COMPARATIVE : 1- Tớnh từ ngắn : Short adjectives Ex1: Today is hotter than yesterday.. Ex3: Today is much hotter than yesterday.. • Một số adj / adv bất qui tắc: - good/ well bett
Trang 1COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS.
(so sỏnh tớnh từ và trạng từ)
I COMPARATIVE :
1- Tớnh từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives )
Ex1: Today is hotter than yesterday.
Ex2: He runs faster than I do.
- So sánh hơn có thể đợc nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much hoặc ’
far
‘ ’
Ex3: Today is much hotter than yesterday
S + V + ( much / far ) + Adj / Adv + er + than
- Hầu hết là tớnh từ cú một õm tiết hoặc tớnh từ dài cú hai õm tiết tận
cựng là : “ y, er, ow, ple, tle ”.Cấu trỳc sử dụng là:
Ex : - Happy > happier - Simple > simpler
- Gentle > gentler - Easy > Easier
- Clever > cleverer
Note: : + Đối với tớnh từ ngắn cú một phụ õm tận cựng (trừ w,x,z) và
trước đú là một nguyờn õm, ta phải gấp đụi phụ õm cuối rồi thờm “ er ”
Ex: - big - bigger; - red - redder , - hot - hotter
- fat - fatter , - sad - sadder, - thin-thinner
2- Tớnh từ dài : ( long adjectives )
Ex1 : The test A is more difficult than the test B Ex2 : He speaks English more fluently than I do
1 S + tobe ( is /am / are ) + more + Adj(dài) + than
2 S + V(thường) + more + Adv + than
Note: - So sánh kém hơn:
Ex1: My TV is less beautiful than yours.
Ex2: He drives less carefully than I think.
II SUPERLATIVE :
1- Tớnh từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives ).
Ex1: This is the cleanest room in the house
Trang 2S + V + the + Adj / Adv + est + N
2- Tính từ dài ( long adjectives ).
Ex2: First class is the most expensive way to travel
S + V + the + most + Adj / Adv + N
Note: - So s¸nh kÐm nhất:
Ex3: Those shoes are the least expensive of all.
• Một số adj / adv bất qui tắc:
- good/ well better the best
- far farther the farthest(vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch)
further the furthest( vÒ thêi gian)
the next( vÒ thø tù)
the last( vÒ thø tù)
elder the eldest( vÒ cÊp bËc h¬n lµ tuæi t¸c)
III- SO SÁNH BẰNG : (SIMILARITY)
Ex1: He is as tall as his father Ex2: His car runs as fast as a race car.
Ex3: John sings as well as his sister
1 S + tobe ( is /am / are ) + as + Adj + as .
2 S + V(thường) + as + Adv + as
Note: - Nếu là câu phủ định, as thứ nhất có thể thay bằng so.
Ex1: He is not so tall as his father
- Khi so sánh bằng danh từ, sử dụng cấu trúc sau:
Ex2: My house is as high as his.
Trang 3=> My house is the same height as his
S + V + the + same + N + as + N
IV DOUBLE COMPARISON:
1- So sỏnh kộp trong bản thõn một sự vật , hiện tượng : …… càng ngày càng ……
a- Tớnh từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives )
Ex1: The weather is getting hotter and hotter
S + V + adi + er + and + adj + er b- Tớnh từ dài ( long adjectives ) :
Ex2: She becomes more and more beautiful.
S + V + more and more + adj / adv
2- So sỏnh kộp liờn quan đến hai hay nhiều sự vật , hiện tượng : càng
…càng …
* Với tính từ ngắn: The adj + er , the adj + er…
Ex1: The darker it gets, the colder it is.
* Với tính từ dài: The more adj , the more adj
Ex2: The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
* Với động từ: the more , the more
Ex3: The more you learn, the more you forget.
Note: Nhiều khi hai vế không cùng một loại tính từ dài hay ngắn nhng
có thể sử dụng lẫn lộn với nhau.( hoặc vế trớc tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngợc lại )
Ex4: The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.
3 Càng ít , thì càng ít Càng kém , thì càng kém
* Với tính từ: The less + adj , the less + adj .
Ex5: The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the
students.
* Với động từ : the less , the less
Ex6: The less I live with him, the less I like him.
EXERCISE:
Trang 4I Choose the best answer;
1 Sarah is at chemistry than Susan
A good B well C better
D best
2 I don’t work so hard my father
D more
3 Sam is the student in my class
D tallest
4 No one in my class is beautiful her
D the/more
5 He works we do
D so hard as
6 I know him than you do
D the best
7 Ann is 18 years old Sue is 20 years old Ann is Sue
A older than B younger than C older
D younger
8 Tom drives than Jim does
A carefully B more careful C careful D more carefully
9 The little boy spoke English his brother
A more fast B fast than C the fastest
D faster than
10 China is the country with the population
D largest
11.The economic conditions today are _ they were in the past
A much more good B much better than C much better D the best than
12.The deep oceans contain some of the of all living creatures
A strangest B strange C as strange as
D stranger
13.Mr Lam cannot earn _ his wife
A as many money as B as much money as C as many money than D as much money than
14.My car is _ yours
A more fast and economical than B more fast and more
economical than
C faster and economical as D faster and more economical than
15 It’s becoming to find a job
Trang 5A more difficult and more B more and more difficult
C most and more difficult D more difficult than 16.His house is _ mine
A larger and more comfortable than B the most large and comfortable than
C more large and comfortable than D the largest and more comfortable than
17.The younger you are, _ it is to learn
A easier B you are easier C the easier
D the easy
18. we finish the project, _ we can start the next one
A The soonest / the sooner B The soonest / the most soon
C The sooner / the sooner D The soonest / the soonest
19.Mary is in our class
A prettier B more pretty C most pretty
D the prettiest
20. we jog, _ we are
A the most / the healthiest B the most / the
healthier
C the more / the most healthy D the more / the
healthier
21.The winter is coming, it is getting _
A more cold B the most cold C colder and colder D the more cold
1 It gets let’s go swimming.
A hot and hot B the more hot C more and more hot D hotter and hotter
2 The problem seems to be _.
A most serious B more serious than C more serious as D more and more serious
3 Prices get .
A high and high B highest and highest C more and more high D higher and higher
4 The more waste paper we recycle, _
A the more trees we preserve B the less trees we preserve
C the most trees we preserve D the least trees we preserve
II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction
1 Peter plays the piano better I can
A B C D
Trang 62 Mary looks more prettier than she used to be.
A B C D
3 Your computer works fast than mine
A B C D
4 This machine is not so modern than that one
A B C D
5 “Tomorrow Never Die” is one of the more exciting films
A B C D
6 The more they advertise, the least expensive things are
A B C D
7 The more he earns, the most happy he is
A B C D
8 Mary looks more prettier than she used to be
A B C D
9 His father’s health gets worst and worst
A B C D
10 The most we work, the more money we earn
A B C D
11 The more fast you drive, the more dangerous you get
A B C D
12 The more that she tried to remove the strain from her shirt, the worst it looks
A B C D