I. Choose the most suitable word for each space: According to a magazine article I read recently, we (1)…………… live in an age of increasing leisure. Not only are more and more people reaching (2)………….. age with their taste for enjoyment and even adventure relatively (3)……………. but the working week is becoming shorter and the opportunities for (4) …………… are becoming greater and greater all the time. Not to mention the fact that people (5) ……………. to spend less time travelling to work or may even be working from home. What I can’t understand, however, is who these people are. As far as I can (6) …………… the whole thing is another one of (7) ……………. journalistic fictions. I admit that there are a lot of retired people (8) …………… but I am not sure that all of them are dashing about learning hanggliding or sailing singlehanded (9) ……………. the world. My own parents seem to (10) ………….. most of their time gazing at the television. And as for the shorter working week, I wish someone (11) ………….. remind my company about it. I seem to be working longer and longer hour (12) ……………. the time. The little leisure time I have is eaten into by sitting in trafic jams or waiting for trains to (13) ……………….. up at rain swept platforms. I haven’t noticed any dramatic improvements in my (14) …………….. lifestyle either, but perhaps I just have to wait until I get my (15) …………… 1. A. presently B. at the moment C. now D. at this time 2. A. retirement B. their C. later D. third 3. A. present B. survived C. free D. intact 4. A. this B. longer C. leisure D. people 5. A. use B. tend C. have D. demand 6. A. concern B. imagine C. expect D. tell 7. A. the B. those C. these D. some 8. A. in our days B. in these time C. nowadays D. now and again 9. A. round B. over C. through D. into 10. A. have B. use C. the D. spend 11. A. would B. to C. had D. might 12. A. at B. for C. take D. all 13. A. keep B. line C. show D. set 14. A. cost of living B. lifestyle C. lifeline D. livelihood 15. A. pension B. retirement C. insurance D. salary
Trang 1Có 20 nguyên âm trong tiếng Anh trong đó có 12 nguyên âm đơn và 8 nguyên âm đôi Dưới đây là các ký hiệu của các nguyên âm trong tiếng Anh và các từ chứa các nguyên âm
đó
ʌ run, sun, cup, luck, but, dust, gun, rug, duck,
come, some, love, does, other, among, honey,
nothing, young, touch, rough, enough, double,
trouble, blood,flood
Duke /ju:/, no /ou/, tone /ou/, do /u:/, couch /au/, about /au/, gone / ɒ/, flour /auə/, food /u:/
a: arm, bar, star, harm, cart, charm scarce, father,
calm, half, clerk, heart
scarce /eə/, quart /ɔ:/
æ cat, black, tan, map, fan, dam, Father /a:/, calm /a:/
e met, bed, get, them, debt, send, tend, bread,
breath, head, lead, wealth, weather, deaf, bury,
leisure, friend, many, measure to breathe
Eleven /i/, term /ɜ:/, to lead (lãnh đạo) /i:/, to breathe /i:/
ə away, cinema (hầu hết các nguyên âm nằm
trong âm tiết không được nhấn mạnh đều được
đọc là ə)
ɜ: err, serve, verse, mercy, stir, girl, bird, first,
world, word, worm, turn, burn, hurt, burglar,
Thursday, learn, earth, heard, earn, search
bear /eə/, hear /iə/
i hit, sitting, bit, kit, dim, grin, twin, him, begin,
become, decide, return, remind, exchange,
industry, friendly, cloudy, rainy,market,
booklet, climate, passage, women, busy, minute
hide /ai/, bite /ai/, den /e/, benefit /e/, dry /ai/, sky /ai/, woman /u/
i: see, free, screen, agree, guarantee, sea, seat,
heat, easy, dream, teach, breathe, creature,
scene, complete, obsolete, intervene,
Vietnamese, seize, ceiling, conceive, receive,
receipt, grief, chief, believe, relieve, belief,
machine, sardine, routine, magazine
break /ei/, breakfast /e/, friend /e/, science /ai/
ɒ hot, rock, clock, doctor, document, opposite, among /ʌ/, nothing /ʌ/
PHONETICS (cont)
Trang 2long, strong
ɔ: call, fall, all, tall, small, wall, ball fault, haunt,
launch, daughter, naughty law, dawn, crawl,
awful, awkward, straw
born, lord, sort, forty, morning, portable, cross,
lost, loss, cost four, pour, court, course, cough,
oar, board, hoarse, soar, roar door, floor
shall / æ/, laugh /a:/, aunt /a:/
ghost /ou/, rough, enough /ʌ/, hour /auə/, poor /uə/, /ɔ:/
u put, bush, pull, full, butcher, bullet could,
should, would foot, cook, book, look, good,
wood woman, wolf
cut /ʌ/, food /u:/, blood /ʌ/
u: brew, crew, flew, screw
bruise, fruit, juice, cruise, recruit
blue, glue, clue
food, cool, goose, spoon, tool, tooth, bamboo
do, two, who, whom, whose, tomb
sew /ou/
ruin /u:i/, mosquito /i:/
foot /u/, blood /ʌ/
ai five, bite, site, sight, like, kind, child
eye, die, dye, lie, pie
cry, try, shy, type, cycle
guide, guise, quite, require
to live /i/
typical, pyramid /i/
au out, bound, cloud, doubt, found, proud
now, vow, brow, crown, gown, towel, frown
our, hour, flour
young, touch /ʌ/
crow /ou/
colour /ə/, tour /uə/
ou go, no, so, toe, tomato, potato, comb, cold,
home
coal, coat, goat, foam, loan, road, soak
bow, low, mow, row, grow, narrow, widow
though, dough, although
do /u:/, bomb /ɒ/
now, brow /au/
touch /ʌ/, hour /au/
eə bare, care, hare, prepare air, chair, hair, pair
bear, pear, to tear (xé rách), wear
heir, their
where
beard, hear, tear /iə/
ei late, cake, mate, nation, Asian, change, strange
bail, mail, hail, sail, nail, faint
say, stay, day, clay, ray
great, break, steak
have /æ/, plaque / æ/
said /e/
quay /i:/
breakfast /e/
Trang 3they, prey, grey, obey
eight, weight, freight, neighbour
height /ai/
iə near, ear, hear, clear, tear
beer, cheer, deer, career, engineer
here, we’re, sincere, coherent
to tear (xé rách) /eə/
ɔi join, oil, boil, spoil, soil
boy, destroy, joy, toy
uə tourist, poor (Ngày nay nhiều người bản ngữ
không dùng âm này mà thay vào đó là âm /ɔ:/)
BÀI TẬP
Exercise 1 Choose the word in which the letter in bold is pronounced differently from the vowel sound on the left
2 /ʌ/ A enough B brother C sugar D much
7 /i/ A building B little C bird D milk
8 /u:/ A shampoo B look C fruit D two
10 /ou/ A rough B dough C narrow D grow