105 bài học phát âm tiếng anh lê văn sự

Lê Văn SựG iảng viên Tiếng Anh Trường Đại học Lạc Hồng 1 0 5 Bíll HQC PHÁT fim TIÊÌ1G nriH 105 ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION LESSONS Bao gồm : Q44 bài học phát âm dành cho học viên trình độ tiền

Lê Văn Sự

G iảng viên Tiếng Anh Trường Đại học Lạc Hồng

1 0 5 Bíll HQC PHÁT fim TIÊÌ1G nriH

105 ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION LESSONS

Bao gồm :

Q44 bài học phát âm dành cho học viên trình độ tiền trung cấp

B 40 bài học phát âm dành cho học viên trình độ trung cấp

n21 bài học về trọng âm, nhịp điệu và ngữ điệu

Đặc điểm:

n Trình bày ngắn gọn cách phát từng âm riêng rẽ và trong câu

n Luyện trọng âm của từ, nhịp điệu, ngữ điệu của câu và cụm từ

a C h ú _ lữ viết và cách phát âm cua từ

n C ó c III I III I illll 1 -ác từ hay phát âm sai, từ đong âm dịnghĩ IIII III ị 11111111 m dạng yếu của từ

Dùng cí 1000020645

n Trình bày ngắn gọn cách phát từng âm riêng rẽ và trong câu

n Luyện trọng âm của từ, nhịp điêu, ngu điệu của câu và cụm từ

n Chú ý đến quan hệ giữa chữ viết và cách phát ám của tử

n Có các bài luyện phụ ảm, các từ hay phát ảm sai, từ đồng âm dị nghĩa, từ có các mẫu tự câm dạng yếu của tu.

Dùng cho:

n Mọi đối tượng học viên tiêng Anh để phát âm dùng.

- summaries of the relationship betiveen spellings and sounds.

- ivords and sentences for practice and transcription.

- special Iessons on consonant clusters, Ịrequently mispronounced

ivords, silent letters and homonyms.

- sections dealing wìth word stress, phrase stress, sentence stress,

strong and weak forms, rhythm and intonation.

- a lot of exercises to apply what has been treated

When íĩnishing this course, you’ll get the íbundation for a better English pronunciation thanks to the exposure to almost all the

im portant aspects of speech training These aspects are of practical, not academic value They are easy to understand and practise Thereíore, all kinds of English learners can get access to them

We hope th a t this m aterial will bring beneíĩts to those who wish

to gain a good and Standard English accent

LE VAN SU Vice DirectorDong Nai Iníbrmatics & Foreign Languages Centre

p h á t những âm nào đó cho đúng.

- N hững tóm t ắ t về sự liên hệ giữa ch ữ viết và ấ m đọc.

- N hững từ và câu đ ể luyện tập và p h iê n âm.

- Những bài học đặc b iệ t về cụm p h ụ âm, n h ữ n g từ thường p h á t

âm sai, m ẫu tự câm v à từ đồng âm d ị nghĩa.

- Các phần đề cập đến trọng âm của từ, cụm và câu, dạ n g m ạnh

yếu, nhịp đ iệu và ngữ điệu.

- N hiều bài tậ p áp dụng những diều vừa được dề cập đến

Khi k ết thúc giáo tr ìn h này, bạn sẽ có được nền tả n g cho việc

p h át âm tiến g A nh k h ả quan hơn nhờ được cọ x át với hầu n h ư t ấ t cả các k h ía cạnh quan trọ n g của việc luyện âm N hững k h ía cạn h này

m ang tín h thực h àn h , chứ không học th u ậ t Chúng dễ hiểu v à dễ thực hành Vì vậy, tấ t cả các loại học viên đều có th ể tiếp cận chúng

Chúng tôi hi vọng rằ n g tà i liệu n ày sẽ m ang lại lợi ích cho những

ai mong muôn có được giọng chuẩn tiến g A nh tốt

LÊ VẮN S ự Phó G iám Đốc

T rung Tâm T in Học - N goại Ngữ

Đồng N ai

F0REW 0RD 5

Part One 44 PRONUNCIATION LESSONS FOR LEARNERS OF PRE ỈNTERMEDIATE LEVEL Lesson 1 ENGLISH SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS 13

Lesson 2 THE ENGLISH VOWELS / i:/ and /i/ 15

Lesson 3 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/ 17

Lesson 4 THE ENGLISH VOWEL I x l 18

Lesson 5 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a:/ 19

Lesson 6 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/ 20

Lesson 7 THE ENGLISH VOWEL te:/ 21

Lesson 8 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/ 22

Lesson 9 THE ENGLISH VOVVEL /u:/ 23

Lesson 10 THE ENGLISH VOWEL / a / 24

Lesson 11 THE ENGLISH VOWEL te/ 25

Lesson 12 THE ENGLISH VOWEL te:/ 27

Lesson 13 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e i/ 28

Lesson 14 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHING te o / 29

Lesson 15 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG / a i/ 30

Lesson 16 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ao / 31

Lesson 17 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG / di / 32

Lesson 18 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG / id / 33

Lesson 19 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e a / 34

Lesson 20 THE ENGLISH DÍPHTHONG /o a/ 35

Lesson 21 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ + /b/ 36

Lesson 22 THE ENGLISH COIMSONANTS /ư + /d/ 37

Lesson 23 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /k/ + /g / 39

Lesson 24 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ & /v/ 41

Lesson 25 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /0/ + /ỗ / 43

Lesson 26 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /s/ and /z/ 45

Lesson 27 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /J7 & /3/ 47

Lesson 28 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /tJ7 and / d y 49

Lesson 29 THE ENIGLISH CONSONANT /h/ 52

Lesson 30 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT / y 53

Lesson 31 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /m/ 55

Lesson 32 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /n/ & / ịj / 57

Lesson 33 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /r/ 59

Lesson 34 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT / j / 61

Lesson 35 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /w / 62

Lesson 36 PRONUNCIATION OF THE ENDINGS - S & E D 63

Lesson 37 RULES OF PRONUNCIATION SYLLABIC CONSONANTS -CONSONANT CLUSTERS .65

Lesson 38 TWO-CONSONANT CLUSTERS AT THE END OF W ORDS 67

Lesson 39 T H R E E - or FOUR-CONSONANT CLUSTERS AT THE END OF W O RDS 68

Lesson 40 FREQUENTLY MISPRONOUNCED W O RD S 70

Lesson 41 FREQUENTLY MISPRONOUNCED W O RD S 71

Lesson 42 SILENT LETTERS 72

Lesson 43 SILENT LET T ER S 73

Lesson 44 H O M O NYM S 74

Part Two

40 PRONUNCIATION LESSONS FOR LEARNERS

OF INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

Lesson 1 APPROACH TO THE COURSE 77

Lesson 2 PHONETIC SYMBOLS - ARTICULATION - SPEECH ORGANS 78

Lesson 3 ENGLISH SOUNDS 82

Lesson 4 PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION - WORD STRESS 85

Lesson 5 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /i:/ 86

Lesson 6 THE ENGLISH VOWEL lì/ 87

Lesson 7 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/ 89

Lesson 8 THE ENGLISH VOWEL / x / 91

Lesson 9 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a:/ 93

Lesson 10 THE ENGLISH VOWEL / d / 94

Lesson 11 THE ENGLISH VOWEL h :l 95

Lesson 12 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/ 97

Lesson 13 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /u:/ 98

Lesson 14 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/ 100

Lesson 15 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/ 102

Lesson 16 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /3:/ 103

Lesson 17 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e i/ 104

Lesson 18 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a i/ 107

Lesson 19 THE ENoLISH DIPHTHONG h i i 108

Lesson 20 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /13Ỉ 109

Lesson 21 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e s / 110

Lesson 22 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /03/ 112

Lesson 23 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ao/ 113

Lesson 24 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a o / 115

Lesson 25 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ AND /b/ 116

Lesson 26 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /ư AND /d/ 119

Lesson 27 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS ỉk/ AND /g/ 122

Lesson 28 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ AND /v/ 124

Lesson 29 THE ENGLISH CONTRAST /0/ AND /ỗ/ 127

Lesson 30 THE ENGLISH CONTRAST /s/ AND / z / 130

Lesson 31 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /J/ AND /3/ 133

Lesson 32 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS / ự / AND / d y 135

Lesson 33 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /h/ 138

Lesson 34 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT m 139

Lesson 35 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /m / 141

Lesson 36 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /n/ 142

Lesson 37 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /ĩ)/ 144

Lesson 38 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /r/ 146

Lesson 39 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT / j / 147

Lesson 40 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT/w/ 148

Part Three ENGLISH ACCENTUATION, RHYTHM AND INTONATION (21 LESSONS) Lesson 1 W0RD S T R E S S 151

Lesson 2 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR PRIMARY STRESS - COMPOUND NOUNS 157

Lesson 3 PHRASE AND SENTENSE STRESS MINOR TERTIARY S T R E S S 159

Lesson 4 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MINOR W EAK S T R E S S 161

Lesson 5 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS

- NOUN MODIFIERS 163

Lesson 6 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS - NOUN MODIFIERS (confd) 165

Lesson 7 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS - VE R B S 167

Lesson 8 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS - NOUNS 170

Lesson 9 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS - ADVERBS 171

Lesson 10 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS - NEGATIVES 173

Lesson 11 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS -O T H E R WORDS 174

Lesson 12 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MINOR TERTIARY STRESS - TWO WORD VE R B S 176

Lesson 13 STRONG and WEAK FORMS 178

Lesson 14 ENGLISH RHYTHM 184

Lesson 15 RISING - FALLING INTONATION 188

Lesson 16 RISING INTONATION 192

Lesson 17 COMBINATION OF RÍSING-FALLING INTONATION and RISING ONE 195 Lesson 18 SUSTAINED INTONATION 198

Lesson 19 GRAPHIC INTONATION (Ngữ Điệu Qua Biểu Đồ) 200

Lesson 20 APPENDIX 1: STRESS 0F COMPOUND WORDS 208

Lesson 21 APPENDIX 2: STRESS OF WORD PAIRS OF 2 SYLLABLES 210

PART ONE

44 PRONUNCỈATION

LESSONS FOR LEARNERS OF PRE-INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

Lesson 1 ENGLISH SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBQLS

E n g lis h s o u n d s a re d e s c r ib le d

I 12 V O W ELS

1 /i:/ Seat /s i:ư

2 /i/ sit /sit/

3 /e/ vvhen Aven/

3 /di/ boy /b ai/

4 /la/ here /hia/

8 /u:/ too /tu:/

9 /o/ look /lok/

10 / a / up /.\p/

11 /3/ bird /ba:d/

12 /n/ a /o/

5 /ca/ chaír /t feo/

6 /oa/ tour 'loa/

Lesson 2 THE ENGLÍSH VOWELS

/i:/ and /ì/

I DESCRIPTION

/i:/

1 The front of the tongue is raised

2 The mouth is nearly closed

3 The lips are spread

4 There is little space between th e jaws

/ư

1 The front of the tongue is raised

2 The mouth is half close

3 The lips are spread

4 The jaw s are a little more ap art for /1/

II SPELLING

lĩl

1 L ẹtter A in the íinal ate, age

Ex: intim ate, delicate, village, cottage

2 L etter E in the preíĩxes be, de, re

Ex: begin, become, decide, retum

3 EY: money, storey

But key /ki:/

4 L e tte r I in words of m onosyllable ending w ith i + consonant.

E x : bit, sit, dim , him , tw in

5 UI: build, guilt, guitar, equivalent, colloquial

B ut m osquito (m oskw i:’t30)

6 Y in an u n stressed syllable of a word

Ex: copy, candy, quality, gravity, slowly

But qualiíy, modify

/i:/

1 L e tte r E before th e íìn al form: consonant + e

Ex: be, he, she, me

s cene com plete V ietnam ese

2 EA: easy, east, dean, h eat, n eat, dream , beam , b reath e,

creature

3 EE: see, free, agree, heel, screen, cheese, guarantee

4 EI: seize ceiling- deceive receive receipt

5 L e tte r I in some words from th e F rench origin

Ex: m achíne, regím e, m ándoline, sardíne, routíne, m agazíne,

chem íse (J a mi:z)

6 IE: w hen it is inside voweis of a word

Ex: grief, chief, believe, belief

feel

ríchÍI11

4 It is half past six

Lesson 3 THE EN6LISH VOWEl /e/

I DESCRIPTION

/e/

1 The front of the tongue is raised

2 The mouth is between half-close and half-open

3 The opening between the jaws is medium

II SPELLING

1 L etter E in words of monosyllable ending with One or more consonants (except R), or in a stressed syllable of a word

Ex: bed get met them debt send mémber novémber eléven

BUT: her, term, interpret (intá.prit).

2 EA: head, bread, breath, breakĩast, steady, jealous (d33élas),

meadow, measure, leather, pleasure

3 EI: leisure, heifer (héfa): bò nái tơ

4 Special case: Pallmall (pélmél), Thames (temz)

III PRACTICE

head hid 1 The lesson ends at ten atter seven.

fell íìll 4 He sent a letter to his triend.

Lesson 4 THE ENGUSH VOWEL /a/

I DESCRIPTION

ỉs J

1 T he front of th e tongue is raised

2 T he m outh is betw een h a lf-o p e n a n d open

3 The jaw opening is m edium to wide

II SPELLING

1 L e tte r A in w ords of monosyllable ending w ith one o r more consonants

Ex: lad, dam , fan, m ap, ran k , th a n k s, catch, th a tc h

2 L e tte r A w h en it is in a stressed syllable of a word h av in g m ore

th a n one syllable and sta n d s before 2 consonants

Ex: candle, captain, baptize, la tte r (laéta), narrow , m ạn n er,

caiculate BUT: stran g er

S e n te n c e s :

1 The m an has an apple

2 The black cat s a t by th e sad m an

3 Ask th e m an w ith th e ta n h a t in h is hand

4 You can have a n o th e r lamb

Lesson 5 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a;/

/a :/

I DESCRIPTION

1 The back of the tongue is raised

2 The mouth is fully open

3 The jaws are fairly wide apart

II SPELLING

1 L etter A in words of monosyllable ending with R or R + consonant, or in a syllable of a word when A stands before R + consonant

Ex: bar, far, star, bam, cart, harm, Sharp, charm, departure.

BUT scarce /skeas/, quart /kwa:t/, sparrow /spaérao/

2 AU: aunt, laugh, draught

3 special case: clerk /kla:k/, Derby /dá:bi/

III PRACTICE

harm ham 1 F ather never parks the car well.

p art pat 2 John started to argue with the guard.

Lesson 6 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/

I DESCRIPTION

/o /

1 T h e back of th e tongue is raised

2 T he m outh is haIf-open

3 T h e lips are slightly rounded but not pushed forward

4 T h e jaw s a re fairly wide ap art

II SPELLING

1 L e tte r A in th e stre sse d syllable of words of m onosyllable beginning w ith w.

Ex: w as /woz/, w ant, w ash, vvatch

2 L e tte r o in words of m onosyliable eriding w ith one consonant and

in th e stressed syllable o f words having m ore th a n one syllable

Ex: cod, lot, snob, logic, coíĩee, doctor, m odern, solitary, opposite

III PRACTICE

1 Jo h n is stro n g b u t olive /ó liv / is not

2 A dog is sittin g on a ro tte n log (khúc gỗ mục)

3 T his cross country ru n n e r is lost

4 The yatch /jo ư is locked a t th e docks

BUT: way, w aste, wax /waeks/ (sáp ong)

/o/

lodgehot

/a:/

large

h e a rt

I DESCRIPTION

h ’J

1 The back of the tongue is raised

2 The mouth is between half close and half open

3 The lips are more rounded than for /o/

4 The jaws are fairly wide part

II SPELLING

1 L etter A in words of monosyllable ending with “11”

Ex: all, call, tall, small, fall, ball, hall, wall

BUT: shall

2 AU: in m ost cases: fault, haunt, launch, audience, daughter,

naughty, laundry

3 AW: in all cases: law, dawn, crawl, draw, awful, awkward

4 L etter o w hen it stands beíore R + eonsonant

E x : born, corpse, hom , lord, north, pork, sort, fortify, moming,

portable, portrait

5 OA: when it stands beíbre R +

consonant-Ex: oar, roar, board, soar

6 OU: four, pour, court, course, m ourn, source, cough, ought,

bought, fought

III PRACTICE

cord cod card 1 I talked alm ost an hour w ith his

port pot p a rt 2 M iss Shaw bought h er

pork pock p a rk 3 We all ought to go for a w alk.sto rk stock s ta rk 4 T he w ater in th e sea is salty.

Lesson 8 THE ENGL1SH VOWEL /o/

I DESCRIPTION

/a /

1 T he back of th e tongue is raised

2 T he tongue is raised to a position a little above half-close

3 T he lips are fairly rounded, but sligh tly protruded

4 T he openning betw een th e jaw s is medium

II SPELLING

1 L e tte r O: bosom, woman

2 OU: could, should, would, douche /d o J/

3 OO: book, brook, good, look

4 L e tte r U: bush, full, pull, push, put, butcher, bullock, b u llet

5 Special case: W orcester Avỏsta/, bouquet /b ó k ei/, bosom /bỏZ3m /

3 You shouỉd put some wood in the

4 She looked at the cook book

Lesson 9 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /u:/

I DESCRIPTION

/u:/

1 The back of th e tongue is raised

2 It is raised nearly to the close position

3 The lips are rounđed and protruded

II SPELLING

1 L etter O: two, who, you, do, move, lose, prove, tomb

2 0 0 : booth, cool, food, goose, soot, spoon, tool, tooth, bamboo,

cuckoo, doomsday, zoo

BUT: blood, ílood

3 OU: group, troupe (gánh hát), vvounded, Soup

4- L e tte rU : blue, flute /flu:ư, brutal, brute (người thô bạo), lunar,

saỉute, lúnatic, lubricate5- UI: bruise, fruit, juice, recruit /rikrúư

BUT: íluid /flóid/, ruin /ró m /

III PRACTICE

fool full 1 I t is too soon to call Sue.

pool pull 2 T here are two new stu d en ts in our

tune look 3 The cool Ju n e w e a th e r caused th educk - flowers to lose th e ir colour

few - 4 It was too cool to sw im in th e pool.

Lesson 10 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/

I ĐESCRIPTION

ỈKỈ

1 The m iddle of th e tongue is raised

2 I t is raised only slig htly to a position m idw ay betw een h a lf-o p e n

a n d open

3 T he lips are spread

4 T he jaw s a re wide ap art

trouble, cousin /kÁzn/, nourish /nÁrự/, ílourish, southems

3 L etter u in the preíĩxes, UN-UM and in some common words: cup, gun, skuli, uneasy, unable, umbrelỉa

BUT: busy, bury, minute

III PRACTICE

S e n te n c e s :

1 Come up to see us sometimes

2 You raust come for supper some Sunday

3 The m other gave her son some money

4 This must be done by one o’clock

Lessòn 11 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /9/

I DESCRIPTION

/3/

1 The Central part of the tongue is raised.

2 It is raised to the half-open position, or slightly lessened

3 The lips are spread

4 The opening between the jaws is medium

II SPELLING

1 L e tte r A in m ost of th e unstressed syllable of a word

Ex: separate, changeable, balance, explanation, capacity,national

2 L e tte r E in a n u n stre sse d syllable of a word

Ex: silent, open, chicken, prudent, generous, d iíĩeren t,

2 The plane íln allv arriv e d inAlaska

3 H e w ent aw ay two m o n th s ago

4 H avan a is the Capital of Cuba.

Lesson 12 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /3:/

I DESCRIPTION

/3:/

1 The middle of the tongue is raised

2 It is raised to a point midway between half-close and half-open,

or slightly higher

3 The lips are spread as for /i:/

4 There is little space between th e jaws

Ex: blur, fur, urge, burn, curse, hurt, nurse, purse, burglar,

fum ish, surgery, Thursday

3 Special case: connaisseur /konisá:/, colonel /kấ:nl/

S e n te n c e s:

1 1 hearđ only the íirst and third words

2 In th a t fĩrm, they go to work early

3 The girls are leam ing German

4 She hu rt her arm and bumed her hand

Lesson 13 THE ENGUSH DIPHTHONG /ei/

a In words of m onosyllable having th e íĩn al form: a + co n son an t + e

-Ex: cane, late, cape, fate, lake, gate, safe, ta p e, date

b In a syllable ju s t before th e íìn al ION a n d IAN

Ex: tra n sla tio n , liberation, A ustralian, A sian, C anad iãn , n a tio nBUT: com panion, m ansion, Italian , lib ra ria n

2 AI —> /e i/ w hen it stan d s before a consonant except R

Ex: m aiỉ, n ail, sail, m aid, w ait, faint, a íra id

3 AY —> /e i/ in all words h av in g AY

Ex: day, hay, gay, play, ray, stay, tray , pay, lay

BUT: quay, m ayor /m é 3/, papaya /p 3 p á ija/

4 EA -> /e i/ as in: great, break, steak

5 E I -> /e i/ as in: eight, w eight, neighbour

6 EY -» /e i/ as in: they, grey, obey

2 Jam es plays with trains and planes.late let 3 Jane bakes eight cakes.

date debt 4 James takes a cake from Jane’s plate.taste test

Lesson 14 THE ENGLISH DÍPHTHING /ao/

a W hen it is a t the end of a word

Ex: no, go, so, echo, mosquito potato, tomato, archipelago (quần

Ex: comb, cold, code, naode, mole, sofa, lotus, lotion, solar,

mobile, moment, soldier

BUT: bomb, fond, soft, long, strong

2 OA -» /ao/ in words of monosyllable ending with one or sometimes two consonants

Ex: coal, coat, foam, goat, loan, road, soap, roast, toast, coast.BUT: broad

3 o u -» /30/: dough, soui, shoulder, poultry

4 0 W -> /ao/: as in: bow, low, row, sow, know, show, slow, narrow ,window, tom orrow

1 Joe h as a noble Rom an nose

2 Joe an d Jo a n go for a stroll

3 Jo a n won’t go hom e alone

4 Joe shows us h is roses

Lesson 15 THE ENGLISH D1PHTH0NG /ai/

I DESCRIPTION

T he tongue a n d th e lip s begin in position for /a/ a n d change rap idly to position for /ì/

II SPELLING

1 EI /QI/ in: e ith e r, n eith er, height

2 L e tte r I is pronounced as /ai/: in words of m onosyllable ending

w ith i + consonant + e

Ex: bite, site, kite, dine, side, tide, like, m ine

BUT: live, give

3 IE —> /a i/ w hen i t is th e final vowel of words o f m onosyllable.

E x : die, lie, pie, tie

4 UI -> /ai/: in the words having UI + consonant + e

E x : guide, quite, inquire, require

like lake 3 She is quite nice but shy.

4 He tried to find a fme white wine

Lesson 16 THE ENGL1SH D1PHTHONG /au/

loud, plough, mouth, South, around, sound, mountain

2 o u —* /a o 3/ as in: our, hour, ílour, sour

3 OW -> /ao / as in: vow, brow, plow, pc A er, towel, down

III P RACTICE

/ao l/ h as found a brown mouse on th e ground

2 A hound (chó săn) h a s a groux (con gà gô) in its mouth

3 T he crowd shouted loudly

4 T he loud shouts of th e crowd drown th e sound of th e loudspeaker

Lesson 17 THE ENGL1SH D1PHTHONG /oi/

I DESCRIPTION

T he tongue a n d th e lips begin in position for h / an d changed

rap idly to position for /ì/

II SPELLING

1 OI: oil, boil, spoil, soil

2 OY: boy, destroy, joy

III PRACTICE

S en te n ces:

1 M r Hoyle /hail/ toils with the soil

2 Roy is a noisy boy

3 Joyce /dzois/ enjoys annoying Roy

4 Roy destroys my toys

Lesson 18 THE ENGL1SH DIPHTHONG /19/

I DESCRIPTION

The tongue and the lips begin in position for /ì/ and change rapidly for /s/

II SPELLING

1 EA -> / o / as in: tear(n), clear, rear, spear, fear, bearđ, weary

2 EE -» /ia/: when it stands before the íĩnaỉ R of a word

Ex: beer, cheer, deer, steer, career, engineer, overseer

3 peer /pia/, idea /a id í 3/, lan /lán/, weir /wia/, weird /wiad/

III PRACTICE

beard bead 1 They hear the cheers at th e rear.reared reed 2 The cheer is clear.

pierce

hepeace

4 They fear th e d eer is d e a re r an d

d earer th is year

Lesson 19 THE ENGL1SH DIPHTHONG /eo/

Ex: bare, care, dare, rare, area /éaria/, p a re n t /p ésran ư ,

prepare, various /v é ariss/, lib rarian , invariable

BUT: are

2 AI —> /e s/ w hen it stan d s before R

Ex: air, fair, h a ir, chair, stair, dairy /d é sri/, fairy

3 EA -> /eo/ as in: bear, p ear, tear(v), w ear, sw ear

4 E I -> /eo/ as in: h eir, th e ir

III PRACTICE

a ir ear 1 We have various p airs of th in g s to

p air peer 2 M ary is scared of fairies in th e

dairy dearie 3 S arah h as fa ir h a ir

rarely really 4 She stared a t th e h airy bear

Lesson 20 THE ENỠLISH DIPHTHONG /cra/

I DESCRIPTION

The tongue and the lips begin in position for /o/ and change rapidly to position for /a/

II SPELLING

1 o o -* /oa/: in words of monosyllable ending in R

Ex: moor, poor

BUT: door, floor

2 ou -> /oa/ as in: tour, tourist, gourd /goad/

3. L etter U: is pronounced as /ịoa/ in the words having u + R + VOWEL

Ex: cure, lure /ljoa/, pure, during, endure, furious, bureau/bjóarao/

S e n te n c e s:

1 It is a dour, cruel, furious boor /boa/

2 He is a curious /kjoarias/ tourist

3 M r Mòore is a sure /Joa/ courier (người đưa tin)

4 The tour is very poor

5 I am sure she is very poor

35

Lesson 21 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS / p / + /b/

1 It m ay be đ e íìn e d s h o rtly a s a voiced b ila b ia l stop

2 E n g lish /b/ is form ed like E n g lish /p/ except t h a t th e vocal cords

B is silen t when íĩnal, after M or before T: lamb, debt, doubt, subtle

III P R A C T IC E

pea bee 1 The paper vvas printed and published

pill bill 2 Paula carefully put the apples andpack back peaches in th e basket.

port bought 3 The boy hid behind the back fence.push bush 4 The w aitress brought us bread but no

butter

Lesson 22 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /t/ + /d/

I D ES C R IP T IO N

/ư

1 A voiceless apico alveolar stop

2 I t is form ed by raisin g the tip of th e tongue to touch the teeth ridg e

3 T he vocal cords are not m ade to vibrate

E x : w rap ped, w alked, p a sse d

- E x cep tio n al w ords: e ig h th , T h a m es /te m z /, T h o m a s

- (regular): did

- “E D ” in p a s t v erb s e n d in g in a vo\vel or a voiced

c o n so n a n t (except /đ/): stay ed , ra ise d , rubbed

III P R A C T IC E

to rn daw n 1 W h a t’s th e m a t te r w ith h im ?

2 How m uch is tw o tim e s tw o? Two

tra in d ra in 3 A írie n d in n e e d is a ír ie n d

tow n dovvn 4 H e sa id h e found som e c a n d y insent, sen d th e d e sk d raw e r

Le$s#n 23 THE ENGL1SH C+NS®NANTS /k/ + / g /

I D ESC R IPTIO N

1 A voiceless velar stop

2 It is íorm ed by raisin g the back of the tongue to touch the soft palate

3 The vocal cords are not made to vibrate

a K (or CK) (regulation): king, back

b K is silen t w hen in itial and before n, as in knee, knock, know, knight, knowledge, kneel

D ơ

/g/

v e la r /k, g/

c (except b eĩo re e, i or y): c a rt, come, cut, act, m usic

d CH (som e w orđs): c h a ra c te r /kaérikta/, sto m ach /stÁm ak/, c h e m ist,

b G (com m on): get, give

c X —> /gz/ beíore a s tre s s e d vowel (except in w o rd s b e g in n in g w ithEXC)

E x : exáct, exám ine

BUT: excep t /ìk sé p ư , ex ercise /e k s a s a iz /

III PRACTICE

/ k ỉ /ky /g/

S e n te n c e s :

1 C an you come a t six o’clock?

2 I íike eggs, bacon, biscuits and coíĩee for breakíast

3 W e’ll have to get to g eth er another tinie

4 I got it caught in th e garden gate

Lesson 24 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /ĩ/ & /v/

1 /f/

- F (regularV fm e, o íĩ

- P H (regular): philo so p h y /filó s 3 fi/

- GH (a few w ords): lau gh, d ra u g h t /d ra :fư , cough, rough, enou g h NB: lie u te n a n t /le íté n s n t/

2 /v/

- V (regular): vívid

F (sin g le word): of /ov/, (w eak /av/)

P H (single word): n ep h ew /n é v ju :/, also /n é fju :/, S te p h e n /stí :vn/