Môi trường, sức khỏe, an toàn

Chương trình Tư vấn IFC Đơng Á - Thái Bình Dương Hướng dẫn chung Mơi trường - Sức khỏe - An tồn (EHS) Hợp tác Chương trình Tư vấn IFC Đơng Á Thái Bình Dương Hướng dẫn chung Môi trường - Sức khỏe - An toàn (EHS) Tài liệu lưu hành nội Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, s c kho An toàn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U L IM ð U IFC ñang n l c h tr T ng c c Môi trư ng thu c B Tài nguyên Môi trư ng rà soát xây d ng k ho ch năm năm v xây d ng hoàn thi n quy ñ nh tiêu chu n k thu t v môi trư ng Cu n sách S tay Hư ng d n chung v Môi trư ng, S c kh e An tồn đánh d u m t bư c quan tr ng quan h h p tác c a B IFC Cu n S tay nh m cung c p k p th i tiêu chu n k thu t qu c t giúp Vi t Nam xây d ng ñi u ch nh tiêu chu n qu c gia c a phù h p v i tiêu chu n/thông l qu c t Chúng hy v ng cu n sách s đóng góp vào n l c chung c a Vi t Nam hư ng t i s phát tri n kinh t xã h i b n v ng Cu n sách ñư c d ch t cu n Hư ng d n chung v Môi trư ng, S c kh e An toàn c a IFC IFC has been supporting the Vietnam Environment Administration under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in reviewing the country’s environmental standards and in developing a 5-year roadmap for improving or revising national environmental technical standards This Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines Handbook is an outcome of this cooperation and marks an important step forward in the long term partnership between the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and IFC This Handbook provides timely international technical standards to help Vietnam integrate international best practices into its national environmental standards development and update We hope that these efforts would contribute to Vietnam’s overall transformation to sustainable development The Handbook is based on the IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS) Guidelines IFC, m t nh ng t ch c tài phát tri n ñang n l c ho t ñ ng v s ñ u tư phát tri n b n v ng n n kinh t ñang phát tri n, áp d ng tiêu chu n môi trư ng xã h i m i ho t đ ng đ u tư tín d ng c a nh m gi m thi u tác đ ng có h i đ n mơi trư ng c ng ñ ng dân cư Nh ng tiêu chu n môi trư ng xã h i ñư c ñư c quy ñ nh Khung Phát tri n b n v ng c a IFC, bao g m B Tiêu chu n ho t đ ng v Mơi trư ng Xã h i Hư ng d n Môi trư ng, S c kh e An toàn (EHS) Nh ng tiêu chu n ñã ñang ñư c ñánh giá chu n m c b n v ng ñ i v i ho t ñ ng ñ u tư tư nhân toàn th gi i B Tiêu chu n ho t đ ng Mơi trư ng Xã h i (The Performance Standards) quy đ nh vai trị trách nhi m c a khách hàng xây d ng qu n lý nh ng d án nh n ñư c s h tr t IFC B Tiêu chu n ho t đ ng Mơi trư ng Xã h i xúc tác quy t tiêu chu n khác ñang ñư c s d ng tài tr tư nhân s quy t t o m t sân chơi bình đ ng cho t ch c tín d ng M t minh ho c th cho ñ n có 70 t ch c tài áp d ng Nguyên t c Hư ng d n v Mơi trư ng, s c kho An tồn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U Xích đ o (the Equator Principles) - m t b nguyên t c ñư c xây d ng d a B Tiêu chu n ho t đ ng Mơi trư ng Xã h i c a IFC, nh m ñ m b o d án h tài tr đư c th c hi n có trách nhi m v i xã h i s d ng bi n pháp b o v môi trư ng t i ưu nh t Ngun t c Xích đ o ñã tr thành chu n m c tài tr d án tồn c u Ngun t c làm thay ñ i v ch t ph n l n ho t ñ ng tài tr d án th gi i, chi m kho ng 80% t ng tài tr d án Thêm vào đó, 32 t ch c tín d ng xu t kh u thu c nư c thành viên OECD 16 t ch c tài phát tri n Châu Âu s d ng B Tiêu chu n ho t ñ ng Môi trư ng Xã h i c a IFC ñ ñánh giá d án tư nhân ñ u tư IFC hi n ñang l y ý ki n r ng rãi đ rà sốt l i vi c th c hi n B Tiêu chu n ho t đ ng v Mơi trư ng Xã h i nh m ngày nâng cao hi u qu áp d ng c a B tiêu chu n ñi u ch nh cho phù h p v i nh ng xu hư ng m i c a th trư ng th gi i IFC, as the leading development financial institution promoting sustainable private sector investments in emerging markets, applies environmental and social standards to all of its lending activities to minimize and manage potential negative impacts on the environment and on affected communities These environmental and social standards are embodied in IFC’s Sustainability Framework, including the Performance Standards and the EHS Guidelines They are acknowledged as a benchmark for sustainability in private sector investments globally The Performance Standards define clients' roles and responsibilities for managing their projects and the requirements for receiving and retaining IFC support The Performance Standards have catalyzed the convergence of standards for private sector financing and this convergence has leveled the playing field for financial institutions As an example, to date, 70 financial institutions have adopted the Equator Principles, which are based on the Performance Standards, in order to ensure that the projects they finance are developed in a manner that is socially responsible and reflect sound environmental management practices The Equator Principles have become the global standard for project finance The Principles have transformed the funding of major projects around the world, representing 80 percent of global project finance In addition, 32 export credit agencies of the OECD countries and 16 European Development Financial Institutions also benchmark private sector projects against the Performance Standards IFC is currently reviewing its experience in implementing the Performance Standards with a broad stakeholder consultation The review is expected to improve the effectiveness of the Performance Standards and capture new developments and trends in the marketplace B Hư ng d n EHS ñư c Ngân hàng th gi i ban hành ban ñ u v i m c đích cơng c qu n lý ô nhi m cho nhà qu n lý môi trư ng nư c ñang phát tri n Theo th i gian, b hư ng d n ngày ñư c s d ng ph bi n b i nhà l p d án, chuyên gia mơi trư ng - sau đư c coi b Hư ng d n ñư c áp d ng nhi u nh t b i tính th c ti n cao Hi n b Hư ng d n ñã ñư c s d ng, vư t ph m vi d án c a Nhóm Ngân hàng Th gi i, b i t ch c thu c nhi u lĩnh v c khác đ nh ch tài qu c t , nhà l p Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, s c kho An toàn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U sách, nhà s n xu t, nhà nghiên c u c ngân hàng thương m i, ñ c bi t nh ng ngân hàng gia nh p Nguyên t c Xích ð o The EHS Guidelines were first published by the World Bank as a pollution management tool for environmental regulators in emerging markets Over time, the various versions of the industrial sector Guidelines became popular with project developers and consultants, who today consider the Guidelines as de facto international standard Their use extends well beyond World Bank Group operations to a diverse external community, such as other international financial institutions, regulators, industry, academics, and commercial banks, including the international banks that have adopted the Equator Principles Cho ñ n năm 2007, IFC c p nh t l i B Hư ng d n EHS ñ h tr khách hàng (c ngân hàng doanh nghi p) c a th c thi B Tiêu chu n ho t ñ ng Hư ng d n EHS m i m t tài li u hư ng d n k thu t h tr th c thi Tiêu chu n s v Phịng ch ng gi m thi u nhi m B Hư ng d n EHS g m m t hư ng d n chung 63 hư ng d n ngành ðây tài li u ñư c thi t k nh m cung c p ñ n nhà qu n lý ho ch ñ nh sách m t s thơng tin b n v t ng ngành s n xu t nh ng v n ñ k thu t liên quan ñ n qu n lý môi trư ng xã h i c a d án thu c t ng ngành B Hư ng d n khuy n ngh m t s bi n pháp nh m phòng tránh, gi m thi u ki m soát nh ng tác ñ ng ñ n môi trư ng, s c kh e an tồn su t q trình xây d ng, v n hàng ng ng ho t ñ ng c a m t d án hay m t s s n xu t In 2007, IFC updated the EHS Guidelines in order to assist partner banks and enterprises in implementing its (Environmental and Social) Performance Standards The new EHS guidelines are technical documents to be applied consistent with Performance Standard on Pollution Prevention and Abatement The Guidelines include one general guideline plus 63 sector specific guidelines They are designed to assist managers and decision makers with relevant industry background and technical information This information supports actions aimed at avoiding, minimizing, and controlling environmental, health, and safety impacts during the construction, operation, and decommissioning phase of a project or facility Chúng r t vui m ng th y B Tài nguyên Môi trư ng ñã ñang n l c ñưa th c ti n t t c a qu c t vào sách quy đ nh công c qu n lý r i ro môi trư ng xã h i c a Vi t Nam Chúng hy v ng cu n S tay v i hư ng d n chuyên ngành s đóng góp m t ph n vào n l c chung m t tài li u tham kh o h u ích q trình so n th o ban hành quy ñ nh hư ng d n v môi trư ng Chúng hy v ng cu n S tay h u ích cho t t c nhà ñ u tư doanh nghi p nư c hi n ñang ho t ñ ng t i Vi t Nam tài li u tham kh o v chu n m c qu c t v Môi trư ng, S c kh e An tồn xã h i đư c s d ng ph bi n nh t Hư ng d n v Mơi trư ng, s c kho An tồn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U We are very pleased to see that MONRE is taking the lead to promote international best practices in environmental and social risk management and continue developing policy guidelines and tools for implementation We hope this Handbook can contribute to these efforts and serve as a key reference document during the formulation of new environmental and sector specific technical standards We also hope that the Handbook will prove useful for domestic and international investors and manufacturers operating in Vietnam and guide them on international standards in environmental, health and safety IFC s ti p t c h tr B Tài nguyên Môi trư ng b ng kinh nghi m, ngu n l c, ngư i hy v ng th i gian t i, s có nhi u doanh nghi p t i Vi t Nam áp d ng chu n m c qu c t ho t ñ ng s n xu t kinh doanh c a h hư ng t i m t s phát tri n th nh vư ng b n v ng IFC will be here to provide ongoing support to MONRE’s efforts with our knowledge, resources and people and hope to see more and more businesses in Vietnam integrate these standards and principles into their operation towards a sustainable growth Karin Finkelston Giám đ c vùng ðơng Á Thái Bình Dương, T ch c Tài Qu c t (IFC) Nhóm Ngân hàng th gi i Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, s c kho An toàn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U L I NÓI ð U Trong b i c nh bi n đ i khí h u, Vi t Nam có nh ng cam k t m nh m v i c ng ñ ng th gi i vi c n l c th c hi n nh ng chương trình hành đ ng c th nh m gi m thi u ng phó v i tác đ ng c a bi n ñ i khí h u, c i thi n ch t lư ng môi trư ng, hư ng t i m c tiêu v phát tri n b n v ng IFC (International Finance Coporation), m t t ch c thành viên c a Ngân hàng Th gi i, ñã kh i xư ng ñi ñ u vi c đ xu t sách, nh ng tiêu chí c n thi t v mơi trư ng xã h i ñ i v i d án tài tr , nh m b o ñ m l i ích c a bên liên quan, coi tr ng vi c th c hi n m c tiêu v an sinh xã h i b o v môi trư ng Cu n s tay Hư ng d n v Mơi trư ng, An tồn S c kh e (Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines) IFC ban hành v i quy mô áp d ng toàn c u, g m tài li u k thu t tham kh o, cung c p thơng tin tồn di n v khái ni m, ngun t c b n ñ i v i t ng ngành, t ng lĩnh v c c th , nh m đ t đư c nh ng tiêu chí b n v ng v môi trư ng xã h i Các hư ng d n địi h i vi c ñánh giá tác ñ ng c a d án ñ i v i c ng ñ ng, mơi trư ng, tái đ nh cư, đa d ng sinh h c di s n văn hoá trình l p d án, nh n m nh đ n ho t đ ng cơng b thơng tin, tham v n c ng ñ ng khuy n khích s tham gia c a bên liên quan trình l p d án Ngân hàng Th gi i tài tr Có th th y r ng, vi c áp d ng n i dung s tay Hư ng d n v Mơi trư ng, An tồn S c kh e mà IFC ñ xu t m t ho t ñ ng quan tr ng, giúp Vi t Nam th c hi n m c tiêu phát tri n b n v ng b i c nh h i nh p kinh t qu c t bi n đ i khí h u tồn c u M c dù, th i ñi m hi n t i, m t s ch tiêu ñ xu t tương ñ i kh t khe, có th gây khó khăn áp d ng th c t c a Vi t Nam, ñây ti n ñ ñ Vi t Nam th c hi n t t n a nh ng m c tiêu v tăng trư ng kinh t b n v ng, k t h p v i an sinh xã h i b o v môi trư ng Hư ng d n v Mơi trư ng, s c kho An tồn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U Thay m t cho B Tài nguyên Môi trư ng, Tôi xin g i l i c m ơn t i t ch c IFC t p th cán b , nhân viên, nh ng ngư i ñã n l c lao ñ ng sáng t o đ có th cho đ i cu n s tay B Tài nguyên Môi trư ng mong mu n IFC s ti p t c h tr ho t ñ ng h p tác v i ñơn v tr c thu c B , góp ph n vào s nghi p b o v mơi trư ng Vi t Nam nói riêng tồn th gi i nói chung Bùi Cách Tuy n Th trư ng B Tài nguyên Môi trư ng Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, s c kho An toàn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: THI CÔNG VÀ NG NG HO T ð NG h p ch a, thùng ch a, thùng ñ ng, h m ch a ti n ích, b ch a, c ng, ng gi ng vào Mương rãnh có th đư c coi khơng gian h n ch l i vào ho c l i b gi i h n Ngoài hư ng d n cung c p Ph n 2.8 nh ng m i nguy ngh nghi p g n v i khơng gian h n ch vi c đào x i công trư ng xây d ng ng ng ho t ñ ng c n ñư c phòng ng a theo nh ng khuy n ngh sau: • Ki m soát y u t hi n trư ng c th mà có th góp ph n làm m t tính n đ nh sư n d c h đào bao g m, ví d , vi c s d ng s tiêu nư c h ñào, h tr tư ng bên ñi u ch nh ñ d c sư n d c mà lo i b ho c gi m thi u nguy s t đ , b y, ho c ng p chìm • Cung c p phương ti n vào an tồn t vi c đào b d c chia b c, n ñư ng vào chia b c ho c, c u thang thang • Tránh vi c ho t ñ ng c a thi t b cháy cho giai ño n kéo dài khu v c h đào nơi cơng nhân khác đư c yêu c u ñi vào tr khu v c đư c thơng gió m t cách tích c c Các M i Nguy t i Hi n trư ng Khác • Hi n trư ng xây d ng ng ng ho t đ ng có th ñ t m i nguy c a s phơi trư c b i, ch t hóa h c, v t li u d cháy ho c nguy hi m ch t th i k t h p v i d ng khí, ch t r n, ch t l ng mà c n đư c phịng ng a thông qua vi c th c hi n k ho ch c th d án t p qu n lý ng d ng khác bao g m: • S d ng nhân s đư c ñào t o ñ c bi t ñ xác ñ nh lo i b v t li u th i t b ch a, bình ch a, thi t b x lý ho c đ t nhi m bư c ñ u tiên ho t ñ ng ng ng v n hành ñ cho phép ñào, xây d ng, tháo d ho c phá h y an tồn • S d ng nhân s ñư c ñào t o ñ c bi t ñ xác ñ nh lo i b m t cách ch n l c v t li u nguy hi m ti m y u t xây d ng trư c tháo d ho c phá h y bao g m, ví d , y u t cách ly ho c c u trúc ch a amiăng Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), thành ph n n ch a th y ngân.98 • S d ng PPE ñ c thù d a k t qu c a đánh giá an tồn s c kh e ngh nghi p bao g m máy hô h p nhân t o, qu n áo/qu n áo, găng tay b o v b ov m t 98 Thông tin b sung v qu n lý lo i b v t li u xây d ng ch a amiăng có th tìm th y Tiêu chu n ASTM E2356 E 1368 148 Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, s c kho An toàn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: THI CÔNG VÀ NG NG HO T ð NG 4.3 An tồn S c kh e C ng đ ng phương ti n l i cho nh ng c a l n rãnh ho c h ñào ho c kho khóa v t li u nguy hi m M i Nguy Hi n trư ng Chung Các d án c n th c hi n chi n lư c qu n lý nguy ñ b o v c ng ñ ng kh i nh ng m i nguy v t lý, hóa h c ho c m i nguy khác g n v i hi n trư ng xây d ng ng ng ho t đ ng Các nguy có th phát sinh t s xâm ph m vô ý ho c c tình bao g m kh ti p xúc v i v t li u nguy hi m, đ t nhi m mơi trư ng, tịa nhà khác cịn tr ng ho c thi cơng ho c h đào k t c u mà có th đ t m i nguy b y rơi Các chi n lư c qu n lý nguy có th bao g m: • H n ch ñư ng vào hi n trư ng thông qua vi c k t h p bi n pháp ki m sốt hành n i quy v i s t p trung vào nh ng k t c u ho c khu v c có nguy cao, ph thu c vào t ng hi n trư ng c th bao g m hàng rào, bi n báo s truy n thông c a nh ng nguy ñ i v i c ng ñ ng ñ a phương • Lo i b nh ng ñi u ki n nguy hi m v hi n trư ng xây d ng mà không th ki m sốt m t cách có hi u qu v i nh ng h n ch ti p c n đ t c a vào khơng gian h n ch nh đ m b o Phịng ng a B nh Bi n c ngày gia tăng c a b nh truy n nhi m b nh truy n t côn trùng g n v i ho t đ ng xây d ng có th ñe d a nghiêm tr ng s c kh e c a cán b d án ngư i dân c a c ng ñ ng ñ a phương Nh ng khuy n ngh nh m phòng ng a ki m soát b nh truy n nhi m b nh truy n t trùng đư c áp d ng ñ i v i ho t đ ng giai đo n thi cơng đư c cung c p Ph n 3.6 (Phòng ng a B nh) An tồn Giao thơng Các ho t đ ng thi cơng có th d n đ n s tăng ñáng k vi c di chuy n xe c n ng cho vi c v n chuy n v t li u xây d ng thi t b làm tăng nguy tai n n thương t t liên quan đ n giao thơng ñ i v i công nhân dân cư ñ a phương C n gi m thi u tai n n giao thông thi t b /xe c d án thi cơng gây thi công thông qua vi c k t h p giáo d c nâng cao nh n th c, áp d ng quy trình mơ t Ph n 3.4 (An tồn Giao 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World Health Organization, Geneva Zaim, M 2002 Global Insecticide Use for Vector-Borne Disease Control WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2002.2 Communicable Disease Control, Prevention and Eradication, World Health Organization 160 Các hướng dẫn EHS chuyên ngành xuất Ngành Lâm nghiệp Ngành Nơng nghiệp Chế biến nơng sản Ngành Hóa chất Ngành Hạ tầng Ngành Sản xuất tổng hợp Ngành khai thác dầu mỏ Ngành dầu mỏ Ngành lượng Đây tài liệu tham khảo nội Có thể tham khảo phiên gốc Hướng dẫn tiếng Anh http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/EHSGuidelines Tổ chức Tài Quốc tế (IFC) Tầng 3, 63 Lý Thái Tổ, Hà Nội ĐT: + 84 8247892 Fax: + 84 8247898 ifc.org 11/ 2010 ... nguyên Môi trư ng Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, s c kho An toàn (EHS) HƯ NG D N CHUNG EHS: GI I THI U HƯ NG D N CHUNG V MÔI TRƯ NG, S C KH E VÀ AN TOÀN Gi i thi u Hư ng d n v môi trư ng, s c kh e an toàn. .. bi t 2.9 Giám sát S c kh e c ng đ ng an tồn 3.1 Ch t lư ng nư c tính có s n 3.2 An toàn xây d ng c a s h t ng d án 3.3 An toàn cu c s ng an toàn cháy 3.4 An toàn giao thông 3.5 V n chuy n v t li... bên liên quan, coi tr ng vi c th c hi n m c tiêu v an sinh xã h i b o v môi trư ng Cu n s tay Hư ng d n v Môi trư ng, An toàn S c kh e (Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines) IFC ban hành