Chương 1 ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ KIM LOẠI.

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  8@88 _@8kIB BIBB  @G  - IG -   + +    ⇒     → → ∑ y%(.QMG  } @   G       _x4I x4Ix4Ix4r @ 0 @G 0  + ⇒ → ∑ nhËn               !" l>2(9R1F0 I   I I @ @ I I I @ Ik’0  I! " k@ko0  -ko0  -! " kk@0  → → y%(.QG  @ I  G       8@88 _@8kIB BIBB  @G  - IG -   + +    ⇒     → → ∑ y%(.QMG  }   r @   G    _I? I??  IG   + + ⇒ → ∑ nhËn 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4orkIq4rx4I@x4xqr r4~q  _@ _ _        0 0 ⇒ = = = ph¶n øng kim lo¹i ph¶n øng muèi muèi Zu,#&,}zD"#$%&'#!R&(3 - J K '&"3 - Z8%d, @ o @ o 0 0 i  @ 0 0 i  @ k k _ _       ph¶n øng kim lo¹i ph¶n øng muèi 5A•0m8(8#(#@x8l>2o (.9%9[0 @ i o •1/8:74(%:> ’4pqD(D0 @ !:("d 9%9[+8%2Cf(%:>$8n(.a8.O8?(2C f:J(e1Fo (.[$# Io4@8 ur’4o8 oo4’8 Sro4@8 C Z8, @ o @ o 0 0 i  @ 0 0 i  @ _ k k ’4pq x4o @@4o @xkp’x4o@x4o r’4o  _ _ _        0 0⇒ = = muèi ph¶n øng kim lo¹i ph¶n øng muèi Zu,#&,}zD"#$%&'#!R&(3%3 - J K '&"3 - Z8%d,  @ o @ o 0 i  0 0  0 0  @ 0  0  0 0 i  0 @ k@ k k k _  _@ _ _             + + + + nÕu th × ban ®Çu ph¶n øng ban ®Çu ph¶n øng kim lo¹i muèi  5A€0m8(8;(4q8l>2B5( 4-4|4TGBOrxx9%9[l>28?( 04r1#0 @ i o x4or!•"(%:>9%9[•1#I4ooD(D0 @ !:(".O8?( 2Cf:J(e1F ZL)>%)( (#+8%2Cf# I’4pIr8 urp4’Ir8 I’4Ipr8 Sox4pIr8 Z#V%d(d,8* p C  @ o 0 i  0 0  k@ _x4r4rk@x4rx4or _x4~rk@x4@@r_4@ _   + ban ®Çu 0 0  @ I4oo _ @@4o @ _@x4q_4@ _@   + ph¶n øng 0  0  _   + + ⇒ ban ®Çu ph¶n øng @ o @ o 0 0 i  0 @ 0 0 i 0 @ k k k ! k k "  _4qkIq4rx4r4rkp’ x4rx4or _ @x4q rp4’Ir           0 ⇒ ⇒ = − − = kim lo¹i muèi kim lo¹i muèi tu,#&,}zD"#$%&'#!R&(32  6=‘ 0 I :W%5d(9R1F-4TG iE9R222BC(#G  = ∑ ∑ nhËn (kim lo¹i) cho (chÊt khÝ) e e )>%)  I    I I − −      kim lo¹i muèi NO (trong muèi) khÝ NO (trong muèi) + a m = m n n = n ;%+8%2Cfd,D((.8(Q9%9[( (#,%) 0 o  I  5A•0#(8#(#@8l>2•JTG4%BO9%9[0 I 94;((=(DV (%:>q4~@D(!:("l>23J 1# @ ,)>@4@8)>%)(.8(+ .8# oI8 uIo8 I4o8 So4I8 C  @ @  3    3 q4~@ 8_x4 8kB_ _x4I @@4o 8ƒ B B_x4@ B_@4@8  _  _  _  _  _  _Ix8koq           ⇒ ⇒ I  @kx4Iq@kx4@q@_oI8 − = ⇒ kim lo¹i muèi NO (trong muèi) + m = m n 5A‚0#(8#(#@8l>2•JTG4%BO9%9[0 I 94;((=(DV (%:>q4~@D(!:("l>23J 1# @ ,)>@4@8)>TG4%(.• 6>(# q4o8ƒr4q8 ur4q8ƒq4o8 o4q8ƒ~4o8  S4@8ƒx4’8 C  @ @  3    3 q4~@ 8_x4 8kB_ _x4I @@4o 8ƒ B B_x4@ B_@4@8  _  _  _  _  _  _Ix8koq           ⇒ ⇒ * TG _?ƒ % _& 3 • @"  &_@8  _I?k@&_Ix4kx4@_x4r"  _rq?kqo ⇒ = ∑ ∑ nhËn (kim lo¹i) cho (chÊt khÝ) e e Z/1#@  TG % TG % ?_x4  _rqx4_r4q8ƒ _qox4_q4o8 & B_x4  _  _ _   ⇒    ⇒ Z#V%d(d,8* x [...]... Mc 1 va phn ng 1: m rắn = m1 = mCu (1) + mFe = 64.0 ,1 + 56.0,2 = 17 ,6 gam - Mc 2 va phn ng 1 v 2: m rắn = m2 = mCu (1) + mCu(2) = 64.0 ,1 + 64.0,2 = 19 ,2 gam Theo ờ bi thỡ m1 < m = 18 ,4 gam < m2 nờn Mg a phn ng ht, Cu2+ ht v d Fe Mg 0 ,1 mol Mg 2+ 0 ,1 mol Fe x mol Cu 2+ + + Cu + Cu 1 0 ,1 mol 2+ Fe x mol 2+ + Cu 2 x mol mB = mCu (1) + mCu(2) + mFe d = 18 ,4 gam mB = 64.0 ,1 + 64.x + 56(0,2 - x) = 18 ,4... 3.0, 01 + 0,04 = 0,07 mol (2.) M 12 mmuối = 14 8a + 213 b + 18 8c (3.) Chỳng ta phi tỡm c 2 h s (x,y) lm sao x. (1. ) + y(2.) = (3.) iờu ny xy ra khi v ch khi: 24x + 2y = 14 8 x = 1 27x + 3y = 213 y = 62 Vậy m = 14 8a + 213 b + 18 8c muối = ( 24a + 27b + 64c ) + 62 ( 2a + 3b + 2c ) = 1, 35 + 62.0,07 = 5,69 gam Cỏch 3: mmuối = mkim loại + nNO3 (trong muối) = 1, 35 + 3.0, 01. 62 + 1. 0,04.62 = 5,69 gam Cõu 3:... KOH 0 ,1 mol => 40.0,2 + 56.0 ,1 + (D + 17 .2)0,05 = 22 ,15 => D = 13 7, kim loi Ba ỏp ỏn B Cõu 2: B Vi kim loi kiờm ta cú: nkim loại = n Hay OH = 2n H = n 2 H+ nkim loại = 0 ,1. 0,5 + 2.0 ,1. 0,5 = 0 ,15 mol MX = 4,25 = 28,333; A < M X = 28,333 < B 0 ,15 A,B thuc 2 chu k k tip nờn 2 kim loi l Na (a mol) v K (b mol) Ta cú: = a = 0 ,1 mol m = 2,3 gam m = 23a + 39b = 4,25 n X Na Na n X = a +b = 0 ,15 mol... 0,06 10 0 = 40% 0 ,15 c B Cht rn C cú: 0,06 mol Cu v 0,09 mol CuO d => mC = 64.0,06 + 80.0,09 = 11 ,04 gam ỏp ỏn B Vớ d 2: Kh hon ton 1 oxit kim loi ch 70% kim loi bng hidro Khi ho tan 11 ,2 g kim loi iờu ch c trong axit HNO3 cú nng trung bỡnh thỡ to ra mui nitrat kim loi (III) v 13 ,44 lit khớ (ktc) mu nõu bay ra T a Tớnh khi lng oxit kim loi kim loi ban u A 16 gam B 8 gam C 24 gam D 20 gam Tờn kim loi... Fe2+ = 1. 0 ,1 = 0 ,1 mol ; n Cu2+ = 1. 0 ,1 = 0 ,1 mol v khi lng cht rn Chỳng ta cú th dựng mc so sỏnh hoc xột cỏc trng hp xy ra nh sau: Dung mc so sỏnh: - Mc 1 va phn ng 1: m = m1 = mCu = 64.0 ,1 = 6,4 gam rắn - Mc 2 va phn ng 1 v 2: m = m 2 = mCu + m Fe = rắn 64.0 ,1 + 56.0 ,1 = 12 gam 1 2+ 2 2+ Ta thy theo ờ bi thỡ m < m = 9,2 gam < m nờn xy ra trng hp Cu a phn ng ht, Fe d Mg + 0 ,1 mol Mg 0 ,1 mol + 0,05... ờ bi ta cú: a = 2,5b Cu b 1. ) Mt khỏc khi lng dung dch gim 0 ,11 gam tc khi lng ca kim loi to ra ln hn khi lng kim mCuSO4 - (m ZnSO4 + mFeSO4 ) - = 0 ,11 loi phn ng 0 ,11 gam (hoc chỳng ta cú th núi rng gam): 64(a + b) (65a + 56b) = 0 ,11 gam hay 8b a = 0 ,11 2.) T 1. ) v 2.) > a = 0,05 mol ; b = 0,02 mol mCu(Zn) = 64.0,05 = 3,2 gam khi lng Cu bỏm vo Fe l : mCu(Fe) = 64.0,02 = 1, 28 gam Vy khi lng Cu bỏm... 22,4 m B = 28a + 17 b = 0 ,13 .9,35.2 = 2,4 31 gam nB = a + b = Ti liu ụn thi mụn húa hc 1 2 32 T 1 v 2 => a 0,02 mol; b 0 ,11 mol S mol ban u: 2NH3 V T phn ng trờn ta cú: ỏp ỏn A b D Ta thy ngay H= N2 + 3Cu + 3H 2O 12 = 0 ,15 mol 80 22, 4 S mol p/ : 0,04 mol S mol sau p/ : 0 ,11 mol a A 3CuO + 0,06 mol 0,09 mol 0,02 mol 0,02 mol 0,06 mol 0,06 mol V = 0,04 + 0 ,11 V = 3,36 l 22,4 V : 2 > 0 ,15 : 3 nờn NH3 d... b = 0 ,1 mol ỏp ỏn B Vớ d 3: Mt hn hp X gm K, Zn v Fe cú khi lng l 49,3 gam, s mol K gp 2,5 ln s mol Zn Hũa tan hn h X trong nc d cũn li mt cht rn A Cho A vo 15 0 mol dung dch CuSO 4 4M thỡ thu c 19 ,2 gam kt ta Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X l: A mK = 13 gam; m Zn = 19 ,5 gam; m Fe = 16 ,8 gam mK = 19 ,5 gam; m Zn = 16 ,8 gam; m Fe = 13 gam C m K = 19 ,5 gam; m Zn = 13 gam; m Fe = 16 ,8 gam D mK = 16 ,8 gam;... nh khi lng mi cht cú trong hn hp u: A m Fe = 1, 44 gam; m FeO = 1, 68 gam; m Fe2O3 = 1, 6 gam B m Fe = 1, 6 gam; m FeO = 1, 68 gam; m Fe2O3 = 1, 44 gam C m Fe = 1, 68 gam; m FeO = 1, 44 gam; m Fe2O3 = 1, 6 gam D m Fe = 1, 4 gam; m FeO = 1, 44 gam; m Fe2O3 = 1, 88 gam Gii Gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 trong hn hp u Ta cú: 56a + 72b + 16 0c = 4,72 gam 1 Ap dung nh lut bo ton nguyờn t Fe: s mol Fe... phn ng: 0 ,1 mol 0 ,1 mol 0,1mol 0 ,1 mol Sau phn ng: 0 0,05 mol 0 ,1 mol 0 ,1 mol Sau phn ng trờn vn cũn d 0,05 mol Cu 2+ nờn tip tuc xy ra phn ng: Fe Cu 2+ + Fe 2+ + Cu 3 S mol ban u: 0 ,1 mol 0,05 mol S mol phn ng: 0,05 mol 0,05 mol 0,05mol 0,05 mol Sau phn ng: 0,05 mol 0 0,05 mol 0,05 mol a B T 1 , 2 v 3 ta thy cht rn C cú: 0 ,1 mol Ag; (0 ,1 + 0,05) mol Cu; 0,05 mol Fe d mC = 0 ,1. 108 + 0 ,15 .64 + 0,05.56 . # 4@’8 1# I4@8 uq4o8 1# 4q8  4ro8 1# @4q8 S’4q8 1# @4o8 m+-0#(8I4@’8l>2%)% @ 1# %! I " @ 1# F:>9%9[•,6%?8 = 1# •5((8 1# %n&:S%:;6%?8789%9[B;n(n&(8.8 N. @ → tS%V782Cf -432C:f(.F(.9•&:V,8 %) 2k  2C(8 t;%B;(+)B8:6%78-4 3 4 2k  (8P6=‘:;(f(^2Cf (.' t;%B;(+)B8:6%78 - 4 3 dB;(+)B8:6%78 2k  (8,(K9H2 22)++;%B;()>78n(.a+8%2Cf!" P 1/ 8:72Cf 3  !" _ k _    r¾n m P- 1/ 8:72Cf 1# @ @ !" !@" _ k _    r¾n m i+1F   1#  @  1M&,I(.e>2,(K?C&.8 kZ.e>2;%z   P,2Cf49 - ;( 2k  w%9[+8%2Cf, k - n( .a+8%2CfP,  4382Cf 1# -9 kZ.e>2@;%   zz @  -;(4394 2k  ;(w%9[+8%2Cf, k - 4 k 3  n(.a+8%2Cf,  1# 39 kZ.e>2I;%` @  -;(43;(49 2k  w%9[+8%2Cf, k - 4 k 3 4 2k  9 n(.a+8%2Cf,- 1# 3 t0W=(8,(K?c((/(.e>2?8&.8(.(.e>2(.'+8%:,9^8 1# 9$V78 B#(:K*(.e>2:= Z#V%d(d,8*. 3@→ tS%V782Cf -2C:f(.F34(.9•&:V,8 %) k 3 4 k  2C(8 t;%B;(+)B8:6%78-4 k 3 4 k  (8P6=‘:;(f(^2Cf(.' t;%B;(+)B8:6%78 k 3 4 k  dB;(+)B8:6%78-(8,(K9H2 22)++;%B;()>78n(.a+8%2Cf!" P 1/ 8:72Cf"   _ _   r¾n m P- 1/ 8:72Cf@" 3  @ _ k _    r¾n m i+1F   1#  @   1M&,I(.e>2,(K?C&.8 kZ.e>2;%z   9 k  P,2Cfw%9[+8%2Cf, 2k - 4 k 3 8 2Cf 1#  k  9n(.a+8%2CfP,   kZ.e>2@;%   zz @  ?2Cf42Cf@?C&.85(269 k 3 w%9[ +8%2Cf, 2k - 4 k 3 9n(.a+8%2Cf,  1# 3 kZ.e>2I;%