The Age of Reason (1660 – 1798) Instructor: Ph.D. Doan Hue Dung Group 2: Nguyen Thi Minh Khoa 11128046 Nguyen Thi My Kim 11128048 Tran Thi Nhu Tho 11128095 Nguyen Pham Yen Nhi 11128075 Social Background Literature Trends Main Writers: • John Dryden • g • C • cc William Blake The Age of Reason (1660 – 1798) Social background A nation divided against itself, exhausted by 20 years of civil war and revolution. Immense conflicts between Anglicanism and Catholicism and between the monarchy and the Parliament. An empire: power from Canada in the west to Indian in the east. Leading Up to 1660 1642 16601644 1646 1648 1650 1652 1654 1656 1658 • 1653–1658 : Oliver Cromwell rules England, Scotland, and Ireland as lord protector. • 1660: Parliament restores Charles II to the throne. • 1642–1651: English Civil Wars • 1650–1651: Charles II flees to Scotland, attempts to invade England, and escapes to France. • 1649: Charles I is beheaded on orders of a special Parliamentary court. Restoration/18 Restoration/18 th th Century Monarchs Century Monarchs James II (1685-1688) Anne (1702-1714) George I (1714-1727) William and Mary (1689-1702) Restoration/18 Restoration/18 th th Century Monarchs Century Monarchs George II (1727-1760) George III (1760- 1820) George IV (1820-1830) William IV (1830-1837) The Restoration of the monarchy 1660 ‒ King Charles II was restored to the throne an admiration and influence of French philosophy, literature, literary criticism and social behavior new poetic style The Restoration The Restoration During Charles II’s reign (1660–1685), • Church of England • Aristocratic courtier life: model of taste and luxury • Theaters reopened and censorship of the arts declined • Religious persecution of Catholics + Dissenters by Anglicans Disaster 1665-1666: Great Plague in England 1666: Great Fire in London 1685: James II became king of England 1688: Accession of William of Orange - William III (of Orange) 1689: William of Orange and his wife Anne reigned England the ‘Glorious Revolution’ [...].. .170 7: Act of Union united Scotland and England which become “Great Britain” During King George III's long rule (176 0 -182 0) Britain became a major colonial power The Enlightened • 175 1: The Enlightenment movement in France • 1660 to 180 0: the Enlightenment, the Age of Reason, the Augustan Age, the neoclassical period... Blake's life and time • Book-Something innocence was published in 178 9 • innocence of childhood and the delicate balance between knowledge and corruption William Blake's life and time what he saw as a corruption of the industrial revolution Writing a dark satanic Mills and celebrating the beauty of nature • Catherine assisted William and together the produced a remarkable body writing and illustrations... access cheap gin and had high rates of alcoholism Night (18th century) by William Hogarth Science Advances in science led to a better understanding of nature and its laws • Sir Isaac Newton: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy • Robert Hooke: astronomy, biology, chemistry, and physics © Bettmann/CORBIS • Robert Boyle: the study of chemistry Sir Isaac Newton Religion • Catholics and Dissenters... religious freedom • Deists, believers of a new and controversial religious doctrine: the universe as a perfect mechanism that God had built and then left to run on its own 177 5: The American Revolution 178 9: The French Revolution Conditions of Literary Production • The Stage Licensing Act (173 7) established a form of dramatic censorship • The first British copyright law not tied to government approval... Religion Literature Society The rich lived lavishly They • attended newly reopened theaters • wore expensive, heavily ornamented clothing • used make-up and wore heavy wigs (both men and women) • attended or hosted balls, masquerades, and dinners in London and in fashionable resort cities (Bath) Society The poor deteriorated: • lived in filthy, overcrowded slums • suffered from poor sanitation and disease... school at the age of 10 William Blake's life and time • Blake began attending drawing classes and at the age of 14 imagine just for illustration William Blake's life and time • Blake fed his imagination during his engraving apprenticeship • He visited Gothic churches and published his first volume of verse called political sketches William Blake's life and time • At the age of 21, Blake became a student... taverns, parks, etc.): readers circulated and discussed the texts • A greatly increased literacy rates (by 180 0, 60-70 percent of adult men could read, versus 25 percent in 1600 • Women published widely • Circulating libraries began in the 174 0s William Blake Poet Painter William Blake Printmaker William Blake's life and time He was born on November 28th 175 7 His education was unorthodox William... illustrations • He suffered for years from an unknown ailment with stomach pain and muscle weakness • William Blake died on August 12 182 7 And was buried in bond Hill fields William Blake's influence Bible: kinh thánh theological treatises: thần học luận imagine just for illustration William Blake's influence • His intellectual and psychological growth, however, was dominated by the influence of his brother,... consumption at the age of 20 William Blake's influence ideals and ambitious of the French and American Revolutions thinkers such as Emanuel Swedenborg William Blake's themes • Opposition • The cycle • Oppression / epression • Sexuality • Innocence and Experience • Religion • Poetry/Imagination William Blake's style His words-unrhymed rhymed fragments and some very beautiful traditional' poetry sarcastic verse... became a student of Royal Academy of Art William Blake's life and time • Blake was directed by influential painter-Oshua Reynolds • But he found himself reactionary in this environment preferring classic works Oshua Reynolds • Blake also met his wife Catherine • William Blake then embarked on his career as a professional engraver • In 178 4 played as a partner Jame Parker open the print shop turning . (1714-1727) William and Mary (1689-1702) Restoration /18 Restoration /18 th th Century Monarchs Century Monarchs George II (1727-1760) George III (1760- 182 0) George IV (182 0 -183 0) William IV (183 0 -183 7) . rules England, Scotland, and Ireland as lord protector. • 1660: Parliament restores Charles II to the throne. • 1642–1651: English Civil Wars • 1650–1651: Charles II flees to Scotland, attempts. Scotland, attempts to invade England, and escapes to France. • 1649: Charles I is beheaded on orders of a special Parliamentary court. Restoration /18 Restoration /18 th th Century Monarchs Century