chuyen de 4-5 hoa THCS

Chuyên đề 4: Điều ch cht .   !"#$%& '()*+*,()- ./0()12344/0 567*/ Bi 1.%  .8 9 .: 9 6;<=..: 9 12>? 1 @A8 B 4.8 C D 9 A..: 9 4E<F1G - @"6F0*** 9 .8 C ? - HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 4.:? '=I&<J? Bi 2KLMG6GMKNKE>>OKLKEK  P<QF1FQGRMFRF 1 D:FN*O**I  P<QFD:GQGRMFRF * KQF(SO**TI 4E<F1G - 344FNKOOF;3JGP? - 5U3LFFOGV>WMXF;>(JJF KEKFOJGP? Bi 3:'GKMG6GY.: 9 Z[G.: 9 L..: 9 KL - D:FNY[G. - 8IY8[G8.8 - 4MJFIY\84] 9 Z[G\84] 9 Z.\84] 9 Bi 4:3KLKE584 9 84 9 A8 B .8 4E<GO344MGVMG6 G  5\84] 9 ? 1 .\84] 9 ? Bi 5:3KLKE.8 9 .: 9 **4.: 4E<GO3^MG6G..: 9  1UO>O? Bi 63KL.A8 B LOFOFO(_E<J`1L<9>OMGV MG6GJ.>:FN? Bi 7KLKET:8 9 4 9 8.A8 B [GL**4.:E<GMG6G O.T: 9 \A8 B ] C T:.: C \][G.: 9 Bi 8:.%4 B .:\4 B ] 9 A8 B .8 9 4 9 8[GD.:8 C 4.:4 9 A8 B  a . D@8 B 4;<6F0(6=I&<J  D4*JF  5 D8I     @b**I<  c )\dd](S Bi 9: 3eb**":6.\8 C ] 9 6T8 C :66F09> :F,Jf1$:6T6.?';*O? Bi 10 .FFPFI+)(S(I:F*J 4;< ))FI:FJ\129](\dd]:FJ '=? 1 526Fe(0(\dd]*JFI(\ddd]*JFI?' =? Bi 11 gKLD@8 B 5.: 9 4 9 A8 B [GFOGVMG6GMKNO> `? 1 @FMG6GCJh844.8 C  9 .8 C J`1L<CMG6GF;? g*LFRFKQ;<71KL**OJGP? Bi 12FOFR**F6FT: 9 \A8 B ] C L.A8 B  J`1L<FRMGVKL**JGPMG6GJ**T: 9 \A8 B ] C GO 344? 1 3J`1L<FRMGVKL**JGPMG6GJ**.A8 B GO 344? Bi 13]'GB:FNQKONFL84 1]'Gi:FNQKONFL.A8 B ]'Gi:FNQKONFL.8 9 Bi 143KL#j<J[GA 9 8 9 4 9 8LIOON 'GO3^ MG6GAh\ddd](S Bi 153eFkf6#aJ(;<P(GJF \.\4 9 8 B ] 9 6.A8 B ] Bi 16'@812B Bi 174;<344 D.8 9 12B!? 13e"l\.:];<344J84? 3e"l6>>;<344I,Jf *3eJ("D.:#a1FI6m>;< 344J[G.: 9 Z[G.: C Z[G\84] C ZT:\84] C ZT: 9 8 C U Bi 18'344  D4 C 12C? 1 DA8 9 12n?  ..8 C 12o? * [G.: 9 12o? G .\84] 9 12C? Bi 19  3e4 9 8Z.8ZA;<.A8 B 12C 1 ..:Z..: 9 Z@8 9 6I4 9 A8 B a GJb:p+ 0,F64.:Z.: 9 ?   Bi 20 3eFkf;<4 C 8 B P(GF6(GF >h? 1.b).8Z[G 9 8 C T:4.: 4;<.<f12 >? Bi 213e"l6+ ;<344+qG:FJ ? Chuyên đề 5: TÌM CTHH C"A ĐƠN CH&T, H(P CH&T. 1. :  16F1Jr<f"s*k6F344.3446& 16F`<ft>"<f)0Irf344  16F>F1Jr<f"&:710=:f $%3D<$"6Jr@u> I\>:6$("v:$%@6 I] A*kJf10=1$:7@GFIFaIGF@usa $!: 2. 567*/ Bi1:8Ib>:F,FJr\ddd]>":!C9JF9wB:** 4 9 A8 B 9xy zr.38I>:F,? Bi2:4F6bFI(m{ox:**4.:C@>tFI(6< 12.8*!|B( 3`.33FI(6? Bi3:DFIF9b<f"FFJrd'12FI}! 9oBFI zr.33FI? Bi4.FoiFI>:F,*e+I4.:F{{{".:FJ>:F,  .F1f>:F,? Bi5:~0F6F6F6|bFI>:F,m*OCxx:**4.:{@ zr .33FI>:F,? Bi6:.Fn9bFI(*/+**4.:*(=!{9n" > zr.3(FI? Bi7:.FoBb>:F,FJrddd*/+:F*!9in"  zr>:F,G=? Bi83fee**4 9 A8 B {xy6F:kb"1F>:F,FJrd F+>eF>.8 9 `!**"AS)b{CiCy z r.33Q"1F? Bi9.F{(:FJJEFJr(6Fb**T8 C *}! b>J(>(<>>":!9io zrFJr(6 =I&<JJF3 x ? Bi10.FxoC"1F>:F,FJrd*/+**4.:F{{9: >.8 9 \>] zr.33"1F? Bi11.Fw|o"1F>:F,FJrdd*/+**4 9 A8 B :F; *!{{io"AS 4;<`.3"1FFJrdd? Bi12DtF6F6BxibFI>:F,12.8•$bF6>:F,  cpF61b:!>(J6F1`k.\84] 9 *<,F6n>  :<:!>:F,(JF66F**4.:*`!{{ni:>*JF \>] Bi 133fee**4 9 A8 B {xy6F:kb"1F>:F,FJrd F+>eF>.8 9 `!**"AS)b{CiCy z r.33"1F? Bi14 4F6F6F69nB"@ 9 .8 C 6@4.8 C 12Bxx:**4.: {@FJin9:.8 9 \>] zrf>:F,JF"6yGF>" :!"JF? 1 ~0F6F6F69BFIb>:F,FJrddm*O9{wI:F*J  4€:6FI>:F,6F? Bi15~0>tiBbFI>:F,m9i||:>4 9 :<:!>:F,F *+**4.:`&{nw9:>4 9 3`f>:F,? Bi165J2Bxx:**4.:{@0F6{C>:F,T\FJrddJF !]  4;<IrfT? 1 •:<Bxx:**4.:{@`0F61FfFI> :F,T;!Ir•Jf? Bi17.F{C|b>:F,FJrd*++Fx9*JF zrf> :F,? Bi18.F{xBFIb<f">:F,bdd*+**4.:*(= ,F6{ow" zrf<f">:F,6*kFb6‚ <f"? Bi 19.FxCb>:F,FJr>ƒ*++!{i|:*JF• > zr>:F,1J2>:F,>&l*++F Jr":6C Bi20@bz>F:!9n9)>:F,T\FJrdd6ddd]6FI> :F,T I 8 < >:F, .FzF6F6JFoxx:**4.:9@ zr .33T I 8 < ? Bi214F6F6F6|FI>:F,FJrdddJFCxx:4 9 A8 B :F;{@ (=&*Oox**849By0JF6:!IX* 3`.33FI >:F,? Bi224F6F6F6{|b>:F,@m*O|xx:**4.:9o@ 4€> :F,@:6>:F,6F? Bi23~0F6F6F6|bFI>:F,m*OCxx:**4.:{ zr .33FI>:F,? Bi24.FFI@ I 8 < >:F,@FJr>ƒ 4;<Ir.3FI Jf? Bi 258I>:F,„•=FJr=99oiyFI•FI>:F,• =FJrF=oxB|yFI zr„? Bi26<f"z0,FJ9:F,FI6JF-FI6:!yz:6 Bxy6oxy zrf<f"z? Bi27 .FoBb>:F,FJrddd*+:F*!9in" z r>:F,G=? 1 .FoibFI>m*O*e+I4.:F{{{":FJ >:F, .F1f>:F,? Bi28.F{xx":FJOb>:F,„\FJrdd6ddd] */+D84* D*JFIFJrdd12{w|X> ::FJ>:F,„FJr dd12xo>":!F:„ `>:F,„? Bi 294F6b:!"1Fb>:F,FJrddd12**4 9 A8 B  {iy A>>>FJ%!**=9xy"(S zrf >FJrddd? Bi304F6"1F>:F,FJrdd1**4 9 A8 9 {iy A>> >FJ%`!**=999y"(S 4;<Ir.33 "1FJf? Bi31.F9[G6>:F,FJrdd6F**4.:*`!{{9:4 9  \>] @a>F6B|>:F,FJrddmoxx:**4.: z r>:F,FJrdd? Bi32@)FIb>:F,FJrdd6"1F>:F,FJr !F66FI4 9 A8 B :F;e,FJ>6**… ~G,**… !b:!">{i|y>":!@ zr>:F,FJrdd1> 12BBy>":!@? Bi334F6F6F6o)b>:F,FJrdd6b>:F,FJrddd m*O{|9o**4.:Cxy  30>*JFFJ•>? 1 3>":!">!,F6? Bi34.F{.`>:F,*e+**"J>:F,FJrdd( {}>> :.`>ƒ`:<J>€**<> :&{BC .F (> :ox6F**(=Jf({}<> :(>ƒ `:<J>€**Jt(,(<>Paio{ `f>:F,FJrdd? Bi354"k**4.:aJf†PT65P•J,P12 .F o..8 C 6F"T6B|@ 9 .8 C 6F"5\@:6>:F,] A>"; F6F6PJ•:,rJP12 @:6>:F,6F? Bi36~"<{>:F,@!bFIz 3JFFIz`@o9wBy GF> : 3`f>:F,@6.3FI? Bi37.FB{i**5.: 9 {9y*e+**=9nCi"(S>:F,T  (>:1€>!|xx:**x9@":FJ>:F,T 3`.33 "(S>:F,T? Bi384F6inob>:F,@1FJr6F**I`moxx:**4.: {o@ zrf>:F,@? Bi39DtCB|bFI>:F,@m*O{CBB:4 9 \>] 3F61b:!> :F,@!F*+**4.:*F{xx|:4 9 \>] 3`.33@? Bi404F6Ib>:F,YJF9xx**4.:nCy\:!Ie] !**‡JF)b"Y,F6:6{{wiyGF> :.Y:6>:F,6F? Bi41:4>:F,"\O<f"„FJrdd]6O> : F =6F**.\8 C ] 9 6=96F**1\8 C ] A{}>(" F:9"12:<>:F,J>€**<> :=& x9yX=l9|By zr<f"„? Bi42@b>ˆ> :9oW6F**A\dd](S A>=:< >ˆJ‰:6>P!99no 4€> :>ˆ(S!:61Ff? Bi434F6{i|>:F,z\FJrI]6Š\FJr<]JF**4.:J) (,**!owB"> 30>4 9 (J? Bi444F6F6F6{i|>:F,@FJrdd12{xx:**4 9 A8 4 xB@ 0 JF6:!I*}*OBx:**84xo@ zr>:F,@? Bi45:~"<F6F6wib>:F,@JEFJrJF1`=>:F <f A>=>W`!9x9o":FJ 3`f>:F,@? Bi464F6z){{9>:F,@6iwiFI@ I 8 < >:F,JF9: **4.:!**T6BB|:4 9 zr>:F,@? Bi47:4F6{w|z)>:F,OFJr6Fixx:**4.:{o@  ,**(=!Bwxo">  .=z>? 1 30>*JF(J? Bi48: .F{A:FJ*+**T8 C *!9ioT.: zr.33 "(:FJ? Bi49.b)1b(61b>:F,@FJr F66< JF**4.:`!n|B:>4 9 \>] FJf*+>:F`m *O|B:\>] 5v:$("<ftA6>:F,@JF:6{B  30>:F;F!+>:F,@•>? 1 zrFJr>:F,@?  >":!>:F,@JF:6oB`@:6>:F,6F? Bi50: 4F6bFI(m{ox:**4.:C@>tF61bFI (Jf12.8*`!|B( zr.3(FI? Bi51~0F69B(FI`m*OeBB{4 9 A8 B `.3FI? Bi52DtFI(12>*JF* .F+,FJ!/ 12{xxI4 9 A8 B w|y`)bI&CBxoy .J!(= >t!F6124 9 A8 B :F;FJCCi:>4 9 •> zr.33 FI(? Bi53.F{(:FJJEFJr(6Fb**T8 C *}! b>J(>(<>> ::69io 4;<IrFJr(6 I&<JJF3 F ? Bi54.Fee**D84*6FC9o"(:FJ A:>G •$bF`!{iJ1J2(kFWJF#J`3:6 >>0 4;<`"(? Bi554F6F6F6iB)1b[G6bFI(12**4.:!99B :>4 9 \>] GC9Jf>t124 9 •$bFx{4 9 8,F 6 4;<`.33FI(? Bi 56~0F6F6F6o{FIb>:F,FJr\ddd]}&*O BC|**4.:9oy 4€:6FI>:F,6F? Bi57€eee**846F**":FJ>:F,5FJrddd >>>,Ff!%`*e …:<>G•$bF !bFI\JFy>:F,5o9wBy] zrf>:F, 5? Bi58DF9ob>:F,Jrdd6F+`!{B:>4 9 1<J• > zrf>:F,? Bi59DX9{b>:F,JrddJF**4 9 A8 B :F;`(J|B: >4 9 •> DF>`"(S>O++,FJ{xB9o 0"*J  .F1f>:F,? 1 zr.3"4*J? Bi60~0X{i[G I 8 < m*OxiF:**4.: zr.33FI(? Bi614X9nB@ 9 .8 C 6@4.8 C 12oxx:**4.:{@<FJin9 :>.8 9 •> ~0JXI*&*Oox:**849@ 3`.3" 6y"JF? Bi62.FBiw"(S61FOb>:F,Jrd6F +6**T .F‹**T‚*4 9 A8 B *FJ99B:>•> .F‹**T‚* +**5.: 9 *`!BC>J 3`.39"6y? Bi63:.F{xx".:FJOb>:F,@Jrdd6ddd‚* +**84* D*JFIJrdd12xo>":!F:@ 3`.39 ".:FJ6y"JF? Bi643f84*6F**=|(S>:F,JrddJ)::<> J!bFI>:F, cpb:)>4*JF#> >t>:F,7!>":!C9 4€>:F,:6`? Bi654XF6F6Bb>:F,Jrdd6b>:F,Jrddd`m *O{nx:**4.:9@  .,**!1Ff">? 1 30>FJ•>?  >:F,Jrddd:6T:6("F:12o:m("F:>:F,Jrdd` >:F,Jrdd6<f"6F? Bi 66 : DtbFI(112.8*F6F6!( 6>T. 4F6 :!(12**4.:*!{i|:>4 9 •> 4 /F61b>T12.\84] 9 ` !{x> 3`.3FI( Bi 67 : A/|wi:>\>]6F9xx:**z84\z:6>:F,>] c*r( =F*/+<>XF*/+D84\6)1• GF::G]`:6,6) .,**TX:,9w{o"> zr IGz84:66F6)b 