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Embedded System – p 1/27 Embedded System ThS. Le Hoai Nghia nghialh@uit.edu.vn February 2009 UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Spot the Computer Embedded System – p 2/27 Hidden Computers Casio Nokia 7110 Sony Camera Browser Playstation 2 Watch Phone Philips Philips DVD Player TiVo Recorder Embedded System – p 3/27 Concurrency Legacy Languages Technical Challenges Real-time Complexity Embedded System – p 4/27 S oftware complexity growing Size of Typical Embedded System 1985 13kLOC 1989 21 kLOC 44 % per year 1998 1 MLOC 2000 2MLOC 2008 16 MLOC Windows NT 4.0 2010 32MLOC Windows 2000 Source: “ESP: A 10-Year Retrospective,” Embedded Systems Programming, November 1998 Embedded System – p 5/27 Digital Camera Block Diagram Embedded System – p 6/27 The Design Challenge Design optimal device that meets constraints on Price Functionality Performance Size Power Time- to-market Maintainability Safety Embedded System – p 7/27 The Time to Market Challenge Market Windo w Typical time-to-market constraint: 8 months Time Embedded System – p 8/27 Simplified Revenue Model Loss due to delay Market ramp On-time curve Delayed curve Time Sales D W 2W Assuming a constant market ramp, on-time revenue is 2 1 bh = 1 2 •2W• W = W2 and delayed revenue is1 2 (2W - D)(W - D) so fractional revenue loss is D(3W - D) = O(D 2 ) 2W 2 Example: when W = 26 and D = 10, fraction lost is about 50%. Embedded System – p 9/27 NRE Nonrecurring engineering cost: The cost of producing the first one. NRE cost dominates Production cost dominates log Volume Low NRE, high production costs High NRE, low production costs Embedded System – p 10/27