Đề đề nghị Olympic 16 - AV 11

Mohammed’s attacks on traditional Arab belief provoked ourage and persecution in Mecca, which drove him to the city of Medina in 622.There he was welcomed as God’s prophet, and found a g

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KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ XVI

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; KHỐI: 11

ĐỀ THI

PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Question 1: Phonetics (5 points)

Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the others.

ANSWER 1:

1 A

2 A

3 B

4 D

5 A

6 C

7 B

8 C

9 A

10 A

Số phách

Số phách

Question 2: READING COMPREHENSION ( 20 points)

Reading 1:

Biographies of Mohammed are both numerous and unreliable Non was written in his lifetime, and all are plagued by legends and embellishments The best-known ones are based

on the Hadiths, or “traditions’, which are dubious historical value The Koran may be the only trustworthy account of the major event of his life

Mohammed, “the praised One”, founder and prophet of Islam, was born in Mecca in the years 570 He became an orphan at the age of six and was taken into the care of his uncle, Abu-Talib The tribe of Fihr, to which Mohammed’s family belonged, was then on the rise.[1] They had become the keepers and guardians of the Kaaba in Mecca, a site of pre-Islamic Arab worship (and now the holiest place in Islam) Their preeminence made it easier for Mohammed

to accomplish his later religious and political conquests [2]

[3] Mohammed’s early life was spent as a shepherd and caravan attendant He is thought to have been a quiet man, much given to fasting and prayer At age 25 he maried a rich, older widow, Khadeejah [4] The frequent commercial journeys he made after his marriage allowed him to learn the rudiments of Judaism and Christianity

When Mohammed was forty years old, he received what he believed to be a call from the Angel Gabriel, inaugurating his career as a phrophet of Allah and the apostle of Arabia His

first converts included his wife and daughter, his adopted son Ali, and his slave Zayd.

Mohammed’s attacks on traditional Arab belief provoked ourage and persecution in Mecca, which drove him to the city of Medina in 622.There he was welcomed as God’s prophet, and found a growing number of supporters With their help he conquered several Arab, Jewish, and Christian tribes, marched triumphantly back to Mecca in 630, destroyed the idols, and united all the tribes under one religion He made his last pilgrimage to Mecca with 40,000 followers

in 632, and died soon afterward of a fever at the age of 63

After Mohammed’s death, his successors, the caliphs, aspired to make Islam a world religion through the conquest of foreign lands In less than a century they succeeded in taking Palestine, Syria, Mesopotania, Egypt, North Africa, and southern Spain In 732 the Muslim armies were at last defeated at Tours, where their western conquests ended But they went on to conquer Oersia, Afghanistan, and part of India When the Mongols and Turks conquered the Muslims in the thirteenth century, they adopted Islam as their own religion

The succession of the first three caliphs was the source of a schism within the faith that persists today The Sunni, or Orthodox, supported the legitimacy of Abu Bakr, Omar, and Uthman; the Shiah, or Schismatics, upheld the divine right of Mohammed’s son Ali to be his father’s successor

1 What is the topic of the passage?

(A) The founding and spread of Islam

(B) The tribe of Mohammed

(C) The basics of Islamic belief

(D) Islam after Mohammed

2 According to the passage, what is the problem with most accounts of Mohammed’s life?

(A) They were written by non-Muslims

(B) They do not describe his early life

(C) They contain some false information

(D) They have been destroyed

3 The word which in paragraph 2 refers to

(A) tribe

(B) family

(C) uncle

(D) Mohammed

4 Which is the best place for the following sentence?

“Of the six children, only their daughter Fatima survived into adulthood?” (A) [1]

(B) [2]

(C) [3]

(D) [4]

5 The word inaugurating in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) improving

(B) confirming

(C) beginning

(D) expanding

6 Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the passage?

(A) Mohammed’s supporters in Mecca asked him to go to Medina to fight against attacks on Arab belief

(B) People in Mecca who became angry about Mohammed’s persecution were forced to go to Medina

(C) Mohammed‘s traditional Arab beliefs led to great anger against Mohammed in Mecca, and later in Medina

(D) Mohammed had to go to Medina after angering people in Macca with his criticism of older Arab beliefs

7 It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that

(A) Mohammed’s beliefs did not differ much from traditional Arab beliefs (B) before Mohammed, Arabs did not all practice the same religion (C) the Arabs had no religion before Mohammed

(D) Medina was a more religious city than Mecca

8 According to the reading, what helped Mohammed in his conquests?

(A) The power of his tribe (B) The support of the caliphs (C) His knowledge of Christianity and Judaism (D) The conversion of his wife, daughter, and son

9 Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

(A) The Muslim armies won their final victory at Tours

(B) The Mongols converted to Islam after being conquered by the Muslims (C) The Turks and Mongols became Muslims after their defeat of the Muslim armies

(D) Because of their defeat in 73, the Muslim armies lost most of the territory they had conquered

10 The Schismatic wanted

(A) to make Islam a world religion (B) to choose the caliphs themselves (C) to let Ali take Mohammed’s place as leader (D) to divide Muslims into various sects

Reading 2:

Sigmund Freud was not a literary theorist However, he did contribute to critical theory through both his theories and his use of art to show that the application of psychology can extend to the highest forms of cultures Freud was always interested in literature, and he drew some of the best illustrations of his theories from classic poems and plays

Freud saw the unconscious as the impetus of both cultural and psychic activity Therefore, the same principles operated in both, and that the same mechanisms – such as displacement and symbolization – applied While Freud was not the first to note the importance of the unconscious mind, he was the first to attempt a coherent theory of its operation and function

He argued that the unconscious operates according to universal law, and is crucial to all aspects

of mental life that involve fantasy, or diversion from reality From this point of view, it is natural to apply Freudian principles to imaginative literature Writers transform individual, unconscious fantasy into universal art - a kind of formal fantasy halfway between a reality that denies wishes and a world of imagination in which every wish is granted

In focusing on the unconscious origins for literature, Freud was in a sense reviving the traditional idea of divine inspiration [1] Philosophers and art theorists have often turned to such a theory of the imagination to explain multiple meanings, repetition, and any apparent disorder in art Similarly, psychoanalysis uses the theory of the unconscious to explain examples of “disorder’ in consciousness, such as dreams

[2] This analogy allowed Freud to suggest that fantasies called art could be interpreted in the same way as dreams Writers, as Freud noted, have always seen great significance in dreams In his view, portrayals of dreams in works of literature supported his own theories about their structures, mechanisms, and interpretation For example, the mechanisms of displacement and symbolization obviously resemble the literary devices of metaphor and symbolism.[3]

Critics of Freud have objected that the non-logical processes of the unconscious do not resemble the conscious effort that results in work of literature Freud would reply that while conscious thought is necessary to produce works of art, the creative sources of art remain in the conscious In this view, conscious activity merely obscures what is truly important in art What interested Freud were the deep unconscious structures literature shares with myth and religion,

as well as with dreams The apparent individuality of literature was not as significant as its ultimate universality [4]

11 Which of the following best states the main idea of the reading?

(A) The best way to understand the creation of literature is through Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis

(B) Freud argued convincingly that both psychic phenomena and literature may be interpreted with reference to the unconscious

(C) Creating works of literature is very similar to dreaming

(D) Freud’s theories explain why both dreams and literature contain various forms of disorder

12 According to the passage, which of the following is true of Freud?

(A) He was a literary theorist

(B) He has had an influence on literary theory

(C) He wrote several plays and poems that illustrate his theories

(D) He was the first to discover the unconscious.

13 The word impetus in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

(A) source

(B) opposite

(C) form

(D) reason

14 The word both in paragraph 2 refers to

(A) displacement and symbolization

(B) repression and the economy of psychic expenditure

(C) cultural and psychic phenomena

(D) principles and mechanisms

15 The author uses the phrase formal fantasy in paragraph 2 in order to

(A) describe the nature of literature

(B) describe the nature of the unconscious

(C) give an example of diversion from reality

(D) give an example of a Freudian principle

16 Which is the best place for the following sentence?

“And like dreams, literary works can have more than one interpretation.”

(A) [1]

(B) [2]

(C) [3]

(D) [4]

17 According to the passage, displacement in dreams is similar to

(A) symbolization

(B) metaphor

(C) symbolism

(D) repression

18 What possible objection to the passage’s main idea does the author discuss in the last paragraph?

(A) Freud emphasized the unconscious, but writing results from conscious thought

(B) Freud claimed that art is created logically, but it really has unconscious origins

(C) Writers have never placed much significance on dreams

(D) Freud argued that literature is individual, but it is actually universal

19 The word their in paragraph 4 refer to

(A) writers

(B) works

(C) theories

(D) dreams

20 Why does the author mention multiple meaning and repetition in paragraph 3?

(A) To emphasize the non-rational nature of art (B) To give examples of “disorder” in art (C) To show the similarity between art and dreams (D) To give examples of divine inspiration

ANSWER 2:

I (10 points)

1 A, 2 C, 3 A, 4 D, 5 C, 6 D, 7 B, 8 A, 9 C, 10 C

II (10 points)

11 B, 12 B, 13 A, 14 C, 15 D, 16 C, 17 B, 18 A, 19 D, 20 D

Question 3: GUIDED CLOZE TEST: (10 points)

Read the text below and complete the numbered blanks (1-10) by circling the best answers which are marked A, B, C or D (10 points)

Tsunami

Tsunami is a Japanese word which literally means tsu (harbour) nami (waves) Tsunamis are among the most terrifying natural 21) _ known to mankind In the Pacific, where the majority of these waves are generated, there is greater awareness among the people In Japan, for instance, with one of the most populated coastal regions in the world and a long history of earthquake activity, people are generally prepared for tsunamis

Tsunamis are often mistaken for 22) waves" when, in fact, they have nothing to

do with tidal action Tsunamis are seismic sea waves caused by earthquakes, submarine landslides, or, less frequently, by eruptions of island volcanoes Tsunamis can also be caused by meteorite impacts or 23) of nuclear bombs in the ocean

24) , tsunamis are shallow-water waves and the ratio between water depth and the wavelength is very small The deeper the water, the faster and shorter the wave is For example, when the ocean is 20,000 feet deep, a tsunami travels at 550 miles per hour At this speed, the wave can compete with a jet airplane, travelling across the ocean in less than a day Tsunamis in deep water can have a wavelength greater than 300 miles (500 kilometres) and

a period of about an hour (the period of a wave is the time between two successive waves) Another important factor in considering tsunamis is the rate at which they lose energy Because a wave loses energy at a rate inversely related to its wavelength, tsunamis can travel at high speeds for a long period of time and lose very little energy in the process Offshore and coastal features can determine the size and 25) _ of tsunami waves Reefs, bays, entrances to rivers, undersea features and the slope of the beach all help to modify the tsunami as it attacks the coastline When the tsunami reaches the coast and moves inland, the water level can rise many metres In extreme cases, the water level has risen to more than 15m (50 feet) for tsunamis of distant origin and over 30m (100 feet) for tsunami waves (26) near the earthquake's epicentre

Preparing for a tsunami

It is beyond the control of human beings to prevent natural disasters However, it is certainly possible to reduce the repercussions, such as loss of life and property, through proper planning Government agencies should formulate land-use regulations for a given coastal area with the tsunami risk potential in mind, particularly if such an area is known

to have sustained damage in

the past Making people aware of the hazards is the key factor in tsunami (27)

_ It is important that people have a technical under-standing of the

phenomenon, at least at the basic level; a behavioural response stemming from that understanding; and confidence in the authorities responsible for issuing a hazard warning Repeated false alarms may reduce the alertness and response by the community Fortunately, forecasting of tsunamis in recent years has been quite good and the credibility of the Tsunami Warning System has improved considerably Forecasting, however, is not an exact science as the phenomenon itself is complex and data on which the forecast is based may often be inadequate for certain areas

Despite modern equipment and communication means, the destruction caused by the 26/12 tsunami was 28) _ compared to those in the past The reason partly lies in the poor international cooperation and partly in the failure of local governments in handling such situations Most of the countries affected by the tsunami had been struck by the fury of the sea several times in the past Despite the damage caused earlier, most governments have over-developed the seashores, destroyed the natural 29) _ like mangroves, corals and other coastal ecosystems and, worse still, allowed large populations to live in the danger zone

International Tsunami Warning System (TWS)

The massive destruction caused by the May 1960 Chilean tsunami 30) _ a large number of countries to join the TWS Another catastrophic tsunami generated by the Alaskan earthquake of 1964 emphasized the need for an International TWS Functioning of this system begins with the detection by any participating seismic observatory of an earthquake of sufficient size to trigger the alarms, set at the threshold of 6.5 on the Richter scale The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center collects the seismic data, locates the earthquake and computes its magnitude When reports from tide stations show that a tsunami has been generated which poses a threat to the population in any part of the Pacific, a warning is transmitted to the dissemination agencies for relaying to the public The agencies then implement predetermined plans to evacuate people from endangered areas In addition to the International TWS, a number of Regional Warning Systems have been established to warn the population in areas where tsunami frequency is high 21.(A) hazards (B) situations (C) hazardous (D) danger

23 (A) explosive (B) explode (C) detonation (D) influence

24 (A) Characteristically (B) Character (C) Characteristics (D)Generally speaking

27 (A) prepared (B) preparedness (C) preparation (D) preparing

29 (A) protectors (B) protector (C) protection (D) guard

ANSWER 3:

21 A

22 B

23 C

24 A

25 A

26 D

27 B

28 A

29 A

30 A