh (huygn Vo Nhai vd Dflng Hy); Vflng nfli - phia Bdc tinh (gdm: huypn Djnh Hda, huy$n Phfl Luang, huygn Dgi Tir). Vigc phdn chia nhu vgy nhdm tgo digu kign thugn lpi cho ddnh gid tinh hinh vd kigm tta, gidm sdt qua trinh phdt hign kinh tl-xd hfli theo tung vflng. (!) mfli vung, can cfl ddc dilm vdn hda - xd hfli vd ttinh dfl phdt ttign kinh te khdc nhau, vg so lupng va dae diem cua ngudi nghgo d moi vflng, de xdy dyng vd thye thi chinh sdch phu hpp cho mdi vimg, nhanh chdng gidm ty lg ngheo ttgn todn tinh, gdp phdn tbyc hign myc tigu ehucmg trinh gidm ngheo quoc gia. Mac dii so bp ngheo ed khac nhau va tdc dp gidm ngheo khflng giflng nhau, nhung xu hudng chung Id sd hfl ngheo gidm qua cac ndm. Ndm 2005 sfl hfl ngheo d phia Nam la 24.371 hfl gidm xuflng cdn 9.913 hfl nam 2010; raang img d phia Bic Id 29.592 hfl gidm xuing 14.305 hfl; d phia Ddng Bdc Id 7.237 gidm xuflng cdn 6.561 hp. Quan triet cdc quan diem cfla Dang vd Nhd nudc vg XDGN, bdo ddm an sinh xa hdi, thye hign myc tigu phdt trign nhanh vd bin virng, frong giai dogn 2001-2010, Ddng bp tinh Thdi Nguyen da ldnh dao thye hign cd higu qud chuong trinh XDGN vd ehinh sdch an sinh xa hfli eho ngudi ngheo trgn dja bdn tinh. Nhiing ket qua dat dupc ddng khich lg trong cdng tdc ndy da gdp phdn quan frpng vdo nhirng thdnh tuu md Thdi Nguygn dgt dupc, cd vl kinh tl, vdn hda - xa hfli. Tinh din ngdy 31-12-2010, ty le hp ngheo gidm tfl 26,85% nam 2005 xuong cdn 10,80% ndm 2010, gidm 16,05%, tirong ung 37.448 hp thodt nghdo. Bfl mdt nflng thfln ndi chung vd cde xa nghdo, xd ddc bipt khd khdn da cd sy thay doi ddng kl, nhit Id vl hg ting co sd vd phdt trien sdn xuat; ddi song cua dgi da so ngudi ddn dupc ndng eao, ddc bigt la nhdm hp nghdo ding bdo DTTS. Khdng chi tang ve thu nhgp, ddi song dupc cdi thign, ngudi nghdo DTTS edn dupc quan tdm hon frong chdm sdc sire khde, di Igi, hpe hdnh, Din nay, co sd hg ting ky thudt efla cde xd dac bigt khd khdn ca bdn dupe edi thign rd rgt: 100% xd cd tradng tigu hpe vd tram y te; 100% xd cd dudng d td den trang tdm xd; 100%i xd ed dign sinh hogt vdi 95% sl hp dflng dign; 75% hfl dflng nudc sgeh Dfli vdi cdc vflng ddc bigt khd khdn, vflng ding bao DTTS, Ddng bfl, chinh quyln tinh Thai Nguygn da thye hign cd kit qud nhung chinh sdch uu tign cua Chinh phfl thdng qua trien khai cdc ehuang trinh, dy dn, nhu: Chuong tiinh 135, 134, tiijr gid, tnj cudc vd nhieu chinh sdch uu ddi khdc Nhd dd, ngudi ngheo, ddng bdo DTTS da dupc hudng dyng cdc thdnh qud cua qud trinh phat trign kinh tl, thu hpp khodng each giiia cdc vimg. Chuong trinh gidm ngheo h-gn dia ban tinh dd thu hflt dupc sy tham gia ddng ddo cua cac ting Idp nhdn ddn. Phong trdo "Ngdy vi ngudi ngheo" dd nhdn dupc sy quan tdm vd giup dd cua nhilu cd nhdn, eflng dflng, doanh nghigp, cdc td chirc xd hfli vd nhilu td chuc quic tg. Ngodi nguin lyc hfl ttp hi Trang uang vd ngufln ngdn sdch dja phuong, Ddng bp tinh coi trpng vipe huy dflng sy ddng gdp cua cpng dflng ttong trien khai cac dy an eua ehuang trinh XDGN. Ben cgnh ho ttp bing tiln, phdi ke din sy ddng gdp bang TAP CHi LICH sut DANG11-2012 ngdy cdng lao dpng ciia ngudi ddn d nhiing nai ed dy dn. Tinh tfl nam 2000 din ndm 2010, Quy Fi nguai ngheo todn tinh dd thu dupc ttgn 33,5 ty dflng. Thdng qua ngufln quy nay, da cd tren 5.000 hfl ngheo tgi 9 huygn, thdnh phfl, thj xa ciia tinh dupc hfl ttp tign lam nhd mdi. Bgn cgnh dd, Quy cdn hfl ttp thdm hdi, ttp cip cdc hp ngheo ttong cdc djp le, tgt, hogn nan, ho ttp khdm chfla bgnh, mua edy, eon giing giflp hp ngheo fln djnh cuflc song. Cdc chinh sdch, dy dn, hogt dflng eua chuong ttinh XDGN dupc ttien khai thye hign, di vdo cuflc sflng cfla nhdn ddn, md ra hang ngdn co hfli cho ngudi ngheo dupc tiep can cdc dich vy xa hpi, timg bude cai thign ddi sing vdt chat, tuih thin, gdp phdn phat ttign kinh tg - xd hfli ciia dja phuong. hign cd higu qua myc tigu chuomg trinh quflc gia vg XDGN. Chuong trinh da di vdo cuflc sflng va huy dflng dupc su:c manh cfla ca hg thflng chinh ttj, tgo sy ddng thudn cua cac cap, cac ngdnh, tfl chue doan the, to chflc xd hfli, ede doanh nghigp, co sd sdn xuat kinh doanh, sy tham gia cua cac tang ldp ddn cu vd cfla ehinh ngudi nghgo, hfl ngheo. Chuong trinh ciing thu hut sy hudng iing, ehia se vd ung hfl tieh cue eua nhieu td chflc quoc tl. Nhflng kit qud dat dupc trong cdng cupc XDGN da gdp phdn ndng cao ddi sdng vdt chdt, tinh than cho ngudi ngheo tinh Thdi Nguyen, gdp phdn vdo nhirng thanh tyu phdt trign kmh tl, van hod, ddm bao ttdt hi an todn xd hpi va an ninh qude phdng ttgn dja bdn • 2. Mot so han die, bat cap Bgn canh nhirng ket qud dgt dupe, cdng tdc XDGN ttgn dja bdn tinh van cdn nhigu khd khan, bit cap. Tflc dfl gidm ngheo chdm lgi, nguygn nhdn ca bdn Id cdc gidi phdp edn thilu tinh ding bfl, bign phdp diu tu, hfl ttp ehua cu thg, mdi chii frpng din hfl frp ttuc tilp vdt ehit cho ngudi ngheo ma chua chu dpng ngdn ngira nhung nguy co din tdi ddi ngheo vd thodt ngheo thigu bgn virng; sd hp can ngheo cao; ngudn lyc huy dflng cho chuong trinh ban hep, sy tham gia cfla cflng ding, doanh nghigp vd todn xd hfli chua tuong ximg vdi tigm ndng cfla dja phuang, nen chua dap img diy du nhu eau cfla ngudi ngheo vd cdc xd ngheo dg tgo ra ca hfli thuan lpi cho hp vuan Ign ttong cupc sflng XDGN Id mot chu traong, chmh sdeh xa hpi ldn cua Dang, Nhd nudc ta. Trong qua trinh tbyc hign dudng ldi ddi mdi cua Dang, Dang bp tinh Thdi Nguyen da lanh dgo tiiyc 1. Theo QuySt dinh sd 170/2005/QD-TTg, ngay 8-7-2005 cua Thil tucmg Chinh phu, chuan ngheo ap dyng cho giai dogn 2006-2010 nhu sau: - Khu VUC nong thon: hp co mUc thu nh^p binh quan til 200.000d/ngudi/thang tni xuing la hp ngheo. - Khu vyc thanh thj: hp CO mice thu nhap binh tpian tit 260.000cl/ngit6i/thang tro xuing la hp ngheo. 2. Theo Quyet dinh s6 09/20II/QD-TTg, ngay 30-1 -2011 cua Thu Wong Chinh phii, chuin ngheo ap dyng cho giai doan 2011-2015 nhu sau: - Hg ngheo 6 nong thon la hp CO miic thu nhap binh quan 400.000d/ngudi/thang trd xuing. - Hp ngheo d khu vyc thanh thi la hp co muc thu nhap binh qudn SOO.OOOd/ngirM/thdng trd xuing. . hfli dgi bilu Ddng bp tinh Thai Nguygn lin tiifl XVI (thdng 1 -2001) , ttong djnh hudng phdt trien kinh tg - xd hfli giai dogn 2001 -2010 da chi ttuong: Tiip tifc thfic Uin chuong trinh xda . qua XDGN ciia tinh Thdi Nguyen giai dogn 2001- 2005 rit ddng khich lg, tie dfl gidm ty lg hfl ngheo eua tinh binh qudn hdng nam Id 17,15%. NIU nhu nam 2001 Id 14,91% thi ndm 2005 gidm . viec ban hdnh chudn ngheo dp dyng cho giai dogn 2006- 2012) Id 62.227 hp, tiic Id 26,85%, thi tiieo chudn mdi, ba nam tigp theo cua giai doan 200 6-2010 ty lg hp ngheo hrcmg iing Id 23,74;