tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp trung học phổ thông môn anh văn

Trờng THPT Huỳnh Thúc Kháng Tổ Tiếng Anh – TD Tài Liệu Ơn Thi Tốt Nghiệp THPT Lớp 12: năm 2009-2010 Chào các em! Chúc Các em thành cơng trong các kỳ thi sắp tới, Tổ Tiếng Anh trường THPT Huỳnh Thúc kháng – Vạn Ninh xin ra mắt các em tập tài liệu ơn tập này nhằm hệ thống các điểm ngữ pháp cơ bản để các em tiện việc ơn tập, đồng các bài tập áp dụng cả hai hình thúc tự luận và trắc nghiệm để các em thực hành, chúc các em tự tin và ln ln làm chủ kiến thức và lập trường mạnh mẻ khi quyết định chọn phương án đúng. Nội Dung ơn tập Part I: Tenses Giới thiệu các em về các thì cần ơn tập – Trình bày tổng qt về cách dùng thì trên timeline. 1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn ) a. Form : ( Công thức ) - Khẳng đònh : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + V1 He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es - Phủ đònh : I , We , You , They + don't Vo He , She , It … + doesn't Vo - Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + Vo … ? Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : - Diển tả một chân lí , một sự thật hiển nhiên . Ex : The Earth goes round the sun / He is a doctor . / - Tom comes from England . - Diển tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always , often = usually , sometimes = now and then , seldom , rarely , never, every ) dùng để nhận biết. Ex : He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning . Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch. 2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn ) a. Form : - Khẳng đònh : S + am / is / are + V –ing - Phủ đònh : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing - Nghi vấn : Are / I s + S + V-ing …. ? Ex: We are studying English now . b. Usage ( Cách dùng ) : - Diển tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại ) * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now - Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước ) Ex : She is getting married next year. Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diển tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự đònh trước . Ex: The grey dark appears. It is going to rain. 3 . The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành ) a. Form : - Khẳng đònh : S + has / have + V 3 , ed - Phủ đònh : S + has / have ( not ) V 3 , ed - Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V 3 , ed ? b. Usage ( Cách dùng ) : Diển tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ just , recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady ) Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet . Diển tả 1 hành động : Bắt đầu từ quá khứ … kéo dài đến hiện tại …. có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai ( thường đi với các từ since , for ) Ex : - They have lived here for ten years . Ngoài ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three…. times. Note : For ( many, several, 2, 3 / . + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last week ) 4. The Simple Past (Thì quá khứ đơn ) a. Form : - Khẳng đònh : S + V2,ed … ( Tobe : was / were ) - Phủ đònh : S + did not Vo …. - Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo … ? b. Usage : Diển tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ thời gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá khứ ) Note : Thói quen ở quá khứ # thói quen ở hiện tại. - Always, often = usually + V2,ed = used to + Vo hoặc was / were / got used to + V – ing. ( quá khứ ) Ex: I always came here for my summer holiday = ……………………………………………………………… - Always, often = usually + V1 / s,es = am,is,are / get used to + V – ing. ( hiện tại ) Ex: I always come here for my summer holiday = … ……………………………………………………………… 5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ) a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday . b. Usage : - Diển tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác đònh trong quá khứ . Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday ? - Diển tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác đònh ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào . Ex: What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday ? We were watching television when he came - Diển tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ . Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V . Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quá khứ ( yesterday, last ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday. 6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành ) a. Form : S + had V 3 , ed b. Usage : Diển tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ . Ex : When he got up this morning , my mother had already left . Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after 7 . The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn ) a. Form : S + shall / will Vo b. Usage : Diển tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2010 8. The Perfect Future : ( Tương lai hoàn thành ) Form S + will have V 3,ed Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of …. Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike. Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ……….) không dùng thì tương lai mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn . Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG I. Put the verb in brackets into the past simple or the past perfect. 1. When I …………………… (reach) the station , the train (already, leave) 2. It was not until I (read) your letter that I (understand) the truth. 3. He ( sleep) all night but he (be) still tired in the morning. 4. Tom and John (know )each other because they (meet) the summer before. 5. I (rush) to the air port , but the plane (leave) 6. I (start) college as soon as I (finish ) the school 7. Everyone (eat) dinner by the time we (get ) to the dinning room 8. somebody (tell) me that I (late) for the train 9. My wife (buy) a new hat after I (ask) her not to do so. 10.A woman (come) in with a baby , who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin. II. Put the verb in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. 1.she (work) very hard yesterday. 2. They suddenly (realize) that they (travel) in the wrong direction 3. when I (pick) up the teapot . the handle (come) off While I (swim) , someone (steal) my clothes and I (have) to walk home in my swim suit 4. While I (wonder) whether to buy the dress or not . someone else (come) and (buy) it 5.Everyone (read) quietly when suddenly the door (burst) open and a complete stranger (rush) in 6. when he (come) .I (watch) TV 7. I (water) the flower . it (start) to rain. 8.She (talk) to John when I (arrive) III. Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past 1. she is studying. She (start) to study tem minutes ago. She (study) for fifteen minutes 2. The taxi (come) ; so we must go 3. I live in this flat , I (move) here in 1995. (live) since 1995 4. Peter: You (see) any good films lately? Tom: yes, I (go) to Hoa Binh theatre last week and (see) a Japanese film. 5. We (telephone) your office everyday this week 6. I (never, visit) Australia, but I ( see) a program on T.V about it two weeks ago. 7. World war II (end) in 1945 8. They (work) at the bookstore, they (take) the same classes, and they (live) in the same dormitory. 9. where (you, be) all this morning? It’s nearly midday now. 10.Where (you, be) this morning? I rang you up several times before midday. A. Barbara Lively, the writer , is married with two children . She …1……( write) over 40 books . She ……2…( start) writing after the death of her first husband. She …3…… (live) in many parts of the world . she ……4…(spend) her childhood in Egypt, but ……5… (come) to England in 1966. She …6……( write) both prose and poetry, but is best known for her romantic novels . She………7 (win) many wards , including the booker prize , which she ……8… (win ) in 1988 for the novel “ Dark Times to come”. 1. a. writes b. wrote c. has written d. written 2. a. starts b. started c. was starting d. had started 3. a. lives b. has lived c. lived d. living 4. a. has spend b. spent c. had spent d. has spent 5. a. has come b. had come c. came d. comes 6. a. writes b. is writing c. wrote d. has written 7. a. wins b. won c. has won d. win 8. a. wins b. won c. has won d. win I. Give the correct form of the verb : 1. I (walk) down the street when I (see) this man I thought I knew. I probably wouldn’t have recognized him if he (not smile) at me, but I’d known that smile any where. Christ! I (not see) him since I left college. We went and had a drink and (talk) about old times and the people we’d known and the things we (do) together. He (tell) me he spent the first few years after college working in a hospital in Brazil and then he (find) a job teaching. He said he (be) married but it hadn’t worked out, and they (get) divorced. It seemed that he (have) a pretty bad time; but he said that now things (start) to get better. I said I (often think) about him, and had wondered what (happen) to him. 2. I met George and Linda someday last week as I (walk) through the park. They (be) to the Sports Center where they had been playing tennis. They (go) to a café for a drink and invited me to join them but I (arrange) to meet a friend and (not, have) time. Part II: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ( Hòa hợp thì trong menh de trang ngu ) 1.When : - When / by the time + S + V1 / Vs , es , S + V1 / Vs , es ( often, usually, always ) S + will Vo ( sẽ xảy ra : next, tomorrow … ) S + will have V 3,ed ( just, already, for + time ) Ra lệnh : Vo Ex : When / by the time he comes, he will have taken a break for 15 minutes. Remind me when I forget. - When + S + V 2/ ed , S+ V 2/ ed ( 2 chủ từ giống nhau ) S + was / were + Ving ( 2 chủ từ khác nhau / hành động diển ra lâu hơn ) S + had + V 3,ed ( just, already, for + time / hành động xảy ra trước ) Ex : When we came, they were dancing / When we came, we saw many people there. When I got home, everybody had gone to bed. 2.While : - While S + am / is / are + V-ing , S + V1 / Vs, es ( often, usually, always ) - While S + was / were + V-ing , S + was / were + V- ing ( 2 hđộng đồng thời xảy ra ở quá khứ ) S + V 2 , ed 3. Before + S + V 2/ ed , S + had + V 3 , ed # After + S + had + V 3,ed , S + V 2/ ed 4. Since S + V 2/ ed , S + have / has + V 3,ed Note : - Before he went to bed, he had brushed his teeth. - After I finish my homework, I will watch TV. ( Hiện tại ) Bài tập áp dụng 1. By the time you (get ) there, the train (already leave) 2. Before my family (move ) here , we ( live) in Hue for ten years 3. After she ( finish) work , she (go) out for coffee 4. As soon as the police (come) , the theft (run ) away 5. My sister ( work) for that company for 6 years before she (move) to Paris 6. … 1. Her eyes were red because she____________ A- had been crying B- has been crying C- has been cried D- has cried 2. He saw a bear while he_____________ in the forest A- am walking B- walked C- were walking D- was walking 3. “Would you like to go to the pop concert?” -Thanks, but I___________ it already A- had seen B- have been seeing C- have seen D- did see 4. My brother ________for a job since he graduated from college A- has been looking B- was looking C- looked D- is looking 5. How are you feeling? -Ive been feeling better since_________ A- the doctor has came B- the doctor will come C- the doctor had come D- the doctor came 6. His mother_________ English in a junior high school A- teach B- teaches C- teaching D- have taught 7. Jane is 18 years old, but she sometimes acts as a child. She seems to be___________ for her age A- inattentive B- informal C- dishonest D- immature 8. My father asked me____ of the film. A. what do you think B. what I think C. what did you think D. what I thought 9. Mr. Gibbon usually drinks mineral water, but in this party he ____ champagne. A. drinks B. will drink C. has drunk D. is drinking 10. Mary to work everyday, but today she .for the bus a. is driving / waits b. drives/ is waiting c. has driven / is going to wait d. is going to drive / has waited 11. She seemed some trouble with her computer a. to have b. having c. has d. had 12. The problemwe could not find the way to get out of the forests before it got darker and darker. a. was to b. was which c. was that d. that was 13. Please close the windows. The rain. a. came b. is coming c. would come d.had come 14. Are you free this afternoon? - No, I am not Ia lecture given by Professor Jones. a. am attending b. attend c attended d. have attended 15 What will you do with this room ? I it repainted a. have had b. had c. is going to have d. would have 15.There is an international football match on T.V tonight . Liverpool . against Manchester. a. are playing b. has played c. was playing d. has been playing 16. These boys in the garden for three hours a. are working b. have been working c. will be working d. were working A. TRANSFORMATION OF VERBS ( Bieỏn ủoồi ủoọng tửứ ) 1. S + have / has not V 3,ed + ( O ) for / since + time. Ex : I have not met him for 3 years. The last time + S + V 2/ ed was time ago . S last + V 2/ ed + time ago . It is time since S + V 2/ ed ………………………………………………………………………………. 2. S + started / began / came + V –ing / to – Vo / N + time ago. S + has / have V 3,ed + since / for + time S + has / have +been + Ving + since / for + time Ex : I started working here 2 months ago …………………………………………………………………………………… 1.The last time I saw him was in 1998 n 2.It’s ten years since we met each other 3.I have never seen such a good film before 4.Mai began playing the piano in 1998 5. I bought that book yesterday Rewrite the sentence without changing their meaning 1. She started working as a secretary five years ago. > She has 2. I had a swim in the sea for the first time. This 3. This is the first science fiction film I have seen. I have never 4. She has not been to the hairdresser for three months. It is 5. Laurence last saw his sister when she left for Japan. Laurence has not 1. The last time it rained was a fortnight ago. It hasn't B : Subject and Verb Agreement ( Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ – động từ ) * Trường hợp 1 : Động từ chia ở số ít 1. Chủ từ là từ chỉ thời gian ( year / month / week / day ), tiền bạc ( dollar, pound ), khoảng cách(…metres ,mile) , trọng lượng ( ton ) Ex : Ten tons of rice was distributed to the poor. 2. Chủ từ là V-ing hoặc To – Vo Ex : Swimming is good for your health. 3. Chủ từ là các đại từ không xác đònh : no -, each - , every - , …… body, ……. one, ….thing Ex : No students is absent. Everything comes to you. 4. Chủ từ là một mệnh đề Ex : That books are best friends has been proved. 5. Chủ từ là các từ chỉ môn học ( tận cùng bằng ICS như physics …. ), bệnh tật ( mumps , meascles, rickets ), tên riêng ( Miss White ), danh từ không đếm được ( news, goods, water, sugar …… ), danh từ số ít ( thường không có s, es ) Ex : Physics is difficult to study. * Trường hợp 2 : Động từ chia ở số nhiều 1. Chủ từ là danh từ số nhiều ( thường tận cùng –s, es hoặc people, children, men, women ) Ex : My jeans are torn. 2. Chủ từ là The + adj ( the poor, the rich, the blind … ) 3. Both …………… and ……. ( Both Peter and Mary are at the party ) * Các trường hợp khác : - One of N ( Số nhiều ) ………… + V-số ít …………………… Ex : One of the most important things to succeed is hard – working. - A number of ……………………… + V- số nhiều The number of ……………………. + V – số ít - S1 + 0R + S2 … Either + S1 + or + S2 …… Động từ hòa hợp với S2 Neither + S1 + nor + S2 …… Not ( only ) + S1 + but ( also ) + S2 Ex : Either Tom or his parents are absent. - S1 + as well as + S2 along / together with Động từ hòa hợp với S1 giới từ ( in, with …. ) Ex : She as well as her friends has just come. - There be ……… Động từ be ( is, are, was, were ) hòa hợp với danh từ đứng sau. Note : + A lot of = lots of = plenty of ( = much / many : nhiều ) + Dtừ đếm được số nhiều / dtừ không đếm được. + A few ( = some : một vài ) , few ( rất ít ) + Danh từ đếm được số nhiều + A little ( = some : một vài ), little ( rất ít ) + Danh từ không đếm được Bài Tập áp dụng Exercise 1 Choose the best option 1. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming. A B C D 2. It was so a difficult mathematic puzzle that we could not do it. A B C D 3. _ Let's go out for a drink. _ I suggest staying at home and watch television. A B C D 4.The last time my father played tennis were in 1999. A B C D 5 Peter, along with his brothers, go swimming every morning. A B C D 6. There have been little snow in this area for a long time. A B C D 7. A). It is boring when we had nothing to do yesterday. A B C D 8. The picture of the soldiers bring us back many memories A B C D 9. John's father as well as his brothers……………here yesterday. A). have been B). was C). had been D). were 10). The number of the students in this class…………… 30. A). has B). is C). have D). are 1. No news good news. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 2. Here some accounts that you must check. A. is B. are C. were D. was 3. A lot of homework me tired. A. make B. makes C. have made D. are making 4. Not only Mr. Pike but also his sons tea. A. likes B. like C. has liked D. liking 5. Mathematics us with many aspects. A. helps B. help C. have helped D. helping 6. The United States of about 160 nations. A. consists B. consist C. Consisting D. have consisted 7. Coffee contains caffeine, and A. tea does so B. so tea does C. so does tea D. does tea so 8. Both Tom Mary are students. A. and B. nor C. or D. with 9. Plenty of milk consumed everyday. A. are B. is C. was D. were 10.Neither you nor I responsible for the bad result. A. are B. is C. am D. be 11.Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money. A. are B. is C. were D. being 12. I can not speak Spanish. – A. So can I B. Neither can I C. Either can I D. Neither can’t I 13.Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, ready for the exam. A. is B. was C. are D. has been 14.Working for 12 hours a day her very tired. A. make B. makes C. making D. have made 15.The number of the days in a week seven. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16.What he told you to be of no importance. A. seems B. seem C. is seeming D. has [...]... something Mark said to us, “You really ought to get some help.” Mark advised us to get some help Wish to do something “I hope that I can leave this house to my children,” the old man said The old man wished to leave the house to his children Threaten to do something “If you do that again, I’ll leave,” the worker said angrily The worker threatened to leave if I did it again Tell somebody to do something... someone to do something / for something “Would you like to stay at our house?” said your friends Your friends invited me to stay at their house “Would you like to have dinner with us?” Her cousin invited her to have / for dinner Beg someone to do something “Please do not tell my parents about this,” she said to me She begged me not to tell her parents about it Ask someone to do something • Warn somebody... something • Warn somebody about / of something He said, “Be careful The path is slippery.” He warned us about the slippery path “Driving on this wet street is dangerous,” she said She warned us of the danger of driving on the wet street • Think of doing something John said, “The house is very nice! I’ll certainly buy it!” John thought of buying the house • Dream of doing something “I have always wanted to be... = for which : đứng sau the reason 4 That : + That thay thế cho who, whom, which trong mđề không có dấu phẩy + Không được dùng that sau dấu phẩy và sau giới từ ( sau giới từ dùng whom hoặc which ) + Bắt buộc dùng that : • Sau so sánh nhất • Sau đại từ không xác đònh : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body • Sau chủ ngữ hổn hợp ( người và vật ) Ex : The man and his dog that …… • Trong... again Tell somebody to do something “Carry this bag into the kitchen,” my mother said My mother told me to carry the bag into the kitchen Refuse to do something She said, “I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight.” She refused to go to the cinema with me that night Promise to do something He said, “I will come on time.” He promised to come on time Offer to do something “Let me drive you to the airport,”... ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 S + V( khẳng đònh ) + too adj / adv ( for O ) + to - Vo ( quá …… nên không thể ) 4 S + V + adj / adv enough ( for O ) + to - Vo Ex3 : The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it The box is too …………………………………………………………… Ex4 : This shirt is too expensive for me to buy This shirt isn’t ……………………………………………………………… 5 It + is / was + adj + ( for O ) + to -V0 …… V-ing + is / was... cheaper as c much cheaper than d so cheaper than bigger 1 My house is (big) than yours 2 This flower is (beautiful) 3 This is the (interesting) 4 Non-smokers usually live (long) 5 Which is the (dangerous) 6 A holiday by the sea is (good) 7 It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) 8 Who is the (rich) 9 The weather this summer is even (bad) than that one book I have ever read than smokers animal in... being a pilot • Look forward to doing something Mr Smith said: “I feel like meeting my children soon.” Mr Smith looked forward to meeting his children soon • Prevent / Stop someone from doing something The policeman said to the customer: “Stay here! You mustn’t leave the shop!” The policeman stopped the customer (from) leaving the shop • Accuse someone of doing something “You didn’t do what I said,” the... should ( not ) : chỉ lời khuyên ( nên hay không nên ) Ex : You should not smoke so much It is not good for you d Must: chỉ sự bắt buộc ( phải ), must not chó sự cấm đoán không được phép ( 95% of certainty ) Ex : You haven’t got much time You must hurry You can tell Tom what I said but he mustn’t tell anybody else e Need ( cần ) # needn’t = don’t need ( không cần ) Ex : You have got plenty of time You... trong quá khứ, nhưng chưa được sử dụng tới) - Should ( not ) have + V3,ed : nên ( không nên ) làm 1 việc gì đó ở quá khứ - Must( not ) + have + V3,ed : Ắt hẳn đã xảy ra ( không xảy ra ) ở quá khứ - May / might / can / could ( not ) + have + V3,ed : Có thể, có lẽ đã xảy ra ở quá khứ - Need (Needn’t ) + have + V3,ed : Cần ( không cần ) làm việc gì ở quá khứ Degree of certainty Why wasn’t Mary in class? (a) . Huỳnh Thúc Kháng Tổ Tiếng Anh – TD Tài Liệu Ơn Thi Tốt Nghiệp THPT Lớp 12: năm 2009-2010 Chào các em! Chúc Các em thành cơng trong các kỳ thi sắp tới, Tổ Tiếng Anh trường THPT Huỳnh Thúc. các từ chỉ môn học ( tận cùng bằng ICS như physics …. ), bệnh tật ( mumps , meascles, rickets ), tên riêng ( Miss White ), danh từ không đếm được ( news, goods, water, sugar …… ), danh từ số. asked me____ of the film. A. what do you think B. what I think C. what did you think D. what I thought 9. Mr. Gibbon usually drinks mineral water, but in this party he ____ champagne. A. drinks