* Chú ý: Một số tính từ, trạng từ không theo qui tắc trên bất qui tắc Adj / Adv good, well bad, badly many, much little far Nghĩa tốt, giỏi tồi tệ nhiều ít, xa So sánh hơn better worse
Trang 1COMParIsON (so sánh)
B so sánh hơn:
Tính từ, trạng từ ngắn Adj / Adv + ER + THAN ( hơn )
-Ví dụ: Ann is taller than me.
She speaks English faster than you.
Tính từ , trạng từ dài MORE + Adj / Adv + THAN ( hơn )
- Ví dụ: This exercise is more difficult than that one.
She speaks more fluently than you.
Chú ý: -Các tính từ, trạng từ có 2 âm tiết mà tận cùng là: -y, -ow, -er, -le, -et thì coi nh tính từ ngắn ở cấp so sánh hơn ta + ER.
-Ví dụ: happy > happier narrow > narrower quiet > quieter
clever > cleverer simple > simpler
- Những tính từ có tận cùng là 1 phụ âm mà trớc đó là 1 nguyên âm thì ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối : hot > hotter
big > bigger
Chú ý: good/ well – better; bad/ badly – worse;
C so sánh hơn nhất:
Tính từ, trạng từ ngắn THE + Adj / Adv + EST nhất
- Ví dụ: The Nile is the longest river in the world.
Nam runs the fastest in my class.
Tính từ, trạng từ dài THE MOST + Adj / Adv .nhất
-ví dụ: She is the most beautiful in my group.
Hoa speaks English the most fluently in my class.
* Chú ý: Một số tính từ, trạng từ không theo qui tắc trên ( bất qui tắc )
Adj / Adv
good, well
bad, badly
many, much
little
far
Nghĩa
tốt, giỏi tồi tệ nhiều
ít, xa
So sánh hơn
better worse more less farther / further
So sánh hơn nhất
the best the worst the most the least the farthest / the furthest
- Ví dụ : Lan learns English well, but Mai learns it better than Lan.
Long has the most books in my class.
D so sánh kém hơn: less + Adj / Adv + than ( kém hơn )
E so sánh kém nhất: the least + Adj / Adv ( kém nhất )
*Cách thành lập trạng từ: adj + ly ==> adv
1-Hầu hết adj +ly = adv
Ex:slow > slowly; quick >quickly
2-Nếu adj kết thúc là phụ âm + Y thì ta đổi y thành i + LY.
Ex: -easy > easily ; heavy > heavily ; happy >happily.
3-Nếu adj kết thúc là le,e(câm) thì ta bỏ e rồi + ly.
Ex: simple > simply ; possible >possibly.
*Lu ý:
Trang 21- sau các động từ chỉ cảm giác là một tính từ.
1 feel
2 seem
3 taste
4 sound
5 look
6 become
7 get
8 make
9 find
10 hear
11 observe
12 notice
cảm thấy dờng nh
có vị nghe nhìn trở lên trở lên,đạt đc làm
tìm thấy nghe quan sát chú ý
+ adj
Ex: She becomes more beautiful than her sister He looks as handsome as his father.
2-các tính từ sau vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ.
1 hard
2 far
3 late
4 eraly
5 long
6 soon
7 fast
8 many
9 much
10 few
11 little
hard far late eraly long soon fast many much few little
chăm chỉ,vất vả
xa muộn sớm dài ngay khi nhanh nhiều( đếm đc) nhiều(k Đếm đc) ít( đếm đc) ít(k Đếm đc)
cac loai so sanh khác
1- càng càng: the more + s + v/be , the more + s + v/be
The adj_er The adj_er
Ex: the heavier It rains , the dirtier our road is.(trời càng ma to đờng càng bẩn)
The harder he learns,the better he is.(anh ấy càng học chăm chỉ anh ấy càng giỏi)
2-càng ngày càng: the more and the more
The adj_er and The adj_er
Ex: It is the darker and darker.(trời càng ngày càng tối)
She runs more and more quickly.(cô ấy chạy càng ngày càng nhanh)
Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự so sỏnh (adverb clause of comparison) thường được dựng với một trong cỏc từ:
*so sánh bằng: As as (cũng như)/ not so as ( khụng bằng)
e She can swim as quickly as I (can)
( Cụ ấy cú thể bơi nhanh như tụi)
She cannot swim so quickly as I
(Cụ ấy khụng thể bơi lẹ như tụi)
Người ta cũng cú thể diễn tả sự so sỏnh bằng :
1-GIốNG:
a Like (như): A is like B Chọn một cõu trả lời đỳng trong số a, b, c, d để điền vào chỗ trống Đỏnh dấu vào (A giống như B)
b Alike (giống nhau): A and B are alike ( A và B giống nhau )
c Similar ( tương tự): A is similar to B ( A tương tự B)
Trang 3d A and B are the same.
e.take after =look like(v)
2-KHáC:
a) Different from (khỏc với):
My plan is quite different from yours
(Kế hoạch của tụi hoàn toàn khỏc với anh)
b) Other (+N) than: khỏc hơn là:
Please wear other shoes than these
( Hóy mang giày khỏc hơn là giày này)
3- HơN :
a)Rather than (hơn là):
I’ll starve rather than get money by dishonest methods
( Tụi sẽ chịu chết đúi hơn là kiếm tiền bất lương)
g Would rather than:
I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema
( Tụi thớch ở nhà hơn là đi xem chiếu búng.)
Nếu so sỏnh hai hành động biểu hiện bằng hai động từ như trờn, người ta cũng cú thể dựng “ to like better than ” Do đú, cõu trờn cú thể viết là: I’d like to stay at home better than to go to the cinema
II bài tập:
I Ex 1: Chọn 1 đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau
1 People now live than before
A well B the best C as well D better
2 she dances than her sister
A beautiful B the most beautiful C the most beautifully D more beautifully
3 she thought German was more industrial France
A than B then C as D to
4 Ho Chi Minh City is than Hanoi
A more noisy B noisy C more noisier D noisier
5 The bus takes than the train
A longer B more long C the lonhgest D long
6 Meibourne is than Sydney
A more hot B more hotter C hoter D hotter
7 I speak French than my sister
A gooder B.better C more good D more well
8 David doesn’t work hard I work
A more hard B more hardly C hardlier D harder
1 Are oranges than bananas
A more expensive B expensive C more cheap D cheap
2 I am two years than my brother
A elder B more elder C older D more old
3 There is no prettier pool this one
A as B that C than D to
4 The South of England is characterized the North
A flat as B flat than C flater than D flatter than
Trang 45 She plays the piano than I do.
A more beautifully B quite beautifully C most beautifully D as beautifully
6 The harder you try, results you get
A the better B better C more better D the more better
7 Jack is now than he used to be
A happy B happier C happiest D happyer
8 There is nothing than going swimming in hot weather
A.gooder B good C better D best
9 Tuan writes more with fewer mistakes than the provious term
A careless B careful C carefully D carelessly
18.Our friends are more than us
A difficult B intelligent C easy D tall
19.Chemistry is than physics
A easy B easily C easier D more easily
20 The country is than the city
A quieter B more quiet C more quietly D quietlier
21 Rabbits run than tortoises
A fast B fastly C fastlier D faster
22 the blue shirt is as as the red one
A long B longer C more long D longest
23 This book is the of all
A bored B boring C more boring D most boring
24 I work as as you do
A hard B hardly C harder D more hard
25 A train is not so as a bus
A quick B quicker C quickest D more quick
26 She looks than me
A thin B thinner C thinnest D thinly
27 He is one of the men in the world
A rich B richer C richest D more rich
28 Mai dances as as Lan
A gracefully B gracefuly C graceful D graceless
29 I think TRUNG NGUYEN coffee is than other kinds of coffee
A better B best C badder D worst
30 That hat is the most of all A expensive
B more expensive C cheapest D cheaper
II E.x 2: H·y tim ra 1 lçi ë mçi c©u sau b»ng c¸ch khoanh trßn A, B, C, hoÆc D
1 She can play the piano more good than her sister
Trang 52 He is more carefully than I am.
3 She cannot speak German very good at the moment
4 She works hardlier and gets better results this year
5 She can read much quickly now than in the past
6 My little brother is much bader at maths than me
7 She sings more beautiful than her mother does
8 That is the nicer pen in my bag
9 It’s the most easy train today
III E x 3: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghiã của câu không đổi so với câu ban đầu
1 Money is less important than health
- Money isn’t
2 A van is smaller than a bus
- A van isn’t
3 My flat is smaller than yours
- Your flat is
4 I can speak English more fluently than you
- You can’t
5 No one in my class is taller than Minh
- Minh is
6 This exercise is more difficult than the last one
- This exercise isn’t
7 This book is worse than that book
- That book is
8 That is the most difficult exercise I have done
- I have never done
9 I am shorter than my sister
- I am not
- My sister is
10 My brother learns harder than I do
I don’t learn
11 my Jean is similar to yours. > (alike)
> (like)
> (the same)
12.His cars is not like her ones > (different from)
13 He looks like his mother > (take after)
> (similar to)
> (like)
> (the same)
> (alike)
Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1 Mike is 1.7 meters tall, but Harriet is 1.8 meters.
A Mike is taller than Harriet B Harriet is taller than Mike.
C Mike and Harriet are both tall D Mike is as tall as Harriet.
2 You and Luke are both better than - A I B me C my D mine
Trang 63 Which part in this sentence is incorrect in English?
She is (A) the rich (B) woman in (C) the (D) world.
What is (A) the weather (B) like in (C) Ho Chi Minh city? It is – bader and bader (D)
4 It is becoming - for me to keep up.
A the most difficult B more and more difficult C more difficult than D the more
5 The lesson is difficult We try hard.
A The more difficult the lesson is, the more hard we try
B The more hard we try, the more difficult the lesson is.
C The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try.
D The more difficult the lesson is and the harder we try.
6 Tom is the best football player in this team.
A No one is the best football player in this team B No one can play football better than Tom.
C The best football player in this team is not Tom D Tom can play football as well as others in his team.
7 Jane cooks better than her sister.
A Jane can t cook better than her sister. ’ B Jane s sister can cook better than her. ’
C Jane s sister can t cook as good as her. ’ ’ D Jane s sister can t cook as well as her. ’ ’
8 I didn t spend as much money as -. ’
A you are B your C you spend D you did
9 They speak English - we do.
A the most influently B more influently than C more and more fluently D the more fluently
Part IX: comparision
I/ Complete the sentences Use the comparative form of one of the words in the list.
big crowed early easily high important
interested peaceful reliable serious simple thin
1 I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual.
2 I d like to have a _ car The one I ve got keeps breaking down. ’ ’
3 Unfortunately, her illness was _ than we thought at first.
4 You look _ Have you lost weight?
5 I want a flat We don t have enough space here. ’
6 He doesn t study very hard He s in having a good time. ’ ’
7 Health and happiness are _ than money.
8 The instructions were very complicated They could have been
9 There were a lot of people on the bus It was than usual.
10 I like living in the country It s than living in the town. ’
11 You ll find your way around the town if you have a good map. ’
Trang 712 In some parts of the country, prices are _ than in others.
II/ Fill in the blanks with the comparative of the adverbs in the box
easily early fast carefully high
often hard long loud
1 We could have found the place more easily with a map.
2 We can t hear Could you speak a bit ? ’
3 I can t jump any _ than that. ’
4 We are late Can you walk _ than that?
5 There are big traffic jams in big cities They happen nowadays.
6 Who works the in your family?
7 Of all the student, Mark did the test the .
8 The movie starts at eight, but we should get to the theater a few minutes _.
9 This exercise may take than we thought.
III/ Complete the sentences Use a superlative (-est or most ) or a comparative ( … -er or more ) …
1 We stay at the hotel in the town (cheap)
2 Our hotel was than all the others in the town (cheap)
3 The United States is very large but Canada is (large)
4 What s the river in the world? (long) ’
5 What is the sport in your country? (popular)
6 Everest is the _ mountain in the world It is than any other mountains (high)
7 We had a great holiday It was one of the holidays we re ever had (enjoyable) ’
8 I prefer this chair to the other one It s (comfortable) ’
9 What s the way of getting from here to the station? (quick) ’
10 Mr and Mrs Brown have got three daughters The is 14 years old (old)
IV/ Rewrite the sentences with as as … … or not as as … …
1 Bob is taller than Jack.Jack isn t _ ’
2 Tokyo is bigger than Ha Noi.Ha Noi isn t ’
3 Jill is more intelligent than Bill.Bill is
4 Are you and your husband the same age?Are you _your husband?
5 You work harder than II don t ’
6 Dogs are friendlier than cats.Cats
7 The sun is hotter than the moon.The moon
8 You look younger than Carol.Carol
V/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Comparative
1 My homework is worse than yours.Your homework is
2 He does the test more easily than Nga.Nga
3 An dictionary is more expensive than an English book.An English book
4 He behaves now worse than he used to.He used to
5 My uncle is fatter than my father.My father
6 Viet Nam isn t as large as the USA ’ Viet Nam
7 My friend cooks better than I do.I
8 Hue to Ha Noi is nearer than HCM City to Ha Noi.HCM City to Ha Noi
VI/Choose the best option that best completes each sentence:
Trang 81 He is not tall as his father.
A the B as C than D more
2 John s grades are _than his sister s. ’ ’
A higher B more high C more higher D the highest
3 Deana is the _ of the three sisters.
A most short B shorter C shortest D more short
4 She speaks English as _ as her friend does.
A good B well C better D the best
5 Of the three shirts, this one is the _
A prettier B most prettiest C prettiest D most pretty
6 The baby s illness is _ than we thought at first. ’
A bad B badder C worse D badly
7 Today is the _ day of the month.
A hoter B hotter C hotest D hottest
8 He works more than I.
A slow B slowly C most slowly D slowest
9 My book is as as yours.
A good B well C better D the best
10 I love you _ than I can say.
A much B many C more D the most
V/ Rewrite the following sentences using double comparative.
1 We got close to the fire we felt warm
2 If the knife is sharp, it is easy to cut something with.
3.Bill talked very fast I became confused.
4 Last year, when I met Mary, she was ugly.Now she has become very beautiful.
5 Whe you blow up a ballon, at first it small, the it becomes quite big.