Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, where, when, that, of which, why cách dùng của các đại từ liên hệ Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ T
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ANH VĂN 12 (BAN CƠ BẢN)
UNIT 1: HOME LIFE
A Phonetics
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
II Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6 A support B although C pressure D responsible
8 A household B confidence C left-overs D expenditure
10 A biological B result C familial D together
B Vocabulary and Structures
I Choose the best answers
11 How much do men share household and take of their children?
12 Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be for their children
13 Susan’s family and friends have given her a lot of help in her hard life
14 When moving to a big city how can you enjoy the pressures of city life?
A stresses B difficulties C problems D influences
15 Both my father and my mother are office – workers in the post office They have good jobs and secure incomes
16 Parents should get their children to in the housework
17 Everyone in the society has to act in to the law
18 Our teacher wants us to feel about asking questions when we don’t understand any lesson
A confident B confidence C confidential D confidently
19 Michael felt very disappointed because his mother decided to from his hather after 20 years of
living together
20 Although the children are rather mischievous, they always get good marks in their subjects at school
A enjoy being rude to the others B enjoy playing tricks and annoying people
C enjoy meeting and helping the others D dislike playing games annoying people
21 I in the cafe having in drink when the police arrived
22 “How long him?” – “We in 1996, but we each other since last autumn.”
A do you know / met / have not seen B have you known / met / did not see
C have you known / have met / have not seen D have you known / met / have not seen
23 When I was a boy , I tea to coffee
A prefer B preferred C was preferring D have preferred
Trang 224 She came into the room while they television.
A watched B have watched C are watching D were watchig
25 I can’t go with you because I my lessons yet
A did not finish B am not finishing C have not finished D am not finished
26 I used to swim in this river when I young
27 While I TV last night, a mouse across the floor
C was watching / ran D was watching / was running
28 I’ve been in this city for a long time I here sixteen years ago
29 She last came to visit me three years ago
A She last came to visit me for three years B She hasn’t come to visit me for three years
C She didn’t come to visit me three years ago D She hasn’t come to visit me since three years
30 We built the house in 10 months
A It takes us 10 months to build the house B It took us 10 months to built the house
C It took us 10 months to build the house D It took us 10 months build the house
II Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
31 You and your sister went to the cinema last night, weren’t you?
III Put the verb into the correct tense:
36 When I (phone) Helen last night she (wash) her hair
37 Nobody (watch) , so the little boy (take) the packet of sweets from the shelf and (put) it in his pocket
38 Her husband (have) agood position in that copany since last year
39 Since when her mother (be) a doctot? She (be) a doctor since 1990
40 last Fridaywas a holiday It (be) Independence Day, so I (not, have) to go to class
I (sleep) a little later than usual Around ten, my friend Tim (come) over to my apartment We (pack) a picnic basket and then (take) the bus to Forest Park We (spend) most of the day there
41 They (start) building that school in 2004 but they (not, finish) it yet
42 They (not, meet) each other since they (say) goodbye
43 So far, you (make) no mistakes on this exercise
44 While Bill (eat) dinner, Alicia (come) through the door
45 She (go) into the room, (take) off the hat , and (lie) down on the bed
46 Woody left his house at 8:00 a.m and began to walk to class While he (walk) to class, he (see) Mrs Smith
47 Mary and John are neighbours They (know) each other for several years Mary (move) into her house in 1985, and John (live) next door since he (come) to the area in 1980
48 Hai (come) tomy house yesterday and (turn) the TV loudly My son (sleep) then, so I (tell) him to turn it off
Trang 349 They (not, phone) me when they were on holidays because they (not, have) my address.
50 A few years ago I (learn) that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn This pub (be) the centre of village life for centuries It (stand) at our crossroads for 500 years It (be) famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (stay) there, they say I (live) in Brickfield all my life The villagers (know) about the plans for less than a week and already there’s a “Save Our Pup” campaign Last week we (be) happy, but this week we’re angry We will stop them, you’ll see
UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
A Phonetics
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
II Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
7 A diversity B maintain C majority D record
B Vocabulary and Structures
I Choose the best answers
11 Michael felt disappointed because he was by all the universities he applied to
12 Our parents are going to celebrate their silver wedding at the end of this month
A the 20th anniversary of the wedding B the 25th anniversary of the wedding
C the 2nd marriage D the day they first met
13 John and Mary were attracted to each other the first time they met
A first loved each other romantically B were first forced to get marriage
C loved each other at the first sight D loved each other for the first time in their lives
14 A ring that man gives to a womwn when they agree to get married is called a(n) ring
15 My family have lived happilyin this house for
16 Are children taught to respect different at school?
17 Julia and William broke with tradition and got married quietly
A did things differently B argued with their parents
C opposed their parents D kept their marriage secret
18 It is the in that country for women to marry young
19 In spite of their parents’ strong opposition , they lived together as husband and wife
A as if they were engaged B as if they were married
C as if they were parents D as if they were getting married
20 Do you think our parents everything for our future?
Trang 4A exchange B sacrifice C lose D refuse
21 It statistically that the unemployment rates
A has proved – will increase B has been proved – are increasing
C had been proved – increased D is proved – are going to increase
22 The workers on strike because they their wages low
A are striking – ahve thought – have been B were striking – thought – are
C went – thought – were D will strike – thought – are
23 The project any success just because most members no determination of doing it well
A hasn’t made – showed B won’t make – are showing
C didn’t make – haven’t showed D hadn’t made – showed
24 Many people smoking because they afraid that it bad for their health.
A have stopped – are – may be B stopped – thought – might be
C are going to stop – will be – may be D will stop – will be – will be
25 I over and see you but there’s something wrong with the car
A was going to drive B will be driving C will have driven D have been driving
26 On arriving at the airport, I very worried to find that no one for me
A was – had been waiting B am – have been waiting
C was – was waiting D will be – is waiting
27 This chess game is going to last ages They it until midnight
A won’t finifh B won’t have finished C haven’t finishe D are not going to finish
28 I a cheque when I that I nothing in the bank
A am writing – remember – have B was writing – remembered – had
C wrote – remembered – had had D had written – remembered – had
29 When I the lecture and the professor on the overhead projector
A arrived – already started – wrote B arrive – will start – will be writing
C arrive – have started – wrote D arrived – had already started – was writing
30 Tom to study yet He all his lesson by 11 tonight
A hasn’t begun – won’t have learned B isn’t going to begin – won’t learn
C hadn’t begun – wouldn’t learn D won’t begin – won’t have learned
II Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
31 Since the world began , nations have had difficulty to keep peace with their neighbours
III Put the verb into the correct tense:
36 The walkers finally (arrive) at their destination They (walk) all day and they certainly (need) a rest They (walk) thirty miles
37 That man (admit) that he (hit) the other car but (say) that he (not, damage) it
38 I (do) my homework when my mother (send) me to the chemist’s with the prescription she (give) by the door
39 It (be) three o’clock Susan (be) suddenly thoroughly awake She (sit) up
in bed and (circle) her knees with her arms
Trang 540 That house (be) empty for a year But they just (take) down the “For Sale” sign, so I suppose someone (buy) it.
41 I (just, receive) a letter from my brother, Tim He (be) in Astralia now He (be) there for six months Tim (be) an engineer He (work) for a big firm for 10 years and he (already , visit) a great number of different places in Astralia
42 I (have) a letter from my sister yesterday She (live) in Nigenia In her letter , she (say) that she (come) to England next year If she (come) , she will get a surprise We now (live) in a beautiful house in the country She (not, see) us since she (move) to Nigeria
43 In Britain many people (be) out of work today Ann is 18, and she (leave) school a year agobut she (not, be) able to find a job yet She will leave for London as soon as she (find) a suitable job there She (not, see) us since she (move) to Nigeria
44 I never (get) up early on Sundays I sometimes (stay) in bed until lunch time Last Sunday, I (get) up very late I (look) out of the window, it (rain) heavily Just then the telephone (ring) It was my aunt, Lucy
45 Rob Fellow (come) from England He (come) to Paris six months ago to learn French He (start) learning French at school in London when he was eleven, so he (learn) it for nearly ten years He (just, take) an exam If he passes , he (move) into the next class He (be) excited today because his parents (come) tomorrow to stay with him for a few days
46 I (come) in very late last night and unfortuately the dog (wake) up and (start) to bark This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the stairs and (say) , “Who is there?” I (say) “It’s me,” but she (not hear)
me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and (telephone) the police
47 I think he (answer) the letter by this time
48 By the end of the week he (finish) the translation
49 By May 2003 my mother (work) in a hospital for 15 years
50 Mai (live) with her grandmother for 2 years before she (move) here
UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING
A Phonetics
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
II Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
B Vocabulary and Structures
I Choose the best answers
11 Mr Johnson enjoys socializing with young people in the neighbourhood
Trang 612 The requirement is that the applicant must have good skills.
13 We sent some flowers as a of sympathy to the parents of the child
14 In an oral examination, candicates must be able to effectively
15 If an interview is too easy, it’s a sure that you haven’t got the job
16 I asked Johnny where the other classmates were and he to the direction of the school garden
17 When the teacher wants to get someone's attention in class, is perfectly acceptable
18 our hands to get the person’s attention is considered to be impolite or even rule
19 In informal situations, a brief raise of hand and a small is fine
20 American women usually don’t when being introduced to each other
A nod slightly B greet friendly C shake hands D use sign language
21 Peter said to them: “Don’t leave the room until I come back.”
A Peter told them not to leave the room until he came back
B Peter told them not to leave the room until he comes back
C Peter told them not to leave the room until they came back
D Peter told them not to leave the room until they come back
22 “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter
A He told the porter take his luggage to Room 145
B He said the porter to take his luggage to Room 145
C He told the porter to take his luggage to Room 145
D He said to the porter to take his luggage to Room 145
23 They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before
A “Tom didn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me
B “Tom hadn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me
C “Tom hasn’t come to school yesterday.” They told to me
D “Tom doesn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me
24 The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side
A “I had pain in my right side.” said the old man to the doctor
B “He has pain in his right side.” said the old man to the doctor
C “I have pain in his right side.” said the old man to the doctor
D “I have pain in my right side.” said the old man to the doctor
25 He saud to me: “Will you see you friends before leave Paris ?”
A He asked me if Iwill see my friends before I leave Paris
B He asked me if I would see my friends before I left Paris
C He asked me if I would see my friends before I leave Paris
D He asked me if I would see his friends before I left Paris
26 “If I were you , I’d try to get a room on the top floor,” he said
A He advised me to try to get a room on the top floor
B He advised me to try getTING a room on the top floor
C He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor
D He suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor
27 Father said to me: “Don’t stay there long.”
A Father told me not stay there long B Father told to me not to stay there long
Trang 7C Father told me not to stay there long D Father told to me not to stay there long.
28 He said to me: “Ring me up the tomorrow.’
A He told me to ring him up the following day B he told me ring him up the following day
C He said me to ring him up the foiiowing day D He told me to ring me up the following day
29 “I don’t go to this shop very often.” she said
A She said she didn’t go to that shop very often B She said I didn’t go to that shop very often
C She said she wouldn’t go to that shop very often D She said I wouldn’t go to that shop very often.30,”I am going to the theatre tonight” he said to me
A He told me he was going to the theatre that night B He told me I was going to the theatre that night
C He told me he is going to the theatre that night D He told me I am going to the theatre that night
31 Mike said “I spoke to Mr Brownm this morning.”
A Mike said he spoke to Mr Brown that morning B Mike said he had spoken to Mr Brown that morning
C Mike said he has spken to Mr Brown that morning D Mike said I had spoken to Mr Brown that morning
32 He said to her: “I shall do it today if I have time.”
A He told her he would do it that day if he had time B He told her he would do it that day if he has time
C He told her I would do it that day if I had time D He told he would do it that day if he had time
33 “You might check these figures for me,” he said
A He asked me to check the figures for him B He told me to check the figures for him
C He offered me to check the figures for him D A and B are correct
34 “You’d better apologize for being late,”said my mother
A My mother advised me to apologize for being late B My mother suggested me to apologize for being late
C My mother suggested apologizing for being late D My mother warned me to apologize for being late
35 “Could you translate this for me?” I asked the official
A I asked the official to translate it for me B I asked the oficial translate it for me
C I asked the oficial translating it for me D I asked the oficial he translated it for me
II Rewrite the following sentences:
36 “I’ve fallen in love with a beautiful girl,” he said
39 “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier,” Mary said
Mary apologised for
40 “I’ve always wanted to be rich,” Bob said
Bob has always dream
41 “ You’d better not swim too far from the shore,” the lifeguard said to us
The lifeguard advised
42 “You should not drink too much beer.”
He advised
43 “Please don’t smoke in my car.”
He asked
44 “I will come to see you if I have free time,” the man said to her
The man said
45 “What would you do if you were a billianaire?” the man asked the woman
The man asked
46 “If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike,” the man said to me
The man said
47 He said , “Don’t touch anything in this room ! “
He ordered
Trang 848 “ I feel very week I don’t think I can go “ said she.
She said
49.”How old are you ? Can you read yet ? “
I asked the child
50 Father said “Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you come upstairs !, Bill”
Father asked
UNIT 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
A Phonetics
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
II Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
6 A secondary B happiness C sacrifice D romantic
7 A parallel B examine C technical D physicist
8 A history B requirement C divided D achiever
9 A awarded B commences C favourite D accessible
10 A destruction B movement C important D appearance
B Vocabulary and Structures
I Choose the best answers
11 In Astralia, a(n) school is a free local school paid for by the government
12 In our curriculum, mathematics, physics, chmistry, literature and English are considered as core subjects
13 We have to do well to get into medical school
A academically B successfully C perfectly D completely
14 In Britain, a secondary school for young people of all levels of ability is also called a school
A primary B comprehensive C independent D public
15 The period of the year during which students go to school or university is called the year
16 There are interesting parallels between the 1960s and the late 1990s
A close features B particular features C similar features D All are correct
17 General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is a British exam taken by students in England and Wales and some other countris
A in any of a range of subjects B usually around the age of 16
C in a particular subject D at the age of 18
18 It is said that students over twenty-five fall into a different category
19 In the United States, an elementary school is a school for children between the age of about 6 and 12
A grade school B private school C grammar school D graduate school
20 Many students now have paid employment during
21 You’ll hardly recognize our house It since your last visit
A was redecorated B has been decorated C has been redecorated D.has decorated
22 That book by a famous author
Trang 9A wrote B was written C is writing D has written
23 Last night a tornado swept through our village It everything in its path
A destryed B was destroyed C was being destroyed D had been destroyed
24 Someone was repainting the house when I arrived
A The house was to be repainting when I arrived B The house has been repainted when I arrived
C When I arrived the house is being repainted D When I arrived the house was being repainted
25 The teacger explained the rule to the students
A The rule was explained to the students B The students were explained to the rule
C The students were explained to the rules D A and B are correct
26 I still cannot believe it! My bicycle some minutes ago
27 I will have answered all the business letters by noon
A All the business letters will have answered by noon
B All the business letters will have been answered by noon
C All the business letters will have to be answered by noon
D All the business letters will have been answering by noon
28 The president of the board has signed the document
A The document has been signed by the president of the board
B The document has been signing by the president of the board
C The document has been being signed by the president of the board
D The document was signed by the president of the board
29 They often laugh at him
A He is often laughed at them B He is often laughing at
C He is often laughed D He is often laughed at
30 What will happen if the air ?
A was polluted B be polluted C is polluted D has polluted
II Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
31 The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning
35 When, where and by whom has the automobile invented ?
III Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice:
36 Someone can’t make a cake without sugar
41 People think that about million puppies are born each year
→About a million puppies
42.When did people build this hotel?
Trang 10UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION
Pronunciation: Stress in more than three-syllable words
I Key Vocabulary :
1 application form(n) 2 application(n) 3 higher education (n)
4 undergraduate(n) 5.veterinary science(n) 6 on the offer of
13 requirement(n) 14 full-time undergraduate course
15 socio-linguistics (n) 16 either … or … 17 as follows
18 act on behalf of 19 take a course on 20 make a decision on
21 take the entrance exam
* Fill in each gap with a word from the box:
1 An is a university or college student who is studying for their first degree
2 The wisest _ would be to say nothing
3 college is a college that provides education for people aged 16 and older, but that is not a university
4 Mr.Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his
5 Certain courses are compulsory, other are
6 There are various options to you
7 The government must take action on gun control
8 Let’s make a list of possible speakers, in order of
9 _ to the golf club is by sponsorship only
10 What is the minimum entrance _ for this course?
behaft, decisive, submitted, course, open, undergraduate, tertiary, graduates, optional, entrance, requirement, preference
Trang 1111 Completed projects must be _ by 10 March
12 At present the organization has to rely on young, inexperienced _
II Pronunciation:
* Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
4 A university B veterinary C undergraduate D geographical
III GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
* Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1 If I (continue) with my diet, I (lose) five kilos by the end of the month
2 If I have enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon
3 If I had enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon
4 I will fix your bicycle if I (have) a screwdriver of the proper size
5 If I (have) enough money, I would have gone with you
6 If the weather had been nice yesterday, we (go) to the zoo
7 Linda wasn’t at home yesterday If she (be) at home yesterday, I (visit) her
8 It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (be) here, she (know) what to do
9 Fred failed the test because he didn’t study However, if he (study) for the test, he (pass) it
10 If I (have) my camera with me yesterday, I (take) a picture of Alex standing on his head
11 I’m almost ready to plant my garden I have a lot of seeds Maybe I have more than I need If I (have) more seeds than I need, I (give) some to Nellie
12 I got wet because I didn’t take my umbrella However, I (get,not) wet if I (remember) to take my umbrella with me yesterday
13 I (change) the present economic policy if I (be) the President of the United States
14 George has only two pairs of socks If he (have) more than two pairs of socks, he (have to, not) wash his socks so often
15 That sounds like a good job offer If I (be) you, I (accept) it
16 The cowboy pulled his gun to shoot at the rattlesnake, but he was too late If he (be) quicker to pull the trigger, the snake (bite, not) him on the ankle It’s good thing he was wearing heavy leather boots
17 I don’t have a pen, but if I (do), I would lend it to you
18 He is busy right now, but if he (not, be), he would help us
19 She didn’t come, but if she (come), she would have met my brother
20 I wish I (know) you needed the dictionary, I (buy) it for you in London
* Choose the best answers
21 We wanted to go out yesterday but te weather was terrible If it a nice day, we _ for a picnic
22 Why don’t you explain everything to him? If you him the truth, I am sure you _ it one day
regret
C didn’t tell – would regret D won’t tell – will regret
23 Jennifer was here not long ago If you _ round earlier, you _ her
24 Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games I’m sure they _ happier if they _ more time playing outside
A are – would spend B will be - spend C had been – would spend D would be – spent
Trang 1225 The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it _, the Prime Minister from politics
A lost – would resign B loses –resigns C lost – will resign D loses – will resign
* Make conditional sentences for the following situations.
1 The war will spread everywhere if we don’t stop it → Unless ………
2 All our beautiful forests will be destroyed if we do nothing to preserve them → Unless………
3 If he hasn’t got a ticket, they won’t let him in →Unless ………
4 If it doesn’t rain, we will have no water to use →Unless ………
5 These flowers will die if nobody waters them →Unless …
6 Do your exercises or you will be punished →Unless … 7 The building is too high He can’t climd up →If ……
8 That house is too expensive I can’t buy it →If ……
9 He didn’t work hard last term, he lost his job → If ……
10 Mary didn’t have money with her She couldn’t buy that present →If ……
11 There was a test yesterday You didn’t know that, so you didn’t study → If I had known that …
12 Your friend was in the hospital You didn’t know that, so you didn’t visit her →If I had … 13 I’ve never met your friend You didn’t know that, so you didn’t introduce me →If I had … 14 It is raining now, so I will not go for a walk → If it ………
15 I am not living in Chile I’m not working at a bank → If I ………
16 It was raining yesterday afternoon, so I did not go for a walk → If it ………
17 I am not at home now, so I can’t answer your phone → If I ………
18 I can’t sing well, so she can’t sing that song beautifully →If she ………
19 Ann didn’t pass the entrance examination, so she wasn’t admitted to the university → If Ann ………
20 I had a problem You didn’t know that, so you didn’t offer to help → If I had known that ………
21 I can’t give you a lift because I don’t have a car →
22 We won’t have a holiday because we won’t have enough money →
23 There aren’t any eggs, so I won’t make an omelette →
24 I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you →
25 We have three children, so we won’t take a year off and travel around the world →
* What is the fact behind the following wishes?
Example: I wish the streets weren’t so dirty → The streets are very dirty
1 I wish I wasn’t out of work
2 I wish there was something good on TV tonight
3 I wish I could lose weight
4 I wish I had won the lottery
5 I wish I had gone to university
UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS Pronunciation: Weak / strong forms of some conjunctions & prepositions
I Key Vocabulary :
1 letter of application (n) 2 letter of recommendation 3 resume (n)
4 enthusiasm (n) 5 keenness (n) 6 sense of responsibility (n)
10 disappointed (a) 11.be called for (prep) 12 in addition (prep)
13 jot down (prep) 14 relate to (prep) 15 on time (prep)
16 concentrate on (prep) 17 be interested in 18 piece of advice (expre)
19 create a good impression on sb (expre) 20 as much … as … 21.make a real effort
Trang 13II Pronunciation:
* Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
III Grammar: Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs.
1 Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, where, when, that, of which, why (cách dùng của các đại từ liên hệ)
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ
thời gian
WHEN
Dùng trong thể nhấn
mạnh và thay thế cho
WHO, WHICH trong
mệnh đề không có dấu
phẩy
THAT EX: It is the English that causes me a lot of difficulties
It is your father that helped me yesterday
Được dùng để thay cho
cụm từ chỉ lý do We don’t know the reason why John gave up his part-time job WHY = FOR + WHICH
2 Kinds of relative clauses.
a Restrictive (Defining) Relative clauses:
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước chưa xác định, không có nó câu sau sẽ không đủ nghĩa
Ex: The man whom you met yesterday was my uncle
b Non - Restrictive (Non - Defining) Relative clauses:
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ ngoại trừ THAT
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa
Ex: Shakespeare, who wrote Hamlet, was a famous playwright
3 Chú ý:
a/ Khi who, whom, which, that là tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thì ta có thể lượt bỏ đi
Ex: The student (whom/who) we met this morning has won the scholarship
The motorbike (which/ that) you lent me yesterday is a good one
b/ That không được sử dụng ở mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
c/ Không sử dụng who, that, where,when,why sau giới từ
Ex: We went shopping in the shopping center in which (that) we can buy almost everything
Trang 14d/ which còn được sử dụng để chỉ định cho cả một mệnh đề đi trước, which còn được gọi là từ nối
(connector) Ex: Both of our children passed the exam with high marks, which made us very happy
* Choose the best answers Only one is correct
1 We went to different places _ you find people language was hard to understand
A where – which B where - whose C that – whose D which – whose
2 We came within sight of Everest, _ has attracted so many climbers
A the summit of which B which the summit C whose summit of D of which the summit
3 The manager called in my new colleagues, _ I had already met
A one of who B one or two of whom C both of them D all of them
4 Her mother and father – in – law, _ were always exceptionally kind, were very upset _ the marriage broke down
A who – that B that – when C.who - 0 D who – when
5.The laptop _ was damaged in the car accident happened last week while I was driving home from work
A I lent you last month – which B which I lent to you – that
C that you borrowed me – that D from which you borrowed – that
* Combine the two sentences into one
e.g That man was Anna's brother He just walked past
The man who just walked past was Anna's brother.
1 The plane was twenty-five years old It crashed
The plane twenty-five years old
2 One day Tessa was ill in bed Martin rang
The day ill in bed
3 Our offices are in Queen Street They are new
Our in Queen Street
4 Some documents have been found They were stolen from a car
The documents found
5 That map is out of date You were looking at it
The map out of date
6 The King's Theatre is in the centre of town It dates from 1896
The King's in the centre of town
7 A woman was terribly upset Her dog was run over
The woman terribly upset
8 Janet solved the puzzle She did it before everyone else
Janet was the puzzle
9 A man was standing outside the building He was selling newspapers
A man outside the building
10 The talk was very interesting Judy gave it
The talk very interesting
11 The house is empty now I used to live there
The house is empty now
* Combine these pairs of sentences, using WHERE, WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT…
1 The girl is sitting by Jack She is Mary
2 Can you understand the question? He asked you the question last time
3 Is that the girl? We saw her on T.V last night
4 The farm produces milk We visited it last Sunday
Trang 155 At last he married the girl He loved her
6 The man is an engineer We play with his daughter everyday
7 He didn’t receive the letter I sent him the letter last January
8 He often tells me something about his village He was born there
9 My sister wants to speak to you You met her at my birthday party
10 The children like the funny stories Their grandmother tells them those stories every evening
11 Jack London is a famous American writer He wrote “Iron heel”
12 The boy is sitting next to Mary He is Jack
13 I didn’t receive the letter My mother sent me the letter last month
14 The factory makes exported furniture We visited it yesterday
15 The baby likes those songs His grandmother sings those songs every evening
16 The man is a postman I love his daughter very much
17 Is that the man? You talked about him several times
18 He often tells me about his hometown He spent his childhood there
19 Have you met the girl? The girl’s birthday party was held in Omni hotel
20 My sister wants to speak to you You met her in the Youth Club the day before yesterday
21 Mrs Jackson is a businessman She lives on the second floor
22 Michael Faraday was an English scientist He is famous in the history of electricity
* Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
* Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
III Grammar: Adverb clauses of Concession (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
1 Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bởi: Though, Although, Even though
Although/ Though/ Even though + CLAUSE , CLAUSE
Ex: Although he works very hard, he can’t earn enough money for the family
Though he is poor, he is honest
2 Cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ: Ngoài Although/ Though/ Even though , mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ còn có những cấu trúc khác:
a/ Từ hỏi + ever + S + (may) + V + O, clause
Eg: Whoever he may be, we don’t believe him (Dù anh ấy là ai, chúng tôi cũng không tin anh ấy)
Whatever he says, she can’t love him
b/ No matter + từ hỏi + S + (may) + V + O
Eg: No matter what/ how he says, no one believes him (Dù anh ấy nói gì, không ai tin anh)
c/ Adjective / Adverb + though / as + S + (may) + V, clause
Eg: Famous as he is, he leads a simple life (Dù nổi tiếng, ông ấy có cuộc sống giản dị)
Hard as he studied for the exam, he couldn’t pass it
(Dù học cần mẫn cho kì thi, anh ấy không đậu được)
d/ However + adj / adv + S + (may) + V + O, clause
Ex: However rich this man is, he never gives a penny to the poor
(Dù giàu, người đàn ông này không cho người nghèo một xu)
Trang 16e/ Verb + Adv + as + S + may, clause.
Ex: Work hard as he may, he can’t support his family
(Dù làm việc cần cù, anh ấy không nuôi sống nổi gia đình)
f/ It doesn’t matter + từ hỏi + … + S + V, clause
Ex: It doesn’t matter what he says, he is always your brother
(Dù anh ấy nói gì, anh ấy vẫn là anh của anh)
3 Sự rút gọn của mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượngbộ:
Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ nhượng bộ bởi một trong các giới từ:
despite
in spite of + gerund / cụm danh từ
regardless of Ex1: Although he is rich, he doesn’t live a happy life
Despite being rich, he doesn’t live a happy life
In spite of his richness, he doesn’t live a happy life
Ex2: Although he is poor, he always helps the needed.
Despite being poor, he…
In spite of his poverty, he …
Ex3: Although he is an intelligent student, he never appears to be that.
Despite being an intelligent student, he…
In spite of his intelligence/ being an intelligent student, he …
Ex4: Although the test was very difficult, he was able to do it well
Despite the very difficult test, he…
In spite of the difficilty of the test, he …
Ex5: Though he studied hard, he couldn’t get good marks in the exams
Despite studying hard, he…
In spite of his hard study , he …
Ex6: Although he has practised driving a lot, he can’t pass the driving test
Despite having practised a lot, he …
Ex7: Though his parents advised him, he didn’t change his wasteful lifestyle
Despite his parents’ advice, he didn’t change …
EXERCISES
* Choose the best answers Only one is correct
11 The government shifted economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic programmes
12 Ireland was one of the fasted-growing _ in Western Europe in the 1990s
13 Our Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform policy in December 1986
14 To reform the economy the government reduced state in business
15 Since Doi Moi Vietnam has undergone substantial changes in every field
A considerable B continuous C extraordinary D wonderful
16 Our economy is in an spiral of wage and price increases
17 The government introduced some renovation measures to implement “Doi Moi”
Trang 1718 Nowadays, wage rates in most companies depend on levels of
19 There have been some remarkable reforms _ education recently
20 It’s true that the stagnant economy has existed for a long time
* Choose the best answers Only one is correct
21 She walked home by herseft, she knew that it was dangerous
22 Dogs are good travelling companions They will go you take them
23 “ Did you miss the bus yesterday? ” - “ Yes, _ I ran very fast, _ I couldn’t catch up with it.”
A Although – but B 0 – however C Even though – 0 D 0 – though
24 Although John is very good at Maths, he couldn’t solve the problem
A In spite of a good student B Despite John’s good knowledge
C No matter how John is good at Maths D However good at Maths John is
25 Hard _ he works, he cannot earn money to support his family
* Choose the underlined part among A,B,C,D that needs correcting.
26 UNDP has been in Viet Nam since 1977, but there was a very limited donor presence in the country
* Join two sentences into one, use “though, even though, although, despite, in spite of ”
31 He is very rich He isn’t happy
35 Athough Tom was very tired, he agreed to take part in the game
Tom agreed to take part in the game in spite of ………
Tom Tom was very tired but ………
36 Whatever difficulties in her life, my mother tries her best to support the family
Athough my mother has ………
Trang 1837 Though the doctor has warned him, Jack keeps on smoking and drinking
Despite ………
38 Although I admire Henry’s talents, I don’t like to make friends with him
Much as I ……….………
39 Linda told me the secret despite having promised not to do so
Even though Linda ………
40 Although that man denied having been in the neighbourhood at that time, we all knew that he was guilty
Despite that man’s denial of ………
41 Mr Brown has tried to repair the machine no matter how long it takes
It doesn’t matter ………
42 Driving at that speed is very dangerous, whether you are an experienced driver or not
However experienced ………
* Make sentences from the given words or phrases
43 Although / he/like music/not play/ musical instruments
44 Even though/ he / strong/ not break down/ door
45 I / still like/ her/ though / be rude
46 Although/ wealthy/ he/ live/ that old house
47 Plane/ took off/ time/ although / foggy
48 He/ not pass/ driving test/ though/ tried/ keep calm
49 Although / they / protest/ government / won’t / anything
50 Although / she / very depressed / smiled / bravely
* Complete each sentence with a correct preposition:
1 These days everybody is aware _ the danger of smoking
2 It is terrible that some people are dying hunger while others eat too much
3 They fell _ love each other almost immediately and were married in a few weeks
4 It was only _ accident when I found out who the man really was
5 That man is very honest He isn’t capable _ telling a lie
6 Next month I’m going to Scotland a short holiday
7 Don’t worry _ arranging our holiday I’ll take care _ it
8 I don’t care money It is not important me
Pronunciation: Contracted forms of auxiliaries
Grammar: Prepositions and Articles
I Key Vocabulary:
1 terrorist (n) 2 micro-technology (n) 3 telecommunications (n)
4 centenarian(n) 5 contribute to (v) 6 pessimistic (a)
7 optimistic (a) 8 labour - saving (a) 9 unexpected (a)
II Pronunciation:
* Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
Trang 194 A tells B talks C stays D steals
* Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others:
III Grammar:
ARTICLES (MẠO TỪ or QUÁN TỪ)
I THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE “A” & “AN” :
1 Hình thức: Mạo từ không xác định có hai hình thức “a” và “an”
2 Cách dùng:
Mạo từ không xác định a, an có thể được dùng khi nói về một người hay một vật mà người nghe/ người đọc không xác định được người hay vật đang được đề cập đến
+ Mạo từ “a” được dùng trước danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các phụ âm
Eg: a book, a car , a chair , a hat
+ Mạo từ “an” được dùng trước danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm: a, e, i, o, u hoặc h câm
Eg: an arm-chair, an umbrella, an egg
* Lưu ý: an hour, an honest man, a uniform, a university, a union, a European man, a universal problem,
an honor, an heir
+ Dùng A, An trong cấu trúc: There + be + a , an + danh từ số ít + …
+ Dùng A, AN để diễn đạt ý “mỗi” hay “mỗi một” trước danh từ được bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm hay nguyên âm
Ex: Three days a week, 26 miles a gallon
600 kilometers an hour, 5 million VND an acre
+ Dùng A, AN + Adj + danh từ số ít để miêu tả người hoặc vật
Ex: Last Sunday was a lovely day Da Lat is a wonderful city My sister is a beautiful girl
+ Sử dụng A, AN để phân loại, để chỉ ra đó là loại gì Trường hợp này bao gồm cả nghề nghiệp, quốc tịch và tôn giáo của một người
Ex: The Sears Tower is a building in Chicago
My father is an engineer
Mr.William, a Catholic, was injured in an accident
3 Những trường hợp không dùng mạo từ không xác định:
+ Không bao giờ dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ không đếm được
+ Không bao giờ dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ trừu tượng
* THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” : Mạo từ xác định THE
1 Hình thức: “The” là hình thức duy nhất đi trước danh từ không phân biệt số ít hay số nhiều, giống đực hay giống cái
2 Những trường hợp dùng “The”
Quán từ xác định THE được dùng khi muốn người nghe xác định rỏ chúng ta đang nói về người hay vật đã được xác định
+ Ta dùng “the” trước các danh từ xác định Một danh từ được xác định khi:
a Danh từ ấy được xác định bởi một cụm giới từ
Eg: The love of his country , The gate of the house, The place of my love, the corner of this room, the day after tomorrow…
b Danh từ ấy đã được nói đến trước
Eg: I have a parrot The parrot is talkative
Trang 20c Danh từ ấy chỉ một vật độc nhất: The sun , The moon, The Earth, The North Pole
d Danh từ chỉ các loại nhạc cụ: Piano, guitar, the violin (trừ : drum: cái trống)
e Dùng THE + Adj = Ns để chỉ một nhóm người nào đó
Ex: The rich, the poor, the injured, the homeless, the old, the young, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the dead, the disabled, …
f Dùng THE + từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ những người của đất nước đó
Ex: The Irish, The English, The French,the Danish, the Swiss, the Spanish, the Finnish, the Turkish, the Dutch, the Welsh, the Polish , the Japanese, the Taiwanese, the Vietnamese, the Russians, the Americans, the Cambodians…
g Đôi khi có hay không có THE trong cùng một câu dẫn đến hay ý nghĩa khác nhau
Ex: I go to school (I go there to study)
I go to the school (I go there as a visitor, not to study)
Những từ tương tự: College, hospital, prison, jail, church…
h Dùng THE khi danh từ được xác định bởi một mệnh đề tính từ hay cụm tính từ
Ex: The man whom you met at the party last night is my teacher
The car destroyed in the accident was expensive
i Dùng THE trong các cụm từ : vào buổi sáng, vào buổi chiều, vào buổi tối
Ex: I always do my homework in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening
j Dùng THE trong so sánh bậc nhất
Ex: Everest is the highest mountain in the world Nam is the best student in my class
k Dùng THE trong phép so sánh kép hoặc khi tính từ đem so sánh được dùng như một danh từ
Ex: The harder they work, the more sucessful they are Which is the better of the two students?
l Dùng THE với số thứ tự và những từ chỉ thứ hạng khác như NEXT , LAST
EX: The third song in this album was a great song
The last day of his staying here is a memorable day
* Lưu ý rằng ta không dùng quán từ với các từ như Last, Next khi đề cập đến thời gian xác định như:
tháng trước, năm tới… Ex: I will study in the United States next year Last week, a student in my class gave
me a poem
m Dùng THE khi nói chung về một loài thú, một phát minh hoặc một bộ dụng cụ âm nhạc
Ex: The elephant is the biggest land animal The computer has changed the whole world
n Dùng THE với tên sông, núi, biển , đại dương và sa mạc
Ex: The Pacific Ocean, the Sahara desert, the Nil River, the Death sea, the Rocky mountain …
o Dùng THE với các tên số nhiều hoặc với họ người để chỉ một gia đình
Ex: The Beatles was the greatest band ever since The Hawaiian Islands belong to the United States The Browns are moving their house next week The Rockefellers are a famous and wealthy
family
3 Những trường hợp không dùng “the”:
+ Danh từ cụ thể số nhiều nói chung chung
Eg: Books are necessary for students
Shoes are made of leather
+ Danh từ trừu tượng
Eg: Education is important for all
+ Danh từ chỉ các môn chơi thể thao
Eg: Football is my favourite sport
Do you want to play basket ball
+ Danh từ chỉ bửa ăn, đồ uống:
Eg: What time do you have dinner?
She never drinks wine
Trang 21+ Danh từ chỉ các ngày trong tuần:
Eg: I go to the club on Sunday
Flowers bloom in Spring
+ Tên của hồ, núi, đảo hay hẻm vực riêng lẻ
EX: Lake Xuan Huong, Red Mountain…
+ Tên của các hành tinh : Venus, Mars, Earth, Neptune, Mercury, …
+ Tên các lục địa: Europe, Asia, American, Australia, Africa
+ Tên các con đường, đường cái, đại lộ, quảng trường …
Ex: Fifth Avenue, Red Square, Michael Bouleva, Broadway
+ Tên của các quốc gia chỉ có một từ: England, China, Viet Nam, France…
+ Các môn học: Physics, mathematics, chemists, …
+ Những ngày lễ: Easter, Thanksgiving Day, Valentine Day, Mother Day …
+ Các con số và chử cái khi liệt kê trong danh sách
EX: The correct answer is “A” Question number 5 is difficult
+ Tên các loại bệnh: Cancer, toothache, flu…
+ Một số thành ngữ đi với động từ “GO” : go to bed, go to school, go to hospital …
Bảng dùng the và không dùng the trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt.
• Trước các đại dương, sông ngòi, biển,
vịnh và các hồ ở số nhiều
Ví dụ:
The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the
Persian Gulf, the Great Lackes
• Trước tên các dãy núi
Ví dụ:
The Rockey Moutains
• Trước tên 1 vật thể duy nhất trên thế
giới hoặc vũ trụ
The University of Florida
The college of Arts and Sciences
• Trước các số thứ tự + noun
Ví dụ:
The first world war
The third chapter
• Trước các cuộc chiến tranh khu vực với
điều kiện tên các khu vực đó phải được
tính từ hoá
Ví dụ:
The Korean war
• Trước tên các nước có từ 2 từ trở lên
Ngoại trừ Great Britain.
• Trước tên 1 hồ (hay các hồ ở số ít)
Ví dụ:
Lake Geneva, Lake Erie
• Trước tên 1 ngọn núi
Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion
• Trước tên các trường này khi trước nó là
1 tên riêng
Ví dụ:
Cooper’s Art school, Stetson University
• Trước các danh từ mà sau nó là 1 số đếm
• Trước tên các nước có 1 từ như : Sweden,
Trang 22Ví dụ:
The United States, the United Kingdom,
the Central Africal Republic
• Trước tên các nước được coi là 1 quần
đảo
Ví dụ: The Philipin
• Trước các tài liệu hoặc sự kiện mang
The Indians, the Aztecs
• Nên dùng trước tên các nhạc cụ
Ví dụ:
To play the piano
• Trước tên các môn học cụ thể
Ví dụ:
The applied Math
The theoretical Physics
Venezuela và các nước được đứng trước bởi new hoặc tính từ chỉ phương hướng.
Ví dụ: New Zealand, South Africa
• Trước tên các lục địa, tiểu bang, tỉnh, thành phố, quận, huyện
Ví dụ: Europe, California
• Trước tên bất cứ môn thể thao nào
Ví dụ:
Base ball, basket ball
• Trước tên các danh từ mang tính trừu tượng trừ những trường hợp đặc biệt
Ví dụ: Freedom, happiness
• Trước tên các môn học chung
I Định nghĩa: Giới từ là từ được dùng để chỉ mối quan hệ giữa danh từ, cụm danh từ, hoặc từ tương đương
danh từ được gọi là tân ngữ của giới từ
* Giới từ có thể được chia ra làm hai nhóm sau đây: + Giới từ đơn : on, in , at, into, of, by, for …
+ Giới từ phức hợp: according to, in spite of …
II Các loại giới từ:
1 Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: IN , ON , AT, ABOVE, BELOW, BEHIND, BETWEEN, IN FRONT OF, NEAR, NEXT TO, UNDER, OVER
a AT:
+ Dùng trước một địa điểm: Ex: He waits for her at the cinema for nearly an hour.
+ Dùng với thành phố, thị trấn và làng khi chúng được xem là những điễm đến trong một cuộc hành trình.
Ex: On the way home, we stopped at San Francisco
They stayed at Toronto for two days when touring in Canada
+ Đối với địa chỉ, chúng ta dùng AT khi có nói đến số nhà, và chúng ta dùng IN khi chỉ nói tên đường
Ex: My office is AT 32 West Street My office is IN West Street
+ Dùng trước thời gian: Ex: I always get up AT 5 o’clock
+ Dùng trước các cụm từ, thành ngữ: at present, at the moment, at the same time, to be at work, stay at home…+ Theo sau một số tính từ , động từ như: look at, amused at, amazed at, surprised at, to be good / bad at…
b IN:
+ Dùng trước danh từ chỉ nơi chốn: in the classroom, in the house, in Japan, in the bag…
+ Dùng trước các buổi trong ngày, các mùa trong năm, thế kỷ : in the morning, in the afternoon, in the
evening In spring, in summer, in autumn, in winter In the 21st century
+ Dùng trước tháng, năm không có ngày: in June, in september In 2008, in 1999
Trang 23+ Dùng trước các cụm từ, thành ngữ, tính từ , động từ như: to be in time, in the future = in future, interested in, persit in …
+ Dùng để nói đến một khoảng thời gian trong tương lai: I shall finish it IN ten minutes
The man says that the train is leaving IN twenty minutes + Dùng để nói một việc gì chiếm bao nhiêu thời gian We can drive from uor hotel to the beach IN 30
Ex1 : There are some flowers on the floor This poster will be stuck on the wall
Ex2: Is Hue on the Huong River? Is Brighton on the south coast of England?
+ Được dùng với các tầng trong một toà nhà: My office is ON the second floor She lives in a flat ON the fifteenth floor
+ Dùng trước các cụm từ, thành ngữ, động từ : to be on time, on the other hand, on the contrary, to hold on, depend on, to be keen on, to be on: đang trình chiếu (nói về phim ảnh )
d above: ở phía trên (cao hơn) , below: ở phía dưới (thấp hơn)
Above and Below được dùng khi vật này không ngay phía trên hay phía dưới vật kia theo chiều thẳng đứng
e Over and Under: diễn tả mối quan hệ theo chiều thẳng đứng A is over B B is under A
f behind: sau, đằng sau In front of : ở phía trước
g between: ở giửa hai người hai vật , among: giửa nhiều người nhiều vật
h near: gần
i next to: bên cạnh, sát ngay
2 Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động:
a across: từ bên này sang bên kia, băng qua
b along: dọc theo chiều dài của vật gì
c around: vòng quanh
d down: xuống , up: lên
e into: vào trong
f off: xuống hoặc ra khỏi mặt phẳng đang tựa
g out of: ra ngoài, ra khỏi
h past: (đi, chạy… ) ngang qua một người, vật …
i through: xuyên qua một vật gì
3 Giới từ chỉ phương tiện vận chuyển: BY, IN , ON
a BY; Được dùng để nói cách mà chúng ta đi lại
Ex: by car , by bus, by coach, by bicycle, by air/ plane, by ship / sea, by road … nhưng ON FOOT: đi bộ
Khi có a, an, the, my, his, … trước car, train , bus ta không thể dùng BY Trong trường hợp này ta dùng IN với CAR , ON với bicycle, motorbike và các phương tiện vận tải công cộng như xe buýt , tàu lửa
Ex: He sometimes visits his parents IN his car
Last Saturday they went for a ride ON a motorbike
Are you going to travel ON the 7.00 train?
4 DURING, FOR ,IN
a Cả IN và DURING có thể được dùng để chỉ một khoảng thời gian
We were on my uncle’s farm during / in the summer It rained during / in the afternoon Chúng ta thường dùng DURING để chỉ một việc xảy ra xuyên suốt thời gian nào đó
b FOR: dùng để nói một việc nào đó kéo dài trong bao lâu Ex: We were on my uncle’s farm FOR two
weeks
III Những lưu ý đặc biệt về giới từ:
Trang 241 IN và WITH:
a IN: có thể được dùng để nói quần áo, mũ, giày dép mà một người nào đó đang mặc, đội, mang
Ex: This morning he went to work IN a black suit Who is that woman IN the white dress?
b WITH: Có thể được dùng để nói vật, đồ vật mà một người nào đó hoặc một vật gì đó có.
Ex: She is a good-looking girl WITH blond hair This is a beautiful city WITH a population of two million
2 IN THE END & AT THE END:
a IN THE END: Có nghĩa là cuối cùng hoặc sau cùng
Ex: In the end she came back to London with the first prize in the beauty contest
She had refused many times but in the end she accepted to go to the opera house with her colleagues
b AT THE END: Có nghĩa là vào thời điểm, vào lúc cuối một việc gì đó kết thúc
EX: They are going to Korea at the end of this month
At the end of the meeting all of us felt disappointed
3 IN TIME & ON TIME: In time : kịp lúc ; On time: đúng giờ quy định.
4 LIKE & AS:
a LIKE : dùng để nói về sự giống nhau, khi so sánh.
Ex: His youngest brother is quite like him
She run like the wind in the race
Ngoài ra LIKE có thể được dùng khi nêu ví dụ:
He can play some sports, like football, tennis and volleyball
b AS : dùng để nói về nghề nghiệp của một người nào đó hoặc chức năng của một vật gì
Ex: She once worked AS a secretary for a big company
This stone can be used As a hammer
AS có thể được dùng như một liên từ trước một mệnh đề (có chủ ngữ và động từ)
Ex: Why didn’t you type the letter as I told you?
I bought the car as I had told you
IV ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION: (Tính từ + Giới từ)
1 Angry, annoyed, nervous, worried about something: tức giận, khó chịu, sợ hãi, lo lắng về việc gì
2 Good at/ bad at something: Giỏi , không giỏi về việc gì
3 Amazed, astonished, shocked, surprised at / by something: lấy làm lạ, ngạc nhiên, sửng sốt, kinh ngạc về / bởi việc gì.
4 Famous/ well-known, responsible for something: nổi tiếng, chịu trách nhiệm về việc gì
5 Interested in something: quan tâm đến, thích thú trong việc gì
6 Afraid, ashamed, aware, capable, fond, jealous, proud, suspicious, tired of something: sợ hãy, xấu hổ về, có ý thức về, có năng lực để làm, rất thích, đố kị với, tự hào, nghi ngờ, nhàm chán về / với việc gì
7 Nice, kind, polite, rude, stupid of somebody: người nào đó ân cần, tử tế, lịch sự, thô lỗ, ngớ ngẩn Ex: + It is very nice of you to say so + It was kind of Alice to lend you a grammar book + It is polite of him
to let the old woman sit in his seat + It was so rude of her to leave without saying anything to the manager +
It was stupid of you to sign the form without reading it
8 Nice, kind, polite, rude to somebody: cần, tử tế, lịch sự, thô lổ với người nào đó
Ex: He was nice to us when we visited him last summer
9 Keen on something: say mê việc gì
10 Engaged, married to somebody: đính hôn, kết hôn với người nào
11 Similar to something: tương tự, giống như cái gì
12 Pleased, bored, disappointed, happy with something/ somebody: Hài lòng, chán nản, thất vọng, hạnh phúc về việc gì / người nào
V DANH TỪ + GIỚI TỪ:
1 difference between A and B : sự khác nhau giửa A và B
Ex: There is only one difference between my watch and yours