CLAUSES PHRASES_ bài tập lý thuyết doc

I. Clause of reason: Ex: He came ten minutes late because/since/as/seeing that he missed the first bus. II. Phrase of reason: Ex: Jane worried because of the rain We didn’t go out due to the cold weather Owing to his carelessness we had an accident. I. Clause of concession: Ex: Although/Even though/though the weather was very bad, we had a picnic * Other conjunctions: No matter what/who/when/where/why + S + V = Whatever +(N)/whoever/whenever/wherever/whenever + (S) + V Ex: No matter what she wears, she looks pretty = Whatever clothes she wears, she looks pretty No matter where you are, I will find you = Wherever you are, I will find you No matter how + S + V = However + adj/adv + S + V Ex: No matter how hard he tried, he didn’t pass the exam = However hard he tried, he didn’t pass the exam Note: Loại mệnh đề này thường đứng đầu câu. II. Phrase of concession: Ex: We went to school on time in spite of/despite the heavy rain Because Since + Clause As Seeing that Due to Because of + noun/ V-ing phrase Thanks to Owing to CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION Though Although + Clause Even though In spite of Despite + noun/ V-ing phrase CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON I. Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence: 1. However/ Though it was late, I decided to phone Brian. 2. Although/ Despite the car was cheap, it was in good condition. 3. Despite of the weather/ the weather, we went sailing. 4. I put the food in the fridge because/ because of I want it to get cold. 5. Since/ Because of Janet wanted to save money, she gave up smoking. 6. We can’t eat now because/ although there isn’t enough time. 7. I can’t come to your party so that/ because I am too busy. 8. I couldn’t see anything because/ because of the dark. 9.Despite/ Though the cold weather, we all went for a walk. 10. It was raining, but / although I went swimming anyway. 11. Mary doesn’t go to school because/ though she was ill. 12. In spite of/ Because of his old age, Mr. Benson runs fours miles before breakfast. II. Choose the correct answer for each sentence: 1. ___________ she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to support her family. a. In spite of b. Because c. Because of d. Although 2. ___________ her absence from the school yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson. a. Despite b. Because c. Because of d. As 3. ___________ his lack of time, he watches football every night. a. Although b. Because of c. In spite of d. Because 4. Alan always overeats at lunch ____________ he never eats breakfast. a. because b. because of c. Even though d. in spite of 5. __________ I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me. a. Even though b. In spite of c. Since d. As 6. The goods was never delivered ___________ the promise we had received. a. since b. as c. because d. in spite of 7. ____________ the meeting’s at 2:00, I won’t be able to see you. a. Although b. In spite of c. Because d. Because of 8. My mother is always complaining __________ the untidiness of my room. a. because b. because of c. since d. as 9. I didn’t get the job ____________ I had all the necessary qualifications a. because b. because of c. although d. despite 10. It’s unsafe to travel in that country __________ the civil war. a. in spite of b. despite c. due to d. a & b are correct 11. Many people don’t want to live in big cities ________ big cities are often heavily polluted a. but b. because c. and d. though 12. __________ she heard the door bell ring, she did not answer it. a. However b. Because c. Even though d. As if 13. Despite the storm, the climbers decided to go on a. In spite of it was storm b. Although there was a storm c. Because ut stormed d. Due to it storms 14. He stopped working because he was too tired a. because of his tiredness b. since being tired c. for tired d. although his tiredness 15. His teacher got angry because he behaved badly a. so that he behaved badly b. even though he behaved badly c. because of his bad behaviour d. because of his behaviour 16. Although the traffic was heavy, he managed to get to the office in time. a. In spite of the traffic was heavy b. Because of the heavy traffic c. In spite of the heavy traffic d. Due to the traffic was heavy 17. I would have been on time if I hadn’t stopped at the post office a. I was on time even tough I stopped at the post office b. I wasn’t on time because I stopped at the post office c. I didn’t stop at the post office, but I was late. d. all of the above 18. I have still got the camera because no one has claimed it a. because it hasn’t been claimed b. because of not claiming on it c. because of no claim has been made on it d. because it has been claimed by no one 20. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work. In spite of ____________ a. the serious ill, he was determined to finish his work b. be ill seriously, he was determined to finish his work c. his serious ill, he was determined to finish his work d. he was ill seriously, he was determined to finish his work 21. Although they were very poor, the children seemed happy. a. The children seemed happy because they were very poor b. The children were very poor, so they seemed happy c. Despite their poverty, the children seemed happy d. the children seemed happy whether they were poor /rich 22. Because of his bad leg, he walked slowly. a. Because his leg was bad, he walked slowly b. Because his bad leg, he walked slowly c. If his leg was bad, he walked slowly d. Although his leg was bad, he walked slowly 23. I got to class on time _________ I had missed my bus. a. even though b. nevertheless c. because d. despite III. Do it as directed: 1. Because the sea was rough, the ferry couldn’t sail.  Because of____________________________ 2. In spite of being full water, the boat sailed on  Although_______________________________ 3. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads  Because ___________________________________ 4. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in life.  Despite_____________________________________ 5. Despite losing her way tie, she arrived safely  Though_____________________________________ IV. Identify one mistake: 1. You are not advised to go jogging because your serious heart disease. A B C D 2. In order that to buy his new car, he had to borrow his friend some money. A B C D 3. He stopping working because he was very tired to continue. A B C D 4. They can speak English and use a computer so as to they can easily get a good job. A B C D 5. He drank so many wine that he could not find his way home. A B C D 6. It is so an interesting film that I have seen it three times. A B C D 7. Because of they had collaborated well together, they were successful in their project. A B C D 8. He was tired so that he could not continue his work. A B C D 9. I rarely see a film in spite of there are many films that are worth seeing. A B C D 10. Because it was late, so that he tired to type the contact as fast as possible. A B C D Mệnh đề hoặc cụm từ chỉ kết quả là thành phần phụ nêu lên kết quả do hành động của mệnh đề chính gây ra 1/ Clause of result : SO/ SUCH Cấu trúc của câu có mệnh đề chỉ kết quả như sau : - S + V+ SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + V (……………… quá ………………………….đến nỗi …………………….) - S + V + SUCH + ( A/ AN ) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + S + V (…………….quá ……….đến nỗi………………) EX : It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one * NOTES : so many/ few + plural noun + that so much/ little + uncountable noun + that so + adj +a/an + singular noun + that Ex : The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own basket ball team He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down. - Khơng dùng a/an với danh từ số ít hoặc khơng đếm được. - That có thể được bỏ. Ex : She was so angry (that) she couldn’t speak. 2/ Phrase of result : TOO/ ENOUGH Câu có cụm từ chỉ kết quả có cấu trúc như sau : - S + V+ TOO + ADJ / ADV ( FOR + O ) + TO INFINITIVE (…. Quá ………đến nổi ( ai ) không thể …) - S + V+ ADJ / ADV + ENOUGH + ( FOR +O) + TO INFINITIVE (……đủ ( cho ai ) làm điều gì ……) Ex: 1/ He is so short that he can’t play basketball  He is too short to play basket ball  He isn’t tall enough to play basket ball 2/ It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything  It was too dark for me to see anything  It wasn’t bright enough for me Too much and too many thường được dùng trước danh từ. Ex: Andrew spent too much time working. There are too many people at the entrance. I. Use SO or SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH : 1. The sun shone _______ brightly that she had to put on her glasses. 2. There were _________ few students registered that the class was cancelled 3. We had _________ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return 4. It was ________ a nice day that we decided to go to the beach. 5. The book looked ___________ interesting that we decided to read it. 6. Ray called at _________ an early hour that we weren’t awake yet. 7. There were ____________ many people on the bus that we decided to walk. 8. The benefit was _________ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF RESULT 9. I’ m not rich ___________ to help you. 10. This room is ___________ dark for us to study. II. Rewrite the following sentences as directed: 1. It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it.  The house was so ____________________________________________ 2. The food was so good that we ate all of it.  It was ______________________________________________________ 3. The patient was too weak to get up.  The patient was so ____________________________________________ 4. This room is too dark for me to study.  This room is so _______________________________________________ 5. This room is too small for us to take the meeting  This room isn’t _______________________________________________ 6. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it.  The test was not ______________________________________________ 7. The map is so old that I couldn’t read it.  The map is too ________________________________________________ 8. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well  He didn’t ___________________________________________________ III. Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentence: 1. These two girls _________ that I can’t tell them apart. a. are so like b. are so alike c. are too like d. alike enough 2. I don’t think our daughter is _________ to understand this matter a. too young b. is such young c. not enough old d. not age enough 3. Mrs. Harrison is ___________ he owns many places. a. so a rich man that b. such an rich man that c. such a rich man that d. that so rich a man 4. The ceiling is __________ a. too high for me to reach b. too high for me to reach it c. so high for me reaching d. enough high for me reaching 5. The woman was so beautiful _______________ a. that I couldn’t help looking at b. that I couldn’t help looking at her c. for me looking at her d. that for me to look at 6. It is ___________ that I would like to go to the beach. a. such a nice weather b. too nice weather c. such nice weather d. such weather nice 7. These are ____________ that I can’t finish them. a. a such long assignments b. such long assignments c. such a long assignments d. too long assignments 8. It is _________ that I have read it twice. a. such an interesting book b. so interesting a book c. too interesting a book d. a & b 9. He __________ I was scared. a. drove too fast that b. drove so fastly that c. drove so fast that d. drove such fast that 10. She dances ___________everybody adores her. a. such beautifully that b. so beautiful that c. so beautifully that d. too beautifully that 11. It is ___________to go swimming a. too cold b. so cold c. such a cold d. enough cold that 12. Jane is __________ to do this exercise. a. no intelligence enough b. not intelligent enough c. not enough intelligent d. so intelligent enough 13. I am __________ a car. a. not rich enough to buy b. too rich enough to buy c. too poor to buy d. a & c 14. It’s __________ home from here. a. too far walking b. too far for walking c. far to walk, too d. too far to walk 15. The bed isn’t clean enough __________ a. to lie in it b. to lie in c. for lying in d. in which to lie 16. The piano was too heavy _________ a. for nobody to move b. for nobody moving c. for anyone to move d. for anyone to moving 17. Have you got ___________ for everyone to moving? a. enough food b. food enough c. too food d. so food 18. He ___________ to be offered the job a. was such in experienced b. was too inexperienced c. not experienced enough d. b & c 19. ___________ to go to the cinema. a. It was late so that b. That it was late c. It was too late d. Such too late 20. We don’t ____________ to go there now. a. have time enough b. enough time c. have too time d. have enough time 21. This song is simple enough for us to sing. a. This song is so simple that we can sing b. This song is so simple that we can sing it c. This song is so simple for us to sing d. It is such a simple song that we can sing 22. The bag was too heavy for him to carry. a. The bag wasn’t enough light for him to carry b. The bag was so heavy that h couldn’t carry c. It was such a heavy bag for him to carry d. It was such a heavy bag that he couldn’t carry it 23. The cake was too hot for him to eat. a. The cake was so hot that for him to eat. b. The cake was so hot that he could eat c. The cake was so hot that he couldn’t eat it. d. The cake was so hot that he can’t eat it 24. Because they made too many mistakes, they failed in the exam. a. They made so many mistakes that they failed in the exam. b. They made so many mistakes as they failed in the exam. c. They made so much mistakes that they failed in the exam. d. They made too many mistakes that they failed in the exam. 25. The story is short enough for her to read. a. It is such a short story that she can read it. b. It is such a short story that she can read. c. The story is too short for her to read d. It is such a short story for her to read. IV. Identify one error: 1.She was such old that she couldn’t run. A B C D 2. These days aren’t enough long for a good holiday. A B C D 3. There were so much books on the shelves that I didn’t know which one to choose A B C D 4. The soup was so hot for me to eat A B C D 5. All the students in the class are enough good to pass the final exam. A B C D I/ USE A CLAUSE OR PHRASE OF PURPOSE TO COMBINE EACH PAIR OF SENTENCES BELOW. 1/ I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2/ Alice prepares her lessons carefully. She wants to get high marks in class. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3/ Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4/ I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5/ You should walk slowly . Your sister can follow you. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6/ They did their job well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7/ We turned on the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8/ We lower the volume of the radio. We don’t want to bother our neighbours. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9/ The robber changed his address all the time. He didn’t want the police to find him. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10/ The man spoke loudly. He wanted every body to hear him clearly. …………………………………………………………………………………………… II/ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1/ “I spoke slowly. The foreigner could understand me”. Means a. I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me b. I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me. c. I spoke slowly that the foreigner could understand me d. I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me 2/ He had to explain the lesson very clearly……………………. a. in order that his student to understand it b. so that his students could understand it c. so as his students to understand it d. so that his students to understand it I / REMIND Muốn diễn tả một mục đích , chúng ta dùng mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng SO THAT hoặc IN ORDER THAT; hoặc bằng cụm từ bắt đầu bằng ( SO AS / IN ORDER ) TO 1/ Clause of purpose S + V + SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT + S + WILL / SHALL / CAN + V(-to) EX : I try all my best to study English in order that/so that I can find a better job 2/ Phrase of purpose 2a . Nếu chủ ngữ của hai mệnh đề giống nhau thì câu sẽ rút gọn là : S + V+ ( SO AS / IN ORDER ) ( NOT ) + TO INFINITIVE EX: I try to study hard so that I can pass the exam  I try to study hard so as to/in order to/to pass the exam 2 b. Nếu chủ ngữ của hai mệnh khác nhau thì câu sẽ rút gọn là : S + V + ( IN ORDER ) FOR + O + ( NOT ) TO INFINITIVE EX : He gave me his address so that I would visit him  He gave me his address in order for me to visit him CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF PURPOSE 3/ He studies very hard …………………………………… a. in order to fail the examination b. so that to get knowledge c. so as not to pass examination d. in order that he could be illiterate 4/ We have to start early…………………………we won’t be late a. so that b. so as to c. because d. although 5/ They were talking in whispers………… nobody could hear them. a. in order to b. so that c. in order that d. b and c arte correct 6/ He hurried to the station . He didn’t want to miss the train a. he hurried to the station so that he couldn’t miss the train b. he hurried to the station in order that he couldn’t miss the train c. he hurried to the station not to miss the train d. all are correct 7/ She went to the library in order that she could borrow some books a. she went to the library so as to borrow some books b. she went to the library that she could borrow some books c. she went to the library so that she could borrow some books d. all are correct 8/ The schoolboys are in hurry………………….they will not be late for school a. so as to b. to c. in order that d. for 9/ We set off early………………… we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic a. although b. so that c. because d. in case 10/ I shouted in order that I could warn everybody of danger a. I shouted to warn everybody of danger b. I shouted so as to warn everybody of danger c. I shouted so that to warn everybody of danger d. a and b are correct