UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH SEMANTICS Trần Thị Huyền – QH2008.E8 ASSIGNMENT 1 CHAPTER 2: WORD MEANING Task: (letter S) ∗ Find 5 polysemantic words. ∗ Find 5 homonyms of each type: Absolute homonyms, Perfect/Full homonyms and Homophones. ∗ Find 3 groups of synonyms of each type: Semantic synonyms, Stylistic synonyms, Semantic Stylistic synonyms, Phraseological synonyms and Territorial synonyms. ∗ Find 3 pairs of antonyms of each type: Antonyms proper (Gradable antonyms), Complimentary (Binary) antonyms and Conversives. I. Polysemy 1. Symptom(n) 1 a sign of illness. ex: flu symptoms – high temperature, headache and so on. 2 a sign of sth bad/problem. ex: symptoms of inflation. 2. Suggestive(a) 1 (suggestive of sth) reminding you of sth or making you think about sth. ex: That song is suggestive of an unhappy childhood. 2 making people think about sex. ex: suggestive jokes. 3. Stubborn(a) 1 #obstinate; determined not to change your opinion or attitude. ex: She is so stubborn that she never follows any advice. 2 #persistent; difficult to get rid of or deal with. ex: a stubborn cough 4. To subside(v) 1 to become less strong or extreme. ex: Hopefully, the crime in the town will soon subside. Fortunately, my headache subsided before I had to sit the exam. 2 to go down to a lower level. ex: Eventually the flood waters began to subside. 5. To suspend(v) 1 to suspend sth/sb (from sth) (by/on sth): to hang sth from sth else. ex: A lamp was suspended from the ceiling 1 UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH SEMANTICS Trần Thị Huyền – QH2008.E8 2 to officially stop sth for a time, to prevent sth from being active, used, etc. for a time. ex: the construction was suspended because its workers struck for so long. 3 to suspend sb (from sth): to officially prevent sb from doing their job, going to school, etc. for a time. ex: the football player was suspended because he hit the referee. II. Homonymy A. Absolute homonyms 1. To sound(v) To sound 1 (v): to make a noise. To sound 2 (v): to measure the depth of a mass of water, such as the sea or a lake. 2. Staple(n) Staple 1 (n): a short thin piece of wire used to fasten sheets of paper together. Staple 2 (n): a main product or part of something. 3. Spell(n) Spell 1 (n): #period; a period of time during which sth lasts. Spell 2 (n): #magic; words that are thought to have magic power or to make a piece of magic work, a piece of magic that happens when sb says magic words. 4. To spit(v) To spit 1 (v): #to force out; to force liquid, food, etc. out of the mouth, especially saliva. To spit 2 (v): #to rain; (informal) to rain very slightly (only used in the progressive tenses). 5. Spade(n) Spade 1 (n): ~card; one of the 4 sets of cards; the cards have a black design shaped like pointed leaves with short items printed on it. Spade 2 (n): ~tool; a garden tool with a broad metal blade and a long handle; used for digging. B. Perfect/full homonyms 1. Stroke Stroke 1 (n): #hitting movement; an act of hitting a ball when playing a sport. Stroke 2 (v): #to touch gently; to move your hand gently and slowly over an animal’s fur or hair. 2. Still Still 1 (adv): continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing. Still 2 (adj): not moving, calm and quiet. 3. State State 1 (n): #condition of sb/sth; the mental, emotion or physical condition that a person or a thing is in. State 2 (v): to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way. 4. Staunch Staunch 1 (v): past tense of stanch; to stop the flow of sth, especially the flood. 2 UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH SEMANTICS Trần Thị Huyền – QH2008.E8 Staunch 2 (adj): #faithful; strong and loyal in your opinions and attitude. 5. Strand Trand 1 (n): #thread; a single thin piece of thread, wire, hair, etc. Trand 2 (v): (usually passive) to make a boat, fish, whale, etc. be left on land and unable to return to the water. C. Homophones 1. Stair – stare 2. Sunday – sundae 3. Stake – steak 4. Suite – sweet 5. Steal – steel III. Synonymy A. Semantic synonyms 1. To wing – to sway – to rock – to oscillate 2. Street – road – avenue – boulevard 3. Supernatural – mystical – magical B. Stylistic synonyms 1. Submarine – sub 2. Swear – damn 3. To strangle – to throttle C. Semantic Stylistic synonyms 1. Successful – victorious – triumphant 2. Speaker – lecturer – orator 3. To swindle – to sting – to fiddle – to fleece – to con D. Phraseological synonyms 1. Speculative – notional – hypothetical 2. To suppress – to quell – to crush – to put down – to subdue 3. To suffer – to to experience – to undergo – to encounter E. Territorial synonyms 1. Streetcar – tram 2. Subway – underground/tube 3. Studio apartment – studio flat IV. Antonymy A. Gradable antonyms 1. Sympathetic – cruel 2. Swift – slow 3. Sweeping – narrow B. Complementary antonyms 1. To survive – to perish 2. Synthetic – natural 3. Straight – curved C. Conversives 1. To supply – to receive 2. Student – lecturer 3 UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH SEMANTICS Trần Thị Huyền – QH2008.E8 3. Subordinate – boss 4 . UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH SEMANTICS Trần Thị Huyền – QH2008.E8 ASSIGNMENT 1 CHAPTER 2: WORD MEANING Task: (letter S) ∗ Find 5 polysemantic words. ∗ Find 5 homonyms of each type: Absolute homonyms, Perfect/Full. sth lasts. Spell 2 (n): #magic; words that are thought to have magic power or to make a piece of magic work, a piece of magic that happens when sb says magic words. 4. To spit(v) To spit 1