Tìm hiểu nghĩa của từ 2 pdf

imply/infer IMPLY/INFER These two words, which originally had quite distinct meanings, have become so blended together that most people no longer distinguish between them. If you want to avoid irritating the rest of us, use “imply” when something is being suggested without being explicitly stated and “infer” when someone is trying to arrive at a conclusion based on evidence. “Imply” is more assertive, active: I imply that you need to revise your paper; and, based on my hints, you infer that I didn’t think highly of your first draft. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/imply.html03/09/2005 15:38:28 in regards to IN REGARDS TO WITH REGARD TO Business English is deadly enough without scrambling it. “As regards your downsizing plan . . .” is acceptable, if stiff. “In regard to . . .” is also correct. But don’t confuse the two by writing “In regards to.” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/regards.html03/09/2005 15:38:28 in the fact that IN THE FACT THAT BY THE FACT THAT Many people mistakenly write “in the fact that” when they mean simply “in that” in sentences like “It seemed wiser not to go to work in the fact that the boss had discovered the company picnic money was missing.” Omit “the fact.” While we’re at it, “infact” is not a word; “in fact” is always a two-word phrase. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/fact.html03/09/2005 15:38:29 incent INCENT, INCENTIVIZE ENCOURAGE Business folks sometimes use “incent” to mean “create an incentive,” but it’s not standard English. “Incentivize” is even more widely used, but strikes many people as an ugly substitute for “encourage.” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/incent.html03/09/2005 15:38:29 incredible INCREDIBLE The other day I heard a film reviewer praise a director because he created “incredible characters,” which would literally mean unbelievable characters. What the reviewer meant to say, of course, was precisely the opposite: characters so lifelike as to seem like real people. Intensifiers and superlatives tend to get worn down quickly through overuse and become almost meaningless, but it is wise to be aware of their root meanings so that you don’t unintentionally utter absurdities. “Fantastic” means “as in a fantasy” just as “fabulous” means “as in a fable.” A “wonderful” sight should make you pause in wonder (awe). Some of these words are worn down beyond redemption, however. For instance, who now expects a “terrific” sight to terrify? List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/incredible.html03/09/2005 15:38:30 incidences/incidents/instances INCIDENCE/INCIDENTS/INSTANCES These three overlap in meaning just enough to confuse a lot of people. Few of us have a need for “incidence,” which most often refers to degree or extent of the occurrence of something (“the incidence of measles in Whitman County has dropped markedly since the vaccine has been provided free”). “Incidents,” which is pronounced identically, is merely the plural of “incident,” meaning “occurrences” (“police reported damage to three different outhouses in separate incidents last Halloween”). Instances are examples (“semicolons are not required in the first three instances given in your query”). Incidents can be used as instances only if someone is using them as examples. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/incidences.html03/09/2005 15:38:30 indepth INDEPTH IN DEPTH You can make an “in-depth” study of a subject by studying it “in depth,” but never “indepth.” Like “a lot” this is two words often mistaken for one. The first, adjectival, use of the phrase given above is commonly hyphenated, which may lead some people to splice the words even more closely together. “Indepth” is usually used as an adverb by people of limited vocabulary who would be better off saying “profoundly” or “thoroughly.” Some of them go so far as to say that they have studied a subject “indepthly.” Avoid this one if you don’t want to be snickered at. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/indepth.html03/09/2005 15:38:30 Indian INDIAN/NATIVE AMERICAN Although academics have long promoted “Native American” as a more accurate label than “Indian,” most of the people so labeled continue to refer to themselves as “Indians” and prefer that term. In Canada, there is a move to refer to descendants of the original inhabitants as “First Peoples,” but so far that has not spread to the U.S. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/indian.html03/09/2005 15:38:31 individual INDIVIDUAL PERSON Law-enforcement officers often use “individual” as a simple synonym for "person” when they don’t particularly mean to stress individuality: “I pursued the individual who had fired the weapon at me for three blocks.” This sort of use of “individual” lends an oddly formal air to your writing. When “person” works as well, use it. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/individual.html03/09/2005 15:38:31 in fact INFACT IN FACT “In fact” is always two words. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/infact.html03/09/2005 15:38:32 [...]... like Hitler and Billy the Kid “Notorious” means the same thing as “infamous” and should also only be used in a negative sense List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/infamous.html03/09 /20 05 15:38:33 . file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/individual.html03/09 /20 05 15:38:31 in fact INFACT IN FACT “In fact” is always two words. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/infact.html03/09 /20 05 15:38: 32 infamous/notorious INFAMOUS/NOTORIOUS “Infamous”. regards to.” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/regards.html03/09 /20 05 15:38 :28 in the fact that IN THE FACT THAT BY THE FACT THAT Many people mistakenly write “in the. two-word phrase. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/fact.html03/09 /20 05 15:38 :29 incent INCENT, INCENTIVIZE ENCOURAGE Business folks sometimes use “incent” to mean “create