RELATIVE CLAUSES Dai từ lien he Relative Pronouns la từ đứng liền sau mot danh từ de thay the cho danh từ lam chủ từ, lam bo tuc tu hoac sở hữu cách cho menh de sau.. Lưu ý: ♦ "that"
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BÀI TẬP ÔN LUYỆN UNIT 15 – GRADE 10
A GRAMMAR
I NON - DEFINING VS DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
1 RELATIVE CLAUSES
Dai từ lien he (Relative Pronouns) la từ đứng liền sau mot danh từ de thay the cho
danh từ lam chủ từ, lam bo tuc tu hoac sở hữu cách cho menh de sau Danh tu dung
truoc dai tu lien he goi la tiền từ (antecedent)
Đại từ lien he co những hình thức nhu sau:
Danh từ đứng trước Chủ Từ Từ bổ túc Sở hữu cách
Which: dùng cho vat hoac con vat lam chu ngữ hoac bo tuc từ
- The dog won the race The dog is mine
- The dog which won the race is mine
- I lent you the book The book is interesting
- The book which I lent you is interesting
Who: dùng cho người làm chủ ngữ hoặc bổ túc từ (object)
Whom: dung cho nguoi lam bo tuc từ Ngay nay nguoi ta co xu huong dung "who"
thay cho "whom"
- I like the man The man is wearing a blue shirt
- I like the man who is wearing a blue shirt
- Nam is the only man She loves Nam
- Nam is the only man who(m) she loves
That: dung cho ca nguoi va vat, lam chu từ cũng như bổ túc từ (object)
- I like the man that is wearing a blue shirt
- Nam is the only man that she loves
- The dog that won the race is mine
- The book that I lent you is interesting
Lưu ý:
♦ "that" khong duoc dung voi menh de quan he khong gioi han (non restrictive
relative clause) Non-restrictive relative clauses la loai menh de quan he duoc tach
khoi cau bang hai dau phay co the lượt bỏ di duoc
- Nam, who is wearing a blue shirt, is my friend
- "Gone with the Wind", which is a famous film in the world, is a good one
♦ Bat buoc phai dùng "that" khi no thay the cho danh từ ngay sau tinh từ so sanh ở
bậc nhất (the best, the most interesting, the hottest ), everybody, anybody, nobody,
somebody, everything, anything, nothing, something
- He's the best teacher that I have ever known
- I like anyone that lives in the countryside
Whose: dung de thay the cho tinh tu chi so huu voi nguoi
Of which: dung de thay the cho tinh tu chi so huu ve vat
Tuy nhien, ngay nay nguoi ta co xu huong thay "of which" bằng "whose"
- I know the man Lan's house is big
- I know the man whose house is big
- The house is not far from here The roof of the house is green
- The house whose roof is green is not far from here
♦ Ta co the lượt bo dai tu quan he trong menh de quan he khi dai tu quan he do thay the cho bo tuc tu
- This is the book (which) I bought yesterday
- He often phones the girl (whom) he loves
Where: dung de thay the cho tir, cum tir chi noi chori
- I love Hue I was born in Hue
- I love Hue, where I was born
- This is the house I was born in this house
- This is the house where I was born
When: dung de thay the cho từ, cum từ chi ve thoi gian
- I can't forget the year 2000 I was in England to celebrate milleniurn in 2009
- I can't forget the year 2009, when 1 was in England to celebrate millenium
2 RELATIVE PRONOUNS: DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING
a Defining relative clause (menh de xac dinh) Menh de xac dinh la mot menh de can phai co de xac dinh nghia cho từ dung truoc
no
Vi du: The woman who sang here last night has gone away
Menh de "who sang here last night" la mot menh de xac dinh nghia cho "the woman"
va khong the thieu duoc trong cau, vì nếu bỏ nó di thi ta se khong biet duoc nguoi phu
nu ay la ai Menh de "who sang here last night" duoc goi la menh de xac dinh
(defining clause)
b Non-defining relative clause (menh de khong xác dinh)
Menh de khong xác dinh dung sau mot tu da duoc xac dinh No chi bo tuc them
nghia cho tu dung truoc no va neu bo di thi nghia cua cau vẫn rõ ràng Menh de nay thường dược tach giữa hai dấu phẩy
Vi dụ:
- My father, who is a tailor, is interested in fashion
- John, who is a loud man, is an exciting friend
Trong ca hai cau tren, neu ta bo hai menh de "who is a tailor" và "who is a man" thi
se khong anh huong gi den nghia cua cac cau vi "my father" và "John đã rõ nghĩa rồi
c Mot so diem luu y khi dung menh de khong xác dinh
* Menh de khong xác dinh dung giua hai dau phay
* Khong thể dung "that" thay the cho "which", "who" va "whom" trong menh khong
xác dinh
* Khong lươt bo dai tu quan he trong menh de khong xác dinh
Menh de khong xác dinh duoc dung chu yeu trong van viet Trong van dam thoai
nguoi ta thuong dung hai câu dẫn riêng lẻ hoặc nối voi nhau bằng liên từ and, but, because
Ví dụ:
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Trong văn viết: I met Tarn, who gave me this bag
Trong văn nói: I met Tarn and she gave me this bag
II ALTHOUGH AS A CONTRASTING CONNECTOR
Menh de chi su nhuong bo bat dau bang though, although, even if, despite, in spite
of, however + adj/adv, whatever + noun
1 Although, though, even if, even though, despite, in spite of
a Although, though, even if, even though
although though even though even if + clause
- Although/ Though it rained heavily, they went out with their friends
- Even if you don't like me, I will be here with you
b Despite and in spite of
despite / in spite of + noun phrase
Vi du:
- Despite his poverty, he succeeded in his life
- Despite the bad weather, they continued climbing the mountains
- In spite of her illness, she tried her best to complete the assignement
- In spite of heavy load of work, he managed to go out with friends
2 HOWEVER / NO MATTER HOW: cho dù thế nao đi nữa
However la mot trang tư nen co the bo nghĩa cho ca tinh từ va trang tư Khi no bo
nghĩa cho mot từ nao do, từ đó phải đặt liền ngay sau nó
* However + adjective/ adv
- However cold the water is, I will swim
- However quickly he ran, he couldn't catch the bus
3 WHATEVER (NO MATTER WHAT): dù gì đi nữa
Whatever vừa la dai tu vừa là tính từ
a Khi lam dai từ whatever co the lam chu tu hoac bo tuc tu cho mot dong tu
- Whatever happens, I will love you forever
- Whatever my friends say, I won't listen
b Khi lam tinh từ, whatever phai co danh tu di theo sau
- Whatever films he sees, he will never pay attention to details
- Whatever books he reads, he will never learn anything
EXERCISES
I Fill each gap with a suitable word from the list
friendship finances points global beloved
surrounded point important other material
1 She made several interesting in the article
2 We need to take a more approach to the problem
3 They were glad to be back in their Ireland
4 The company produces its own training
5 As a child I was by love and kindness
6 The is you shouldn't have to wait so long to see a doctor
7 It's about time you sorted out your
8 It's the story of an extraordinary between a boy and a seal
9 Your friendship is very to me
10 Comparison with oil-producing countries is extremely interesting
II Complete the text with relative pronouns
The two old ladies (1) lived next door were called Janet and Martha They were sisters, and had lived there all their lives Martha was the quiet one, (2) stayed at home and did the housework She always wore a white apron, (3) never looked dirty Janet, (4) was more sociable, was a secretary until she reached sixty and retired "I've had enough of that office," she told Martha But that wasn't the real reason (5) she stopped working She had always dreamed of going on a long, expensive holiday, to beautiful cities, (6) she could spend days in art galleries and museums, and to white sandy beaches, (7) she could sunbathe and swim And now she had the time and the money to do (8) she wanted But she knew that Martha, (9) was so different from her, and (10) only interest was the house, would not like the idea
III Join each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun Use commas if necessary
1 He gave me the information I wrote it down at once
2 Andrea went to see the dentist He took out two of her teeth
3 Fritz lives in the house round the corner It has a red front door
4 Show me the shoes You bought them yesterday
5 Have you seen the film? It's on at the Odeon
6 My boyfriend refused to go to the concert with me He hates country music
7 We climbed to the top of the mountain We had a picnic there
8 Edward has just moved to France His mother died last year
9 We didn't want to swim in the sea It looked very dirty
10 Lydia is reading that fascinating book on Spanish history You lent it to her last week
IV Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition
1 They are looking my wedding album
2 Can you help me, please? I'm looking shopping centre
3 Could you look my cat while I'm on holiday?
4 You can't rely Peter and his friends They are not very reliable
5 You don't need to shout me, I can hear you
6 I spoke / talked Jane today
7 He suffers heart attack
8 You look worried What are you thinking ?
9."What do you think Sue?" ~ "She's very nice."
10 How long have you been waiting the doctor?
V Complete the sentences, putting one word in each space
Linda Evans was (1) well-known writer of children's stories, (2) lived in a charming old cottage in Devon Normally she worked at (3) , in her quiet, peaceful study Long (4) her books became popular, she
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(5) managed to teach (6) , how to use a computer, and now typed all
her stories on the Apple Mac But sometimes she had to leave her cottage to get
(7) information from the library or have a meeting with (8) friends
She hated being away, because she was very worried about burglars So she always
locked the house up extremely (9) Just before leaving, she always put
(10) full cup of coffee on the kitchen table, and left the radio playing, to make
a burglar think (11) was someone else at home
One day she came (12) after a day out, and (13) at once that someone
(14) been there There was only a (15) coffee left in the cup, and the
radio was off But when she looked at her computer, she saw it was switched on, and
someone had typed in a new story
She had no idea (16) had got in, or how, because none of the doors or
windows were damaged But she sat down to read the story, and it was a very good
one "I'll use it in my next book!" she (1 7) happily
The next month she had to go to London for the day She (18) a pot of
coffee and a plate of sandwich on the table When she returned, the coffee and
sandwiches (19) disappeared She ran to the computer This time there was only
a message on the screen "IT'S NOT YOUR STORY, IT'S (20) ," it said
VI There is at least one grammar mistake in each of the sentences Find the
mistakes and correct them
1 I live in Hanoi since I was eight years old
2 Mom is washing the dishes every evening after dinner
3 All the people in the office was working hardly that day
4 We could go to cinema if the good film is on
5 I think everybody like the new restaurant
6 Kha forgotten his umbrella, so he got wet
7 You hair looks great! Have you cut it yesterday?
8 The old man was wearing a very dirty trouser
9 The police was very gratefully for the informations
10 Phong studied hard, but had failed the exam
VII Choose from A-I the best phrase or clause to fill each gap There is one more
than you need
In 1995 the British woman Alison Hargreaves became the first female climber to
conquer Mount Everest, (1) , without oxygen or the help of Sherpas, the native
Nepalese (2) Only another person had achieved this before, Reinhold
Messner, (3)
Ms Hargreaves had spent over a year (4) by training on the Scottish mountain
Ben Nevis, (5) She was confident she would reach the summit, (6) because
of bad weather Mr Ballard said (7) and very proud of her, (8)
Tragically, Alison Hargreaves fell to her death a few months later, in an avalanche
on K2, the world's second highest peak
A despite being forced to give up the previous year's attempt
B where her husband Jim Ballard worked part-time
C who normally carry climbers'equipment and supplies
D although they had never really doubted she would damage it
E preparing for the trip
F who reached the top in 1980
G the highest mountain in the world
H but he had hoped the weather would improve
I that he and their children were delighted
VIII Complete the passage, using ONE word for each sentence
The Lake District, in (1) north-west of England, is one of the (2) popular areas in Britain for tourists to visit (3) only about 40,000 people live there all year round, (4) are about 14 million visitors every year The area (5) declared a national park some time ago, and is managed (6) Cumbria County Council and the National Park Authority
These bodies are now seriously worried (7) the effect of the large influx of tourists on the area Footpaths (8) repairing, (9) they are used by increasing numbers of walkers Some narrow country lanes are (10) suitable for the summer rush of cars, caravans and coaches There are local complaints (11) the authorities are (12) interested (13) the needs of tourists than of residents
For several months officials have discussed (14) and other problems, and they now feel it is (15) to make some changes In their plans, (16) published, they suggest that some minor roads (17) be closed to traffic They also want (18) public transport, with (19) fares than at present It
is hoped that this scheme (20) be accepted to all, and will improve life for everybody in the Lake District
IX Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one
Do not change the word given
There to make me change my mind
It's the has ever been made
The guests had been especially prepared
That's the seen
5 The company has produced a lot of sports cars, and has sold them all BY All the sports cars been sold
We will deliver ordered
I my homework
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Sheila for the weekend
If join a health club
Only watching the match
X Rewrite sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one Do not
change the word given
If things had
Please say
He
The Titanic
I
He's just
I wish he would
Where are these
He seemed to have
10.The education system bears no comparison with that in many Eastern European
The education system is
XI LANGUAGE FOCUS
1 The receptionist the way to the boardroom
2 This discovery has opened up a whole new of research
3 She off a ladder and broke her arm
4 The building was in of repair
5 The club provides a wide variety of including tennis, swimming and squash
6 The company has just its £27 million purchase of Park Hotel
7 The rain continued all afternoon
8 The male and female birds turns in sitting on the eggs
9 Owing to the fog, there were no from the airport yesterday
10 the lamb with new potatoes and green beans
11 spending less time on housework than their mothers did, women today still work hard
12 Nowadays, there are many kinds of entertainment people can't be bored
13 Women used to hang the carpets outside and beat them with carpet beaters .clean them
14 he behaved so badly, he was punished
15 does John go to church on Sundays
16 the rain, we went out
17 modern appliances mean that household chores can be done more quickly than before, it still takes a lot of time to do housework
18 He walked slowly………his injured legs
19 Your explanation……… reasonable
20 “Come … with us next Sunday,” said John
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