tribological properties of ionic liquids

... POSSIBILITY OF IONIC LIQUIDS Hiroyuki Ohno 1.1 IONIC LIQUIDS Ionic liquids are salts with a very low melting temperature Ionic liquids have been of great interest recently because of their unusual properties ... of knowledge of physical properties of ionic liquids in an attempt to place them within this larger picture We make an effort to emphasize the special status of the protic subclass of ionic liquids ... 1/20/2011 10:26:43 AM 16 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF IONIC LIQUIDS Superionic glasses Good ionic liquids Superionic liquids log(Λ / Scm2mol-1) -1 Poor ionic liquids MOENM2E-BF4 -2 High vapor pressures...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... lubrication additive could improve tribological properties of the base oil A rolling friction mechanism could explain the excellent tribological properties of nanoparticles as lubrication additive ... then a series of suspended oil samples were obtained The tribological properties of the base oil containing WSe2 nanorods and the base oil were investigated using a ball-on-disk mode of UMT multispecimen ... of WSe2 Nanorods on Tribological Properties Figure shows the friction coefficient as a function of time with N load and 150 rpm rotating speed The average friction coefficient of wt.% WSe2 nanorods...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... future of R&D for biomass processing utilizing ionic liquids relies on the development of novel, environmentally-friendly ionic liquids that allow high concentrations of dissolved 24 Applications of ... and the list of possible anionic components continues to grow at a rapid rate This volume, which is the second in a two volume set on ionic liquids, focuses on applications of ionic liquids in ... ethenolysis of methyl oleate using ionic liquids They screened two imidazolium based ionic liquids of different counter anions and found that Hoveyda catalyst (Figure 27) and [bdmim][NTf2] ionic liquid...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... by Vigh et al [74] for weak EOF Fig 1-4 Comparison of flow profiles of chromatography and CE 1.2.3.1.1 Control of EOF It is desirable to manipulate the magnitude of EOF in order to optimize the ... representation of synthesis of ionic liquids ………………………47 Fig 2-2 Mass spectra of HMIMCl (positive ESI) ………………………………….61 Fig 2-3 Mass spectra of HMIMCl (negative ESI) ……………………………………62 Fig 2-4 Comparison of ... SYNTHESIS OF IONIC LIQUIDS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS QIN WEIDONG (M Eng., CISRI) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... engineers often require the properties of gases and liquids The chemical or process engineer, in particular, finds knowledge of physical properties of fluids essential to the design of many kinds of products, ... measured properties The physical properties of every substance depend directly on the nature of the molecules of the substance Therefore, the ultimate generalization of physical properties of fluids ... density The correlation of a and b in terms of other properties of a substance is an example of the use of an empirically modified theoretical form Empirical extension of theory can often lead to a correlation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:01

... THE PROPERTIES OF GASES AND LIQUIDS Bruce E Poling Professor of Chemical Engineering University of Toledo John M Prausnitz Professor of Chemical Engineering University of California ... Equations of State / 4.8 Virial Equation of State / 4.11 Analytical Equations of State / 4.17 Nonanalytic Equations of State / 4.25 Discussion of Equations of State / 4.31 PVT Properties of Liquids General ... Estimation of the Thermal Conductivities of Pure Liquids / 10.44 Effect of Temperature on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids / 10.51 Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:10

... modified by CTABr greatly improves the tribological properties of basic lubricant ([Bmim][PF6]) And the effects of concentration on tribological properties of nanofluids are not obvious In comparison ... the tribological and thermal conductivity (TC) properties of the novel Au/[Bmim][PF6] nanofluids, and two major strategies are pursued in our studies: (1) the effects of the stability of nanofluids ... the stability of the Au NPs used as additives is of key importance in improving the tribological properties of pure [Bmim][PF6] Thermal conductivity The volumetric fraction of Au NPs of sample in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... of the art in the area of 1,2,3-triazolium salts as ionic liquids and ionic liquid tags for organocatalysts Fig General structure of common ionic liquids Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids ... Class of Ionic Scheme Synthesis of di-(1,2,3-triazolium) salts 13, 14 Scheme Synthesis of mixed imidazolium triazolium ionic liquids 18, 19 Properties of 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids Most of the ... kind of counter-ion and the nature of substituents on the triazolium ring One can tune the stability of 1,2,3- Ionic Liquids – Classes and Properties triazolium ionic liquids by the choice of substituents...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... Production of Protic Eutectic Ionic Liquids 16 reserved for ionic melts with melting points below room temperature ILs form liquids that consist only of cations and anions ILs ... next page) Production of Protic Eutectic Ionic Liquids 20 O Cl- NH 1-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride (MOPC) Figure 2: (continued) 2.3 Preparation of Protic Eutectic Ionic Liquids (PEILs) The ... Room-temperature ionic liquids: Solvents for synthesis and catalysis Chem Rev., 99, 2071–2084 Wasserscheid, P & Welton, T (2003) Ionic liquids in synthesis Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Welton T (2004) Ionic liquids...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... prediction of physicochemical properties of imidazoliumbased ionic liquids 4.1 Introduction The physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) at 298.15 K could be estimated and predicted in terms of ... Introduction Ionic Liquids (ILs) are often called designer solvents or task specific ionic liquids (TSILs) because of their possible tailoring to fulfil technological demands of various applications IL properties ... functions of EPBr and PPBr Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids - Measurements and Predictions - Fig A Schematic diagram of main body of the adiabatic calorimeter Fig B Schematic diagram of sample...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2015, 17:27

... imidazolium-based ionic liquids followed by the removal of ionic liquids which behaved as the porogen Fuel cell membranes consisting of ionic liquids [40] or directly synthesized by ionic liquids [41] ... 1.1 Characteristics and advantages of ionic liquids 2  1.2 Applications of ionic liquids in recent polymer science 5  1.3 Application of ionic liquids in membrane science 7  ... 1, the good capability of ionic liquids in dissolving macromolecules and the miscibility of ionic liquids with water inspire us to employ ionic liquids as a new generation of solvents to replace...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:29

... operations Chapter 7- Properties of Convolution 127 2.0 a Original signal Amplitude 1.0 0.0 -1.0 FIGURE 7-3 Example of calculus-like operations The signal in (b) is the first difference of the signal ... curve of the form: sin(x)/(x) , is used to separate one band of frequencies from another c Sinc 0.3 Amplitude Amplitude 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -20 -15 -10 Sample number Chapter 7- Properties of Convolution ... affect any of the output signal values As shown by the examples in Fig 7-6, the impulse response of a causal system must have a value of zero for all negative numbered samples Think of this from...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 09:49

... summary of the independent parameters the modified foaming apparatus FOAMING PROPER TIES used far experi- Nature Fixed Diameter Porosity Volume Volume Mass of of sparging disc of sparging disc of ... = Tw Did = = percent of gas initially in 70 ml of foam (gas Flow Rate) - ml/min of nitrogen time to fill the column with foam volume of liquid in the foam initially volume of liquid drained from ... characteristics of protein i.e the foaming capacity of protein and the stability and strength of the foam Foaming ability i.e Gi denotes the amount of gas retained in the foam reflecting the potential of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2012, 15:10

... University of Bari in 1979 University Researcher at the of Engines and Energy Institute of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Bari from 1983 to 1987 Associate professor of Technical ... measure of conductance The analyses, done in the laboratory of Technical Physics of the Polytechnic of Bari, were performed on some samples of calcarenite sandstone and calcareous stone of Fasano ... typologies of building wall: a wall in blocks of calcarenite sandstone assembled with mortar, typical of the constructions of "Sassi of Matera," and a masonry made with dry calcareous stones of Fasano,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... Figure Effect of time of heatsetting on the linearity of load extension in weft direction of knitted Ingeo™ Poly (lactic acid) Figure Mean effect of time of heatsetting on the linearity of load extension ... Increasing time of heatsetting had effect on tensile properties of PLA at varying times of 30s to 90s at temperature of 130°C Optimum effect on tensile properties occurred at times of 30 – 45s PLA ... [PLA] Figure Mean [Ā] of effect of time of heatsetting on the tensile extension EM [%] of Ingeo™ Poly (lactic acid) 3.2 Linearity of load extension curve LT [-] The linearity of load extension curve...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... pH Because most of the chemical and biochemical reaction are influenced by the pH it is of great practical importance The adverse affect of most of the acids appear below and of alkalis above ... quality criteria of an aquatic system In the system where rate of respiration and organic decomposition are high ,the DO values remain lower than those of system where the rate of photosynthesis ... growth and activities of microorganism 3.6 Biological Oxygen demand It has been used as a measure of the amount of organic materialism an aquatic solution which support the growth of microorganism...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 20:20

... owner of the derivative security should exercise it If he does not, then the seller of the security can immediately consume f Vk ! , + r IE Vk+1jF k ! and still maintain the hedge 6.2 Proofs of ... maintain the hedge 6.2 Proofs of the Properties Let fGk gn=0 be a sequence of non-negative random variables such that each Gk is F k -measurable k Define Tk to be the set of all stopping times satisfying ... Lemma 2.18 Proof: Take Vk  Gk for every k Tk to be the constant k Lemma 2.19 The process f1 + r,k Vk gn=0 is a supermartingale k Proof: Let  attain the maximum in the definition of Vk+1 , i.e.,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 03:20

... a series of captors), and are thus much noisier 250 Static properties of granular materials F r p h z Fig 14.13 Sketch of the experimental set-up of Reydellet et al for the measure of the pressure ... focused on the quasistatic rheology of a granular system, so why is all of this related to the description of its statics? As a matter of fact, the static properties of the studied sample are responsible ... horizontal position of the apex of the pile – also, changing the sign of x changes that of the shear σx z More generally, the stress state of the jammed grain packing is assumed to be of the form σx...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20