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18. Use the Zoom Previous button to see the full floor plan with all doors (see the image on the right side of Figure 4.51). 19. Save this drawing as Cabin04c.dwg. FIGURE 4.51: The finished sliding glass doors (left) and the floor plan with all doors finished (right) U NDERSTANDING S ELECTION W INDOWS In addition to selecting objects using a direct pick, you can also select objects using a rectangular selection window.To use a selection window at any Select objects prompt, pick a point at a blank spot in the drawing area to define one corner of the window and then a second point to define the opposite corner. Selection windows come in two styles: windows and crossing windows. When you use a window selection, all objects must be entirely inside the boundary of the window to be selected. When you use a crossing window, all objects entirely within the boundary as well as any objects that cross the boundary are selected. AutoCAD distinguishes the two types of selection windows visually. Window selection areas are transparent blue and have solid boundary lines, and crossing windows are transparent green with dashed boundary lines. Chapter 4 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 1122 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 122 By default, AutoCAD uses window selections when the boundary is created from left to right, and AutoCAD uses crossing selections when the boundary is created from right to left.You can override the direction default, or create a selection window even when the mouse is clicked when the cursor is over an object, by typing w↵ or c↵ at the Select objects prompt. You can even use selection windows to select objects to be trimmed or extended. For instance, visualize a horizontal line with dozens of vertical lines crossing it and each of those lines must be trimmed back to the hori- zontal line. After designating the horizontal line as the cutting edge, use a crossing selection window to select all the vertical lines on the trim side. All the lines are trimmed with two picks instead of many. To change settings that control the appearance of the crossing and regular selection windows, choose Tools ➣ Options, and click the Selection tab. In the Selection Preview area, click the Visual Effect Settings button. In the Visual Effect Settings dialog box, in the Area Selection Effect area, are settings for con- trolling whether the selection windows have color in them, which color will be in each window, and the percentage of transparency of the colors. Experiment with different settings. Click OK twice to return to your drawing, and test the windows to see how they look. This completes the doors for the floor plan. The focus here has been on walls and doors and the strategies for drawing them. As a result, you now have a basic floor plan for the cabin, and you’ll continue to develop this plan in the next chapter. The overall drawing strategy emphasized in this chapter uses objects already in the drawing to create new ones. You started with four lines that constituted the outside wall lines. By offsetting, filleting, extending, and trimming, you drew all the walls and openings without drawing any new lines. For the swinging doors, you made two rectangles and two arcs. Then by copying, rotating, and mirroring, you formed the other two swinging doors. For the sliding-glass door, you drew two new lines; then, you used Offset, Trim, and Erase to finish the door. So, you used four lines and created six new objects to complete the walls and doors. This is a good start in learning to use AutoCAD wisely. Throughout this chapter, I have indicated several instances when you can press the spacebar instead of the ↵ key. This can be handy if you keep one hand Creating Doors 123 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 123 resting on the keyboard while the other hand controls the mouse. For brevity, I’ll continue to instruct you to use ↵ and not mention the spacebar; but as you get better at drawing in AutoCAD, you might find the spacebar a useful substi- tute for ↵ in many cases. At other times—when you’re using the Erase tool, for example—right-clicking acts as a ↵ rather than opening a context menu (which will often have Enter as an option). You’ll determine your preference. You can substitute the spacebar for ↵ when handling the following tasks: Ǡ Restarting the previous command Ǡ Ending a command Ǡ Moving from one step in a command to the next step Ǡ Entering a new offset distance or accepting the current offset distance Ǡ Entering relative or absolute coordinates Ǡ Entering an angle of rotation By working with the tools and strategies in this chapter, you now should have an idea of an approach to drawing many objects. In the next chapter, you’ll con- tinue in the same vein, learning a few new commands and strategies as you add steps, a balcony, a kitchen, and a bathroom to the floor plan. If You Would Like More Practice… If you would like to practice the skills you have learned so far, the following are some extra exercises. Creating an Alternate Sliding-Glass Door Here is a simplified version of the sliding-glass door of the cabin. It doesn’t include any representation of the panes of glass and their frames. To draw it, use a technique similar to the one described in the previous section. Copy the jambs for the 7' opening to the right, and draw this door between them. Chapter 4 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 1124 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 124 Creating an Addition to the Cabin This addition is connected to the cabin by a sidewalk and consists of a remodeled two-car garage in which one car slot has been converted into a storage area and an office (see Figure 4.52). Use the same commands and strategies you have been using up to now to draw this layout adjacent to the cabin. Save this exercise as Cabin04c-addon.dwg. FIGURE 4.52: The garage addition Refer to this chapter and the preceding one for specific commands. Here is the general procedure: 1. Draw the two lines that represent the walkway between the two buildings. 2. Draw the outside exterior wall line. 3. Use Offset, Fillet, and Trim to create the rest of the walls and wall lines. 4. Use Offset, Extend, and Trim to create the openings. . If You Would Like More Practice… 125 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 125 5. Use Rectangle and Arc to create a swinging door. 6. Use Copy, Rotate, and Mirror to put in the rest of the doors. 7. Use Offset, Line, and Copy to draw the storage partitions. Drawing Three Views of a Block Use the tools you have learned in the past few chapters to draw the top, right side, and front views of the block shown in Figure 4.53. FIGURE 4.53: The block Figure 4.54 gives you a graphic representation of the 12 steps necessary to complete the exercise. FIGURE 4.54: The 12 steps for creating the block 1 2 3 4 567 8 9 11 10 12 Chapter 4 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 1126 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 126 Here are the 12 steps in summary that correspond to the 12 drawings. Start with the top view: 1. Start a new drawing. Leave all settings at the defaults. Use relative polar or relative Cartesian coordinates and the Line command to draw a rectangle 17.75 wide and 11.51 high. Zoom out if necessary. 2. Offset the bottom horizontal line up 2.16 and the new line up 4.45. 3. Offset the right vertical line 4.75 to the left and the new line 3.50 to the left. 4. Use the Trim command to trim back lines and complete the view. Next, do the right side view. 5. Draw a vertical line to the right of the top view. Make it longer than the top view is deep. 6. Offset the vertical line 2.4 to the right, and then offset the new line 2.4 to the right also. 7. Use the Endpoint osnap to draw lines from the corner points of the top view across the three vertical lines. 8. Trim the lines back to complete the side view. Finally, draw the front view. 9. Draw a horizontal line below the top view. Make it longer than the top view is wide. 10. Offset this line 2.4 down, and then offset the new line 2.4 down. 11. Use the Endpoint osnap to draw lines from the corner points of the top view, down across the three horizontal lines. 12. Trim the lines back to complete the view. This ends the exercise. You can rotate and move each view relative to the other views in several ways. We’ll look at those commands later in the book and then draw more views in Chapter 8. If You Would Like More Practice… 127 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 127 Are You Experienced? Now you can… 0 create polylines 0 offset exterior walls to make interior walls 0 zoom in on an area with the Zoom Window command and zoom back out with the Zoom Previous command 0 use the Rectangle and Arc commands to make a door 0 use the Endpoint, Midpoint, and Perpendicular object snap modes 0 use the Crossing Window selection tool 0 use the Copy and Mirror commands to place an existing door and swing in another opening 0 use the Offset and Trim commands to make a sliding- glass door Chapter 4 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 1128 26531ch04.qxd 3/30/07 5:09 PM Page 128 CHAPTER 5 Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 Ǡ Using object snaps Ǡ Using polar tracking Ǡ Zooming and panning with the Realtime commands Ǡ Copying and moving objects Ǡ Using direct entry of distances Ǡ Creating circles and ellipses 26531ch05.qxd 3/30/07 5:11 PM Page 129 T he preceding chapter emphasized using existing geometry (or objects) in a drawing to create new geometry. In this chapter, you’ll look at new tools for forming an efficient drawing strategy. Before getting back to the cabin, I’ll give you a brief overview of the tools available for starting and running commands. Developing a drawing strategy begins with determining the best way to start or determining when to start a command. AutoCAD provides several ways to start most of the commands you’ll be using. You have seen that you can find the Off- set, Fillet, Trim, and Extend commands on either the Modify toolbar or the Mod- ify menu. You can also start them by typing the first letter or two of the command and then pressing ↵. TIP Here’s a quick recap. To start the Offset command, enter o↵.To start the Fillet command, enter f↵.To start the Trim command, enter tr↵, and to start the Extend command, enter ex↵.You can also start almost all AutoCAD commands by entering the full name of the command; for example, to start the Extend command, enter extend↵. And don’t forget that you can access menus and menu items by pressing the Alt key and then the hot key—the let- ter that becomes underlined in the menu or menu item name when you press the Alt key. For example, to open the Modify menu, press Alt+M. You’ll determine which method to use, to an extent, by what you’re doing at the time as well as by your command of the keyboard. When using the abbrevia- tions, keyboard entry is generally the fastest method; but if your hand is already on the mouse and the Modify toolbar is docked on the screen, clicking buttons on the toolbar might be faster. The menus are slower to use because they require more selections to get to a command, but they also contain more commands and command options than the toolbars. Remember that if you have just ended a command, you can restart that com- mand by pressing ↵, by pressing the spacebar, or by right-clicking. When you right-click, a shortcut menu appears near the cursor. The top item on this menu is Repeat Command, where Command is the last command used. For example, if you just finished using the Erase command and you right-click, the top item of the shortcut menu is Repeat Erase. Chapter 5 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2130 26531ch05.qxd 3/30/07 5:11 PM Page 130 I’ll introduce the other items on this shortcut menu throughout the rest of the book. The shortcut menu is also called a context menu because the items on it depend on the following: Ǡ Whether a command is running Ǡ Which command you’re using Ǡ Where you are in a command In this chapter, I’ll introduce you to several new commands and, through the step-by-step instructions, show some alternate methods for accomplishing tasks similar to those you have previously completed. You’ll add front and back steps, thresholds, a balcony, and kitchen and bath fixtures to the cabin floor plan (see Figure 5.1). For each of these tasks, the focus will be on noticing which objects and geometry are already in the drawing that can make your job easier and on tools to help you accomplish the tasks more quickly and efficiently. As you work your way through the chapter, try activating the Dyn button on the status bar and working with the dynamic display information shown in the drawing area. FIGURE 5.1: The cabin with front and back steps, thresholds, balcony, kitchen, and bathroom Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 131 26531ch05.qxd 3/30/07 5:11 PM Page 131 [...]... three letters of any osnap to activate it, as in end↵ for Endpoint 3 Right-click the Polar button on the status bar at the bottom of the screen, and then choose Settings from the shortcut menu to open the Drafting Settings dialog box By default, the Polar Tracking tab is active (see Figure 5.4) 1 3 3 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 1 3 4 5:11 PM Page 134 Chapter 5 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 F I G U R E... distance left and right to create the sides of the step Here’s how you do it: 1 With AutoCAD running, open your cabin drawing (last saved as Cabin04c.dwg), and use the Zoom command options to achieve a view similar to Figure 5 .3 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 133 Drawing the Steps and Thresholds F I G U R E 5 3 : Zoomed in to the front opening 2 Check to be sure all buttons on the status bar except... will fill most of the left part of the screen (see Figure 5. 23) ; you can readjust its size and position Notice the drop-down list at the top of the Properties palette This tells you that the currently selected object is a circle 1 5 3 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 1 5 4 5:11 PM Page 154 Chapter 5 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 F I G U R E 5 2 3 : The Properties palette and the selected burner 7 Move down... Point osnap 3 Place the cursor near the outside endpoint of one of the jamb lines, and then move the cursor along the wall line away from the opening until the polar alignment path and Track Point tooltip appear (see the left of Figure 5.10) 1 3 9 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 1 4 0 5:11 PM Page 140 Chapter 5 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 F I G U R E 5 1 0 : The tracking path and Track Point tooltip (top),... regardless of the object’s orientation T I P 1 4 3 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 1 4 4 5:11 PM Page 144 Chapter 5 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 F I G U R E 5 1 2 : Selecting the base point with the Quadrant osnap (top), the circle attached to the crosshair cursor at its lowest point (middle), and the circle positioned for the balcony (bottom) 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 145 Drawing the Balcony: Drawing... the Undo button Now draw the counter again, this time using the Offset and Fillet commands 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 149 Laying Out the Kitchen 1 4 9 2 Offset the right inside wall line 3' to the left Then, offset this new line 9 '-1 0" to the left Finally, offset the upper inside wall line 2' down (see Figure 5.17) F I G U R E 5 1 7 : Offsetting wall lines to create the counter 3 Use the Fillet... tooltip, as shown in Figure 5.8, enter 12↵ A line begins 1' to the left of the opening on the outside wall line Hold the crosshair cursor directly above the beginning of the line, and when you see the vertical alignment path with the tooltip, enter 2'↵ The side of the step is drawn using the direct entry technique with polar tracking The Line command is still running 1 3 7 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 1 3. .. prompt as well N O T E 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 1 43 Drawing the Balcony: Drawing Circles F I G U R E 5 1 1 : The circle attached to the crosshair cursor 4 Enter 5'↵ AutoCAD draws the circle, and the command ends 5 Click the Move button on the Modify toolbar, or enter m↵ The cursor changes to a pickbox Select the circle, and press ↵ 6 On the Object Snap toolbar or fly-out menu, click the Quadrant... activated, the tooltip is replaced with an abbreviated command prompt when the cursor varies from the vertical path 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 135 Drawing the Steps and Thresholds 1 3 5 F I G U R E 5 5 : The Line command running with polar tracking on 6 While the alignment path and tooltip are visible, create the line using the direct entry method by typing 2'↵ A vertical line is drawn that is 2... wall line, click AutoCAD draws the right edge of the step, and the back step is complete Press ↵ to end the Line command F I G U R E 5 9 : Completing the back step with the Perpendicular osnap 6 Use Zoom Previous to view the completed back step with the whole floor plan 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 139 Drawing the Steps and Thresholds Temporary tracking is a handy tool for AutoCAD users You’ll . Tracking tab is active (see Figure 5.4). Drawing the Steps and Thresholds 133 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 133 FIGURE 5.4: The Polar Tracking tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box 4 Track Point tooltip appear (see the left of Figure 5.10). Drawing the Steps and Thresholds 139 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 139 FIGURE 5.10: The tracking path and Track Point tooltip (top),. similar to Figure 5 .3. Chapter 5 • Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 2 132 26 531 ch05.qxd 3/ 30/07 5:11 PM Page 132 FIGURE 5 .3: Zoomed in to the front opening 2. Check to be sure all buttons on the