Ionic Liquids Theory, Properties, New Approaches

IONIC LIQUIDS: THEORY, PROPERTIES, NEW APPROACHES Edited by Alexander Kokorin Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches Edited by Alexander Kokorin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Nikolic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Ragne Kabanova, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches, Edited by Alexander Kokorin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-349-1 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface IX Material Characterizations (Physico-Chemical Properties) 1 Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids - Measurements and Predictions - 3 Zhi-Cheng Tan, Urs Welz-Biermann, Pei-Fang Yan, Qing-Shan Liu and Da-Wei Fang Thermal Properties of Ionic Liquids and Ionanofluids 37 A.P.C. Ribeiro, S. I. C. Vieira, J. M. França, C. S. Queirós, E. Langa, M. J. V. Lourenço, S. M. S. Murshed and C. A. Nieto de Castro Physico-Chemical Properties of Task-Specific Ionic Liquids 61 Luís C. Branco, Gonçalo V.S.M. Carrera, João Aires-de-Sousa, Ignacio Lopez Martin, Raquel Frade and Carlos A.M. Afonso Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids Containing N-alkylamine-Silver(I) Complex Cations or Protic N-alkylaminium Cations 95 Masayasu Iida and Hua Er Physical Properties of Binary Mixtures of ILs with Water and Ethanol. A Review. 111 Oscar Cabeza, Sandra García-Garabal, Luisa Segade, Montserrat Domínguez-Pérez, Esther Rilo and Luis M. Varela Photochromism in Ionic Liquids. Theory and Applications 137 Fernando Pina and Luís C. Branco Dynamic Heterogeneity in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids 167 Daun Jeong, Daekeon Kim, M. Y. Choi, Hyung J. Kim and YounJoon Jung Contents Contents VI Peculiarities of Intramolecular Motions in Ionic Liquids 183 Alexander I. Kokorin Atom Substitution Effects in Ionic Liquids: A Microscopic View by Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy 201 Hideaki Shirota and Hiroki Fukazawa Interactions between Organic Compounds and Ionic Liquids. Selectivity and Capacity Characteristics of Ionic Liquids 225 Fabrice Mutelet and Jean-Noël Jaubert Nonaqueous Microemulsions Containing Ionic Liquids – Properties and Applications 245 Oliver Zech, Agnes Harrar, and Werner Kunz H/D Effects of Water in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids 271 Hiroshi Abe and Yukihiro Yoshimura Physical Simulations (Theory and Modelling) 301 Using Molecular Modelling Tools to Understand the Thermodynamic Behaviour of Ionic Liquids 303 Lourdes F. Vega, Oriol Vilaseca, Edoardo Valente, Jordi S. Andreu, Fèlix Llovell, and Rosa M. Marcos Self-Consistent Mean-Field Theory for Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids 329 Yansen Lauw and Frans Leermakers Pseudolattice Theory of Ionic Liquids 347 L. M. Varela, J. Carrete, M. García, J. R. Rodríguez, L.J. Gallego, M. Turmine and O. Cabeza Ionic Liquids as Designer Solvents for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 367 Vipul Bansal and Suresh K. Bhargava Evaluation of Mobility, Diffusion Coefficient and Density of Charge Carriers in Ionic Liquids and Novel Electrolytes Based on a New Model for Dielectric Response 383 T.M.W.J. Bandara and B E. Mellander Nanomaterials 407 Aggregates in Ionic Liquids and Applications Thereof 409 J. D. Marty and N. Lauth de Viguerie Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Part 2 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Part 3 Chapter 18 Contents VII Supramolecular Structures in the Presence of Ionic Liquids 427 Xinghai Shen, Qingde Chen, Jingjing Zhang and Pei Fu Formation of Complexes in RTIL and Ion Separations 483 Konstantin Popov, Andrei Vendilo, Igor Pletnev, Marja Lajunen, Hannu Rönkkömäki and Lauri H.J. Lajunen The Design of Nanoscale Inorganic Materials with Controlled Size and Morphology by Ionic Liquids 511 Elaheh Kowsari Synthesis of Novel Nanoparticle - Nanocarbon Conjugates Using Plasma in Ionic Liquid 533 Toshiro Kaneko and Rikizo Hatakeyama Nanoparticle Preparation in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid under Vacuum Condition 549 Tetsuya Tsuda, Akihito Imanishi, Tsukasa Torimoto and Susumu Kuwabata Academic Technologies (New Technological Approaches) 565 Perspectives of Ionic Liquids Applications for Clean Oilfield Technologies 567 Rafael Martínez-Palou and Patricia Flores Sánchez Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 631 Chuan-Pei Lee, Po-Yen Chen and Kuo-Chuan Ho Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 657 Anja Stojanovic, Cornelia Morgenbesser, Daniel Kogelnig, Regina Krachler and Bernhard K. Keppler Ionic Liquids within Microfluidic Devices 681 Marina Cvjetko and Polona Žnidaršič-Plazl Ionic Liquids: Methods of Degradation and Recovery 701 E.M. Siedlecka, M. Czerwicka, J.Neumann, P. Stepnowski, J.F Fernández and J. Thöming Progress in Paramagnetic Ionic Liquids 723 Yukihiro Yoshida and Gunzi Saito Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Part 4 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Pref ac e During the last 30 years, the Ionic Liquids (ILs) became one of the most interesting and rapidly developing areas of modern physical chemistry, technologies and engineering, including constructing new devices for various applications. Further development of this fi eld depends on R&D in ILs chemistry and revealing new perspective practical approaches. Because of the ILs importance and advantages, this book reviews in detail and compiles information on some important physico-chemical properties of ILs and new practical possibilities in 29 chapters gathered in 4 parts. This is the fi rst book of a series of forthcoming publications on this fi eld by this publisher. This volume covers some aspects of synthesis, isolation, production, properties and applications, modifi - cation, the analysis methods and modeling to reveal the structures and properties of some room temperature ILs, as well as their new possible applications. This book will be of help to many scientists: chemists, physicists, biologists, technologists and other experts in a variety of disciplines, both academic and industrial, as well as to students and PhD students. It may be also suitable for teaching, and help promote the progress in ILs development. Prof. Dr. Alexander Kokorin N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow Russian Federation [...]... in the ionic liquids [EMIM][FAP], [EMIM][TCB], [BMIM][BOB] and [HMIM][BOB] obtained at several temperatures were listed in table 1-4 8 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches The activity coefficients of the linear alkanes, 1-alkenes, 1-alkynes, alkylbenzenes, and alkanols increase with increasing chain length This is also a typical behaviour for other signify very measured ionic liquids. .. various solutes in the ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate at temperatures 313 to 364 Ka 10 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches using GLC method This result shows the influence of the cation’s alkyl chain length on the γi∞ and Sij∞ values For the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbons from aromatic hydrocarbons, the ionic liquids tested in our... (DSC, TG-DTG) 3 Estimation and prediction of physicochemical properties of ILs based on experimental density and surface tension data 4 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches 1.1 Activity coefficient measurements using GC technique For the use of Ionic Liquids as solvents it is very important to know about their interaction with different solutes Activity coefficients at infinite dilution... capacities and thermodynamic functions of EPBr and PPBr Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids - Measurements and Predictions - Fig 1 A Schematic diagram of main body of the adiabatic calorimeter Fig 1 B Schematic diagram of sample cell of the adiabatic calorimeter 25 26 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches 3000 1200 1400 1200 1st repeat result 2nd repeat result result 1000 1000 0... imidazolium based ionic liquid with [FAP], 25 [TCB], 26 and bis(oxalato)borate [BOB],27 Anions were studied in our work Structures of investigated ILs are presented below: H3C N + CH3 N 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [EMIM][FAP] NC N CN B N NC CN 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate [EMIM][TCB] 6 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches O N O C... Measured experimental temperatures are given in parentheses Table 3 Experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution γi∞ for various solutes in the ionic liquid [BMIM][BOB] at different temperaturesa 12 Solute(i) Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches 308 K 318 K 328 K 338 K 348 K Pentane 8.31(308.0) 6.89(318.2) 5.46(328.2) 4.52(338.4) 3.88(348.4) Hexane 19.10(308.3) 15.72(318.1) 12.35(328.2)... Chromatography J Chem Eng Data 2005, 50, 1515–1519 [8] Letcher, T M.; Soko, B.; Reddy, P Determination of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Solutes in the Ionic Liquid 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium 14 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches Tetrafluoroborate Using Gas-Liquid Chromatography at the Temperatures 298.15 K and 323.15 K J Chem Eng Data 2003, 48, 1587-1590 [9] Letcher, T M.; Soko,... 1960, 56, 761-771 16 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches [33] Cruickshank, A J B.; Windsor, M L.; Young, C L Prediction of Second Virial Coefficients of Mixtures from the Principle of Corresponding States Trans Faraday Soc 1966, 62, 2341-2347 [34] Grant, D W Gas-Liquid Chromatography; van Nostrand Reinhold Company: London, 1971 [35] Design Institute for Physical Properties, Sponsored... published results for three imidazolium-based ionic liquid homologues, [Cnmim][EtSO4], [Cnmim][OcSO4] and [Cnmim][NTf2] (n=1-6) Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids - Measurements and Predictions - 5 2 Activity coefficient measurements using GC technique 2.1 Introduction Ionic Liquids (ILs) are often called designer solvents or task specific ionic liquids (TSILs) because of their possible tailoring... acetonitrile and 1-bromoethane or 1-bromopropane were removed under reduced pressure using rotary evaporator at 70 °C, and the bromide salts were finally dried in high vacuum at 70 °C 18 Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches 1 3.2.3 H-NMR of EPBr and PPBr ILs 1H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker-400Hz spectrometer and chemical shifts The were reported in ppm using DMSO as an internal standard . IONIC LIQUIDS: THEORY, PROPERTIES, NEW APPROACHES Edited by Alexander Kokorin Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches Edited by Alexander Kokorin Published. density and surface tension data. Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches 4 1.1 Activity coefficient measurements using GC technique For the use of Ionic Liquids as solvents it is very. alcohols) in the ionic liquids [EMIM][FAP], [EMIM][TCB], [BMIM][BOB] and [HMIM][BOB] obtained at several temperatures were listed in table 1-4. Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches 8