Ngữ pháp tiếng anh dành cho học sinh phổ thông

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND SIMPLE PAST TENSE 1. Simple present: a) Đ ng t th ngộ ừ ườ : I, you, we, they → do He, she, it → does Ex: The sun rises in the east She doesn’t cook every day. Do they often visit their aunt? b) Đ ng t “To BE” ộ ừ : I → am He, she, it → is You, we, they → are Ex: English is the international language. She isn’t at home now. Where are you from? Dùng đ di n đ tể ễ ạ :  thói quen hi n t iệ ạ EX: Mary often goes to school by bicycl Các tr ng t th i gian đi v i thì hi n t i đ nạ ừ ờ ớ ệ ạ ơ :  câu phát bi u t ng quát, s th t hi n nhiên, chân lý EX: ể ổ ự ậ ể The sun rises in the East  Di n t m t s vi c s x y ra theo th i gian bi u ho c ch ng trình, k ho ch đã đ nh theoễ ả ộ ự ệ ẽ ả ờ ể ặ ươ ế ạ ị th i gian bi u.ờ ể Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning.  c m giác tr ng thái hi n t iả ạ ở ệ ạ Các đ ng t ch tr ng thái c m giác, c m xúc, giác quan, s h uộ ừ ỉ ạ ả ả ở ữ : Ex: I think you are right. (but: I’m thinking of this exercise) Your hands feel cold. (but: I’m feeling cold) At present he has three cars. KĐ: S + V 1 (s /es) PĐ: S + do / does + not + V 1 NV: Do / Does + S + V 1 …? KĐ: S + am / is /are + adj …. PĐ: S + am /is / are + not + adj … NV: Am / is / are + S + adj …? feel * (c m th y)ả ấ - seem ( d ng nh ) ườ ư - look * (trông có v )ẻ be (thì là )ở - think * (nghĩ là) - have (có) = possess (s h u) = ở ữ own know (bi t)ế - understand ( hi u)ể - forget (quên) remember (nh )ớ - like (thích) - hate (ghét) - every (day/ week / month/ year) - Three times a week, twice a month, once a week, from time to time… - as a rule - always (luôn luôn) - usually ( th ng xuyên)ườ - often (th ng)ườ - sometimes = occasionally = at times (th nh tho ng)ỉ ả - seldom (ít khi) - rarely (hi m khi)ế - normally (thông th ng)ườ - never (không bao gi )ờ - all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times - seldom (ít khi) rarely (hi m khi)ế Tuthienbao.com * Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o,sh,x,ch,s,z 2. Simple past: a) Đ ng t th ng:ộ ừ ườ Ex: Columbus discovered South America in 1492. We saw him yesterday. The boy used to play football. b) Đ ng t “To beộ ừ ” Ex: It was hot yesterday. They were on business last week. Cách dùng:  hành đ ng x y ra th i gian rõ ràng trong q kh .ộ ả ở ờ ứ Tom went to Paris last week.  Di n t m t hành đ ng di n ra su t m t kho ng th i gian trong q kh , nh ng nay đã hồnễ ả ộ ộ ễ ố ộ ả ờ ứ ư tồn ch m d t.ấ ứ She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher.  Thói quen trong q kh .ứ I used to play football when I was a little boy. Các tr ng t đi v i thì QKĐạ ừ ớ : B. Exercises Exercise 1: Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense. 1. I ………………………….(eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day. 2. These boys often ……………….………(play) football at weekends. 3. It …………………… (rain) in the winter. 4. She ……………………………….(go) to school three days a week. 5. My little boy often …………… …………(watch) cartoon film. 6. She ………………………… (study) English very well. 7. My father often ……………………………(play) tennis in the morning. 8. Ann ……………………………… (speak) German very well. Exercise 2: Put “DO or DOES” into the following sentences to make questions 9………. the students study hard every day? → …………………………………………………………….………… 10……… Mr. Brown go to his office every day? → ……………………………………………………………………… 11……… you want cream and sugar in your coffee? → ………………………………………………………… …………. 12….…….the children go to bed very early? → ……………………………………………………………………… 13 ……. …that girl come from South Africa? KĐ: S + V 2 … PĐ: S + did not + V 1 … NV: Did + S + V 1 …? KĐ: S + was/ were + adj PĐ: S + was/ were + adj NV: Was/ Were + S + adj…? - Yesterday : hơm qua - last week / month / year : tu n / tháng / năm tr c ầ ướ - Two weeks ago : 2 tu n cách nayầ - In 1995 : năm 1995 - When S was young/ little boy Tuthienbao.com → …………………………………………………………….……… 14…………you know that Italian student? → ……………………………………………………………… …… 15…………Miss Lan prefer coffee to tea? → …………………………………………………………… ……… 16…………your English lessons seem very difficult? → …………………………………………………………… ……… Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the simple past tense. 22. He …………………………….…(live) in London last year. 23. He ……………………… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985. 24. They ………………………… (sell) their house several days ago. 25. When…………….…you ………….… (see) her ? 26. ………………… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came. 27. She ………………….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday. 28. I …………………… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning. 29. I……………………… …… (study) music when I was at school. 30. They ……………………………… (sell) their house last year. 31. They ………………………….…(walk) to the corner two days ago. 32. Professor . ………………………….…(teach) another class last year. 33. We ………………………….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000. 34. He ……………………………… … (meet) his friends some days ago. 35. We ……………………….…….(speak) to our friends last week. Exercise 4: Make intergotive and nagative form from these sentences. 36. Jack went to the shop. → ………………………………………………………………………………… ? → ………………………………………………………………………………… 37. He bought some eggs. → ………………………………………………………………………………. ? → ……………………………………………………………………………… 38. He took off his hat. → ………………………………………………………………………………. ? → ……………………………………………………………………………… 39. Joe fell and hurt his arm. → ………………………………………………………………………………….? → ……………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 5: Put (DID , WAS or WERE ) into the brackets. 40. Where …………………………… you born? Where ………………… ….…… your mother born? 41. When ………………….………………………………………… you start school? 42. How many schools ………………………………………………………………….you go to ? 43. What ……………………………………………………………. your favourite subject? 44. Where …………… you live when you ………………………….……… a child? 45. ………………………………………………………………… they live in a house or a flat? Exercise 6: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences. 46. I was late for school this morning because my alarm clock didn’t ……… A. go on B. go off C. go away D. go up 48. I was born and grew up on the ……………… of the Red River. A. shops B. restaurants C. offices D. banks 49. Mr. Lam goes to work on foot once a week. It means he ………… walks to work. A. never B. sometimes C. often D. usually 50. My aunt is a ……………. teacher. A. history B. historic C. historical D. historian 51. “……………… do you get to school ?” “ By bike.” A. What B. How C. How often D. How far 52. When I was a child, I usually ………… fishing with my brother. A. go B. went C. gone D. use to go 53. We ………………… dinner at home on Saturdays. A. haven’t had B. didn’t had C. aren’t have D. don’t have Tuthienbao.com 54. Are you contented ………………… your present job, Mrs. Tuyet? A. to B. for C. with D. of 55. What time is the flight ………………… to arrive? A. due B. plan C. thought D. bound Exercise 7: Choose the best answer. 1. Water at 100 degree Centigrade. A. boil B. boils C. boiling D. is boiling 2. George ____________ to the movies very often. A. not go B. don’t go C. doesn’t go D. not to 3. How many languages ____________? A. do you speak B. are you speak C. are you speaking D. will you speak 4. The swimming pool at 9.00 am and ____________ at 6.30 pm A. open/ close B. opens / closes C. opens/ close D. open / closes 5. I____________ your telephone number. A. not know B. don’t know C. don’t knew D. am not knowing 6. Bad students never ____________ hard A. works B. work C. are working D. is working 7. Those children ____________for 2 hours every afternoon. A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. are sleeping 8. Light ____________ faster than sound. A. travels B. travels C. travel D. is travelling 9. He usually____________ his work before 5 o’clock A. finish B. finishes C. is finishing D. finishing 19. They ____________to Ha Long for their last summer vacation. A. go B. are going C. was going D. went 20. She ____________ to brush her teeth yesterday. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. was forgetting 21. Ba ____________his room yesterday afternoon. A. clean and tidy B. cleaned and tidied C. cleaned and tidy 22. Why____________ you come yesterday? A. can not B. can’t C. don’t D. couldn’t WH-QUESTION A. PH N LÝ THUY TẦ Ế I. Question words used as subject. ( T đ h i dùng làm ch t )ừ ể ỏ ủ ừ Wh-question V O ? Who teaches you English every day? # Who do you teach English every day? II. Question words use as objects or modifiers.(T đ h i dùng làm tân ng ho cừ ể ỏ ữ ặ b ng ) ổ ữ Wh-question aux.V S Vm O ? Aux. V: auxiliary verb tr đ ng tợ ộ ừ Vm: main verb đ ng t chínhộ ừ L u ý:ư Đ i v i thì nào thì m n tr đ ng t t ng ng. Đ i v i đ ng t khi m khuy t (ố ớ ượ ợ ộ ừ ươ ứ ố ớ ộ ừ ế ế can, could, may, shall, should) thì ta m n đ ng t khi m khuy t làm tr đ ng t .ượ ộ ừ ế ế ợ ộ ừ Question words To ask about Example Who H i v ng iỏ ề ườ Who is your English teacher? What H i ng i, v t, s vi c, sỏ ườ ậ ự ệ ự ki n ệ What happened last night? Where H i n i ch nỏ ơ ố Where do you live? When H i th i gianỏ ờ When did you buy this book? Which H i s ch n l aỏ ự ọ ự Which class do you like? Why H i lý doỏ Why were you late? Whose H i s h uỏ ở ữ Whose pen is this? How H i cách th c, ch t l ngỏ ứ ấ ượ How old is she? • What:  What…be (look) like? H i v s miêu t : ỏ ề ự ả What is the weather like in Ha Noi?  What + noun (color, subject, kind of, size…) H i v chi ti t: ỏ ề ế What color is it?  What time H i th i gian c th ỏ ờ ụ ể What time do you often get up? • How + Adj/Adv H i v m c đ tính ch t: ỏ ề ứ ộ ấ How deep is this river?  How far H i v kho ng cách ỏ ề ả  How long H i đ dài / th i gian: ỏ ộ ờ How long have you been staying here?  How many/much H i v s l ng: ỏ ề ố ượ How many students are there in the class?  How often H i v đ th ng xuyên: ỏ ề ộ ườ How often do you go to the cinema? Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences. 1. Miss Phuong went home early. → Why ……………………… …….……………………………… …? 2. I met Phong’s father . → Who …………………………… ………………………… ……… ? 3 . they wanted something . → What ………………………………… …………………… … ………? 4. The machine cost a lot of money. → How much money …………………………………………… …….…………? 5. The meeting finished at 7 o’clock. → What time …………………… …………………… … ……………… ? 6. My aunt and uncle live in Chicago. MWhere 7. We often have dinner at 7:00 pm. W What time 8. I am reading an English book at the moment. What 9. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school. I How long 10. She speaks English very fluently. SHow 11. I have written over twenty novels. I How many 12. This street is twenty kilometers long. THow long 13. I spent 10 dollars on this shirt. I How much 14. I have been learning English for 5 years. I How long 15. She will be married to a rich man. S Who 16. Tom goes to the library twice a week. T How often 17. I went to school late because I missed the bus. Tuthienbao.com Why 18. She is a doctor. What 19. They were watching a game show. What 20. He like studying Math. HWhat subject 21. The weather is very nice in this country. What 22. She wanted to become an English teacher. SWhat 23. They are cutting trees in the forest for wood. For what 24. They are coming to visit tomorrow. TWhen 25. He is going to work right now. HWhere 26. She talked to him for an hour. S How long Exercise 3: Make questions from the words given. 17. does / what time / get up / she → ………………………………………….… ………………… ? – At seven o’clock. 18. for / does / have / breakfast / she / what →………………………………………… …… ……………? – A bread and an egg. 19. to work / she / does / go / how → ………………………………………… ………….………… ? – By bus. 20. she / does / what / in the evening / do → ………………………………………… …… ………… ? – She watches television. 21. bed / time / does / go to / what / she → …………………………………………………………… ? – At nine o’clock. I. Đ ng t đi v i gerundộ ừ ớ : admit : th a nh n ừ ậ anticipate : li u tr c ệ ướ appreciate : đánh giá cao avoid : tránh be worth : đáng (đ c)ượ can’t help : không th tránhể complete : ho n thành ả consider : xem xét, can nh c ắ defer : hoãn l iạ delay : trì hoãn deny : ph nh nủ ậ dislike / detest : không thích dread : sợ encourage : khuy n khích ế enjoy : thích escape : thoát kh iỏ fancy : thích finish : hoàn thành involve : bao g m, liên quanồ keep : ti p t cế ụ mind : ng iạ postpone : trì hoãn practise : luy n t pệ ậ resent : ph t ý, oánậ recollect : h i t ngồ ưở risk : li u lĩnhề spend : dùng, trãi qua suggest : g i ý, đ nghợ ề ị tolerate : ch u đ ng, tha thouị ư understand : hi u ể forgive : tha thứ encourage : khuy n khíchế imagine : t ng t ngưở ượ mention : đ c p ề ậ miss : b lỏ ở It’s no use / good : Vô ích to look forward to : mong, đ iợ can’t bear / stand : không th ch u đ cể ị ượ have difficulty / trouble: có v n đ , g p khóấ ề ặ khăn Các gi i t : on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with….ớ ừ Ex: She admitted stealing his money. This job involves meeting people. Do you enjoy going to the beach? II. Nh ng đ ng t sau đ c s d ng v i hai c u trúc:ữ ộ ừ ượ ử ụ ớ ấ V + Ving V + object+ to V 0 He doesn’t allow smoking in his house. He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house. III. Đ ng t theo sau là Ving hay to-infinitive: (Không thay đ i nghĩa)ộ ừ ổ begin / start : b t đ uắ ầ can’t bear : không th ch u đ ngể ị ự can’t stand : không th ch u đ ngể ị ự continue : ti p t cế ụ dread : kinh sợ hate : ghét like : thích love : yêu neglect : l làơ prefer : thích h nơ Ex: She began working / to work on the project. IV. Đông t theo sau là Ving ho c to-infinitive: (thay đ i nghĩa)ừ ặ ổ Forget: quên Don’t forget to send me a postcard. (quên đ làm)ể I will never forget working with you. (quên đã làm) Remember: nhớ Remember to do your homework. (nh đ làm)ớ ể Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nh đã làm)ớ Stop: ng ngư He stopped to smoke when he was driving. ( ng ng đ làm)ư ể Try + to-inf : c g ngố ắ Try + Ving : th ử We tried to win the game, but we failed. Have you ever tried windsurfing? Mean + to-inf: mu nố Mean + Ving: nghĩa là I mean to take a trip to Canada. A trip to Da Lat means spending much money. Regret + to-inf : r t ti c ấ ế Regret + Ving : h i h n ố ậ We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted. He regrets not going to her friend’s birthday party. V. Đ ng t theo sau các đ ng t ộ ừ ộ ừ döôùi ñaây là V 0 : Make: khi nế Let: cho phép My mother makes me study. They let him go. Advise recommend encourage Allow permit Have: nhờ Help: giúp đỡ Used to : Had better Would rather….(than) I had him wash my car. Advertising helps (to) sell more products. She used to help me when I lived in Dalat in 1997 You had better come back home and take a rest. we would rather die than be slaves I'd rather walk than take a bus VI. Theo sau đ ng t ch giác quan là to V ho c Vộ ừ ỉ ặ 0 see hear + O + Ving smell notice When I came home I had seen someone opening the door see hear + O + V 0 smell notice I noticed an old man cross the street VII. Động từ đi sau các động từ dưới đây thường ở dạng to V 0 Agree Offer Decide Appear Ask Would prefer Remind Enable Want Refuse Attempt Plan Seem Expect Would like Warn Teach Learn Promise Manage Arrange Pretend Mean Dare Force Persuade Tell Threaten Fail Hope Afford help tend Invite get Order Exercise 1: Underlined the correct answer. 1. I’m looking forward to ……………………….you at Christmas. ( see/ seen/ seeing ) 2. Litter boys like ………………………. trees. ( climb/ climbing/ have climbed ) 3. Mr.Ha decided …………………… … his new suit .(wearing/ to wear/ wear ) 4. Some people are used to ……………… …. in crowded buses. (standing/ stand/ stood ) 5. I dislike ………… …………………. on the subway. ( to ride/ riding/ ride ) 6. I enjoy ………………………. with Miss Phuong. (to study/ studying / studied ) 7. Students must practice …………………………… …….(to use/ using / use ) 8. Hoa and Lan have stopped ……………….to each other. (to talk/ talking/ talks) 9. He is learning (play) ………………………… piano. 10. She asked me (give) …………………………… her my book. 11. He demanded (know) …………………………….who is responsible. 12. I expect (enter) …………………………………………graduate school. 13. I didn’t mean (hurt)……………………………….your feelings. 14. I need (have)………………………………….your opinion. 15. We are preparing (have)…………………………a party. 16. Please remember (lock) ……………………………… the door when you go away. 17. Nobody noticed John (enter)……………………… the room. 18. You had better (go) ………………………………to bed early. 19. People should (stop)………………………………… letter rubbish into rivers. 20. You needn’t (spend) ………………………………money on these things. 21. He made me (do) ………………………………………it over again. 22. Before (give) ______________evidence you must swear (speak) ______________the truth. 23. I tried (persuade) ____________________him (agree) ___________________with your proposal. 24. Your windows need (clean) _____________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you. 25. Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught. 26. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught. 27. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter. 28. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________. 29. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________. 30. People used (make) ___________________fire by (rub) _________________two sticks together. 31. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). 32. If you go on (let) ______________your dog (chase) _____________________cars he will end by (be) _____________________run over. 33. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven. 34. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once. 35. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque. 36. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office. 37. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months. 38. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine. 39. I have no intention of (go) _____________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my favorite actress in such dreadful part. 40. I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the police (look) _____________for him. 41. After (hear) ____________the conditions I decided (not enter) ____________for the competition. 42. Some people seem (have) ___________the passion for (write) _____________to the newspapers. 43. He expects me (answer) __________by return but I have no intention of (reply) __________at all. 44. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) ____________anything. 45. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it. 46. There is no point in (remain) _____________in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) _____________the people who have (stay) _____________ there. 47. The horse won’t be well enough (run) _____________in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have) _____________recovered from his long journey. 48. At first I enjoyed (listen) _____________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) _____________the same story again and again. 49. He’s expecting ……………………………… (make) a trip to Ha Long Bay. 50. Students stopped ………………………(make) noise when the teacher came in. 51. Ann likes ………………………… (cook) but hate … …………………… (wash) uprcise 52. Do you agree ………………………….(lend) me some money? 53. My parents decided ………………………… (take) a taxi because it was late. 54. My watch keeps ……………………… (stop) I enjoy …………………………… (listen) to classical music. PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT TENSE I. Present Perfect: Ex: Ms Mai has already finished the work. We haven’t seen him recently. Have you ever been to Canada? Cách dùng:  Hành đ ng v a m i x y ra.ộ ừ ớ ả I have just seen my sister in the park.  Di n t m t hành đ ng l p đi l p l i nhi u l n trong quá kh mà không bi t r th i gian cễ ả ộ ộ ậ ậ ạ ề ầ ứ ế ỏ ờ ụ th trong quá kh . Hành đ ng có th ti p t c x y ra hi n t i và t ng lai.ể ứ ộ ể ế ụ ả ở ệ ạ ươ I have seen that film several times.  Di n t m t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh kéo dài đ n hi n t i và có th x y ra trong t ngễ ả ộ ộ ả ứ ế ệ ạ ể ả ươ lai. Mary has lived in this house for ten years.  Di n t m t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh mà không r th i gian.ễ ả ộ ộ ả ứ ỏ ờ I have lost my keys.  Di n t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh mà k t qu v n còn hi n t i ( hành đ ng đã hoàn t tể ả ộ ả ứ ế ả ẫ ở ệ ạ ộ ấ tr c hđ hi n t i ).ướ ở ệ ạ He has had lunch. (He is full now.)  Di n t 1 hành đ ng ch a x y ra.ễ ả ộ ư ả KĐ : S + has/have + V 3 PĐ : S + has/have + not + V 3 NV : Has/Have + S + V 3 ? I have not made any important decision yet  Di n t m t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh và ch m d t ngay lúc nóiễ ả ộ ộ ả ứ ấ ứ Our teacher has given three execisrs so far Các tr ng t và gi i t đi v i thì HTHTạ ừ ớ ừ ớ : 8. Present perfect continuous : Ex: I have been waiting for you for nearly an hour. Gi ng nh thì HTHT nh ng nh n m nh tính liên t c.ố ư ư ấ ạ ụ 9. Past Perfect: Ex: We had finished school before 1990. They had studied English before they began to go to work. Cách dùng:  1 hành đông ch m d t tr c 1 hành đ ng khác trong quá kh .ấ ứ ướ ộ ứ  Hành đ ng ch m d t tr c 1 th i di m trong quá kh .ộ ấ ứ ướ ớ ể ứ Các t đi v i thì QKHT:ừ ớ o QKHT + before + QKĐ o QKĐ + after + QKHT o QKĐ + as soon as + QKĐ/ QKHT o QKĐ + until + QKĐ/ QKHT o ngay khi ….thì, v a m i …. thìừ ớ S + had no sooner + V 3 + than + S + V 2 hardly + V 3 + when + S + V 2 barely scarcely Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him. = no sooner had He come home than the boss rang him. I had hardly locked the door when he came. = hardly had I locked the door when he came. Ex: No sooner had we gone out than it began to rain. Hardly had he gone to bed when he heard a shot. Ex: He got a job after he had finished high school. Exercise 1 : Put the verb in brackets into correct tenses : simple past, past perfect and present perfect 1. I ………………… ……… …….a great film yesterday. (see) 2. ……… ………… ……a new car? (you ever buy) KĐ : S + has/have + been + ving PĐ : S + has/have not + been + ving NV : Has/Have + S + been + ving ? - recently = lately : g n đây ầ - in the last few years : trong vài năm qua - already :đã - for a long time : đã lâu - for ages : đã nhi u nămề - just : v a m i ừ ớ - until now = up to now = up to the present = so far : cho đ n nayế - (not) … yet : ch aư - never : ch a bao giư ờ - ever : đã t ngừ - before : tr c (đây)ướ - Since, for : k t khi, đã đ c ( th i gian)ể ừ ượ ờ KĐ : S + had + V 3 PĐ : S + had not + V 3 NV : Had + S + V 3 ? [...]... sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn Where được thay thế cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there Do you know the country where I was born?  Why: Why là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do Why thay cho for which Relative pronoun Noun replaced (Đại từ quan hệ) (Danh từ được thay thế) Who Danh từ chỉ người Functions (Chức năng) Làm chủ từ Whom Danh từ chỉ người Làm tân ngữ Which Danh từ chỉ vật Làm chủ từ hoặc tân Danh... Whose: Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu Whose đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh từ Whose ln đi kèm với một danh từ John found a cat whose leg was broken • Relative adverbs  When: When là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian When được thay cho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then May Day is a day when people hold... người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Whom làm tân ngũ có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định That is the girl whom I told you about  Which: which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật để làm chủ từ hay tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó Which làm tân ngư có thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định Which còn thay thế cho cả một mệnh đề... năng) Làm chủ từ Whom Danh từ chỉ người Làm tân ngữ Which Danh từ chỉ vật Làm chủ từ hoặc tân Danh từ chỉ người,vật, thay thế cho ngữ Làm chủ từ hoặc tân which,whom,who ngữ trong mệnh đề hạn định Tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách Làm chủ từ hoặc tân that whose ngữ Exercise 6: Choose the best answer 1 The paintings _are marked with small red dot have already been sold a which b who c whose d whom... cả một mệnh đề đứng trước Mary is late for school today, which is an strangeness The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful This is the book which I like best  That: That là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật That có thể được dùng thay cho who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định This is the book that I like best That ln được dùng sau các danh từ hổn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật), sau... already / school / have / the / in / our / since / language / 1990 / studied …………………………………… ………………… ……………………………………… 44 Have / yet / you / London / visited ………………………………… …………………… ……………………………………… 45 Have / Scotland / you / yet / been / to ………………………………… ……………………… …………………………………… III Relative pronouns • Relative pronouns  Who: who là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để làm chủ từ cho động... also / great poet -……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 he / devote / all / life / country’s independence / freedom -……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 during / schooldays / he / educate / by father / scholar / village school teacher -……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 he / so brilliant / that / get / Doctor’s degree / age / twenty -……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 he / help... C of D with 56 You can relax with computer games or by listening to ……….music A computer – played B computers – played C computer - playing D computers – playing 57 Quoc Hoc High School, ……… we are studying, is a famous school in Vietnam A which B that C where D in where 58 My father has bought me an …………….computer A economical B electrical C electric D electronic 59 This is the last time I ……….an... temporarily………………… …the bad weather 4 They visited their friends often ……………………they enjoyed their company 5 Paul can’t go to the football game ……………………………his grades 6 Marcella was awarded a scholarship……………….her superiors scholastic ability 7 Nobody ventured outdoor ……………………… the hurricane warning 8 We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains ………… the air is purer there 9 We have to drive around the bay... - The + Adj, Used To + Infinitive, Which  As A Connector I The + adjective • Phần lí thuyết The + adjective được dùng như một danh từ để chỉ một nhóm và có nghĩa số nhiều They are going to build a new school for the blind The rich are not always happy II Used to • Phần lí thuyết Form: used to Vo Use: Dùng để diễn tả một thói quen, một tình huống trong q khứ mà nay . (Danh t đ c thay th )ừ ượ ế Functions (Ch c năng)ứ Who Danh t ch ng iừ ỉ ườ Làm ch tủ ừ Whom Danh t ch ng iừ ỉ ườ Làm tân ngữ Which Danh t ch v từ ỉ ậ Làm ch t ho c tânủ ừ ặ ngữ that Danh. quan h ch s h u. Whose đ ng sau danh t ch ng i ho c v t vàệ ỉ ở ữ ứ ừ ỉ ườ ặ ậ thay cho tính t s h u ho c s h u cách tr c danh t . Whose luôn đi kèm v i m t danh t .ừ ở ữ ặ ở ữ ướ ừ ớ ộ ừ John. adverbs  When: When là tr ng t quan h ch th i gian, đ ng sau danh t ch th i gian. When đ c thayạ ừ ệ ỉ ờ ứ ừ ỉ ờ ượ cho at/on/in + danh t th i gian ừ ờ ho cặ then. May Day is a day when people