6 CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Sự Nhượng Bộ) 1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng: although, though, even though, even if. Although / Though / Even though / Even + S + V, S + V. Eg: a) Although / though / Even though / Even if he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up. b) He was lazy. He passed the test. -> Although he was lazy, he passed the test. c) We had a picnic. The weather was bad. -> We had a picnic though the weather was bad. 2. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới từ : despite , in spite of + noun phrase Despite / In spite of + V.ing + the fact that + S + V Eg: - Despite/Inspite of her sadness, she managed to smiled. - Despite/In spite of being sad, she managed to smile. - We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather. * Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng một chủ ngữ ta có thể chuyển mệnh chính về dạng V.ing. III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ) 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ. Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test. Despite his laziness, he passed the test. Ex2: Though she was poor, she lived a happy life. Despite her poverty, she lived a happy life. 2- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ “Be”, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cỏch (possessive case), đổi tớnh từ thành danh từ. Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless. Subject (pronoun) + be + adj Possessive adj + noun Subject (noun) + be + adj possessive case + noun 6 The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness. 3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + V(ordinary) khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing. Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test. In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test. 4- Mệnh đề cú There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be. Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him. Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him. Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences. 1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it. A. As B .Though C. Since D. Despite 2. He is a very intelligent boy, _______he is very lazy A. but B. and C. or D. so 3. _______I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends A. though B. since C. because of D. so that 4. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible. A. although B. despite C. and D. because 5. Lan couldn’t pass the exam_______she was too lazy. A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of 6. _______ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday. A. because B. because of C. despite D. so 7. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there. A. despite B. in spite of C. becacuse of D. though 8. _______ the weather, we went sailing. A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. A and B 9. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race. A. though B. although C. eventhough D. all are correct 10. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris. A. Eventhough Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris. B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French. C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French. D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris. 11. Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi. A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting. B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr Ba was late for the meeting. C. Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi. Subject + V(ordinary) V-ing There + be + Noun -> x + Noun 6 D. Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi. 12. We camt to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy. A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time. B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time. C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time. D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time. 13. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert. A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not. B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi. C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert. D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it. 14. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car. A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes. B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. C. The car is too expensive for her to buy. D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot. 15. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill. A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill. D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired. 16. Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert. A. In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert. B. Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert. C. Trung went to the concert despite having a bad cold. D. Trung had a bad cold. However, he went to the concert. 17. _____it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat. A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although 18. _____he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual. A. Although B. However C. Therefore D. Still 19. He was offered the job______his qualifications were poor. A. despite B. in spite of C. even though D. Whereas 19. ______ we were in town, we often met him. A. For B. Although C. So D. When 20. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications. A. because B. although C. so D. but 21. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry. A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that 22. In pite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled. A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain 23. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 24. ______, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 25. The children slept well, despite _____. A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy 26. She left him __________ she still loved him. A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 27. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. 6 A. In spite B. Even though C. in spite of D. despite of 28. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of 29. We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces ________ we must also think of our environment. A. despite B. though C. as though D. but 30. ______ some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men. A. But B. Even if C. If D. As though Exercise 2: Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though 1. Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam. My friend Anny does not enjoy it. => 2. Bob always walks to work. He is living in the city. => 3. My house is near the beach. I rarely go swimming. => 4. My brother is working in Ha Noi. He comes home on every public holiday. => 5. Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year. => 6 Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV. => 7. Nick used to smoke. He seems to be in good health. => 8. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. => 9. Henry’s friend is a millionaire. He hates spending money. => 10. We couldn’t get tickets. We queued for an hour. => Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses 1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although) => 2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though) => 3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although) => 4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though) => 5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though) => 6.The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (although) => 7.The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although) => 8.I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. (even though) => 9. The traffic was bad. I arrived at the airport on time. (though) => 10. I didn’t get the job. I had all necessary qualifications. (though) 6 => 11. We enjoyed the vacation. It rained a lot. (although) => 12. She felt sick. She went to work. (though) => 13. I was really tired. I couldn’t sleep. (even though) => 14. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although) => 15. She couldn’t answer the question. She is very intelligent. (though) => 16. He tried. He was not successful. (though) => 17. His life is hard. He determined to study well. (although) => 18. He was wise and experienced. He was not taken in. (though) => Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences with the word given. 1. Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid. =>In spite of 2. Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph. => Despite 3. She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold. =>In spite of 4. We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much. => Despite 5. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand. =>In spite of 6. Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm. => Despite 7. I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before. =>In spite of 8. We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time. => Despite 9. Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting. =>In spite of 10. Although he promised that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock. => Despite 11. Although the salary was low, he accepted the job. => Despite 12. In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. => Though 13. In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner. => Although 14. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life. => Even though 15. In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam. => Though 16. In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match. => Although 6 17. Although they lost, the home team played very well. => Despite 18. Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time. =>In spite of 19. Although she isn’t brilliant, she studies quite well. => Despite 20. She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well. => Although 21. The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden. => Even though 22. It was raining, but we went out. => Though 23. Everyone likes Bob even though he talkative. => Even though 24. Though I had an umbrella, I got very wet in the rain. => Though 25. We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot. => In spite of 26. Although she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire. => Despite 27. Tom will not pass the examination although he studies well. => In spite of 28. He is still fat though he has been on a diet for 2 years. => In spite of 29. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen. => However 30. Although Judy was severely disabled, she participated in many sports. => Despite 31. It doesn’t matter how hard she tries, she never beat Sue at tennis. => However 32. No matter what he says, nobody believes him. => Whatever 33. He always woke up early no matter how late he had gone to bed. => However 34. Melissa’s father was very busy, but he still played with her. => Busy 35. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry. =>In spite of 36. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine. => Despite 37. We did the test well though it was difficult. =>In spite of 38. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him. => Despite . 6 CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Sự Nhượng Bộ) 1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng: although, though, even though, even. weather. * Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng một chủ ngữ ta có thể chuyển mệnh chính về dạng V.ing. III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ) 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là. was bad. -> We had a picnic though the weather was bad. 2. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới từ : despite , in spite of + noun phrase