word perfect phần 1 potx

Introduction Word Perfect is intended for intermediate and advanced level students of English who wish to acquire a level of vocabulary through which they can express themselves natural

a difference

Perfect

HARRISON

vocabulary

for fluency

MARK HARRISON

LONGMAN

Pearwn Education 1,lmited

Edinburgh Gate, tiarlou,

0 Author Mark Harrison 1990

Th15 edition published by Addison Wesley 1,ongrnan Limited 1996

t:ighth impression 1999

ISBN 0- 17-555873-6

All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any format (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means) without the prior written permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W I P 9HE

Warning: the doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result

in both civil claims for damages and criminal prosecution

Pr~nted 111 Malaysia 1,SP

D~shonest/Dcceitful & A 7 7

Kind/GratefuIn'nkind/Sel fish 3 7 Polite/Pleasant~udc/Offensive 3 1

Introduction

Word Perfect is intended for intermediate and

advanced level students of English who wish to

acquire a level of vocabulary through which

they can express themselves naturally in

contemporary English The book aims to

increase students' ability to express thoughts

and feelings, by providing a range of

alternative words and expressions suitable for

use in particular contexts Such a range of

expression is clearly essential to achieving

fluency in any language

Organisation

Word Perfect consists of 50 units which bring

together words and expressions of similar

meaning, of opposite meaning, or which are

related in some other way For example, the

unit entitled 'lmportant1Triviul' includes

adjectives of similar meaning to 'important'

such as 'essential' and 'crucial', adjectives of

opposite meaning, such as 'trivial' and 'minor',

as well as related nouns, verbs and expressions

such as ' a p r i o r i ~ ' , 'to stress', 'to play down',

and ' s o what?' Each entry is followed by a

definition and by examples which show the use

of the word or phrase in context Where a word

has several different meanings, only those

meanings related to the 'theme' of the unit are

included By grouping words together in this

way, Word Perfect clarifies many areas of

common confusion and enables students to

differentiate between words and phrases of

related meaning, and to discriminate in terms

of the appropriate context for use

The 'reference' section of each unit is followed

by a variety of practice exercises, the majority

of them in the style of the Cambridge First

Certificate and Proficiency examinations These

include multiple-choice, sentence-

transformation, gap-fill and word-building

exercises Students can check their answers by

referring to the answer key at the back of the

book

The units are grouped together into six

sections: Behaviour; Feelings and States of

Mind; Characteristics; T h o u ~ h t , Knowledge and

Ability; Communicating; and Doing and

Causina These sections are meant more as a

guide to where a particular 'sub-ject' or notion can be found than as a strict categorisation The book also contains an index for easy reference, and an appendix of irregular verbs

Ensuring accuracy

Each entry in Word Peifect includes the

information which students need to be able to use the new items of vocabulary accurately This information includes:

Prepositions

Knowing which preposition to use with a particular adjective, noun or verb is frequently

a nightmare for non-native speakers of English

Word Perfect aims to solve this problem by

indicating those prepositions which are most commonly used with a particular entry, and which students are therefore most likely to hear and need to use

Verb patterns

Another common problem is knowing what type of grammatical construction follows a particular verb Word Perfect tells the student

whether a verb is followed by a direct object,

by a gerund or infinitive, by a '[ha,' clause, or

by a combination of two or more of these features For example:

t o ignore (s.o./sth) - direct object

to feel like (sthldoiiig sth) - direct object or gerund

to manage (to do sth) - infinitive

t o ensureJthat ) - 'that' clause Countable or uncountable?

Whether a noun is countable or uncountable is indicated by the use or omission of the

indefinite article ('a' or 'an') in the entry For example:

luxury - uncountable

a luxury - countable

I n t r o d u c t i o n

Both forms are not always included if one

form is used less frequently than the other

Collocations

Words often tend to 'collocate' or be used in

combination with certain other words In order

to sound natural and achieve fluency in English

the non-native speaker must be familiar with

collocations Word Peifect therefore includes

many examples of collocations For example

'luc,k' is followed by ' a stroke of 1uc.k' ' a

c.ompluint' by ' t o muke u c,ompluint' and other

collocations are included in their own right for

example ' t o hear u grudge' ' o n u\,ei.age' and

'h? chance' If you said 'by average' or

'through chance' ycu would probably be

understood, but you would not sound natural

How to use the book

The clarity of the definitions and examplea and

the inclusion of an answer key to the exercises,

make Word Perfect ideal for self-study You can

work through each unit in sequence, or you can

use the contents page or index to choose a unit

which interests you Study the 'reference'

section of the unil carefully paying particular attention to any grammatical features associated with an entry Reading the examples and seeing the new item of vocabulary in context ill help you further to understand when and how i t is used Ideally the practice exercises should not

be done immediately afterwards since the aim

is to be able to produce the vocabulary at any time, and the exercises should not simply be a short-span memory test When you have done the exercises, check your answers with the answer key, referring back to the reference section if you have made any mis~akes

You do not of course have to do rhe exercises

and Word Petfec.t is very useful as a reference

book The inclusion of an index means that you can look up a word that you don't know or clarify for yourself a particular problem such as

the difference between 't.en7et?1her' and 't.ernitid' Word Peife~,r can also be used for exam

preparation, to build vocabulary of the kind required for the Cambridge First Certificate and Proficiency examinations

Section A

Behaviour

Units 1-9 /

f-

very friendly; always interested in

meeting new people and doing

new things

7 talkative

liking or willing to talk a lot

8 decisive

able to make decisions quickly

and with certainty

9 an extrovert

a lively, sociable person who

finds it easy to talk to people and

likes to attract attention

not active; accepting what

happens to you without trying to

change or influence it

2 lazy

disliking activity; without the

energy or interest to do anything

She's very active and plays a lot of sport.lDespite his age, he's still quite active

She leads a very energetic life - she gets up early and works very hard until late

She was very lively tonight - she talked a lot and danced

It's very difSIcult to have a conve/lration with him because

h e ' s not very talkative

You should he more decisi~le - you take too long to make

Ifis reac.tion was passive - although he didn't like the

situation, he didn't argue

He doesn't like his ;oh hut he's too lazy to look j ) r another one

3 apathetic

completely unenthusiastic or

uninterested; having no desire to

change a bad situation

someone who is more interested

in their own thoughts and feelings

than in the world around them

Part 3

1 to act

to do something positive about a

problem to try to solve it

2 initiative

the ability to act and make

decisions ;.iithout help from other

people

3 to use your initiative

to act without help from others,

using your own judgement

She's reserved and even if she's angry she doesil'r say so

He normally has a lot to say but he was rather subdued last night - I wonder if there's something wrong

I f she wasn't such an introvert she would make jiiends more easily

The situation is getting worse - you must act now, before it's too late

She shows great initiative and is a good candidate for promotion

Why should I always have to tell you what to do? Use your initiative for once

I can't just ignore the problem - 1'11 have to do something about it.1The Governmgnt have promised to do something about the state of the roads

Make up your mind what you want to do - I can't wait forever for an answer

I f you had a bit more go, you wouldn't be so bored

I must sit down I've been on the go all day

U n i t 1 Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved

8 to liven up I feel a hit tired at the moment hut I'm sure 1'11 liven LIP

(of a person) to become more later in the e\!ening.lThe par& lilsened up after about I I

lively after being tired or without o'clock M-hen more people arrived

energy; (of an event) to become

more interesting and exciting

9 to hang aboutlaround T h e ~ ' \ ~ e got nothing to do so they hang about on street

to stay in a place doing nothing, c,orners all the time.lWe had to hang around at the ail-pot-t

simply passing the time because the plane was delayed

10 to stand around Eveyhody else stood around u,hile I did all the ~,ot-k

to stand and do nothing

U n i t 1 Exercises

1 I Choose the word or phrase ( A B C or 1)) which best c-ompletes each sentence

1 He's so that he always expects other people to do the work

A reserved B lazy C apathetic D passive

2 She's not very She's never quite sure what she wants to do

A energetic B lively C active D decisive

3 Even though they don't agree with what's happening they're too to protest

A outgoing B subdued C quiet D apathetic

4 He wasn't very tonight In fact he hardly said anything

A active B decisive C talkative D energetic

5 I'm sure he enjoyed the evening He didn't say much because he's by nature

A passive B subdued C inactive D quiet

6 He's always been very so he hates not being able to do anything now that he's ill

A decisive B active C outgoing D loud

7 1 don't feel enough to go for a walk now

A energetic B extrovert C outgoing D sociable

8 He's a sort of person He doesn't really care what happens to him

A quiet B passive C reserved D subdued

9 The school has just appointed a(n) new headmaster whose job it will be to improve falling standards of education

A sociable B active C dynamic D lively

10 It's always difficult to know what she's thinking because she's so

A apathetic B inactive C subdued D reserved

1 I The job involves working closely with the public, so we're looking for someone with a(n) personality

A talkative B outgoing C dynamic D active

12 1 had to before the situation got worse

A act B do something a4out C have go D be on the go

U n i t 1 Exercises

13 She hasn't got enough to really try to get what she wants

A action B activity C go D decision

14 They're very and regularly invite people to their house

A good company B lively C active D sociable

15 He seemed rather Was he upset about something?

A unsocial B apathetic C passive D subdued

16 She's very She can't sit down for long

A lively B decisive C impassive D good company

17 Things are never boring when he's there You could say he's

A energetic B active C sociable D an extrovert

18 She's She tends to think a lot and not to say a lot

A an introvert B inverted C inturned D subdued

19 The successful candidate must have , as he or she will have to work without

supervision

A action B a go C initiative D decision

1.2 Fill each o f the blanks ~ , i t h one suitable word

1 Don't keep asking other people what to do your initiative!

2 We just hung in the park because we had nothing else to do

3 They're really company I always enjoy spending an evening with them

4 Do you want ir or not? Come on, up your mind

5 Make sure you're not late I don't want to have to stand waiting for you

6 The party was rather boring at the start but everyone livened later

7 'The problem won't just go away You'll have to do something it

8 She's always the go I don't know where she gets her energy from

Part 1

1 careful

taking care (in order to avoid loss,

damage, danger, mistakes etc.)

a (with sth)

b (of s.o./sth, especially

something that may harm you)

c ( t o d o sthlthat )

2 cautious

very careful; not wanting to act

quickly, in order to avoid possible

danger or bad results

3 wary (of s.o.lsth; of doing sth)

very cautious because you are not

sure about something

4 conscientious

careful to do your work well

5 thorough

careful in your work;.paying

attention to every detail

Be careful of the t l - a ~ c when you c,ross the t-oad.liVy mother always fold me to he cat-efiil qf sstt.an,qe)-.r

I was careful to choose the right words, so rhut thej wouldn't misunderstand me.lBe carefi~l that you doti'r fall.1

Be careful howl you cross the I-oad

He's cautious about accepting the oflet hefore he know's all the details

After- her divorce she was blary of getting in~nl\ed ~ l i t h anyone again./He's very wary of people in aurhot.i~

She's so conscientious that she often ~ 1 o 1 k ~ late ~ i t h o u f getting paid

She's very thorough whenever she wr-ites a report.lThe doctor- gave him a thorough examination

They're an efficient c-ompanj ~ i t h a 1,er.y good t.eprrtation

He's a competent reacher and his srudents are rnukirlg good progress

She's par-ticular about h e r j j o d arid there are some things she'll never eat

He's fussy about the clothes he buys and a l w a ~ s rakes ages !o choose them

'Where would you like to sit.7' - ' I ' m not fussy.' She's very conservative in her c-hoice of clothes