The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness.3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + Vordinary khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing.. Mike decided to settle in Paris
Trang 1CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Sự Nhượng Bộ)
1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng: although, though, even though, even if.
Although / Though / Even though / Even + S + V, S + V.
Eg: a) Although / though / Even though / Even if he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up.
b) He was lazy He passed the test.
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
c) We had a picnic The weather was bad.
-> We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
2 Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới từ : despite , in spite of
+ noun phrase
Despite / In spite of + V.ing
+ the fact that + S + V
Eg:
- Despite/Inspite of her sadness, she managed to smiled.
- Despite/In spite of being sad, she managed to smile.
- We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather.
* Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng một chủ ngữ ta có thể chuyển mệnh chính về dạng V.ing.
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ) 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ từ thành
tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ.
Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
Despite his laziness, he passed the test.
Ex2: Though she was poor, she lived a happy life.
Despite her poverty, she lived a happy life.
2- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ “Be”, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cỏch (possessive case), đổi tớnh từ thành danh từ.
Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless.
Subject (pronoun) + be + adj
Subject (noun) + be + adj
Trang 2The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness.
3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + V(ordinary) khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing.
Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test.
In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test.
4- Mệnh đề cú There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be.
Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1 _ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
2 He is a very intelligent boy, _he is very lazy
3 _I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
A though B since C because of D so that
4 Last night we came to the show late _the traffic was terrible.
5 Lan couldn’t pass the exam _she was too lazy.
6 _ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
7 _there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A despite B in spite of C becacuse of D though
8 _ the weather, we went sailing.
9 _Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A though B although C eventhough D all are correct
10 In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.
A Eventhough Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris.
B Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.
C Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French.
D Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.
11 Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
A Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting.
B In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr Ba was late for the meeting.
C Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
Subject + V(ordinary)
V-ing
Trang 3D Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.
12 We camt to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.
A Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time.
B In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
C Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
D Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time.
13 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.
B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.
14 Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
A She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes
B Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C The car is too expensive for her to buy
D She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.
15 Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill.
A Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
B In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
C Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill.
D Sue stayed up late talking to Jill As a result, she was tired.
16 Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert.
A In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert.
B Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert.
C Trung went to the concert despite having a bad cold.
D Trung had a bad cold However, he went to the concert.
17 _it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.
A In spite B In spite of C However D Although
18 _he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
19 He was offered the job his qualifications were poor.
A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas
19 we were in town, we often met him
20 She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications.
21 I could not eat I was very hungry.
A even though B in spite C despite D in spite the fact that
22 In pite _, the baseball game was not cancelled
A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain
23 he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
A In spite B In spite of C Despite D Although
24 , he walked to the station
A Despite being tired B Although to be tired
C In spite being tired D Despite tired
25 The children slept well, despite _.
A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy
26 She left him she still loved him.
A even if B even though C in spite of D despite
27 _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
Trang 4A In spite B Even though C in spite of D despite of
28 _ they are brothers, they do not look like.
29 We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces we must also think of our environment.
30 some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men
Exercise 2: Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though
1 Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam My friend Anny does not enjoy it.
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2 Bob always walks to work He is living in the city.
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3 My house is near the beach I rarely go swimming.
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4 My brother is working in Ha Noi He comes home on every public holiday.
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5 Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year.
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6 Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV.
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7 Nick used to smoke He seems to be in good health.
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8 I couldn’t sleep I was tired.
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9 Henry’s friend is a millionaire He hates spending money.
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10 We couldn’t get tickets We queued for an hour.
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Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses
1 She has plenty of money, but she is very mean (although)
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2 They have a car, but they rarely use it (though)
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3 He was innocent, but he was sent to prison (although)
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4 He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)
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5 She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy (even though)
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6.The keyboard wasn’t working well She tried to finish the letter (although)
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7.The forecast said it would rain It turned out to be a beautiful day (although)
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8.I’m no better I’ve taken the bill (even though)
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9 The traffic was bad I arrived at the airport on time (though)
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10 I didn’t get the job I had all necessary qualifications (though)
Trang 5=>
11 We enjoyed the vacation It rained a lot (although)
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12 She felt sick She went to work (though)
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13 I was really tired I couldn’t sleep (even though)
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14 He is very rich He isn’t happy (although)
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15 She couldn’t answer the question She is very intelligent (though)
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16 He tried He was not successful (though)
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17 His life is hard He determined to study well (although)
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18 He was wise and experienced He was not taken in (though)
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Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences with the word given
1 Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid.
=>In spite of
2 Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.
=> Despite
3 She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold.
=>In spite of
4 We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much.
=> Despite
5 Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.
=>In spite of
6 Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm.
=> Despite
7 I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before
=>In spite of
8 We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time.
=> Despite
9 Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting.
=>In spite of
10 Although he promised that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock.
=> Despite
11 Although the salary was low, he accepted the job.
=> Despite
12 In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.
=> Though
13 In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner.
=> Although
14 In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
=> Even though
15 In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam.
=> Though
16 In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match.
=> Although
Trang 617 Although they lost, the home team played very well.
=> Despite
18 Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time.
=>In spite of
19 Although she isn’t brilliant, she studies quite well.
=> Despite
20 She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well.
=> Although
21 The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden.
=> Even though
22 It was raining, but we went out.
=> Though
23 Everyone likes Bob even though he talkative.
=> Even though
24 Though I had an umbrella, I got very wet in the rain.
=> Though
25 We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot.
=> In spite of
26 Although she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire.
=> Despite
27 Tom will not pass the examination although he studies well.
=> In spite of
28 He is still fat though he has been on a diet for 2 years.
=> In spite of
29 Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
=> However
30 Although Judy was severely disabled, she participated in many sports.
=> Despite
31 It doesn’t matter how hard she tries, she never beat Sue at tennis.
=> However
32 No matter what he says, nobody believes him.
=> Whatever
33 He always woke up early no matter how late he had gone to bed.
=> However
34 Melissa’s father was very busy, but he still played with her.
=> Busy
35 She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
=>In spite of
36 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
=> Despite
37 We did the test well though it was difficult.
=>In spite of
38 Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
=> Despite