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I. Choose the most suitable word for each space: According to a magazine article I read recently, we (1)…………… live in an age of increasing leisure. Not only are more and more people reaching (2)………….. age with their taste for enjoyment and even adventure relatively (3)……………. but the working week is becoming shorter and the opportunities for (4) …………… are becoming greater and greater all the time. Not to mention the fact that people (5) ……………. to spend less time travelling to work or may even be working from home. What I can’t understand, however, is who these people are. As far as I can (6) …………… the whole thing is another one of (7) ……………. journalistic fictions. I admit that there are a lot of retired people (8) …………… but I am not sure that all of them are dashing about learning hanggliding or sailing singlehanded (9) ……………. the world. My own parents seem to (10) ………….. most of their time gazing at the television. And as for the shorter working week, I wish someone (11) ………….. remind my company about it. I seem to be working longer and longer hour (12) ……………. the time. The little leisure time I have is eaten into by sitting in trafic jams or waiting for trains to (13) ……………….. up at rain swept platforms. I haven’t noticed any dramatic improvements in my (14) …………….. lifestyle either, but perhaps I just have to wait until I get my (15) …………… 1. A. presently B. at the moment C. now D. at this time 2. A. retirement B. their C. later D. third 3. A. present B. survived C. free D. intact 4. A. this B. longer C. leisure D. people 5. A. use B. tend C. have D. demand 6. A. concern B. imagine C. expect D. tell 7. A. the B. those C. these D. some 8. A. in our days B. in these time C. nowadays D. now and again 9. A. round B. over C. through D. into 10. A. have B. use C. the D. spend 11. A. would B. to C. had D. might 12. A. at B. for C. take D. all 13. A. keep B. line C. show D. set 14. A. cost of living B. lifestyle C. lifeline D. livelihood 15. A. pension B. retirement C. insurance D. salary

Trang 1

Có 20 nguyên âm trong tiếng Anh trong đó có 12 nguyên âm đơn và 8 nguyên âm đôi Dưới đây là các ký hiệu của các nguyên âm trong tiếng Anh và các từ chứa các nguyên âm

đó

ʌ run, sun, cup, luck, but, dust, gun, rug, duck,

come, some, love, does, other, among, honey,

nothing, young, touch, rough, enough, double,

trouble, blood,flood

Duke /ju:/, no /ou/, tone /ou/, do /u:/, couch /au/, about /au/, gone / ɒ/, flour /auə/, food /u:/

a: arm, bar, star, harm, cart, charm scarce, father,

calm, half, clerk, heart

scarce /eə/, quart /ɔ:/

æ cat, black, tan, map, fan, dam, Father /a:/, calm /a:/

e met, bed, get, them, debt, send, tend, bread,

breath, head, lead, wealth, weather, deaf, bury,

leisure, friend, many, measure to breathe

Eleven /i/, term /ɜ:/, to lead (lãnh đạo) /i:/, to breathe /i:/

ə away, cinema (hầu hết các nguyên âm nằm

trong âm tiết không được nhấn mạnh đều được

đọc là ə)

ɜ: err, serve, verse, mercy, stir, girl, bird, first,

world, word, worm, turn, burn, hurt, burglar,

Thursday, learn, earth, heard, earn, search

bear /eə/, hear /iə/

i hit, sitting, bit, kit, dim, grin, twin, him, begin,

become, decide, return, remind, exchange,

industry, friendly, cloudy, rainy,market,

booklet, climate, passage, women, busy, minute

hide /ai/, bite /ai/, den /e/, benefit /e/, dry /ai/, sky /ai/, woman /u/

i: see, free, screen, agree, guarantee, sea, seat,

heat, easy, dream, teach, breathe, creature,

scene, complete, obsolete, intervene,

Vietnamese, seize, ceiling, conceive, receive,

receipt, grief, chief, believe, relieve, belief,

machine, sardine, routine, magazine

break /ei/, breakfast /e/, friend /e/, science /ai/

ɒ hot, rock, clock, doctor, document, opposite, among /ʌ/, nothing /ʌ/

PHONETICS (cont)

Trang 2

long, strong

ɔ: call, fall, all, tall, small, wall, ball fault, haunt,

launch, daughter, naughty law, dawn, crawl,

awful, awkward, straw

born, lord, sort, forty, morning, portable, cross,

lost, loss, cost four, pour, court, course, cough,

oar, board, hoarse, soar, roar door, floor

shall / æ/, laugh /a:/, aunt /a:/

ghost /ou/, rough, enough /ʌ/, hour /auə/, poor /uə/, /ɔ:/

u put, bush, pull, full, butcher, bullet could,

should, would foot, cook, book, look, good,

wood woman, wolf

cut /ʌ/, food /u:/, blood /ʌ/

u: brew, crew, flew, screw

bruise, fruit, juice, cruise, recruit

blue, glue, clue

food, cool, goose, spoon, tool, tooth, bamboo

do, two, who, whom, whose, tomb

sew /ou/

ruin /u:i/, mosquito /i:/

foot /u/, blood /ʌ/

ai five, bite, site, sight, like, kind, child

eye, die, dye, lie, pie

cry, try, shy, type, cycle

guide, guise, quite, require

to live /i/

typical, pyramid /i/

au out, bound, cloud, doubt, found, proud

now, vow, brow, crown, gown, towel, frown

our, hour, flour

young, touch /ʌ/

crow /ou/

colour /ə/, tour /uə/

ou go, no, so, toe, tomato, potato, comb, cold,

home

coal, coat, goat, foam, loan, road, soak

bow, low, mow, row, grow, narrow, widow

though, dough, although

do /u:/, bomb /ɒ/

now, brow /au/

touch /ʌ/, hour /au/

eə bare, care, hare, prepare air, chair, hair, pair

bear, pear, to tear (xé rách), wear

heir, their

where

beard, hear, tear /iə/

ei late, cake, mate, nation, Asian, change, strange

bail, mail, hail, sail, nail, faint

say, stay, day, clay, ray

great, break, steak

have /æ/, plaque / æ/

said /e/

quay /i:/

breakfast /e/

Trang 3

they, prey, grey, obey

eight, weight, freight, neighbour

height /ai/

iə near, ear, hear, clear, tear

beer, cheer, deer, career, engineer

here, we’re, sincere, coherent

to tear (xé rách) /eə/

ɔi join, oil, boil, spoil, soil

boy, destroy, joy, toy

uə tourist, poor (Ngày nay nhiều người bản ngữ

không dùng âm này mà thay vào đó là âm /ɔ:/)

BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1 Choose the word in which the letter in bold is pronounced differently from the vowel sound on the left

2 /ʌ/ A enough B brother C sugar D much

7 /i/ A building B little C bird D milk

8 /u:/ A shampoo B look C fruit D two

10 /ou/ A rough B dough C narrow D grow

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