K\pt luZkn chui y\pu cuia cu^pn sagch lah, th\p giTgi XlavT kh^ng RVTkc Zpn Rdnh R\r R^ri mTgi vah canh tZn nhZn loaki, R\r tam thZpy cagch giaii quy\pt ldch sVi cho toahn nhZn loaki, ma
Trang 11 Trong b^pi cainh toahn cZqu hoag ngahy
nay, nhVjng vZpn R\q vXn hoag, vXn minh
ngahy cahng trTi n\n gZqn guji vah cZpp thi\pt vTgi
RThi s^png con ngVThi Tr\n banh di\kn lyg
luZkn, cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn hoag, vXn minh
ngahy cahng lan truy\qn r^kng raji vah thu hugt
sVk quan tZm cuia kh^ng `t cagc hokc giai S^p
lVTkng Zpn phZrm v\q vZpn R\q nahy RVTkc ddch ra
ti\png Vi\kt trong thThi gian gZqn RZy Raj cho
thZpy roj Ri\qu Rog V` duk, Alvin Toffler vTgi
EFXt soTng thHT ba; Samuel P.Huntington
vTgi SHX va chaXm cuVa caTc nM]n vIn minh;
Thomas L.Friedman vTgi ChiM\c Lexus vaU
cKy N liu, ThM\ giFTi phI[ng; Dominique
Wolton vTgi ToaUn cK]u hoaT vIn hoaT;…
Cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn minh vTgi ldch sVi
kh^ng phaii mTgi xuZpt hi\kn, mah Raj cog ti\qn
R\q, Raj hanh thahnh vah phagt tri\rn tVh lZu
VTgi cagch ti\pp cZkn hanh thagi, C.Magc chb ra
rXmng, phVTng thVgc sain xuZpt lah n\qn taing,
lah cT sTi hak tZqng R\r RThi s^png xaj h^ki t^qn taki
vah phagt tri\rn B^k TH baVn R^q s^k cuia ^ng
ch`nh lah sVk luZkn chVgng khoa hokc cho quan
ni\km nhZkn thVgc duy vZkt ldch sVi, cho cagch
ti\pp cZkn hanh thagi kinh t\p - xaj h^ki TVh m^kt
hVTgng khagc, trong NM]n DaXo DHTc Tin laUnh
vaU tinh thK]n cuVa chuV nghRa tH baVn, Max
Weber Raj chb ra rXmng, vXn hoag vah t^n giago Raj giVj m^kt vai troh quan trokng nhV th\p naho trong sVk hanh thahnh chui nghca tV bain Cog th\r nogi, ch`nh Max Weber Raj gogp phZqn
kh^ng nhoi trong vi\kc hanh thahnh n\n caTch
tiM\p cKXn vIn minh Tuy nhi\n, nhVjng bi\pn
chuy\rn cuia RThi s^png cuhng vTgi ldch sVi phagt tri\rn lyg luZkn laki cho chugng ta thZpy rXmng, kh^ng n\n v^ki vaj khXnng Rdnh cagi nahy mah phui Rdnh cagi kia
Ngahy nay, kh^ng `t cagc nhah nghi\n cVgu, trVTgc ti\n phaii k\r R\pn V.X.Stropin — nguy\n Vi\kn trVTing Vi\kn tri\pt hokc Nga, cho rXmng phaii k\pt hTkp cai hai cagch ti\pp cZkn n\u tr\n tha mTgi hy vokng tam ra RVTkc phVTng cagch R\r giaii quy\pt nhVjng vZpn R\q mTgi, cZpp bagch trong cu^kc s^png ngahy nay HTn nVja, cujng theo V.X.Stropin, ngay trong di sain lyg luZkn cuia C.Magc, chugng ta cujng cog th\r thZpy cai hanh dagng cuia cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn minh TZpt nhi\n, Rog lah m^kt phVTng hVTgng nghi\n cVgu khag hay vah Rohi hoii m^kt sVk RZqu tV th`ch hTkp NhVng, trVTgc ti\n, R\r R\pn RVTkc vTgi R\q tahi Rog, `t nhi\qu, chugng ta phaii tam hi\ru v\q c^ki ngu^qn vah sVk hanh thahnh cuia ti\pp cZkn vXn minh
LLYY LLUU ##NN CCUU!!A A NN IIaa A ANNHHIILLEEVVXXKKII VV$$ CCA ACC LLOOA A##II HHNNHH
VV NN HHOOA A LLCCHH SS!! VVA A YY NNGGHHA A CCUU!!A A NNOO
TTRROONNGG SS## PPHHA ATT TTRRII%%NN XXA A"" HH##II NNGGA A YY NNA AYY
NGUY)N HUY HOA%NG(*)
BaUi viM\t DM] cKXp DM\n mNXt trong nhHWng caTch tiM\p cKXn vIn hoTa, vIn minh, DoT laU lyT luKXn cuVa N.Ia.Eanhilevxki vM] caTc loaXi hPnh vIn hoTa - lSch sHV trong cuN\n “NHFTc Nga vaU chKu Lu” N.Ia.Eanhilevxki gaXt boV nhHWng quan niMXm vM] mNXt tuyM\n DHFUng duy nhK\t trong sHX phaTt triM^n cuVa nhKn loaXi, gaXt boV tH tHFVng cho rIZng lSch sHV laU mNXt sHX tiM\n bNX khNng ngHUng cuVa mNXt lyT trO chung naUo DoT EaTnh giaT cao quan DiM^m lyT luKXn DoT cuVa N.Ia.Eanhilevxki, song taTc giaV baUi viM\t cho rIZng, trong bN\i caVnh toaUn cK]u hoTa hiMXn nay, sHX kM\t hFXp chIXt cheW giHWa caTch tiM\p cKXn hPnh thaTi kinh tM\ - xaW hNXi vFTi caTch tiM\p cKXn vIn hoTa, vIn minh seW laU phHFng caTch tN\t nhK\t DM^ giaVi quyM\t nhHWng vK\n DM] maU thHXc tiM_n Dang vaXch ra.
(*) Ti\pn sc, TrVTing phohng Tri\pt hokc vXn hoga, Vi\kn Tri\pt hokc, Vi\kn Khoa hokc xaj h^ki Vi\kt Nam.
Trang 2Trong cagc c^ng tranh nghi\n cVgu hi\kn
nay, hZqu nhV moki ngVThi R\qu cho rXmng,
Sanhilevxki, Spengler, A.Toynbee vah
Le^nchiev lah b^pn nhah khoa hokc Raj RXkt
n\qn mogng cho cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn minh
NhVng, Ti RZy, chugng t^i chb R\q cZkp R\pn
7/11/1885) — nhah tri\pt hokc Nga RVTkc coi lah
m^kt trong nhVjng ngVThi khai sinh ra cagch
ti\pp cZkn vXn hoag, vXn minh
2 Trong di sain phong phug vah R^q s^k
cuia N.Ia.Sanhilevxki, NHFTc Nga vaU chKu
Lu cog m^kt vd th\p RXkc bi\kt Trong c^ng
tranh R^kc Rago nahy, N.Ia.Sanhilevxki mu^pn
Rem laki m^kt lVTkc R^q mTgi R\r xZy dVkng ldch
sVi _ng Raj gakt boi nhVjng quan ni\km v\q
m^kt tuy\pn RVThng duy nhZpt trong sVk phagt
tri\rn cuia nhZn loaki, gakt boi tV tVTing cho
rXmng ldch sVi lah m^kt sVk ti\pn b^k kh^ng
ngVhng cuia m^kt lyg tr` chung naho Rog Theo
^ng, chb t^qn taki nhVjng n\qn vXn minh ri\ng
bi\kt, sVk phagt tri\rn cuia caTc loaXi hPnh vIn
hoaT - lSch sHV riMng biMXt K\pt luZkn chui y\pu
cuia cu^pn sagch lah, th\p giTgi XlavT kh^ng
RVTkc Zpn Rdnh R\r R^ri mTgi vah canh tZn nhZn
loaki, R\r tam thZpy cagch giaii quy\pt ldch sVi
cho toahn nhZn loaki, mah nog chb lah m^kt loaki
hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi RXkc bi\kt t^qn taki cuhng
vTgi cagc loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi tVTng
RVTng khagc Phaii thVha nhZkn rXmng, cagch
giaii quy\pt nahy Raj khXlc phukc RVTkc nhi\qu
khog khXn trong khoa hokc ldch sVi vah vZsn
cohn giVj nguy\n t`nh cZpp bagch cho R\pn tZkn
ngahy nay Hokc vZpn uy\n bagc cuia tagc giai
cuhng nhVjng tri thVgc v\q khoa hokc ldch sVi c^r
Raki vah cZkn Raki, v\q kinh t\p, xaj h^ki hokc, dZn
t^kc hokc, ch`nh trd hokc vah vXn hokc Raj gogp
phZqn kh^ng nhoi trong vi\kc dZsn dXlt ^ng Ri
tTgi k\pt luZkn Rog Cog th\r nogi, lyg luZkn v\q cagc
loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi cuia Sanhilevxki
lah sVk khai mTi cho cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn minh
vTgi ldch sVi
Chugng ta R\qu bi\pt rXmng, trong nghi\n
cVgu khoa hokc, vZpn R\q phVTng phagp luZkn giVj m^kt vai troh quy\pt Rdnh RXkc bi\kt Trong
NHFTc Nga vaU chKu Lu, Sanhilevxki Raj
duhng lyg luZkn hVju cT lahm cT sTi phVTng phagp luZkn R\r xZy dVkng khagi ni\km “cagc loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi” Va th\p, trVTgc khi R\q cZkp R\pn nhVjng n^ki dung cuk th\r trong lyg luZkn cuia Sanhilevxki, vi\kc tam hi\ru cT sTi phVTng phagp luZkn cuia nog lah Ri\qu cZqn thi\pt
Cog th\r nogi, trong tri\pt hokc cujng nhV trong xaj h^ki hokc vah ldch sVi, Sanhilevxki lah ngVThi k\p tukc vah phagt tri\rn lyg luZkn hVju cT Theo ^ng, phVTng phagp luZkn cuia “cT th\r” cho phegp tako n\n cZpu trugc th\p giTgi quan phi mZu thuZsn R\r thZpu hi\ru tVk nhi\n vah xaj h^ki nhV m^kt phZqn cuia th\p giTgi th^png nhZpt r^qi tVh Rog, rugt ra nhVjng quy luZkt hoakt R^kng vah phagt tri\rn cuia chugng DVka vaho cagi RVTkc goki lah “nguy\n tXlc hanh thagi hokc”,
^ng xem xegt h\k th^png lyg luZkn Rang th^png trd trong khoa hokc ldch sVi lugc Rog vah cho rXmng, nog hoXkc lah nhZn tako, hoXkc lah tVk nhi\n SVThng hVTgng RZqu ti\n, theo Sanhilevxki, lah nhZn tako Raj th\r hi\kn dZpu Zpn ainh hVTing tV duy tV bi\kn cuia Hegel n\n m^ hanh phagt tri\rn cuia chZu [u vZsn thVThng RVTkc xem lah ph^r quagt NgVTkc laki, RVThng hVTgng thVg hai laki c^p gXlng giaii th`ch quag tranh ldch sVi vTgi t`nh khagch quan t^pi
Ra, hanh dung nog nhV m^kt tZkp hTkp cagc hanh thagi sinh hoakt Raj RVTkc cag t`nh hoag sZu sXlc, nhV sVk Ra dakng cuia cagc dZn t^kc Rang t^qn taki m^kt cagch R^kc Rago vah RVTkc xagc Rdnh bTii nhVjng nhZn t^p, nhVjng R^kng lVkc v^pn cog cuia manh Nogi cagch khagc, R^pi lZkp vTgi phVTng phagp luZkn tV bi\kn, trVhu tVTkng cuia Hegel, Sanhilevxki Raj RVa ra m^kt phVTng thVgc giaii th`ch ldch sVi hoahn toahn
khagc: tHU nhHWng DN\i tHFXng cuX thM^, thNng
qua viMXc DN\i chiM\u vaU so saTnh tHFng quan vFTi nhau, dK_n tFTi viMXc giaVi thOch lSch sHV toaUn thM\ giFTi noTi chung Cuk th\r lah, h\k
Trang 3th^png nhZn tako - trVhu tVTkng, trong khi
giaii th`ch ldch sVi, RVa ra “m^kt k\p hoakch
th^png nhZpt”, “m^kt sTki chb dZsn RVThng duy
nhZpt trong sVk phagt tri\rn cuia nhZn loaki” vah
tako n\n m^kt n\qn vXn minh chung duy
nhZpt; trong khi Rog, h\k th^png tVk nhi\n laki
xuZpt phagt tVh sVk t^qn taki cuia cagc n\qn vXn
minh ri\ng bi\kt RVTkc phagt tri\rn m^kt cagch
n^ki taki vah tZpt nhi\n lah, trong sVk tVTng tagc
qua laki vTgi nhau
Uv Nga, lyg luZkn hVju cT Raj cog m^kt quag
tranh ldch sVi lZu dahi, bao truhm su^pt th\p kyi
XIX vah giVj RVTkc ainh hVTing lTgn trong su^pt
th\p kyi XX Nguy\n tXlc hVju cT Raj ainh
hVTing vah tagc R^kng R\pn tri\pt hokc cuia
Berdiaev, R\pn suy tV cuia Vernadsky, R\pn
nhVjng tV tVTing cT bain cuia “chui nghca vuj
truk Nga” Cog th\r nogi, tri\pt hokc Schelling lah
c^ki ngu^qn trVkc ti\pp cuia cT sTi phVTng phagp
luZkn nahy Bain thZn Schelling Raj k\p thVha,
phukc h^qi vah phagt tri\rn cagch hi\ru th\p giTgi
vTgi tV cagch m^kt chbnh th\r s^png R^kng Raj
RVTkc naiy sinh tVh thThi C^r Raki vah RVTkc duy
tra qua thThi Trung c^r PhZn chia sVk t^qn taki
cuia th\p giTgi thahnh cagi hVju cT vah cagi v^ cT,
Schelling Raj lZpy cagi hVju cT, cagi s^png R^kng
lahm cagi thVg nhZpt, cagi khTii nguy\n vah xem
cagi s^png R^kng nahy lah cagi th\r hi\kn trVkc ti\pp
bain chZpt cuia tinh thZqn th\p giTgi — cagi tuy\kt
R^pi Vah ngVTkc laki, ^ng xagc Rdnh cagi ch\pt,
cagi v^ cT lah cagi s^png R^kng Raj bd RTh RZsn, lah
cu^kc s^png Raj bd ki\kt qu\k Cagi ph^r quagt v^pn
cog Ti moki nTi, nhVng trong nhVjng mVgc R^k
t`ch cVkc hay ti\qm nXng khagc nhau, “cagi
khTii nguy\n s^png R^kng” lah bain chZpt cuia cT
th\r s^png th\p giTgi bao g^qm nhVjng b^k phZkn
t`ch hTkp - cagc cT quan mah m^si m^kt trong
chugng, R\pn lVTkt manh, laki lah cT th\r s^png
ri\ng bi\kt Theo tranh tVk tVh RTn giain R\pn
phVgc takp, tVh cagi RTn nhZpt R\pn cagi chung vah
cagi ph^r quagt, m^si cT quan — cT th\r Zpy laki lah
m^kt sVk t^qn taki ri\ng bi\kt, cag nhZn, lah m^kt
cagi ga Rog nguy\n vekn, duy nhZpt vah tVTng
tVk vTgi cT th\r s^png toahn th\p giTgi Va vZky, tZpt cai “cagc t^r chVgc”, n\pu chugng dVThng nhV cog khagc bi\kt tha Ri\qu Rog kh^ng phuk thu^kc vaho
vd tr` cuia chugng trong tranh tVk, RXnng cZpp, mah chb theo “ngu^qn g^pc vZkt lyg” cuia chugng lah “nhVjng nZpc thang khagc nhau cuia cuhng m^kt cT th\r” NhV vZky, tVk nhi\n nogi chung bao g^qm tinh thZqn th\p giTgi nhV khTii nguy\n vah bain chZpt cuia manh lah Raki vuj truk, cohn tZpt cai cagc cT th\r s^png Ti nhVjng nZpc thang khagc nhau laki tuhy vaho sVk phogng chi\pu cuia cagi tuy\kt R^pi lah ti\ru vuj truk, lah cagc cT quan cuia Raki vuj truk
C^ng tranh NHFTc Nga vaU chKu Lu RVTkc
bXlt RZqu tVh nhVjng suy tV cuia tagc giai v\q m^pi quan h\k cuia chZu [u vTgi nVTgc Nga, vah ngVTkc laki Tagc giai Raj RXkt cZu hoii: “Taki sao chZu [u laki thuh Rdch vTgi nVTgc Nga?” Uv th\p kyi XIX, nVTgc Nga Raj chXnng cVgu chZu [u khoii Nap^leon vah Rem laki tVk do cho nog RZpy sao? NVTgc Nga cujng Raj cVgu nVTgc Phagp khoii sVk xZu xeg cuia chZu [u, Raj cVgu nVTgc Ato khoii sVk sukp R^r tZkn cuhng NhVng,
“ngVThi ta chXnng bao giTh giaing giaii nhVjng bahi hokc ldch sVi nahy” ChZu [u tin rXmng nVTgc Nga lah “m^kt qu^pc gia hi\pu chi\pn kh^rng l^q”, lah m^kt qu^pc gia thVThng xuy\n mTi r^kng lajnh th^r cuia manh nhTh nhVjng cu^kc chi\pn tranh xZm lVTkc NVTgc Nga cujng lah “ngokn lVia cuia agnh sagng vah tVk do” Sanhilevxki Raj phZn t`ch cXkn kej nhVjng vZpn R\q Rog vah k\pt luZkn rXmng, chZu [u kh^ng chb kh^ng hi\ru nVTgc Nga, mah thZkm ch` cohn kh^ng mu^pn hi\ru _ng Raj chb ra nhVjng negt R^kc Rago cuia Rda lyg cuhng vXn hoag
- ldch sVi cuia chZu [u vah cho rXmng, nVTgc Nga kh^ng th\r tragnh khoii vi\kc chZu [u hoag Song, ngVThi chZu [u Raj sai lZqm khi tVk cho manh Raj tako n\n m^kt n\qn vXn hoag hoahn thi\kn nhZpt vah t^kt Rbnh nhZpt mah giTh RZy, cagc nVTgc khagc chb cZqn noi theo vah ph^r bi\pn Theo Sanhilevxki, thZkt ra, Ti chZu [u, ngVThi ta Raj kh^ng chug yg R\pn ba vZpn
Trang 4R\q: 1/ Ti\pn b^k cog khai nXng xuZpt hi\kn cai Ti
ngoahi con RVThng Raj RVTkc hanh thahnh bTii ai
Rog; 2/ CZqn phaii quy Rdnh m^kt cagch ch`nh
xagc cagi ga RVTkc xem lah ti\pn b^k, cagi ga kh^ng
RVTkc xem lah ti\pn b^k; 3/ Cagc hanh thVgc
ch`nh trd RVTkc hanh thahnh bTii m^kt dZn t^kc
cuk th\r lah sVk tVk haho cuia ch`nh dZn t^kc nahy
NhV vZky, m^kt h\k th^png nhZn tako (sain
phZrm cuia lyg tr`) mah kh^ng phaii lah h\k
th^png tVk nhi\n (doji theo cagc sVk ki\kn) Rang
ngVk trd trong ldch sVi Sanhilevxki khXnng
Rdnh rXmng, vi\kc phZn kyh ldch sVi Ti thThi ^ng
lah kh^ng th`ch hTkp, kh^ng n\n chia ldch sVi
thahnh c^r Raki, trung c^r, cZkn Raki, v.v
TiM\n bNX khNng phaVi laU mNXt DHFUng
thI[ng tuyM\n tOnh, mah nog RVTkc phZn ra
theo cagc ki\ru t^r chVgc RVTkc RXkc trVng bTii
sVk Ra dakng vah sVk hoahn thi\kn cuia cagc hanh
thVgc cog nhVjng nZpc thang vah sVk tXng
trVTing ri\ng cuia manh Kh^ng cog m^kt n\qn
vXn minh chung toahn nhZn loaki
Sanhilevxki R\q nghd xem xegt ldch sVi vah
ti\pn b^k qua cagc loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi
_ng vi\pt: “NhV vZky, h\k th^png tVk nhi\n cuia
ldch sVi cZqn phaii nXmm trong sVk khagc bi\kt
cuia cagc loaki phagt tri\rn vXn hoag - ldch sVi”
vah “cagc loaki vXn hoag - ldch sVi nahy, hay
nhVjng n\qn vXn minh R^kc Rago, RXkc sXlc nahy
RVTkc x\pp RXkt theo tranh tVk thThi gian nhV
sau: 1/ Ai CZkp; 2/ Trung Qu^pc; 3/ Atxiri —
Vavilon — Phinhitxki; 4/ [yn S^k, 5/ Iran; 6/
Do thagi; 7/ Hy Lakp, 8/ La Maj; 9/ Aravixki;
10/ Giecmanh — R^man, hay lah chZu [u
Cohn cog th\r li\kt k\ th\m vaho danh sagch hai
loaki hanh chZu Myj: M\pchxich vah P\ru Raj
bd di\kt vong vah kh^ng kdp hoahn thi\kn sVk
phagt tri\rn cuia manh”(1)
Ti\pp Rog, Sanhilevxki chia cagc loaki
hanh k\r tr\n thahnh hai loaki: loaki k\p thVha
(Ai CZkp, Hy Lakp, La Maj) vah loaki bi\kt lZkp
(Trung Qu^pc, [yn S^k) S\r chVgng minh
rXmng sVk phagt tri\rn cuia nhZn loaki traii qua
cagc loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi tr\n,
Sanhilevxki Raj xem xegt m^pi tVTng quan giVja cagi chung cuia nhZn loaki (toahn nhZn loaki) vTgi cagi dZn t^kc (qu^pc gia) vah khXnng Rdnh rXmng, cagi qu^pc gia (dZn t^kc) thu^kc v\q cagi chung toahn nhZn loaki, cujng nhV cagc ph^p phVThng giao nhau vah ch`nh sVk giao nhau nahy Raj tako n\n quaing trVThng mah R\pn lVTkt manh, trong quan h\k vTgi cagc ph^p phVThng, quaing trVThng nahy chb lah m^kt phZqn tako n\n chugng vah thu^kc v\q tZpt cai cagc ph^p phVThng nhV nhau Do vZky, R\r cog th\r tagc R^kng tTgi toahn nhZn loaki, cZqn phaii sVia chVja ph^p cuia manh theo m^kt k\p hoakch ri\ng mah kh^ng Rukng chakm tTgi quaing trVThng chung Theo tV tVTing cuia San-hilevxki, m^kt n\qn vXn minh toahn nhZn loaki lah lyg tVTing kh^ng Rakt RVTkc
Cagc loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi v^pn cog trong manh nhVjng quy luZkt vZkn R^kng vah phagt tri\rn RXkc bi\kt Sanhilevxki Raj chb ra nXm quy luZkt nhV th\p(2) vah dahnh hXnn m^kt chVTng R\r xem xegt chugng
- Quy luZkt 1: M^kt b^k lakc hay m^kt gia Ranh bZpt kyh cuia cagc dZn t^kc RVTkc RXkc trVng bTii ng^n ngVj ri\ng bi\kt hay m^kt nhogm ng^n ngVj gZqn guji vTgi nhau m^kt cagch tVk nguy\kn… tako thahnh m^kt loaki hanh vXn hoag
- ldch sVi R^kc Rago
- Quy luZkt 2: S\r m^kt n\qn vXn minh v^pn thu^kc v\q m^kt loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi cog th\r naiy sinh vah phagt tri\rn, cZqn phaii sao cho cagc dZn t^kc v^pn thu^kc v\q nog RVTkc sVi dukng sVk R^kc lZkp vTgi ch`nh trd
- Quy luZkt 3: CT sTi n\qn taing vXn minh cuia m^si m^kt loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi kh^ng RVTkc trao truy\qn cho cagc dZn t^kc cuia loaki hanh khagc M^si m^kt loaki hanh RVTkc tako ra trong sVk ainh hVTing `t nhi\qu cuia nhVjng n\qn vXn minh xa lak, t^qn taki trVTgc hay cuhng thThi vTgi nog
(1) N.Ia.Sanhilevxki NHFTc Nga vaU chKu Lu.
MagtxcTva, 1991, tr.87-88.
(2) Xem: N.Ia.Sanhilevxki SDd., tr.91-92.
Trang 5- Quy luZkt 4: N\qn vXn minh cuia m^si
loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi chb Rakt tTgi sVk
trokn vekn, sVk Ra dakng vah sVk phong phug khi
vah chb khi cagc nhZn t^p dZn t^kc hokc tako
thahnh nog trTi n\n Ra dakng, chb khi chugng
sej kh^ng bd hZpp thuk bTii m^si mukc R`ch
ch`nh trd R\r tako thahnh li\n bang hay m^kt
h\k th^png ch`nh trd qu^pc gia
- Quy luZkt 5: Quag tranh phagt tri\rn cuia
cagc loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi ngahy cahng
gi^png vTgi cZy lZu nXm mah Ti chugng thThi kyh
trVTing thahnh kego dahi kh^ng xagc Rdnh,
nhVng thThi kyh tr^r hoa vah k\pt tragi laki tVTng
R^pi ngXln vah laki lu^n lahm cakn ki\kt sVgc s^png
cuia chugng
Ch`nh nhVjng quy luZkt nahy Raj Raim
baio cho sVk k\pt tZkp laki cuia cagc hi\kn tVTkng
ldch sVi trTi n\n Rugng RXln vah tuZn theo cagc
quy luZkt cuia h\k th^png tVk nhi\n Cujng
ch`nh va th\p, sVk phagt tri\rn cuia nhZn loaki
kh^ng th\r Ri theo m^kt con RVThng naho khagc
bXmng cagch th^ng qua sVk phagt tri\rn cuia cagc
loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi R^kc Rago tVTng
Vgng vTgi cagc b^k t^kc vc Raki
3 Ngay tVh khi mTgi RVTkc c^ng b^p, NHFTc
Nga vaU chKu Lu cuia N.Ia.Sanhilevxki Raj
lahm dZpy l\n nhVjng yg ki\pn vah thagi R^k khagc
nhau N\pu nhV Xtarakhov vah Le^nchiev
hZn hoan ti\pp nhZkn nog, tha Xaloviev laki
ph\ phagn vah mu^pn bagc boi Xaloviev Raj goki
lyg luZkn cuia Sanhilevxki lah “lyg luZkn cuia
loahi boh sagt”, bu^kc t^ki lyg luZkn nahy lahm nhen
nhogm nhVjng m^pi bZpt hoah, hi\qm kh`ch giVja
cagc dZn t^kc RN\t cuNXc thP lyT luKXn cuVa
Eanhilevxki chuV yT muN\n noTi gP?
Eanhilevxki hoaUn toaUn khNng chN\ng laXi
chKu Lu, maU chQ muN\n chN\ng laXi chuV
nghRa chKu Lu trung tKm, chN\ng laXi sHX
quyX luXy vaU bIYt chHFTc chKu Lu Theo Nng,
tNXi lN_i lFTn nhK\t laU viMXc DaTnh mK\t baVn sIYc
cuVa dKn tNXc.
TVh nhVjng nXm cu^pi th\p kyi XX tTgi nay,
sVk phagt tri\rn cuia nhZn loaki Raj bVTgc vaho
m^kt b^pi cainh mTgi — b^pi cainh toahn cZqu hoag Trong b^pi cainh Zpy, cuhng vTgi bi\pt bao nhVjng sVk ki\kn lTgn xaiy ra, m^si m^kt qu^pc gia, m^si m^kt dZn t^kc laki lu^n tVk hoii: xZy dVkng vah phagt tri\rn xaj h^ki nhV th\p naho RZy? Trong sVk chZkt ch^ki cuia tragi RZpt beg nhoi, sVk va chakm vah Rukng R^k cuia tham vokng vah cag t`nh cuia cagc qu^pc gia, dZn t^kc khagc nhau kh^ng chb trong lyg luZkn mah cai trong RThi s^png hi\kn thVkc hahng ngahy lah Ri\qu hi\rn nhi\n Uv m^kt mVgc R^k naho Rog, cog th\r nogi, toahn cZqu hoag thVkc chZpt lah sVk phagt tri\rn vah bahnh trVTgng cuia n\qn kinh t\p thd trVThng tV bain chui nghca Ti cZpp R^k toahn cZqu Cuhng vTgi lahn sogng c^ng nghi\kp hoag, hi\kn Raki hoga maknh mej lah nhVjng tham vokng nhZpt th\r hoag moki mXkt cuia toahn th\p giTgi R\r th^png trd toahn cZqu cuia m^kt vahi cVThng qu^pc Cuhng vTgi Rog, chi\pn tranh, khuing b^p… Raj lahm ngVThi ta nhTg R\pn Sanhilevxki trong nhVjng h^ki nghd, nhVjng di\sn Rahn v\q di sain lyg luZkn cuia quag khVg Khagc vTgi cagch ti\pp cZkn hanh thagi kinh t\p - xaj h^ki lah cagch ti\pp cZkn cho rXmng, theo nhVjng quy luZkt n^ki taki b\n trong cuia n\qn sain xuZpt tV bain chui nghca, theo mVgc R^k xaj h^ki hoag ngahy cahng tXng cuia sain xuZpt hahng hoag, nhZpt Rdnh sej xuZpt hi\kn m^kt n\qn vXn minh chung cuia nhZn loaki (bTii sain xuZpt vZkt chZpt Raj th^png nhZpt tha trVTgc sau ga sain xuZpt tinh thZqn cujng phaii th^png nhZpt theo), cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn hoag, vXn minh laki chug yg tTgi bain sXlc vXn hoag cuia m^si loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi Theo nhVjng ngVThi uing h^k cagch ti\pp cZkn nahy, kh^ng cog sVk phagt tri\rn tuy\pn t`nh cuia ldch sVi, kh^ng cog nhVjng giag trd chung, mah chb cog nhVjng loaki hanh vXn hoag - ldch sVi khagc bi\kt cuhng nhau t^qn taki vTgi nhVjng sXlc thagi ri\ng bi\kt cuia manh TZpt nhi\n, giVja cagc loaki hanh nahy vZsn t^qn taki nhVjng m^pi quan h\k qua laki chVg kh^ng phaii lah c^ lZkp nhau hoahn toahn HZqu h\pt cagc nhah nghi\n cVgu vZpn R\q nahy R\qu cho
Trang 6rXmng, Sanhilevxki, vTgi lyg luZkn v\q loaki hanh
vXn hoag - ldch sVi, Raj RXkt n\qn mogng cho
cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn hoag vah vXn minh Ch`nh
tr\n cT sTi nahy, Spengler, A.Toynbee,
Le^nchiev, Friedman, Huntington,
Fukuyamar, v.v Raj ti\pp tukc phagt tri\rn
cagch ti\pp cZkn nahy cho tTgi ngahy nay Hahng
loakt cagc c^ng tranh cuia cagch ti\pp cZkn nahy
Raj RVTkc R^kc giai Vi\kt Nam bi\pt R\pn nhV
tr\n Raj R\q cZkp Cagch ti\pp cZkn vXn hoag, vXn
minh nhXlc nhTi m^si dZn t^kc chTg cog chaky
theo nhVjng cagi RVTkc goki lah mTgi mei, lah hi\kn
Raki mah Ragnh mZpt bain sXlc vXn hoag cuia dZn
t^kc manh MZpt bain sXlc lah kh^ng cohn t^r
qu^pc, kh^ng cohn qu\ hVTng MZpt g^pc r\s tha
sej kh^ng bi\pt Ri v\q RZu trong tVTng lai
VZpn R\q RXkt ra Ti RZy lah, li\ku cog th\r giVj gan
RVTkc bain sXlc vah phagt huy nog trong Ri\qu
ki\kn toahn cZqu hoag ngahy nay?
NhVng, cujng ch`nh ti\pp cZkn vXn hoag,
vXn minh laki cho thZpy rXmng, chugng ta
kh^ng n\n cVkc Roan hay tuy\kt R^pi hoag bain
sXlc cuia vXn hoag dZn t^kc Bain sXlc cujng phaii
lu^n vZkn R^kng vah phagt tri\rn Ch`nh phegp
bi\kn chVgng magcx`t cujng Raj khXnng Rdnh
rXmng, cagc phakm truh cagi chung, cagi ph^r quagt
vah cagi RXkc thuh, cagi ri\ng lu^n nXmm trong
m^pi quan h\k bi\kn chVgng, chuy\rn hoag cho
nhau Do Rog, gan giVj vah phagt huy bain sXlc
cog nghca lah phaii hoah nhZkp R\r phagt tri\rn
manh, nhVng kh^ng RVTkc hoah tan, kh^ng
RVTkc Ragnh mZpt manh, kh^ng RVTkc bXlt
chVTgc m^kt cagch magy mogc, mah phaii sagng
tako Trong sVk hoah nhZkp R\r phagt tri\rn Zpy,
bain sXlc cog nhVjng tagc R^kng t`ch cVkc R\pn quag
tranh hi\kn Raki hoag, toahn cZqu hoag vah ngVTkc
laki, nhTh toahn cZqu hoag vah hi\kn Raki hoag, bain
sXlc vXn hoag cuia dZn t^kc cahng trTi n\n sZu
lXlng hTn, phagt tri\rn hTn Ch`nh va th\p,
trong lyg luZkn phagt tri\rn xaj h^ki ngahy nay,
cagch ti\pp cZkn hanh thagi kinh t\p - xaj h^ki cZqn
phaii RVTkc k\pt hTkp chXkt chej vTgi cagch ti\pp
cZkn vXn hoag, vXn minh Ldch sVi nhZn loaki
Raj cho thZpy kh^ng `t nhVjng minh chVgng v\q vi\kc k\pt hTkp thahnh c^ng cagi RXkc thuh vTgi cagi ph^r quagt, cagi bain sXlc vTgi cagi hi\kn Raki, cagi dZn t^kc vTgi cagi thThi Raki V` duk, cu^kc caii cagch cuia vua Pi^pt R\k nhZpt cuia nVTgc Nga vTgi phVTng chZm c^ng nghi\kp hoag nhVng vZsn giVj truy\qn th^png vah phong tukc tZkp quagn c^r truy\qn Nga; khZru hi\ku c^ng ngh\k phVTng TZy vTgi vXn hoag truy\qn th^png cuia NhZkt Bain; cagch makng Vi\kt Nam Ri tVh thXlng lTki nahy tTgi thXlng lTki khagc cujng lah nhTh lu^n bi\pt k\pt hTkp hai ngokn cTh dZn t^kc vah thThi Raki Trong sVk phagt tri\rn cuia xaj h^ki ngahy nay, kh^ng `t nhVjng suy tV cuia Sanhilevxki Raj hoah nhZkp vaho chui nghca
Ra vXn hoag (multiculturalism) VTgi chui nghca Ra vXn hoag, cagc n\qn vXn hoag R\qu banh RXnng, kh^ng cog sVk cao thZpp, kh^ng cog sVk R^qng hoag, mah chb cog sVk t`ch hTkp, chb cog sVk th^png nhZpt trong Ra dakng Cagc n\qn vXn hoag khagc bi\kt nhau R\qu cog quy\qn t^qn taki vah phagt tri\rn trong nhVjng Ri\qu ki\kn xaj h^ki xagc Rdnh Ch`nh trong sVk th^png nhZpt mah
Ra dakng Zpy, m^si n\qn vXn hoag R\qu tam cagch lahm cho manh phong phug hTn, bain sXlc hTn nhTh cog nhVjng giao ti\pp vah R^pi thoaki vTgi cagc n\qn vXn hoag khagc Vah cujng ch`nh trong sVk giao lVu Zpy, cog lej, sej hanh thahnh n\n m^kt di\kn mako vXn hoag mTgi - n\qn vXn hoag toahn cZqu Chui nghca Ra vXn hoag, R^pi thoaki vXn hoag Raj trTi thahnh bi\ru hi\kn cuia lohng khoan dung trong khung cainh cuia thThi Raki mTgi -thThi Raki toahn cZqu hoag
Ngahy nay, khi mah khoa hokc vah tri\pt
hokc Raj chuy\rn sang hMX hPnh hKXu phi cN^
DiM^n, chugng ta thZpy kh^ng `t nhVjng vZpn
R\q phVTng phagp luZkn cuia Sanhilevxki laki RVTkc nhXlc R\pn vah phagt tri\rn maknh mej Sog ch`nh lah lyg luZkn hVju cT vTgi t\n goki mTgi
singergetic th\r hi\kn t`nh phi tuy\pn, t`nh
mTi, t`nh bZpt Rdnh vah sVk tVk t^r chVgc cuia toahn vuj truk H\k hanh nahy Raj Rem laki m^kt th\p giTgi quan mTgi vTgi nhi\qu tri\rn vokng cho chi\pn lVTkc phagt tri\rn toahn cZqu.