International Whaling Commission http://www.iwcoffice.org A simple Web site that provides reports, press re- leases, and other statements from the commission. Also highlighted is information about whales and eco- system conservation as well as details on the group’s publications (magazine and annual reports). The Land Institute http://www.landinstitute.org This Web site centers on news, publications, and programs. It also includes an online bookstore and an archive database. The publications section has three subheadings: science, general, and prairie writers. Medicinal Plant Working Group http://www.nps.gov/plants/MEDICINAL/index.htm A Web site dedicated to outlining the medicinal uses of plants. It includes pictures, descriptions, and uses of nearly twenty different plant varieties. Also fur- nishes links to articles addressing the topic of medici- nal plants. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Millennium Assessment 2009 http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/ index.aspx A United Nations-sponsored program, the Millen- nium Ecosystem Assessment seeks to chart the changes in ecosystems and the consequences of these changes. The Web site has downloadable versions of entire assessment reports on issues such as desertification and wetlands and water. Mine-Engineer.Com Open Pit Surface Mine http://www.mine-engineer.com/mining/ open_pit.htm A resource with extensive information on open-pit mining and the materials derived from the process. Contains links to mining stories and videos. Also in- cludes special sections on earthquakes and portals to other Web sites dedicated to issues related to open-pit mining. Mineral and Gemstone Kingdom Minerals A-Z http://www.minerals.net Minerals A-Z is a comprehensive look at every known mineral. The site is easily navigable, and infor - mation can be searched by one of eight methods: al - phabetical order, chemical group, color, streak, hard - ness, crystal group, elemental affiliations, and Dana classification. Minerals Management Service (MMS) http://www.mms.gov/ The MMS, a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior, has a Websitededicatedtothedissemination of information that affects the U.S. mining industry. The tabs in the left margin address general topics such as renewable and offshore energy and specific topics such as Virginia Lease Sale 220 and Atlantic Seismic EIS. Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Government of Norway Svalbard Global Seed Vault http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/lmd/ campain/svalbard-global-seed- vault.html?id=462220 Part of the Norwegian government’s ministry of agriculture and food Web site. Outlines the mission and history of the seed vault and links up to articles relevant to the status and development of the under- ground repository. FAQ section also included. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center The Landsat Program http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov Home page for the Landsat program, replete with data and images from space. Provides a list of re- sources, including a user’s handbook, to help famil- iarize the general public with the remote-sensing pro- gram. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) http://www.nasa.gov NASA’s home page, with links to topics such as remote sensing and space resources. Highlights ten specific topics: shuttle and station, Moon and Mars, solar system, universe, aeronautics, Earth, technology, NASA in your life, NASA people, and NASA history. National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) http://www.eng.auburn.edu/center/ncat The NCAT is located at the University of Auburn. The Web site highlights the center’s publications and reports and leads a virtual tour of the institution’s fa - cilities. The site includes fact sheets on the equipment used to test asphalt. 1456 • Web Sites Global Resources National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Academy Review Briefing Documents: The Mining Program http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nas/mining Overview of NIOSH’s mining program. The site defines what the program is, what it has accomplished, and what it hopes to accomplish in the future. National Mining Association (NMA) http://www.nma.org/ The NMA Websitelinkswithappropriate news arti- cles and provides fact sheets on mining-related issues. The subsections titled “Issues,” “Publications,” and “Statistics” cover numerous aspects of mining in the United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://www.noaa.gov In addition to a photographic gallery featuring scenes from American landscapes and a section for relevant news items, the Web site offers links to eight subdirectories: weather, oceans, fisheries, charting, satellites, climate, research, and coasts. National Wildlife Federation http://www.nwf.org/ As a resource for children, the Web site links to wildlife-related magazines such as Ranger Rick and Na- tional Wildlife and spotlights endangered species in- digenous to North America. The site also presents a section focused on global warming. Natural Resources Canada Canadian Minerals Yearbook, Mineral and Metal Commodity Reviews http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/mms-smm/busi- indu/cmy-amc/com-eng.htm The Web site includes downloadable statistical in- formation on individual minerals. Documents out- line information pertaining toamineral’s production and its impact on the Canadian economy and envi- ronment. Includes a “highlights” section, a “history” section, and numerous graphs and charts. Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) http://www.nrdc.org/ Drop-down menus related to environmental issues include “green business” and “green living.” The site also includes blogs, issues of importance to the NRDC (such asrevivingoceans),andways in which a usercan take action in his or her community. Nature Conservancy http://www.nature.org/ Embedded video, audio, and maps are the center- pieces of this site. Also provided are online versions of the group’s quarterly magazine, news links, and an online store selling clothing, books, and bedding. Nuclear Energy Institute http://www.nei.org/ The Web site highlights five key issues: protecting the environment, reliable and affordable health care, new plans, safety and security, and nuclear waste dis- posal. Also available are news stories, statistics and facts, and updates on policies related to nuclear en- ergy. Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries http://www.oapecorg.org/ The margins stack links to statistics and publica- tions, and the body of the home page has press releases and a history on the creation of the organization. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) http://www.opec.org/home This site contains easy-reference links to OPEC pricing, investments, and reserves. The home page has downloadable files of OPEC publications as well as press releases and transcripts from speeches given by representatives of the organization. Portland Cement Association Cement and Concrete Basics http://www.cement.org/basics This is a resource page that introduces key aspects of cement, concrete, and the cement and concrete in- dustry. The site also features a flash animation tour of a portland cement plant, a cement quiz, an FAQ page, a list of concrete products, and a description of how concrete is made. Resources for the Future http://www.rff.org/Pages/default.aspx This Web site includes feature articles, video inter- views, and a weekly policy blog. The site focuses on five primary areas: “Energy and Climate,” “Regulating Risks,” “Transportation and Urban Land,”“The Natu - ral World,” and “Human Health.” Global Resources Web Sites • 1457 Sea Shepherd Conservation Society http://www.seashepherd.org/ This site presents top news stories relevant to the organization. Also available are picture links to the or- ganization’s campaigns, videos showcasing the work undertaken by the group, and a resource section for journalists. Seed Savers Exchange http://www.seedsavers.org/ In addition to a blog, a community forum, and fea- ture articles, the Web site has an online store from which rare vegetable, flower, and herb seeds can be purchased. Sierra Club http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Web site’s drop-down menu features the orga- nization’s goals, programs, lists of outings, and links to state-specific sites. Also includes a blog and an on- line store. UNESCO World Heritage Centre http://whc.unesco.org/ This Web site’s tabs direct the user to the list of World Heritage sites and to the activities, publica- tions, and other resources associated with UNESCO. Includes a calendar of events and feature articles about various heritage sites. United Nations http://www.un.org The hub for anything related to the United Na- tions. Presents a brief overview of the structure of the organization; access to maps, documents, and other publications; news items; and a schedule of events. The page has five main category heads: “Peace and Security,”“Development,”“Human Rights,” “Human- itarian Affairs,” and “International Law.” Access to U.N. resolutions related to desertification, climate change, endangered species, and other topics is also available. United States Army Corps of Engineers http://www.usace.army.mil/Pages/default.aspx This Web site includes feature articles, news links, a “hot topics” section, and a link to the corps’ library and reference center. The site is underscored by the corps chief’s blog. United States Bureau of Reclamation Reclamation: Managing Water in the West http://www.usbr.gov/ The right margin directs the user to pages that cover the bulk of the bureau’s missions and goals. These links include information about specific proj- ects as well as archived speeches, reports, and publica- tions. The left margin links to pages such as “Water Operations” and “Programs and Activities.” United States Coast and Geodetic Survey National Geodetic Survey http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/ This Web site is the essential source for every as- pect of geodesy. Includes downloadable software, a GPS toolkit, and VERTCON, among other tools and programs. Also houses data, images, and reports. United States Department of Agriculture http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome This Web site is centered on news items. The left margin provides links to topics such as food and nutri- tion, laws and regulations, research and science, and travel and recreation. Extensive archives of published material, including photographs, are also accesible. United States Department of Energy http://www.energy.gov/ Includes “quick clicks” for students, consumers, and researchers; embedded video archives; a drop- down menu covering topics such as science and tech- nology,energy efficiency,nationalsecurity, and prices and trends; special features; and a news ticker. United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division http://www.usdoj.gov/enrd/ Outlines the mission ofthedepartment andthede- partment’s litigation responsibilities. In addition, the site has relevant news links. The left margin guides the user to press releases, a list of FAQs, business op- portunities, and other destinations. United States Department of Labor: Mine Safety and Health Administration http://www.msha.gov This site highlights extensive resources for mine safety,including“quicklinks”tomaps, alerts, and mine rescue. Also available are statistics, numerous in-depth looks at special initiatives, a list of rules and regula- tions, andlinkstoWeb sites ofaffiliated organizations. United States Department of the Interior http://www.doi.gov Includes news; featured video and audio; Web cams of national monuments, such as Old Faithful; and stu - 1458 • Web Sites Global Resources dent and teacher resources. The site links to depart - ments under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior,such as the Bureau of Land Management and the National Parks System. United States Department of Transportation http://www.dot.gov/new/index.htm Through video, the site chronicles those affected by transportation projects. A special features section has links to programs under the jurisdiction of the de- partment. Also included are fact sheets on safety and news items relevant both to transportation and to its impact on resources in the United States. United States Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov The Web site is centered on the biography of the agency’s administrator and furnishes lists of issues, laws, and regulations; blogs and other media archives; and interactive resources for students, including quiz- zes, games, and advice. Also included are search en- gines for statistical information and other data. United States Fish and Wildlife Service http://www.fws.gov The site provides links to numerous programs, in- cluding those pertaining to endangered species and domestic fisheries. Also available are library resources, videos, podcasts, featured articles, a history of the ad- ministration, photographic logs, and many other re- sources. United States Forest Service http://www.fs.fed.us For easy access, the Web site includes a drop-down menu that allows the user to locate a forest or grass- land by state or by name. The site also has unique fea- tures such as “plant of the week” and a “spotlight” sec- tion with relevant news items. Furthermore, the site gives links to photographs, videos, and project sites. United States Geographical Survey http://www.usgs.gov/ The menu allows users to browse and click by top- ics, which include floods, earthquakes, droughts, and remote sensing. The mineral yearbook, an extensive database of mineral production and usage in the United States, is also available through this Web site. The page also features a multimedia gallery with pho - tographs, videos, and audio archives that include a public lecture series. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission http://www.nrc.gov/ This Web site has a “key topics” section and a news stream. The drop-down menu is divided among six categories (each of which has numerous subcatego- ries): “About NRC,” “Nuclear Reactors,”“Nuclear Ma- terials,” “Radioactive Waste,” “Nuclear Security,” and “Public Meetings and Involvement.” The commis- sion’s yearly budget also can be viewed. Web Elements http://www.webelements.com A comprehensive guide to all the elements, replete with periodic table and links to a fact sheet on each el- ement that includes a list of essential data, the history of discovery and usage, and uses of each element. Western Wood Products Association http://www2.wwpa.org/ This Web site provides a buyer’s guide, a technical guide, and a list of publications related to the associa- tion. Users can search for statistical reports and down- load information about wood-related topics such as mold, lumber basics, and California fire standards. The WILD Foundation http://www.wild.org The Web site’s drop-down menu contains informa- tion on the World Wildlife Conference, the WILD Foundation’s field projects, and the organization’s policies and research. Also accessible are a blog, em- bedded video, and relevant news. Wilderness Society http://wilderness.org/ This Website is centered on issues important to the society, such as forests, wilderness, global warming, and energy. Reports on each of the society’s political positions are outlined. The site includes press re- leases, a media kit, and a blog. The World Bank http://www.worldbank.org/ This Web site lists the World Bank’s projects and operations, information for specific countries, and statistical information. Also available are blogs, video, and podcasts as well as comprehensive feature arti- cles. World Database on Protected Areas http://www.wdpa.org The Web site includes a welcome note outlining the purpose of the organization and furnishes an in - Global Resources Web Sites • 1459 teractive map that allows users to view protected areas by different criteria, such as internationally or nation- ally protected sites. Results of protected area searches can be downloaded. World Nuclear Association http://www.world-nuclear.org The organization represents associations and em- ployees of the nuclear industry. The Web site is orga- nized by news items, brief explanations of the asso- ciation’s role and activities, and “hot topics.” Also accessible are pages for issues, statistics, and organiza- tions linked to the nuclear industry. World Resources Institute (WRI) http://www.wri.org/ The Web site is organized by topics most pertinent to the organization, including people and ecosys- tems, climate, and markets and finance. It also in- cludes blog posts and links to new stories that involve the WRI. World Steel Association http://www.worldsteel.org Industry feature stories are juxtaposed with inter- active items such as photo contests and human in- terest stories. The site has access to industry statis- tics, a bookstore, and links to global issues, such as climate change and sustainability, that affect the steel industry. World Wide Fund for Nature http://www.worldwildlife.org/ A comprehensive Web site for one of themosthigh- profile environmental activist groups in the world. The site includes numerous links to the organization’s ac- tivities, protests, and issues of importance, full of pho- tographic and video documentation.Specialcategory sections arereserved for places,species,andclimate. World Wildlife Fund http://www.panda.org/ The site for the American and Canadian wing of the World Wide Fund for Nature. The Web site dia- grams the organization’s mission and ways in which it is accomplished. Also included is an “Are you looking for?” section with links to numerous areas, including information on climate change and critical species. Worldwatch Institute http://www.worldwatch.org/ The Web site is subdivided into categories such as climate and energy, food and agriculture, and green economy. It highlights the organization’s publica- tions and posts news items related to the group. Inter- active materials such as user polls are featured. 1460 • Web Sites Global Resources Indexes Category Index Countries Argentina, 59 Australia, 85 Austria, 90 Belgium, 97 Brazil, 136 Canada, 162 Chile, 192 China, 197 Congo, Democratic Republic of the, 235 Denmark, 283 Developing countries, 301 France, 467 Germany, 511 Greece, 538 India, 600 Indonesia, 606 Iran, 623 Italy, 641 Japan, 650 Kazakhstan, 655 Mexico, 741 The Netherlands, 807 Norway, 826 Peru, 918 Poland, 958 Portugal, 965 Russia, 1043 Saudi Arabia, 1058 South Africa, 1121 South Korea, 1127 Spain, 1136 Sweden, 1186 Switzerland, 1191 Taiwan, 1197 Thailand, 1215 Turkey, 1246 Ukraine, 1251 United Kingdom, 1258 United States, 1278 Venezuela, 1292 Zimbabwe, 1366 Ecological resources Atmosphere, 79 Biodiversity, 104 Biomes, 114 Biosphere, 119 Biosphere reserves, 121 Climate and resources, 213 Coral reefs, 255 Deserts, 299 Ecosystem services, 331 Ecosystems, 334 Ecozones and biogeographic realms, 338 Farmland, 410 Food chain, 447 Genetic diversity, 488 Global 200, 524 Grasslands, 535 Groundwater, 548 Lakes, 664 Monsoons, 777 National parks and nature reserves, 796 Oceans, 849 Ozone layer and ozone hole debate, 900 Primary production, 972 Rain forests, 992 Rangeland, 997 Soil, 1098 Space resources, 1132 Streams and rivers, 1161 Water, 1307 Weather and resources, 1321 Wetlands, 1327 Wilderness, 1336 Energy resources Animal power, 47 Athabasca oil sands, 77 Biofuels, 108 Coal, 217 Coal gasification and liquefaction, 224 Cogeneration, 232 Electrical power, 343 Energy economics, 357 Energy storage, 367 Fuel cells, 472 Gasoline and other petroleum fuels, 480 Geothermal and hydrothermal energy, 503 Hydroenergy, 579 Methanol, 739 Nuclear energy, 830 Ocean current energy, 843 Ocean thermal energy conversion, 844 Ocean wave energy, 846 Oil and natural gas chemistry, 856 Oil and natural gas distribution, 858 Oil and natural gas drilling and wells, 861 Oil and natural gas exploration, 864 Oil and natural gas formation, 867 Oil and natural gas reservoirs, 869 Oil industry, 875 Oil shale and tar sands, 879 Peak oil, 911 Peat, 913 Photovoltaic cells, 934 Plutonium, 956 Propane, 977 Solar chimneys, 1109 Solar energy, 1112 Steam and steam turbines, 1143 Tidal energy, 1225 Uranium, 1283 Water, 1307 Wind energy, 1345 Wood and charcoal as fuel resources, 1353 Environment, conservation, and resource management Agronomy, 21 Biological invasions, 112 Buildings and appliances, energy-efficient, 146 Climate and resources, 213 Coastal engineering, 227 Composting, 233 Conservation, 239 Conservation biology, 246 Deep ecology, 276 Drought, 316 Ecozones and biogeographic realms, 338 Environmental degradation, resource exploitation and, 375 Environmental engineering, 379 Environmental impact statement, 384 Environmental law in the United States, 384 Erosion and erosion control, 398 Federalism and resource management, 414 Fires, 426 Fisheries, 430 Floods and flood control, 441 Forest fires, 454 Forest management, 456 Forestry, 461 Green Revolution, 542 Greenhouse gases and global climate change, 544 Herbicides, 573 Horticulture, 576 Hydroponics, 588 Land ethic, 667 Land management, 670 Land-use planning, 673 Monoculture agriculture, 775 National parks and nature reserves, 796 Natural capital, 802 Overgrazing, 894 Ozone layer and ozone hole debate, 900 Pesticides and pest control, 923 Population growth, 963 Recycling, 1001 Reforestation, 1005 Renewable and nonrenewable resources, 1010 Slash-and-burn agriculture, 1092 Soil degradation, 1103 Soil management, 1106 Soil testing and analysis, 1107 Species loss, 1141 Sustainable development, 1183 Weather and resources, 1321 Wilderness, 1336 World Wide Fund for Nature, 1362 Geological processes and formations Aquifers, 57 Carbon cycle, 174 Deforestation, 277 Deltas, 282 Desertification, 295 Earthquakes, 323 Earth’s crust, 324 El Niño and La Niña, 342 Floods and flood control, 441 Geochemical cycles, 494 Geothermal and hydrothermal energy, 503 Geysers and hot springs, 516 Glaciation, 518 Greenhouse gases and global climate change, 544 Groundwater, 548 Hydrology and the hydrologic cycle, 585 Hydrothermal solutions and mineralization, 590 Igneous processes, rocks, and mineral deposits, 592 Leaching, 686 Lithosphere, 698 Magma crystallization, 706 Marine vents, 724 Metamictization, 731 Metamorphic processes, rocks, and mineral deposits, 732 Nitrogen cycle, 821 Oil and natural gas formation, 867 Ophiolites, 887 Pegmatites, 916 Phosphorus cycle, 932 Placer deposits, 938 Plate tectonics, 948 Plutonic rocks and mineral deposits, 954 Residual mineral deposits, 1013 Salt domes, 1053 Seafloor spreading, 1066 Secondary enrichment of mineral deposits, 1067 Sedimentary processes, rocks, and mineral deposits, 1068 Sulfur, 1173 Sulfur cycle, 1177 Volcanoes, 1300 Weathering, 1324 Government and resources Antiquities Act, 56 Argentina, 59 Atomic Energy Acts, 83 Australia, 85 Austria, 90 Belgium, 97 Brazil, 136 Canada, 162 Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 167 Chile, 192 China, 197 Clean Air Act, 210 Clean Water Act, 211 Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act, 216 Coastal Zone Management Act, 229 Congo, Democratic Republic of the, 235 Denmark, 283 Endangered Species Act, 353 Energy Policy Act, 361 Environmental impact statement, 384 Environmental law in the United States, 384 Exclusive economic zones, 407 Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S., 429 France, 467 General Mining Law, 487 Germany, 511 Greece, 538 India, 600 Indonesia, 606 Iran, 623 1464 • Category Index Global Resources Italy, 641 Japan, 650 Kazakhstan, 655 Land-use regulation and control, 675 Landsat satellites and satellite technologies, 680 Law of the sea, 685 Mexico, 741 Mineral Leasing Act, 747 Mineral resource ownership, 747 Multiple-use approach, 785 National Environmental Policy Act, 790 National Parks Act, Canadian, 795 The Netherlands, 807 Norway, 826 Peru, 918 Poland, 958 Portugal, 965 Public lands, 978 Reclamation Act, 1000 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1017 Russia, 1043 Saudi Arabia, 1058 South Africa, 1121 South Korea, 1127 Spain, 1136 Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement, 1156 Superfund legislation and cleanup activities, 1177 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, 1182 Sweden, 1186 Switzerland, 1191 Taiwan, 1197 Takings law and eminent domain, 1201 Taylor Grazing Act, 1208 Thailand, 1215 Turkey, 1246 Ukraine, 1251 United Kingdom, 1258 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1269 United States, 1278 Venezuela, 1292 Wilderness Act, 1341 Zimbabwe, 1366 Historical events and movements Alaska pipeline, 27 Chernobyl nuclear accident, 191 Dust Bowl, 318 Earth Summit, 321 Environmental movement, 390 Exxon Valdez oil spill, 408 Green Revolution, 542 Industrial Revolution and industrialization, 610 Los Angeles Aqueduct, 702 Manhattan Project, 716 Mineral resource use, early history of, 752 Oil embargo and energy crises of 1973 and 1979, 872 Reserve Mining controversy, 1012 Sagebrush Rebellion, 1049 Stockholm Conference, 1155 Three Mile Island nuclear accident, 1224 United Nations climate change conferences, 1262 Wise use movement, 1350 Laws and conventions Agenda 21, 7 Antarctic treaties, 52 Antiquities Act, 56 Atomic Energy Acts, 83 Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 167 Clean Air Act, 210 Clean Water Act, 211 Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act, 216 Coastal Zone Management Act, 229 Earth Summit, 321 Endangered Species Act, 353 Energy Policy Act, 361 Environmental law in the United States, 384 European Union Natura 2000, 404 General Mining Law, 487 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, 523 Kyoto Protocol, 662 Montreal Protocol, 780 National Environmental Policy Act, 790 National Parks Act, Canadian, 795 Public trust doctrine, 983 Ramsar Convention, 996 Reclamation Act, 1000 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1017 Stockholm Conference, 1155 Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement, 1156 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, 1182 Taylor Grazing Act, 1208 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 1266 United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1267 United Nations Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1268 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 1271 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1275 Water rights, 1315 Wilderness Act, 1341 Mineral and other nonliving resources Abrasives, 1 Aggregates, 8 Alloys, 28 Aluminum, 30 Antimony, 54 Arsenic, 66 Global Resources Category Index • 1465 . stu - 1458 • Web Sites Global Resources dent and teacher resources. The site links to depart - ments under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior,such as the Bureau of Land Management and. news ticker. United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division http://www.usdoj.gov/enrd/ Outlines the mission ofthedepartment andthede- partment’s litigation responsibilities list of rules and regula- tions, andlinkstoWeb sites ofaffiliated organizations. United States Department of the Interior http://www.doi.gov Includes news; featured video and audio; Web cams of