* Note: Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Continuous, mà chỉ dùng thì Present Simple: to be, to want, to need, to have có, to know, to understand hiểu Ex: - We are in grade twelve
Trang 1UNIT 1 HOME LIFE
Overcome overcame overcome khắc phục
PRONUNCIATION : Cách phát âm –s và –es của danh từ số nhiều)
Khi sử dụng danh từ số nhiều, ta thường thêm ‘s’ hoặc ‘es’ vào cuối danh từ đó.
Có 3 cách đọc:
- Đọc là /s/ sau các danh từ tận cùng là ‘c, f, k, p, t, th, gh, ph’ : books, roof, boots …
- Đọc là /iz/ sau các từ có hơi gió như ‘s, x, z, ch, sh (+ es), ce, ge (+ s) : dresses, boxes, toothbrushes, watches, sentences, judges…
- Đọc là /z/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại : ways, pens, pencils, potatoes, tomatoes …
Exercise 1 Which of the words contain the sound /s/,/z/ or /iz/.
1 Thì Hiện tại đơn (The Present simple) : V 1
a/ Cách chia: I, we, you, they + V0 (động từ nguyên mẫu không TO)
He, she, it, N (số ít) + V-s/es (lưu ý các đt tận bằng Y và Y sau nguyên âm) b/ Cách dùng:
Để diễn tả 1 sự thật hoặc 1 việc thường xảy ra / thói quen:
Ex Tom plays table-tennis very well. The sun rises in the east…
Trang 2 Dùng sau các liên từ chỉ thời gian hàm ý tương lai: as soon as, after, before, when, until …
Ex Let’s wait until the rain stops.
I’ll ring you as soon as I arrive at the hotel.
* Các trạng từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại đơn : always, usually, often,
sometimes, every day (… night / week / month / year, summer…), seldom, rarely…, once a
week, twice a month …Ex She often goes to school by bicycle.
2 The present continuous : (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
a/ Cách chia : S + am / is / are + V-ing
b/ Cách dùng:
Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra trong thời điểm hiện tại, hay sau 1 câu truyền khiến như :
Ex Listen! Someone is knocking at the door
Don’t make so much noise! The baby is sleeping.
* Những cụm từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn:
now, just now, right now, nowadays, at present, at the moment, today, this week, this month, these days.
* Note: Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Continuous, mà chỉ dùng thì Present Simple: to
be, to want, to need, to have (có), to know, to understand (hiểu)
Ex: - We are in grade twelve now
- I understand the lesson at the moment
3 The present perfect : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
a/ Cách chia : I / we / you / they + have + V 3 / ed
He / She / It + has + V 3 / ed
b/ Cách dùng:
Để diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra nhưng không rõ thời gian:
Ex I have seen that film.
Để diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra (thường đi kèm với ‘just, recently, lately’
Để diễn tả 1 sự việc đã xảy ra và còn liên quan đến hiện (already, not…yet, never, ever,
three times, several/many times, up to now, up to the present, until now, so far , For + khoảng thời gian, Since + mốc thời gian…
4 The present perfect continuous : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
a/ Cách chia : S + have / has + been + V-ing
b/ Cách dùng : Để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại
( wait, sleep, study….)
Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours / since 3 o’clock
Exercise 1 Choose the best answer
1 The sun _ the biggest planet in the solar system (is / was / has been / will be)
2 If you like skiing, there _ resort under an hour’s driving from Madrid
3 Ann often does the shopping, but I it today as she isn’t well
4 In my opinion, Carnival in Northen Brazil _ the best celebration in the world
A have neen B will be C was D is
5 It’s a lovely day today! The sun _ and the birds
A is shining / are singing B is shining / sing
C shines / sing D shines / are singing
6 Since 1980, scientists in the world _ a lot of things to fight AIDS
Trang 3A have done B are doing C did D had done
7 Would you like something to eat? – No, thanks I lunch with Tony
A have just had B just had C just have D just have had
8 Linda _ her identity card again This is the second time this
A lost / happened B has lost / happened
C has lost / has happened D lost / has happened
9 Amada left her job because they asked her to work on a night _
10 Chris is my close friend I trust him He’s always _ to help me whenever I have a problem
A willing B responsible C charge D available
Exercise 2 Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to complete the following story.
It (1) happened (happen) two years ago when I (2) was skiing (ski) in Austria It was a horrible day because it (3) was snowing and I (4) couldn’t see anything I (5) did not want to ski but my friend said,
“Come on This is our last day We must go.” So I went I (6) hadn’t skied in conditions like that before so when my friends (7) decided to go right up to the top of the mountain, I (8) didn’t join them After about half an hour by myself, I (9) stopped because I was cold and wet I (10) was getting into the cable car to
go down to the village and my wonderful warm hotel when I (11) slipped on some ice I (12) fell, and my skis (13) fell on top of me I (14) heard a terrible noise and knew something bad (15) had happened My
leg was broken What a way of ending a holiday!
Exercise 3 Underline the correct option.
1 Everything is going well We didn’t have / haven’t had any problems so far.
2 Lisa didn’t go / hasn’t gone to work yesterday She wasn’t feeling well.
3 Look! That man over there wears / is wearing the same sweater as you.
4 Your son is much taller than when I last saw him He grew / has grown a lot.
5 I still don’t know what to do I didn’t decide / haven’t decided yet.
6 I wonder why Jim is / is being so nice to me today He didn’t usually like that.
7 Jane had a book open in front of her, but she didn’t read / wasn’t reading it.
8 I wasn’t very busy I didn’t have / wasn’t having much to do
9 It begins / It’ s beginning to get dark Shall I turn on the light?
10 After leaving school, Tim got / has got a job in a factory.
11 I made a cup of coffee while she was reading the letter (read)
12.After I had finished eating, the waiter took my plate away (finish)
13 By the time I got to the party, most people had gone home (go)
14 She hasn’t had a day off through illness since she work at the company.
Exercise 4 Put the verbs into the correct form: past simple (I did), past continuous
(I was doing), past perfect (I had done), or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).
1 Yesterday afternoon Sarah …went….(go) to the station to meet Paul When she got there, Paul has been
waiting for her His train had arrived early.
2 When I got home, Bill was lying on the sofa The television was on, but he ……… wasn’t watching it.
He had fallen asleep and was snoring loudly I turned the television off and just then he woke up.
3 Last night I had just gone to bed and was reading a book when suddenly I heard a noise I got up to see what it was, but I didn’t see anything, so I went (go) back to bed.
4 Lisa had to go to New York last week, but she almost missed the plane She was standing in the queue
at the check-in desk when she suddenly realised that she had left (leave) her passport at home Fortunately she lives near the airport, so she had (have) time to take a taxi home to get it She got back to the airport
just in time for her flight
5 I met (meet) Peter and Lucy yesterday as I was walking through the park They had been (be) to the Sports Center where they had been playing tennis They was going (go) to the café and invited me to join them, but I had arranged to meet another friend and didn’t have time.
Trang 4Exercise 5 Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the following passage.
MY FIRST HOME
When my parents married, they rented a small house and they didn’t have a lot of money for furniture Thekitchen had a (1) ……for washing up and a cooker, but that was all They (2) ……an old table and a chairfrom the market They borrowed a sofa which was (3) ……old, but they (4) ……… it with modernmaterials so it was bright and cheerful
Outside, there was a small garden (5) …… the house, but in front of it there was only the roaD Luckilythe road wasn’t busy, so I could cross it to (6) ………the park on the (7) ……… side We lived there (8)
…… I was ten and we were very happy We had to (9) …… house because it was too small when my twinsisters were born We all (10) …… sad when we left
Exercise 6
1 Although we ………… all day, we haven’t managed to find a suitable applicant.
A are interviewing B have interviewed C have been interviewing D interviewed
4 Can you tell me who is responsible checking passports?
5 My father hasn’t seen his older brother _ thirty years.
6 She is leaving her husband because she cannot put _ his bad temper any longer.
7 Our parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home.
A deal with B manage C help together D work together
Exercise 1 Complete the text with words from the box.
Two years ago I went to a language school in England and stayed with a host family At that time I was
(1)hopeless at English and couldn’t understand them very well, but I could see they were more than a little mad They got (2) angry with me when I arrived because I didn’t take my shoes off They were really (3) proud of their house and (4) afraid of getting even a bit of dirt on their carpet But my first big problem was in the bedroom I am (5) allergic to cats and there, sitting on the bed, which was (6) covered in cat
hair, was the ugliest animal you have ever seen “He always sleeps here,” they said “You’ll soon get (7)
used to him.” I explained that I wasn’t very (8) fond of animals but they didn’t seem to be the least bit (9) interested in what I said The next day, I went to the accommodation office at school and said that it was (10) essential to change family.
afraid (of ) allergic (to) angry (with)
covered (in / with) essential fond (of) hopeless (at)
interested (in) proud (of) be / get used to + n / V-ing : quen
S + used to + Vo : …đã từng …
Trang 5UNIT 2 CULTURAL DIVERSITY
1/ PRONUNCIATION : Cách phát âm –ed
Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận cùng là ‘d’ và ‘t’ thì khi thêm ‘-ed’ ta đọc là /id/
decided, needed, posted, started …
Nếu động từ tận cùng bằng : f, k, p, s, x, ce, ch, gh, ph, sh khi thêm ‘-ed’ ta đọc là /t/ :
worked, stopped, kissed, washed, laughed …
(Câu thần chú dễ nhớ: Xin Sư Huynh (sh) Frank Sơn CHo Phép GHi CEll Khó)
Đọc là /d/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại : planned, loved, arrived …
Exercise 1 Read and put the words with underlined letters in the right column.
rained arrested involved received considered changed
brushed attracted happened played established laughed
wrapped asked improved finished earned closed
robbed faxed washed studied loved lik ed
2/ THE PAST TENSES (Các thì quá khứ)
1 The past simple : (thì quá khứ đơn)
a/ Cách chia : S + V 2/ed (Động từ “to be”: S + was / were)
b/ Cách dùng :
* Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và biết rõ thời gian, hoặc đã chấm dứt hẳn (thường đi kèm với các từ chỉ thời gian như : yesterday, last night / week / month / year / summer …, … ago, in
(2005), from 2000 to 2005
* Để diễn tả 1 chuỗi hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ :
Ex Last night, I heard someone knock at the door, I stood up, went to answer the door, but when I
opened it I couldn’t see anyone there
2 The past continuous : (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
a/ Cách chia : I / He / She / It / N(số ít + was + V –ing …
We / you / they / N(số nhiều) + were + V-ing …
b/ Cách dùng : * Diễn tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong
quá khứ ( at 7:00 last night)
* Diễn tả 2 sự việc cùng diễn ra song song trong quá khứ ( với các liên từ : while,
as): Yesterday, while my father was reading a book, my mother was cooking dinner.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang diễn ra (was / were + V-ing) thì có hành động khác đột xuất chen vào (V2):
When I came, they were having lunch.
Trang 63 The past perfect : (thì quá khứ hoàn thành / quá khứ kép)
a/ Cách chia : S + had + V 3/ed
b/ Cách dùng :* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm hoặc 1 một hành động khác trong quá
khứ (V2) trong câu có các liên từ: before, after, when):
- Before 2000, he had worked in that company
- When I got up this morning, my father had left for HCM city
Exercise 2 Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.
1 Sam had not received the parcel the last time I spoke (speak) to him.
2 I was considering buying a house but now I have changed my mind.
3 When you feel hungry later, room service will bring you whatever you want
4 I found it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I had lost my ticket.
5 Since I was paying for our lunch, I tried to attract the waiter’s attention.
6 As soon as I have had a good look at the designs, I will send them back to you.
7 I have been hoping to meet you ever since I read your first novel.
8 Whatever happens, I will meet you here in a week’s time.
9 By the time you have finished getting ready, we will have missed the train !
10 Sally! I didn’t expect to see you here What are you doing in New York?
Exercise 3 Complete the passage, using the word from the box that best fits each space.
Good personal relations based on mutual trust and esteem play a (1) particularly important role in doing business in Japan Hospitality given and received can play a (2) useful part in maintaining and establishing such relations While in Japan it is (3) enough for the visitor to offer a
meal in a restaurant or in his hotel: he is not expected to reciprocate entertaining on the Japanesescale
The Japanese do not expect foreigners to understand the (4) finer points of their own
etiquette but they like people who try to conform Shoes are removed before entering style houses and restaurants
Japanese-Most Japanese meals consist of a series of small dishes (5) Naturally the polite thing to do
is to eat what one is offered but Japanese hosts are understanding if a foreigner explains that he
finds a (6) particular dish unappetizing.
In Japan it is the almost (7) invariable custom to exchange visiting cards when one makes a new acquaintance This is useful to the foreign visitor, and it is (8) advisable to take a substantial
number of cards (say at least 100) for use in Japan
The custom of giving gifts to business and personal acquaintances is more (9) common than on most other countries Most of these gifts are(10) fairly small items and it is not necessary to receprocate (11) immediately Although it is customary to give something back in due course for
personal presents received from individuals It may be useful to take a number of souvenir items
such as English china, company pens or ties to give away on (12) suitable occasions Very high quality Scotch whisky also makes an (13) acceptable gift It is (14) important that all gifts should
be (15) carefully wrapped in gift wrapping paper.
16 The last time I was in Prague was in 1986
I haven’t been to Prague since 1986
17 The company hasn’t made a profit for 3 years
The last time the company made a profit was 3 years ago.
important immediately acceptable finer invariable
Trang 718 The last time I had a pay rise was 2 years ago I haven’t had a pay rise for 2 years.
Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer
1 What _at the moment?
A.do you do B.did you do C.have you done D.are you doing
2 Ben and Patty are in London on holiday They at a small hotel near Hyde Park
A.stay B are staying C.stayed D.are going to stay
3 The River Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean
A flows B.flow C.is flowing D.flowed
4 Jet engines a lot of noise
A.are making B.have made C.made D make
5 “Where’s Simon?” “He the dinner.”
A.is cooking B.cook C.cooks D.has cooked
6 He _ in London from 1970 to 1973
A.lives B.had lived C.has lived D lived
7 Marilyn Monroe _in 1962
A.died B.dies C.is dying D.had died
8 I was driving along when suddenly a child _across the road
A.run B runs C ran D.was running
9 I cut myself when I _
A.was shaving B.shaved C.am shaving D.have shaved
10 My car broke down when I to work
A.am driving B.was driving C.have been driving D.drove
11 I six kilometers so far this morning
A.walk B.walked C.am walking D.have walked
12 I _interested in jazz since I left school
A have been B.was C.am D.had been
13 The fire has gone out! - So it has I and get some sticks
A.am going to go B.will go C.go D.will be going
14 Did you remember to book seats? - Oh no, I forgot I for them now
A.am telephoning B.am going to telephone C.will telephone D.phone
15 “He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.” – “I’m sorry to hear that
I him some grapes.”
A.will sent B.am going to send C.will have sent D.will send
16 I’ve hired a typewriter and I _ type
A.am going to B will C.was going to D.are going to
17 I cakes That’s why my hands are all covered with flour
A.have been making B.have made C.made D.had made
18 He eating since he arrived
A.didn’t stop B.doesn’t stop C hasn’t stopped D.hadn’t stopped
19 Her phone _ for ten minutes I wonder why she doesn’t answer it
A.has rung B.rings C.is ringing D has been ringing
20 Where is Tom? I him today,but he told Mary that he’d be in for dinner
A.didn’t see B.don’t see C haven’t seen D.hadn’t seen
21 The earth _ round the sun
A.go B.went C.is going D goes
22 He in a cafe when I saw him
A.sat B.had sat C.has sat D was sitting
23 My company _ a lot of profits 5 years ago
A.had made B made C.has made D.makes
24 Is it the first time you our beautiful country?
A.visit B.visited C.are visiting D have visited
25 If I _ in your shoes, I would act differently
A.am B were C.have been D.had been
Trang 826 I _ learning English five years ago.
A.have started B.start C.was starting D started
27 We _ him for years
A.didn’t see B.don’t see C.hadn’t seen D.haven’t seen
28 They a new house in this corner of the street right now
A are building B.have been building C.were building D.build
29 My friends the army when they finished their schooling
A.joined B.have joined C.had joined D.has joined
30 How many films _ you _ this month?
A.have / seen B.did / see C.do / see D.will / see
31 Two miles _ enough for her to jog every morning
A.Are B is C.was D.do
32 When Daisy back from the beach, she _very red from the sun
She _in the sun too long
A came / looked / had been lying B came / looked / lain
33 Look! Her eyes red and wet She _
A are / has been crying B were / had cried
34 She says Titanic is the best film she
A.had seen B.saw C.has ever seen D.will see
35 He fatter now than some years ago
A look B looked C has looked D looks
36 A new bridge over the river next year
A.is built B.is being built C.will build D.will be built
37 We the museum when the fire started
A.visited B.had visited C.were visiting D.visit
38 This building _ finished by the end of 2012
A will have been B.will be C.is D.is going to be
39 The statue _ while it _ to another room in the museum
A.breaks/is being moved B broke / was being moved
C.broke/was moving D.has broken/was being moved
40 Yesterday I _ along the street when realized that a man with a black
beard, whom I _three times already, _me
A walked / saw / followed B was walking / had seen / was following
41 -I just _ out to get an evening paper
-But it why don’t you wait till the rain _?
A.am……going / is raining/stops B.have………gone / rains / will stop
42.When I first _ to this village it was a quiet place But since the population and a lot of leisure facilities _, it is not quiet any more
A come / has doubled / were built B came / has doubled / have been built
43 I never been to Hanoi
44.The last time he in public he _ a grey new suit
A was seen / was wearing B is seen / is wearing
C saw / wore D had been seen / had been wearing
45 Coming into the room he saw the key where he it
A.leaves B.left C.was leaving D had left
46 You _ for ages Have you nearly finished?
A.have telephoned B.have been telephoning C.phoned D.are phoning
47 This is the first time he a car so he feels nervous
A.is driving B.has been driving C.drove D.has driven
48 Tom his driving test three times because he is so bad at reversing
A.fails B.had failed C.has failed D.failed
49 By the time you finish your twelfth grade this summer, I _ from my university
A.will graduate B.will be graduating C.have graduated D.will have graduated
Trang 950.When my father next month, he will have been teaching for 40 years.
A.retires B.will retire C.is going to retire D.is retiring
51 I am going to meet you at the airport tomorrow After you clear custom, look for me just outside the gate I _ right by the door
A.will be standing B.will stand C.am standing D.stand
52 Her eyes were red because she
A.cried B.cries C.has been crying D.had been crying
53 When I went to see them last night, they _ chess
A were playing B.had been playing C.played D.are playing
54 I the book before my next birthday
A.will finish B.am going to finish C will have finished D.finish
55 She a headache for several hours
A.has B.had C.has had D.is having
56 I was watching a movie when you last night
A called B.were calling C.had called D.call
57 Do you think it tomorrow?
A.rains B.is raining C.rained D will rain
58 Where’s Tom? He said he _ here at 4:30 PM
A.would be B.will be C.was D.is
59 I’m hungry because I breakfast or lunch
A.don’t have B.didn’t have C.wasn’t having D haven’t had
60 By the time I got to Lucy’s house,she _already _ for work
A.had ……left B.has……left C.left D.is……leaving
61 When did you start school? I started school when I was six
62 When did you start learning English? I started learning English when I was in grade 6
63 How old were you when you finished primary school? I was 15 when I finished …
64 What subjects are you good at? / bad at? _
65 Do you want to be a good student?
66 What will you do to be good at English?
* Grammar The Future tenses (Các thì tương lai)
1 The Future simple (Thì tương lai đơn)
a/ Cách chia : S + will + V0 …
b/ Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai với :
- Quyết tâm hoặc hứa hẹn : I’ll go with you / I will tell him Don’t worry.
- Thường đi kèm với ‘someday, tomorrow, next week / month …, in two weeks
Ex He’ll come back next week
She won’t go there tomorrow.
2/ The future continuous (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn)
a/ Cách chia : S + will be + V-ing …
b/ Cách dùng: Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra ở 1 thời điểm trong tương lai
Ex He will be studying Chemistry at this time tomorrow.
We will be visiting Ha Long bay at this time next month.
3/ The future perfect (Thì tương lai hoàn thành)
Trang 10a/ Cách chia : S + will have + V3/ed
b/ Cách dùng : Diễn tả 1 sự việc đã hoàn thành tại một thời điểm trong tương lai.
Ex They will have built that bridge by April next year.
By next month, I will have left for Nha Trang.
* Thường đi kèm với ‘by then, by the time, by + mốc thời gian)
4/ The near future (Thì tương lai gần): S + am / is / are + going to + V …
diễn tả tương lai có dự định trước hoặc 1 việc sắp xảy ra
Ex We are going to buy a new bike next month (Đã có dự tính rồi)
Look at the clouds, it is going to rain (near future)
REPORTED SPEECH Câu tường thuật / câu gián tiếp
Khi động từ giới thiệu ở thì hiện tại (He says …), thì hiện tại hoàn thành (have/has said…)thì trong lời nói gián tiếp chỉ cần thay đổi đại từ
Khi động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said) thì trong lời nói gián tiếp ta phải thay đổi thì của
động từ, cụm từ chỉ thời gian, không gian
The ways to change direct speech into indirect speech
( Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp)
Present simple (V1) : have / has had past simple (V2)
Past simple (V2) past perfect (had V3)
Present perfect (have/has V3) past perfect (had V3)
Can could am / is / are was / were
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next day / the following day
three years ago 3 years before
next week / month / year the following week / month / year
last week / month / year the previous week / month / year…the week before…
Exercise 1 Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Nam Nam told you a lot of things
Here are some of the things he said to you.
a) I live here with my parents He said (that) he lived there with his parents.
b) Our new house is beautiful He said (that) their new house was beautiful.
c) I want to be a teacher of English He said (that) he wanted to be a teacher of English.
d) I’m thinking of going to study English in Australia. He said (that) he was thinking…
e) I can’t speak Chinese He said (that) he couldn’t speak Chinese
f) My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang
He said (that) his sister was then having a wonderful time in Nha Trang
g) I’ll be very busy today He said (that) he would be very busy that day
h) I must come to the meeting tomorrow
He said (that) he had to come to the meeting the next day / the following day
i) These roses are for you He said (that) those roses were for me
j) I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you later
He said (that) he was going away for a few days He would phone me later
2 Reported speech with question words : What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …
Giữ lại ‘question words’ , nghi vấn chuyển thành ‘khẳng định’ (không đảo ngữ)
Examples: “Where are you from?” Mrs Smith asked
She asked me where I was from (Lưu ý bỏ chấm hỏi)
“How many bedrooms are there?” Nam asked
I asked her how many bedrooms there were.
a/ “What sort of heating is there?” Nam asked
Trang 11I asked her what sort of heating there was.
b/ “What do you think of the flat?” Mrs Smith asked
She asked me what I thought of the flat.
c/ “How far is it to the school?” Nam asked
I asked her How far it was to the school.
d/ “How do you go to school?” Mrs Smith asked
She asked me how I went to school.
e/ “How much is the rent?” Nam asked
I asked her how much the rent was.
f/ “What sort of carpet do you want to replace?” Mrs Smith asked
She asked me what sort of carpet I wanted to replace.
g/ How often do you want the rent?” Nam asked.
I asked her how often I wanted the rent.
h/ “When are you moving in?” Mrs Smith asked
She asked me when I was moving in.
Exercise 3 Reported speech with Yes / No questions
Thêm ‘if / whether’, nghi vấn chuyển thành khẳng định (không đảo ngữ) Example: “Are you a student?” Mrs Smith asked.
She asked me if / whether I was a student.
a/ “Is there a phone?” I asked her if / whether there was a phone.
b/ “Do you have a lot of friends?” She asked me if / whether I had a lot of friends.
c/ “Is there a fridge in the kitchen?”
I asked her if / whether there was a fridge in the kitchen
d/ “Do you smoke?” She asked me if / whether I smoked.
e/ Do you sometimes have a party? She asked me if / wheter I sometimes had a party.
f/ “Does the flat have central heating?”
I asked her if / whether the flat had central heating
g/ “Can I move the furniture around?”
I asked her if / whether I could move the furniture around
h/ “ Do you often get home after 10.30 pm?”
She asked me if / whether I often got home after 10.30 pm
i/ “Is there a TV in the bedroom?”
I asked her if / whether there was a TV in the bedroom
Exercise 4 “What country do you come from?” said Bill.
Bill asked what country I came from.
a/ “Can you speak English?” Ann asked if / whether I could speak English.
b/ “How long are you staying here?” asked Peter Peter asked me how long I was
c/ “Are you working as well as studying?” said Linda
Linda asked if / whether I was working as well as studying
d/ “What are you going to study?” asked Ann Ann asked what I was going to study.
e/ “Do you want to buy any second-hand books?” said Bill
Bill asked whether I wanted to buy any second-hand books
f/ “What kind of sports do you like best?” asked Peter Peter asked what kind g/ “Are you interested in acting?” said Linda Linda asked if / whether I was _
h/ “Do you like to join our Drama group?” asked Linda
Linda asked if / whether I liked to join their Drama group
i/ “What do you think of the canteen coffee?” asked Ann
Ann asked what I thought of the canteen coffee
j/ “ What sort of drinks do you like?” said Bill Bill asked what sort of drinks _
k/ “How many students are there in your class?” asked Mr Bill
Mr Bill asked how many students there were in my class
l/ “What foreign languages do they teach besides English?” said Lan
Trang 12 Lan asked what foreign languages they taught besides English.
m/ “I’ve fallen in love with a beautiful girl,” he said
He said that he had fallen in love with a beautiful girl
n/ “ I sent her a valentine card,” he said He said he had sent her a valentine card.
o/ “ I’ve bought her a diamond ring,” he said
He said he had bought her a diamond ring
p/ “We’re going to attend a very important meeting on Sunday,” he said
He said they were going to attend a very important meeting on Sunday
q/ “I’m going to Cantho city next week,” he said
He said he was going to Cantho city the following week
r/ “We’ll see you at the zoo tomorrow,” she said
She said they would see me at the zoo the following day
s/ “I came back from the USA three weeks ago,” she said
She said she had come back from the USA three weeks before
t/ “We got home late last night,” they said
They said they had got home late the night before
u/ “I’m studying at home today,” she said
She said she was studying at home that day
v/ “I’m not going out tonight,” he said He said he was not going out that night.
w/ “You should memorize five new words every day,” the teacher said
The teacher advised me to memorize five new words every day
x/ “Remember to turn off the water tap after using it,” mother said to me
Mother told me to turn off the water tap after using it
y/ “Don’t stay up late and get up early,”father said to us
Father told me not to stay up late and to get up early
z/ “Don’t go out alone at night because it is very dangerous,” he said
He told me not to go out alone at night because it was very dangerous
2 A vacancy B wholesale C retail D category
4 A application B education C addition D question
* Cách đổi câu chủ động sang bị động
+ Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ cho câu bị động
+ Động từ của câu bị động thành lập theo dạng : BE + V3/-ed
+ Lấy chủ ngữ của câu chủ động làm tân ngữ cho câu bị động, có ‘by’ đứng trước.
+ Thì của động từ ‘BE’ được chia cùng thì với động từ chính trong câu chủ động
Passive : S Be +V3/-ed by O
Đối với Modal verbs như: can, could, will, would, should, must, ought to, have to, is going
to … ta chỉ cần thêm ‘be’vào giữa can… và V 3/-ed
have / has / had + V3/ed), ta chỉ cần thêm ‘been’ vào giữa.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn (am / is / are + V-ing) và quá khứ tiếp diễn (was / were + V-ing) ta chen
thêm ‘being’ vào trước V3/-ed của động từ chính
Trang 131 Underline the suitable verb form in each sentence The first one is done for you.
1 A kettle is used / uses to boil water.
2 Tennis is played / played with a racket.
3 Uranium discovered / was discovered by Marie Curie.
4 Sheakepeare was written / wrote Hamlet.
5 The road was built / built in 1991.
6 Pictures are spoken / speak more than words.
7 Flowers need / are needed water every day.
Exercise 2 Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
1 They had cleaned the room before we came
The room had been cleaned before we came
2 The earthquake has totally destroyed the town
The town has totally been destroyed by the earthquake.
3 The children are going to organize a surprise party
A surprise party are going to be organized by the children.
4 When did they design this building?
When was this building designed?
5 We could have taken the car to the garage today
The car could have been taken to the garage today.
6 Jane will complete the report tomorrow. The report will be completed tomorrow by J
7.Mr Barack Obama has bought a holiday home A holiday home has been bought by
8 The decision has deprived many people of the right to vote
Many people has been deprived of the right to vote by the decision.
9 The farmer prevented walkers from crossing the field
Walkers were prevented from crossing the field by the farmer.
10 They will announce the President’s arrival to the waiting journalists
The President’s arrival will be announced to the waiting journalists.
Exercise 3 Supply the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
Every child in England (1) is provided with full time education from the age
of five to sixteen Many parents send their children to state schools where the tuition and the equipment,
textbooks and exercise books (2) are given free of charge About 5% of children go to fee-paying school.
Under the old system, children attended primary school (from five to eleven) which (3) was followed by a
secondary school course (from eleven to fifteen or over) At eleven every child had to sit for the plus examination It consisted of tests in English, arithmetic and intelligence tests Those with the highest
eleven-marks (about 20% of the children) (4) were allowed to go to grammar school The others (5) were sent to
technical schools
Exercise 4 Use ‘to be V3/ed’, to have been V3/ed or being V3/ed, having been V3/ed
1 It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.
2 Rick ignored the problems despite having been warned about them.
3 The men wanted to avoid being seen on security cameras.
4 Alice is hoping to be promoted soon.
5 The goods ought to have been deliverd two weeks ago.
6 The system was adopted without being tested / having been tested three weeks ago.
7 I’d like the money to be transfered immediately, please.
8 The Chief Executive insisted on being informed of every detail.
9 I’m afraid the documents seem to have been mislaid.
10 As well as being moved / having been moved to a less important job, Emily had suffered a drop in
salary
11 When I woke up in hospital, I remembered being bitten by a snake but
nothing after that
Trang 1412 Changes to the taxation are expected to be proposed by the government.
13 The state school system can be divided _ two levels of education : primary school and secondary school
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ( IF )
Câu điều kiện thường có một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một mệnh đề phụ (If clause) Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Có 3 loại :
1 Type I : Chỉ điều kiện có thể xảy ra trong tương lai (Future possible)
If S + V 1 …, S + will / can + V 0 (nguyên mẫu không TO)
Ex If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass your exam.
2 Type II : Chỉ điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại ( Present Unreal)
If S + V 2 …, S + would / could + V 0 …
Ex If I were a bird, I would be a dove (dùng ‘were’ không dùng ‘was’)
3 Type III : Chỉ điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ (Past Unreal)
If S + had V 3 …, S + would have + V 3/-ed …
Ex If he had studied hard last year, he would have passed the graduation exam
Mixed Conditionals (Điều kiện kết hợp) :
If S + had V3 …(giống loại III), S + would + V 0 …(giống loại II)
Ex If she had applied for that job last year, she would be rich now.
Choose one sentence that best rewrites the root one.
1 He didn’t work hard, so he failed the exam.
A If he work hard, he wouldn’t fail the exam
B If he hadn’t worked hard, he would have failed the exam
C He would have passed the exam if he had worked hard
D He had passed the exam if he would have worked hard
2 If I had had your address, I would have sent you a present.
A I don’t have your address, so I won’t send you a present
B I didn’t send you a present because I didn’t have your address
C I hadn’t had your address; that’s why I wouldn’t have sent you a present
D I don’t send you a present because I wouldn’t have your address
3 I was tired because I stayed up late last night.
A If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t have been tired
B I hadn’t been tired if I wouldn’t have stayed up late last night
C If I had stayed up late last night, I would have been tired
D I wouldn’t be tired if I didn’t stay up late last night
4 You wouldn’t have made many mistakes if you had been careful.
A You didn’t make many mistakes because you weren’t careful
B You made many mistakes because you were careful
C You were careful, so you didn’t make many mistakes
D You weren’t careful , so you made many mistakes
Trang 155 You didn’t do as I told you; that’s why you didn’t succeed.
A If you hadn’t done as I told you, you wouldn’t have succeeded
B If you had done as I told you, you would have succeeded
C You would have succeeded if you hadn’t done as I told you
D You wouldn’t have succeeded if you had done as I told you
Find the mistake (A, B, C or D).
1 I had gone to see you if I had known that you were ill A (would have gone)
2 If Mr Black weren’t late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job A (hadn’t been)
3 We wouldn’t have enjoyed that party because it was very long A (didn’t enjoy)
A B C D
4 My sister has been ill from yesterday and I have to look after her B (since)
A B C D
5 If I were you, I would have forgotten about buying a new car B (would forget)
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using conditional sentences.
1 If the weather is nice on Sunday, ………
2 Unless you hurry up, ………
3 I wouldn’t live in this neighbourhood, ………
4 If I had your address, ………
5 Had you asked me earlier, ………
6 What would you do if ………
7 If I were a millionaire, ………
8 If I were a bird, ………
9 If I were a flower, ………
10 If there is a lot of fog, the flight will be delayed.
11 If the flight is delayed, she will be late for the meeting.
* Use the following phrases for the sentences from 13 to 22
Go on a diet give you a lift study harder brush your teeth finish your homework play basketball help you carry them
stay in bed do the test well do exercises every morning
13 If you want to be healthy, you ought to do exercises every morning
14 If you want to be better, you should stay in bed.
15 If you want to lose weight, you should go on a diet
16 If he is taller, he can play basketball.
17 If you want to have healthy teeth, you have to brush your teeth after each meal.
18 If you don’t learn the lessons carefully, you cannot do the test well.
19 If you want to pass the next exam, you must study harder.
20 If you want to go to town, I can give you a lift.
21 If you want to play computer games, you must finish your homework.
22 If the suitcases are too heavy, I can help you carry them.
23 If her son studied hard, he wouldn’t hate school
24 If he didn’t work 12 hours a day, he wouldn’t been tired
25 If she could find the time, she would read a lot
26 If he didn’t eat too much, he wouldn’t be overweight
27 A interviewed B finished C worked D dressed
28 A receive B achieve C increase D creative
29 It would have been better if you wouldn’t have argued with him last night
A B C (hadn’t argued) D
30 Suppose you haven’t found your car keys, what would you have done?
Trang 16II Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense to form 3 rd or mixed condition.
1 If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it.
2 We would be still living in Cardiff if we hadn’t found someone to buy our house last year.
3 If Hilary hadn’t looked out of the window at that moment, she wouldn’t have spotted
the criminals trying to break into her car.
4 Nobody would ever have guessed he was a thief if he hadn’t been caught
handed taking money from the safe
5 Henry would never have got that job at the bank if he hadn’t gone to school
with the manager’s son
6 Just think, if I had taken that job with the export company, I would be living in
Sao Paulo now, not Manchester!
7 If the doctor hadn’t noticed the defect when I was child, I would be practically
blind by now
8 We would have been home in beds ages ago if you hadn’t lost the map.
9 Frank wouldn’t be here today if that boy hadn’t known how to do artificial
respiration
10 If you had listened to the traffic report on the radio this morning, we
wouldn’t be sitting here in this jam.
Who : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ : who + V + O …
Ex The woman who lives next door is very friendly.
Whom : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ : whom + S + V + O …
Ex The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle.
Which : Đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ : which …
Ex The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa.
The dog which you gave me is lovely.
That : dùng sau danh từ chỉ người và vật : The book that you lent me is interesting.
This is the man that I met in Paris last month.
* That được dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh nhất (the best, the most…, everybody, anybody, nobody,
somebody, everything, something …)
Ex He’s the best teacher that I have ever known.
I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
* That không bao giờ dùng sau dấu phẩy (mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định), cũng không
dùng sau giới từ
Whose : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để chỉ sở hữu : whose + N + …
Ex I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor.
When : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian :
Ex I’ll never forget the day when I met her.
Where : Đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn : Dalat is the place where I like to come.
Why : Đứng sau từ chỉ lý do (the reason): I don’t understand the reason why he was late.
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
- Mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta dùng ‘phân từ hiện tại’(present participle): V-ing
Ex Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?
Trang 17 Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?
- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động, ta dùng ‘quá khứ phân từ’: V 3/-ed
Ex The students who were punished by the teacher are very lazy
The students punished by the teacher are very lazy.
I Choose the word with main stress placed differently from that of the others.
1 A accompany B category C resume D advice
2 A retail B vacancy C interview D fantastic
3 A responsibility B congratulation C electrician D qualification
4 A confident B impression C employment D diploma
5 A experience B suitable C concentrate D comment
6 A polite B honest C enthusiasm D technique
7 A irrigation B manufacture C imaginary D engineer
8 A workforce B journalist C interested D throughout
9 A popularity B congratulate C disappointed D advertisement
10 A financial B pressure C technical D advertise
II Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentences.
11 I am so that I cannot say anything, but keep silent
A nerve B nervous C nervously D nervousness
12 _ speaking, I do not really like my present job
A Honest B Honesty C Honestly D Dishonest
13 A letter of is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview
A recommend B recommended C recommender D recommendation
14 Her job was so _ that she decided to quit it
A interesting B satisfactory C stressful D wonderful
15 Some days of rest may help to _ the pressure of work
16 Can you tell me some information that _ to the job?
A indicates B expesses C interests D relates
17 Not all teenagers are well _ for their future job when they are at high school
A interested B satisfied C concerned D prepared
18 Qualifications and _ are two most important factors that help you to get a good job
A politeness B experience C attention D impression
19 I have just called a job interview I am so nervous
20 What do I have to bring me to the interview?
21 My father works for a construction company in _(A)
A Winchester, which is a city in the U.K B Winchester, that is a city in the U.K
C Winchester, where is a city in the U.K D Winchester is a city in the U.K
III. Choose the correct answer.(Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng).
1 I hate _ at weekends
A.working B.work C worker D.worked
2 Would you like _ to a disco this evening?
3 Can I help you _ your things?
A.to move B.move C.moving D.Both A and B
4 I had hoped the musical show Rainbow,but I couldn’t any tickets.
A.to see/get B/to see/to get C.see/get D.to see/getting
5 Stop _ so much noise.People are trying _
A.to make/ to sleep B.making/to sleep C.making/sleeping D.to make/slept
6 Would you like something ?
A.drink B.drank C.to drink D.drinking
Trang 187 You should _ to avoid through the city centre at the rush hour.
A.try / driving B.to try / driving C.trying / to drive D.trying / driving
8 I want a few days about their offer before _ a decision
A.to think / making B.to think/make C.thinking/making D.think/making
9 They suggested dinner in an Indian restaurant
A.have B.to have C.had D.having
10 It’s unusual for him _ ill
11 It was horrible to work as an au pair My family expected me seven days a week A.work B.working C.worked D.to work
12 Do you prefer to ?
A.ski/ice-skating B.skiing/ice-skating C.ski/ice-skate D to ski/ ice-skate
13 I’m very fond of by the sea
A.to walk B.walking C.walker D.walk
14 I rang the doorbell,but no one seemed at home
15 It was good of you _ everything to me
A explain B explaining C to explain D explained
16 I’d advise you _ alone in that part of the city
A not to walk B not walk C not walking D don’t walk
17 I remember her once,but I can’t remember her name
A meeting B to meet C met D not meeting
18 I’d like _ a copy of a letter Could you me how _ the photocopier?
A to make / show / to use B to make / show / use
C making / show / to use D make / show / to use
19 I feel like _ anything at all this evening
A not to do B not doing C don’t do D do
20 We’re very much looking forward to you next week
A see B saw C to see D seeing
21 I mustn’t the doctor tomorrow morning
A.forget / phone B to forget / to phone C forget / to phone D.forgot / to phone
22 The customs officer made me _ my suitcases
A.empty B.to empty C.emptied D.emptying
23 _ too many sweets is bad for your teeth
A.Eating B.Eat C.Ate D.Eaten
24 Sarah has decided _ on holiday this summer
A not to go B doesn’t go C not going D go
25 They stopped at one o’clock something
A.working/to have/to eat B.to work/to have/to eat
C.working/having/eating D.working/to have/eat
26 It was very kind of you her the money
27 These shoes need .They ‘ve got holes in them
A.repair B.repairing C.to repair D.repaired
28 I wouldn’t recommend _ in that supermarket.It’s very expensive
A.shopping B.shop C.to shop D.shopper
29 Would you mind _ the door for me,please?
A.opening B.to open C.open D.opened
30 When you leave the room,don’t forget _ all the lights
A.switch off B.to switch off C.switching off D.switched off
31 They saw Mary in the garden as they drove past
A.sunbathing B.to sunbathe C.sunbathed D.sunbathes
32 I’m tired.I regret to bed late last night
A.going B.to go C.went D.go
Trang 1933 I really must go now.I’ve got a train _.
A.catch B.to catch C.catching D.caught
34 I need some new clothes to the party
A.to wear B.wore C.wear D.wearing
35 “Why are you so quiet?” – “I haven’t got anything _.”
A to say B say C saying D said
36 I’ve got some letters
A write B wrote C writing D to write
37 Can we meet today?I’ve got something important _ you
A.tell B.telling C.to tell D.told
38 Have you got a key _ this door?
A.to unlock B.unlock C.unlocked D.unlocking
39 I enjoy up early in the morning
A.get B.to get C.getting D.got
40 I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished _it
A reading B to read C reader D read
IV Fill in each gap with an appropriate preposition.
36 She’s very keen _ on _ getting a highly-paid job.
37 We’re interviewing _ for _ the job in the Sales Department.
38 He was tempted to give up _ freelancing and get a regular job.
39 You will receive training in _ the job.
40 Try to make an immediate impression _ on your interviewer.
41 You may jot _down_ your qualifications and experience that can relate _to_ the job.
42 I’ll tell you how to succeed in a job interview.
43 I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding a better-paid job.
44 He’s been _ out of _ work since the factory closed.
45 Ask some questions to show that you’re interested _ in _ the interview and that you have prepared well _ for _ it.
V Add a relative pronoun or a relative adverb to complete the following sentences.
46 Students _ who _ get below-average exam results do not have the best prospects.
47 Only about 70 people live on Lundy Island, _ which _ lies off the coast of Devon.
48 Accidents _which / that _ happen at night usually involve fewer people.
49 Marian Evans, _ who _ wrote under the name of George Eliot was a great novelist.
50 Religion is a subject on _ which _ people hold very firm opinions.
51 Unfortunately we live in a part of the city _ where _ there’s no underground line.
52 There must be a reason _ why _ no one has replied to our message.
53 The Queen’s eldest son is Charles, _ whose _ marriage to Diana ended in 1996.
54 No one cares about the starving people for _ whom _ the aid is intended.
55 Lin wishes she still had the camera _ which / that _ James broke.
56 Steve couldn’t understand the woman _ who / whom _ Hannah was interviewing.
57 There isn’t a moment _ when _ I’m not thinking of you.
58 I wish to thank a number of people for _ whose _ support I am extremely grateful.
59 We ate most of the food and threw away _ what _ we couldn’t eat.
60 She cycled from London to Glasgow, _ which _ is pretty good for a woman of 75.
VI Choose the correct answer.(Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng).
61 It is of great importance to create a good impression _ your interview
62 Good preparations your job interview is a must
63 Being well-dress and punctual can help you create a good _ on your interviewer
A impression B pressure C employment D effectiveness
Trang 2064.Many children are under such a high _ of learning that they don’t feel happy at school.
A recommendation B interview C pressure D concentration
65 To my _, I was not offered the job
A happiness B pressure C joy D disappointment
66 Many people will be out of _ if the factory is closed
67 I / look forward / hear / you I look/am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
VII Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.
1 Since he went to university, Mike has become very interested _ environment issues
2 It’s piecework, so how much you earn depends _ how fast you can work
3 The job offer was too good for Jennifer to turn _
4 She has been _ for an interview for the manager’s job
A called B carried C hold D brought
5 The agency will let you know if they have any suitable _
A redundancies B vacancies C abilities D capabilities
6 One condition of this job is that you must be _ to work at weekends
A available B capable C acceptable D accessible
7 A skilled _ will help candidates feel relaxeD
A interview B interviewing C interviewee D interviewer
8 The company employs a _ of nearly 5000
A workload B workman C workforce D workout
9 With so much _ , I’m lucky to be in work
A employees B employers C employment D unemployment
10 She applied for the new _ of training officer
Undergo underwent undergone chịu (đựng)
Though, although, even though (mặc dù) S + V …, (không dùng ‘but’) S V … Despite / in spite of + N / noun phrase
Because + S + V … Vì / Bởi vì … (Sau ‘because’ phải là mệnh đề)
Because of + N / Noun phrase (Sau ‘because of’ là danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ)
Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with although/in spite of/because/because of
1 He went home early because he was feeling sick.
2 He went to work the next day although he was still feeling not well.
3 She only accepted the job because of the high salary.
4 She accepted the job in spite of the low salary.
5 The old man managed to get to sleep although there was a lot of noise.
6 The old man couldn’t get to sleep because of the noise.
Exercise 2 Underline the correct phrase.
1 His shirt is still dirty even though / even if he has washed it three times.
2 They drink water from the paddy field even though / even if they know it is polluted.
3 We will go ahead with our project even though / even if our partners pull out.
Trang 214 My friend enjoys going to disco even though / even if he doesn’t like dancing.
5 Even though / Even if the building was in perfect condition, it would still be
impossible to use it
* even if = even though (in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that …): cho dù …
You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready.
2 mệnh đề trong câu có ‘even though’ cùng thì (the same tense)
‘even if’ có cấu trúc giống mệnh đề ‘if’
Exercise 3 Write a new sentence with the same meaning Use the words in parentheses in your sentence.
1 He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired (in spite of)
In spite of being tired / his tiredness, he couldn’t sleep.
2 Although he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian (despite)
Despite the fact that he’s got a Vietnamese name ,he’s in fact a Cambodian
3 In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home before dark (although)
Although her feet was injured, she managed to get home before dark.
4 He decided to get the job although the salary was low ( in spite of)
In spite of the low salary, he decided to get the job.
5 In spite of not having eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry (even though)
Even though he hadn’t eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry.
6 They lost the match, although they were a better team (despite)
Despite the fact that they were a better team, they lost the match.
7 They went out although it rained ( in spite of )
They went out in spite of rain.
8 It was cold, but he went swimming Although it was cold, he went swimming.
Exercise 4 Underline the correct word or phrase Both answers may be correct.
1 Although / In spite of we left late, we still got there in time.
2 It was a fantastic evening although / in spite of the terrible food.
3 We have decided to go despite / although the cost of the tickets.
4 They enjoyed the course, although / despite it was very difficult.
5 I love the sea though / whereas most of my friends prefer the mountains.
6 Because / While Sophia’s father is from Spain, she doesn’t speak Spanish.
7 Despite / Although the fact that Reid failed to scored himself, he helped Jones to score
two goals
8 Confident as / though she felt, she knew the examination would not be easy.
9 The driver stopped to let on more passengers even though / even if the bus was full.
10 While / Whereas I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an
A grade
11 Experienced though / although the climbers were, they had never faced such severe
conditions before
12 I still couldn’t afford to go to Paris, even though / even if I took the cheapest route.
13 We told John the car was too expensive However / Although, he still bought it.
14 Despite / Although having to cope with three small children, she is taking a part-time
MBA course
15 Most people you meet will be polite to you …… You are polite to them
Ex 5 Choose A, B, C or D – that best completes the sentences.
1 Everybody should be made aware _ the risks involved
2 The recent economic crisis has brought _ a slump in world trade
3 The government is aiming 50% reduction _ unemployment
A to – in B at – in C at – of D for – of
Trang 224 Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign _.
A policy B political C politics D politician
5 The President has _ his commitment to the peace process
A reargued B reenacted C reaffirmed D reminded
6 The government made serious attempts to raise the _ of living
7 The police have asked for the _ of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the escaped convict
A partnership B cooperation C association D alliance
8 As a result of the strike, the government is urging people to be with electricity
A economy B economic C economical D economically
9 the wet weather, the football match went aheaD
A Although B Owing to C Since D In spite of
10 _ he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home
Exercise 6 Complete these sentences in a logical way.
1 I understood what she was saying although _
2 I was able to follow what she was saying whereas
3 We enjoyed the holiday in spite of
4 The exam was very difficult However,
5 Although it’s a long film, _
6 I wouldn’t tell where John lives even if _
7 She was good at physics despite the fact that _
8 He is still out of work despite _
9 There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so, _
10 Hot though the night air was,
11 Hôm qua mặc dù trời mưa, tôi vẫn đi đến trường đúng giờ
12 Mặc lời khuyên của thầy cô, anh ấy vẫn không cố gắng học hành siêng năng hơn
13 Bạn sẽ đậu tốt nghiệp nếu bạn học hành siêng năng
14 Nếu năm ngoái anh ấy học hành siêng năng, anh ấy đã thi đậu
15 Nếu là chim, tôi sẽ là loài bồ câu trắng; nếu là hoa, tôi sẽ là đóa hướng dương
1 Mạo từ xác định (definite article): THE
- Dùng trước danh từ chỉ người hay vật đã được nhắc đến trước đó :
I bought a shirt and a pullover this morning Unluckily, the pullover is too tight.
- Dùng trước DT mà người nói và người nghe đều biết, dù chưa được nhắc đến :
Ex Where’s the bathroom? – Over there, in the corner.
- Dùng trước danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất : the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky…
- Trước tính từ dùng như danh từ để chỉ 1 nhóm : The rich should help the poor.
- Trước danh từ xác định do cụm từ phía sau :
The girl in blue… the man with the red banner…
The boy that I met… the place where I met him … the tower of London…
- Trước dạng so sánh nhất và số thứ tự:
The first week, the best day, the most beautiful…
- Trước tên các đại dương, sông núi, sa mạc, phương hướng …
Trang 23The Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara, the Thames, the Nile, in the east…
- Tên các nhạc cụ và nhóm nhạc : the guitar, the piano, the Beatles …
2 Mạo từ không xác định (indefinite article) : a, an (trước danh từ đếm được)
a dùng trước phụ âm và an dùng trước nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u)
- Khi đề cập lần đầu tiên: I met a good person on the street.
- Trước nghề nghiệp của một ai đó: My father is a doctor.
- Trước đối tượng riêng lẻ, có nghĩa là ‘một’ : 60 kilometres an hour
- Trong câu cảm thán với danh từ đếm được:
What a beautiful day! Such a pretty girl!
3 Không dùng mạo từ
- Trước tên các quốc gia : Japan, China …
Trừ: The United States, The United Kindom, The Philippines, The Netherlands.
- Trước tên các ngôn ngữ, bữa ăn, môn thể thao :
French, English…, breakfast, lunch, dinner…, football, volleyball …
- Trước tước hiệu, ngọn núi, ao hồ :
Queen Elizabeth, President Obama, Mount Everest …
Exercise 1 Put in a / an or the where necessary or Ø (không thêm gì cả)
1 I don’t usually like staying at ………… hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at
a very nice hotel by the sea.
2 …… tennis is my favourite sport I play once or twice a week if I can, but I’m not
a very good player
3 I won’t be home for …….dinner this evening I’m meeting some friends after ….work and we’re going to the cinema
4 ….unemployment is increasing at the moment and it’s getting difficult for … people to find … work
5 There was an accident as I was going … home last night Two people were taken to …hospital I think most accidents are caused by … people driving too fast
6 Carol is an economist She used to work in the investment department of … Lloyds Bank Now she works for an American bank in the United States
7 A: What’s the name of the hotel where you’re staying?
B: … Imperial It’s in Queen Street in the city center It’s near a station
8 I have two brothers: The older one is training to be a pilot with British Airways, the younger one is still at … school When he leaves … school, he wants to go to …university to study law
9 Last night we had a terrible storm Our children were frightened by the thunder
10 Frank Lloyd Wright is the name of a famous architect He is the architect who designed the Guggenheim Museum in New York
Exercise 2 Put in one of the following: at, on, in, during, for, since, by, until.
1 Jack has gone away He’ll be back in a week.
2 We’re having a party on Saturday Can you come?
3 I’ve got an interview next week It’s at 9.30 on Tuesday morning
4 Sue isn’t usually here at / on weekends She goes away
5 The train service is very good The train are nearly always on time
6.It was a confusing situation Many things were happening at the same time
7 I couldn’t decide whether or not to buy the sweater In the end I decided to leave it
8 The road is busy all the time, even at night
9 I met a lot of nice people during my stay in New York
10 I saw Helen on Friday, but I haven’t seen her since then
11 Brian has been doing the same job for five years
12 Lisa’s birthday is at the end of March I’m not sure exactly which day it is
Trang 2413 We have some friends staying with us at the moment They’re staying until Friday.
14 If you’re interested in applying for the job, your application must be received
by Saturday
15 I’m just going out I won’t be long – I’ll be back in ten minutes
Exercise 3 Put in the missing preposition.
1 The plan has been changed, but nobody seems to know the reason for this
2 Don’t ask me to decide I’m not very good at making decisions
3 Some people say that Sue in unfriendly, but she’s always very nice to me
4 What do you think is the best solution to the problem?
5 There has been a big increase in the price of land recently
6 He lives a rather lonely life He doesn’t have much contact with other people
7 Paul is a keen photographer He likes taking pictures of people
8 Michael got married to a woman he met when he was studying at college
9 He’s very brave He’s not afraid of anything
10 I’m surprised at / by the amount of traffic today I didn’t think it would be so busy
Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer.
1 Andy ………my wallet while he was walking home
2 I’m sorry Dad’s not here this weekend, he’s …… to my uncle’s house
3 We can meet at the café ………the cinema ( across / next / opposite )
4 I haven’t read any English books ……… last year ( yet / since / before / after)
5 The sports stadium isn’t as modern ………the skateboard park
6 ……… this author written many books? ( Did / Is / Has / Do )
7 My family arrived in this country fifty years ……
8 Several languages ……… taught at this school
9 Thank you very much …… the presents you have given us
10 It’s best to go round the city center on ………
11 Alice is the girl ………guitar I borrowed for the concert (that / whose / her / his)
12 Be careful when you step ……….the bus (out / off / down / for)
13 We used to live next ………to my grandparents (door / house / place / home)
14 Adrian wanted to know where …… the CD player
A did you buy B I had bought C was bought D I had buy
15 I’m afraid there aren’t ……cups for everyone to have coffee (many / much / enough)
16 They searched the whole house by
17 We haven’t got _ left We must have some when we go shopping
A a butter B any butter C the butter D some butter
18 I didn’t have time for _ this morning because I was in hurry
Exercise 5 Use the words given to write complete sentences
1 It is not so easy to imagine what life will be like in the future
2 from what had happened and from what is happening,we can make some predictions
3 First, in the future / life will become / very automatic
4 Many things will be done by computerised control
Trang 255 People will eat more of prepared and even pre-digested food.
6 They will wear disposable clothes to avoid the time and the cost of washing
7 People will not have to move around very much while working because they can do things from theirdesks
8 Computers will work miracles and with their help humans will have less need to use their brain
9 That is why their ability to think, imagine, create and enjoy will become less important
VI Complete the 2 nd sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1 Amy’s cold started last week, and she’s still got it (since) → Amy
Amy has had a cold since last week.
2 We moved here two years ago (for) → We have moved here for two years.
3 I realized immediately that something was wrong (once)
→ I realized at once that something was wrong.
4 I last saw her at Oliver’s party (since) → I haven’t seen you since Oliver’s party.
5 When Sandra walked out of the meeting, she didn’t say goodbye to anyone (without)
→ Sandra left the meeting without saying goodbye to anyone.
6.It’s months since I’ve bought any clothes.(for) I haven’t bought any clothes for months
7 It’s six weeks now since the term began (ago) → The term began six weeks ago
8 I didn’t see her again for five years (before) → Five years had passed before I saw her
9 I didn’t mean to break the vase (purpose) → I didn’t break the vase on purpose.
10 The film starts half an hour from now (in) → The film starts in half an hour
VII Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently.
1 A eradicate B astronaut C standard D late
2 A straight B pleasure C celebrate D break
4 A unexpected B destroyed C declared D improved
5 A habitats B species C humans D wetlands
GRAMMAR REVISION
But (nhưng), so (vì thế, cho nên) dùng sau dấu phẩy.
However, nevertheless (tuy nhiên), therefore, consequently (cho nên, do đó): được đặt giữa 2
dấu phẩy, hoặc giữa chấm phẩy và dấu phẩy
Exercise 1 Underline the correct alternative in the following sentences.
1 Hung studied very hard, but / so he still failed the exam.
2 Lan studied very hard, but / so she passed the exam very easily.
3 It was very cold last weekend, but / so we still went for our picnic.
4 It was very cold last weekend, but / so we had to cancel our picnic.
5 He was an honest boy, but / so his parents still dis believe in him
6 He was an honest boy, but / so he was released from prison.
7 The flight attendant serves dinner, but / so I didn’t eat.
8 The negative effect of cigarette smoking is enormous, but / so many people still smoke.
9 Jane has caught a cold, but / so she needs to takes a rest.
Trang 2610 The issue has been all agreed upon, but / so we need to give it a second thought.
Exercise 2 Fill each blank with but, so, however or therefore where appropriate.
1 This is the shortest way to the city center; but it is not the only way.
2 The boy was able to learn English, but he is very lazy.
3 He didn’t attend the lesson, so he could not do his homework.
4 The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, so we bought 10 kilos.
5 Your son is heading to the right direction; however, I think you should encourage him
to learn harder
6 It was midnight, but the restaurant was still open.
7 It was midnight, so they closed the restaurant and went home.
8 He had written to her many times, but she didn’t give any reply; therefore they had been out of touch
ever since
9 We discussed the issue all day, but we could not come to a final conclusion.
10 It started to rain hard; therefore we decided to stay at home to watch TV.
Exercise 3 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it.
1 “Don’t forget to tell me about the Sahara Desert,” she told me
She reminded me to tell her about the Sahara Desert.
2 This is his first visit to the Simpson Desert in Australia
He is visiting the Simpson Desert in Australia for the first time.
3 He rang her as soon as he returned from the excursion to the Sahara Desert
No sooner had he returned from the excursion to the Sahara Desert than he rang her.
4 The man was not able to go on an expedition to the Middle East because of his age
The man was too old to go on an expedition to the Middle East.
5 “Why don’t you report to the class what you have read about deserts?” the teacher
asked Nam The teacher wanted to know why Nam didn’t report to the class what he had read
about deserts
I Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently.
II Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.
1 I am deeply pessimistic _ the future
2 Parental involvement contributes significantly children’s learning
3 During the crises, many companies will be wiped and millions of jobs will be lost
4 The country is experiencing a severe economic
A development B cooperation C depression D reform
5 I’ve always had a fairly outlook on life
A optimist B optimistic C optimism D optimistically
6 of the financial crisis, all they could do was hold on and hope that things would improve
A At the bottom B At the height C On the top D In the end
7 During the recession, many small companies were eradicated
A run on B taken over C wiped out D set up
8 It is really quite incredible that he is unaware of such basic facts
A unbelievable B difficult C disappointed D imaginable
9 The bomb attacks have been attributed to a group of international _
Trang 27A terrorism B terrorist C terrorists D terrorization
10 Unemployment directly to homelessness
A attributes B creates C provides D contributes
11.The Simpson Desert was named _ the President of the South Australian Branch
14 A is a low hill of sand formed by wind, in a desert
15 One well-knowm desert plant is the _ , which grows well in hot dry regions
A spinifix B eucalyptus C cactus D dead palm
16 extremely bad weathher in the mountains, we’re no longer considering our skiing trip
17 A tree had fallen across the road, _ they had to turn round and go back
18 She worked hard _ everything would be ready in time
19 Everyone thought Emma should accept the offer , she turned it down
A Moreover B Nevertheless C Therefore D Consequently
20 I’ve been running about 200 kilometres a week _ prepare for the marathon
21 A child needs to learn how to get along with another people and how to spend his or
her time wisely
22 Last night’s storm damaged the power lines Consequent, the town was without
electricity for several hours
23 Oceanography is not a single science and rather a group of disciplines with a common
26 The word “hospitable” has the meaning of being
27 They continued their journey _ the Sahara Desert
28 Most of the Sahara consists _ rocky; large sand dunes form only a minor part
29 The land loses its protective cover of _ and soon turns into desert
A vegetables B vegetative C vegetation D vegetal
30 After three hours of climbing, we finally reached the of the mountain
31 He seemed very reluctant to take my advice
A He seemed quite willing to take my advice
B It seemed he was not ready to give me advice
C It seemed he was not willing to take my advice.
D He seemed very anxious to take my advice
32 It’s a shame John eats sweets whenever he gets the chance
Trang 28A John always eat sweets when he feels sad or disappointed.
B John dislike eating sweets
C John will not take a chance on eating sweets
D John never turns down sweets when they are offered to him.
33 He can try as hard as he likes but he won’t succeed
A However hard he tries, he won’t succeed.
B He can tries his best if he won’t succeed
C He won’t succed because he can’t try as hard
D Although he won’t succeed, he can try as hard as he likes
34 Machines used to harvest tree crops such as cherries or almonds can be classified
either as shakers and (D) as pick-up machines (D : or)
35 Now that I’ve learned to stay afloat, I feel better about the water, and I still can’t
* Note: enough + Noun Adj + enough
Hold …breath nín hơi
Grammar notes
May + V0 : is used for permission, possibility (be allowed to, be possible to …
esp in questions to ask permission : “May I go out?”
‘You may leave when you’ve finished,’ he said.
Might + V0 : is used for possibility : Be careful of the dog It might bite you.
Must + V0 : expresses obligation (imposed by the speaker):
I must do my homework Cf have to expresses external obligation)
Mustn’t + V0 : expresses a negative obligation or prohibition :
You mustn’t step on the grass.
You mustn’t leave your car unlocked This place is full of thieves.
Needn’t + V0: express absence of obligation :
You needn’t make two copies One will do.
May / might as well : maybe happen but reluctantly (cũng có thể …)
May / might have + V3/ed : có thể đã … (nhưng không chắc chắn)
Must have + V3/ed …… : hẳn đã … (quyết đoán 1 việc cho rằng đã xảy ra)
I Read the text below and circle A, B, C or D which best fits each space.
SCIENTISTS LEARN FROM CROCODILES
From recent (1) we now know that crocodiles possess an extremely (2) form of haemoglobin –the substance carries oxygen in the blood As a result, this has a direct (3) _ on the length of time theycan hold their breath and consequently their ability (4) _ underwater for (5) _ This is veryimportant because they drown their victims by holding them underwater
Trang 29When crocodiles hold their breath, their bodies produce a chemical signal which makes theirhaemoglobin give up more of its oxygen than (6) _ Crocodiles can then use that oxygen without any(7) to breathe in more air.
Research workers (8) _ are trying to reproduce this haemoglobin molecule in (9) _ blood.Their work may eventually make it possible (10) underwater for much longer The (11) _ is thatthis unusual form of haemoglobin may not be the only explanation why crocodiles can stay underwater for
so long (12) this, however, the research is of great (13) _ for the future and may even(14) scientists to produce artificial blood This is just another example of the way in which we can(15) _ our lives by studying animals
4 A to stay B for staying C of staying D stay
5 A a long time B long times C long time D some long times
8 A nowadays B in nowadays C on nowadays D at nowadays
10 A for someone swimming B that someone can swim
C that someone will swim D for someone to swim
11 A matter B problem C objection D question
12 A Although B In spite C Despite D Though
15 A increase B benefit C profit D improve
II.Choose the one word or phrase – A, B, C or D – that best completes the sentences.
1 Many plant and animal species around the globe are now threatened extinction
4 Many species are threatened in the wild due to habitat _ by man
A construction B consevation C destruction D preservation
5 Many plant and animal species are now on the of extinction
6 Governments have laws to protect wildlife from overhunting
A enforced B enacted C observed D required
7 The biggest _ to gorillas comes from humans
8 While feeding, the birds are to predators
A popular B dangerous C vulnerable D protective
9 The forest provides a(n) for hundreds of species of plants and animals
A ecosystem B biodiversity C environment D habitat
10 Different _ efforts have been made in order to save endangered species
A conserving B conserved C conservation D conservative
11 I can’t find my purse anywhere; I _ it at the office
A must leave B must have left C must be leave D must have been leaving
12 As I won’t be at home tonight I my homework during my lunchbreak
A have to do B must do C can do D might do
13 We _ finish the football match before it started snowing too heavily
A could B were able to C might D would
Trang 3014 The air in the country is not as pure as it .
A might be B used to be C would be D must be
15 The first question must _ before you attempt the others
A answer B to answer C be answered D have answered
16 I couldn’t wait for you any longer I , and so I went
A must go B must have gone C had to go D need go
17 He had to pay a fine, _ ?
A hadn’t he B doesn’t he C didn’t he D mustn’t he
18 Passengers _ smoke until the signs have been switched off
19 There are a lot of tickets left, so you _ pay for the tickets in advance
A mustn’t B won’t C shouldn’t D don’t have to
20 We need hardly out there is a water shortage at the moment
A point B to point C pointing D have pointed
21 You _ put anything on the shelves until the glue has set hard
A couldn’t B mustn’t C don’t have to D needn’t
22 We go into details now, but we seem to agree on the general principles
A shouldn’t B can’t C needn’t D mustn’t
23 Malcolm isn’t in his office He _ at home today
A may works B may have worked C may be worked D may be working
24 I’m not enjoying this holidays at all – Well, in that case we go home
A can as good B may so well C might as well. D could so good
25 This film seems familiar – It seems familiar to me, too.We it before
A might see B might be seeing C might be seen D might have seen.
* Use must not or need not to fill the spaces in the following sentences.
26 You need not ring the bell; I have a key
27 We need not drive fast; we have plenty of time.
28 We must not drive fast; there is a speed limit here.
29 Candidates must not bring books into examination room.
30 You need not write to him for he will be here tomorrow.
31 We must not make any noise or we’ll wake the baby.
32 You need not do all the exercises Ten sentences will be enough.
33 I want this letter typed but you need not do it today Tomorrow will do.
34 You must not take anything out of a shop without paying for it.
35 You need not carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it.
36 There are many reasons why a particular species can become endangered
A B C (might) D
37 Zoos provide an opportunity to study a wide range of animals, often in their
habitats natural (D) : natural habitats
38 An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming
40 Many nations have laws offered (A) protection to these species : for example,
forbidding hunting (B), restricting land development or (C) creating preserves (D)
A (offered offering)
41 plant / animal / species / foundation / healthy / ecosystems//
A Plant and animal species are the foundation of healthy ecosystems
Trang 31B Plants and animals species are a foundation of healthy ecosystems
C Plant and animal species are foundation of the healthy ecosystems
D Plants and animals species are the foundation of healthy ecosystems
42 pollution/coast of Florida/ kill/ coral reefs/ serve/ habitat/ hundreds of species of fish.
A Pollution off the coast of Florida kills the coral reefs served as habitat for hundreds
43 trade / animal parts / many species / continue / suffer / high rate of exploitation//
A In spite of the trade in animal parts, many species continue suffering high rates of
exploitation exploitation.
B Due to the trade in animal parts, many species continue to suffer high rates of
C Because of the trade for animal parts, many species continue suffering high rates of
45 You’d better _ those glasses carefully if you want them to arrive intact.
46 He’d rather at home and play video games, ?
A hadn’t he B didn’t he C wouldn’t he D won’t he
47 I would rather you just at the moment
A don’t leave B didn’t leave C haven’t left D not leave
48 Secondary school students nowadays _ wear a uniform
49.You _ a hard life when you were a child
A must have B had to C were to have D must have had
50 John wasn’t at home when I went round He out unexpectedly
A must go B must be going C must have gone D must have had to go
MODAL VERBS IN PASSIVE VOICE
1 Present / Future Modals : Công thức : Modal + be + V3/ed …
Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to, used to, is going to + be +
V3/ed …
Trang 322 Past Modals Công thức : Modal + have been + V3/ed …
The secretary Should have have typed this report yesterday (…đáng lẽ đã …)
This report should have been typed by the secretary yesterday (…đáng lẽ đã được …)
She ought to / must have typed the letter before (…hẳn đã …)
The letter ought to / must have been typed before (… hẳn đã được …)
That firm may / might have offered Katya a new job (…có thể đã …)
Katya may / might have been offered a new job by that firm (…có thể đã được …)
Exercise 1 Complete the following sentences
1 A mystery is something that (cannot / explain) cannot be explained
2 It’s raining heavily The match must be cancel (must / cancel)
3.The television (should / repair) should be repaired It’s not working now.
4 In the middle of the village there is a church which is being restored at the moment.
The work is almost finished
5 If I didn’t do my job properly, I (would / sack) would be sacked.
6 A: I left a newspaper on the desk last night and it isn’t there now
B: It (might / throw) might have been thrown away.
7 I learnt to swim when I was very young I was taught by my mother.
8 Jack has a right to know He ought to tell / be told the news immediately.
9 I don’t know why Jessica wasn’t at the meeting She must have …… about it
A forgotten B been forgotten C remembered D been remembered
10 The ancient ruins may have …… as early as 1792
A discovered B been discovered C had discovered D had been discovered
11 We shouldn’t have ……by the police I’m sure I wasn’t speeding
A stopped B been stopped C run D punished
12 Sharon will invite Thomas to the party (passive):
Thomas will be invited to the party by Sharon.
Exercise 2 Put the verb into the correct form, active or passive.
Example: This house is quite old It (build) over 100 years ago
This house is quite old It was built over 100 years ago.
1 My grandfather was a builder He built this house many years ago.
2 “Is your car still for sale?” “No, I have sold it already.”
3 A: Is the house at the end of the street still for sale?
B: No, it has been sold already.
4 My bag has disappeared It (must / steal) must have been stolen.
5 I can’t find my hat Somebody (must / take) must have taken it by mistake.
6 It’s a serious problem I don’t know how it (can / solve) can be solved
7 Nearly every time I travel by plane, my flight (delay) is delayed.
8 A new bridge is being built across the river now The work started last year.
9 Jane’s strange idea astonished everybody. Everybody was astonished at / by Jane’s strange idea.
10 They are going to celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary in Hue
Their 25th wedding anniversary is going to be celebrated in Hue
Exercise 3. Tick the correct sentence in each of the groups of sentences below.
1 A This is too big house for my family
B This house is too big for our family.
C This house is too much big for our family
2 A I couldn’t give my friend a lift because my brother had borrowed my car.
B I shouldn’t give my friend a lift because my brother had borrowed my car
C I mustn’t give my friend a lift because my brother had borrowed my car
3 A When the food had been ready, we ate it
B When the food was ready, we ate it.
C When the food was ready, we had eaten it
4 A My grandmother has had her dining room painted bright green.
Trang 33B My grandmother has done her dining room painted bright green.
C My grandmother has made her dining room painted bright green
5 A Will you come to my house after you’ll finish your homework?
B Will you come to my house after you finished your homework?
C Will you come to my house after you finish your homework?
Exercise 4 Use the given words in their appropriate form to write complete sentences.
Do some alteration or addition when necessary.
Example: You should / remember / lock / car door / before leaving
You should remember to lock the car door before leaving.
1 She used to play football with her friends when she was small
2 It took them years to build the house.
3 The accident happened while he was driving on the highway
4 When I saw her she was talking to the teacher.
5 Did you hear the news on the radio this morning?
6 She is always on good terms with her neighbors.
7 We do not know when the manager returns
8 The doctor whom you saw at the party is my friends.
9 The train will arrive in Hanoi in two hours
10 When did you start learning English?
Exercise 5 Put the following into the passive voice Do not mention the agent unless
it seems necessary.
1 You can’t wash this dress; you must dry-clean it
This dress can’t be washed: it must be dry-cleaned.
2 You should open the wine about three hours before you use it
The wine should be opened about three hours before it is used.
3 Members may keep books for three weeks
Books may be kept for 3 weeks by members
4 Men used to do these calculations; now a computer does them
These calculations used to be done by men: now they are done by a computer.
5 Passengers shouldn’t throw away their ticketsTheir tickets shouldn’t be thrown away
6 We’ll have to tow the car to the garage The car will have to be towed to the garage.
7 Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom
Umbrellas and sticks must be left in the cloakroom.
8 You should give these books back to the library
These books should be given back to the library.
9 We cannot exchange articles. Articles cannot be exchanged.
10 You mustn’t move this man; he is too ill This man mustn’t be moved, he is too ill.
11 When they have widened this street, the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake
all night When this street have been widened, residents will be kept awake by …
12 They ought to report the accident to the police
The accidents ought to be reported to the police.
Exercise 6 Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.
1 It was such a great book that I couldn’t put it
2 She’s busy writing a book _ astrology
3 The novel was set a small village in France
4 Books that give fact about real events, things or people are called
A novel B.biography C romance D non-fiction
5 Fiction is a type of literature that describes people and events
Trang 34A imaginary B real C historic D important
6 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States
A was elected B who elected C to be elected D to elect as
7 Since the 1930’s, chemical insecticides such as D.D.T _ very effective in destroying carrying insects
A proved B was proved C has proved D have proved
8 I shouldn’t so much coffee last night I was wide awake till four in the morning
9 I didn’t see anyone but I felt as though I _
A have been watched B was being watched C be watched D am watched
10 This popular TV game show by about 10 million people every Saturday evening
A has been watching B is watching C watches D is watched
11.When you are on duty, your uniform must at all times
12 The crew of the tanker were fortunate _ just minute before it sank in heavy seas
A rescuing B to rescue C to have rescue D to have been rescued
13 While the builders were repairing the roof they _ the bathroom window
A break B broke C have broken D was broken
14 My computer is broken – Really? Why don’t you have it ?
A repair B repairing C repaired D for repairing
15 Oh! Look at that beautiful vase on the floor How did it _?
16 According many critics, Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn is his greatest work
(detective stories) A B C D
20.The naturalist EdwinTeal illustration his books with photographs he had taken himself
A (illustrated) B C D
23 A conlusion B measure C resources D usually
24 A swallow B knowledge C slowly D following
26 A amazing B fascinating C incredible D romance
27 A digest B survive C swallow D unnoticed
28 A reunite B recommend C understand D wilderness
29 A imaginary B personality C scientific D entertainment
30 A knowledge B pleasure C character D biography
31 Professor Moore recommended the book all his students
32 I’m really fond reading detective stories by Agatha Christie
35 I cannot bear the noise of my brother’s radio; it me from reading my book
A disturbs B perturbs C interrupts D distracts
Trang 3536 A(n) _ is a book that someone writes about their own life.
A biography B autobiography C romance D historical novel
37 Some people have the ability to _ a page, which means to read it very quickly, just taking in the main points
38 If I come to a boring bit in a book, I just _ a few pages till the real story starts again
39 I will show you around the city when you to visit me
A come B are coming C will come D will be coming
40 In spite of her protests, her father made her for the race three hours a day
TEST YOURSELF
5 A dedicate B celebrate C private D communicate
6 A unconcerned B popularity C represent D endangerment
7 A vulnerable B priority C commercial D endangerment
8 A aborigines B personality C agriculture D governmental
9 A temperature B individual C sociable D territory
10 A scientific B fascinating C confident D habitat
11 Human depend _ species diversity to provide food, clean air and water
12 Wildlife groups are protesting the proposal to dam the river
13 Many young people travel all over the world, and do all kinds of jobs before they _
A lie down B touch down C settle down D put down
14 Since 1950, the world _ nearly one-fifth of the soil from its agricultural land and one-fifth of its tropical forests
A has lost B lost C was losing D had been lost
15 Normally he is rather _ but sometimes he talks freely about himself
A sociable B reserved C serious D peaceful
16 He _ a policeman; He’s much too short
A can’t be B mustn’t be C shouldn’t be D mightn’t be
17 The construction of new road is winning the support of local residents
A thanks to B reliant on C responsible to D dependent on
18 I am a(n) reader of science fiction novels
19 Despite playing under strenght, the home team _ beat the rivals
A could B were able to C couldn’t D weren’t able to
20 Jean has a very easy-going , which is why she is so popular
A role B characteristic C personality D reputation
21 While southern California is densely populated, _ live in the northern part
A a number people B many people C few people D a few of people
22 The wind is blowing so hard We such a terrible storm
A have never known B had never known
C never new D have never been knowing
23 I truly appreciated to give the commencement address, but I wasn’t able to accept the honor because of a previous commitment
A to ask B asking C to have asked D having been asked
24 You mustn’t forget _ your compositions tomorrow morning
Trang 36A turn in B to turn in C turning in D turned in
25 Your resume shows you have _ a great deal in your last position
A accomplish B accomplishment C accomplished D accomplishing
26 The country would now be self-sufficient in food the drough last year
A because of B but for C apart from D besides
27 The taxi arrive at nine, but it didn’t turn up
A was to B ought to C should D might
28 The new factory on time as the profitability of the company depends on it
A need be finished B might be finished
C must be finished D could be finished
29 If I _ the chance, I would have trained to be a doctor
A would have had B would have C had had D had
30 A thorough of local customs and etiquette can be vital to a buainessman
A pleasure B knowledge C ability D understand
31 The number of students who came up with some answer or other _ small
32.Only when we heard the good news of Patrick relieved
A we felt B that we felt C had we felt D did we feel
33 To learn is one thing, to teach is
A another B other thing C the other D another one
34 We talked about books Charles had just finished _ last volume of Proust
A the – the B Ø – the C Ø – Ø D the – a
35 The car he lent me badly needed
A clean B to clean C cleaning D to be cleaning
36 Unlike many writings of her time, she was not preoccupied with morality
39 The surface of Mars is very complex (A) and consists (B) of deserts, volcanoes (C)
and mountainous (D) ( mountains)
40 A few people have so good eyesight that they can actually see the brightest stars
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Ngoại động từ (cần có tân ngữ) và nội động từ (không cần tân ngữ)
1 Transitive verbs.
Một số động từ thường được theo sau bởi danh từ/đại từ đóng vai trò tân ngữ trực tiếp (túc từ) Những động từ này gọi là NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ.
Ví dụ: Let’s invite Sally and Bruce.(Không thể nói: Let’s invite.)
the letter
a mousethis painting
my bicycle
a library
Trang 37Many people watched the match
2 Intransitive verbs.
Một số động từ khác không có tân ngữ trực tiếp, gọi là NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ.
Ví dụ: Sit down, please (Không thể nói: Sit that chair)
The little girl
Chỉ ngoại động từ mới có dạng bị động Còn các nội động từ không có dạng bị động.
Exercice 1 Find the verb in each of the following sentences and write T (transitive)
or I (intransitive) Change transitive sentences into passive voice.
Example: Mr West repeated his question ( T )
Smoke rises ( I )
1 The children divided the candy ( T )
2 A strange thing happened in the town yesterday
3 In 1908, the Model T Ford arrived on the market
4 The production of Model Ts eventually came to an end in 1927
5 Manchester United won the game last night ( T )
6 Our team won yesterday
7 I met Ba at the bus stop early in the morning ( T )
8 He drove the boat very fast ( T )
9 The children opened their books ( T )
10 We met a long time ago
11 Accidents like this happen all the time
12 T was standing only a few feet away
13 We discovered this beach while we were sailing around the island ( T )
14 A stone struck me on the head ( T )
15 The phone rang and broke my train of thought ( T )
16 All the windows broke with the force of the blast
17 She had to write a report on the project ( T )
18 He made a very remarkable discovery ( T )
19 We waited patiently at the station
20 Shall I ever forget those happy days? ( T )
Exercise 2 Change the following sentences into passive if possible.
1 The chef will prepare the food The food will be prepared by the chef.
2 John is working at the bakery
3 Lightning didn’t cause the fire The fire wasn’t caused by lightning.
4 We walked downtown after work yesterday
5 Thousands of people ride the subway every day The subway is ridden every day.
6 The baby was crying in the room
7 Joe fell down on his way to school this morning
8 A special committee is going to settle the dispute.The dispute is going to be settled…
9 Our houseguests are going to arrive tomorrow afternoon
10 Our plan succeeded at last
11 Did the army surround the enemy? The enemy was surrounded by the army.
12 What happened in class yesterday?
Trang 38Exercise 3 Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.
1 The first water polo rules were set _ by William Wilson in 1867
4 Water polo was the first sport added to the Olympic program, in 1900
A adventure B team C individual D spectator
5 The runners broke into a _ a few hundred yards from the finish
6 He _ a second clear foul and was sent off
A combated B executed C performed D committed
7 England _ 2-2 with Germany in the first round
8 In water polo, no player except the _ can hold the ball with both gands
A defender B goalie C attacker D referee
9 A player that has been three times must sit out the whole match with substitution
A eliminated B discharged C emitted D ejected
10 _ is a sport involving travel over water on a small 2-4.7 meter board powered by wind acting on asingle sail
A Sailing B Waterskiing C Windsurfing D Canoeing
11 “What did you do to your hand? “I _ when I was chopping vegetables”
12 An increase in the price of petrol would discourage _ my car
A using B me to use C from using D me from using
13 Johnson was arrested when he failed _ in court
A to appear B him to appear C his appearing D appearing
14 Everybody seems to feel tired of watching the same commercials on TV every night, _?
A doesn’t he B don’t they C does she D do they
15 The accident seems at around 1:00 p.m yesterday
A to happen B to be happened C to have happened D to have been happened
16 There is no need for you to help cook the meal Just sit down and enjoy
human to human (transferring)
20 The bored students yawned while listening to the bored professor
A B C D (boring)
Broadcast broadcast broadcast phát thanh
Trang 39Hurt hurt hurt (làm) đau
COMPARE with comparison (n) comparative (adj) so sánh
1 SO SÁNH BẰNG (Comparative of Equality):
+ Positive: AS + ADJ / ADV + AS … (bằng)
+ Negative: NOT SO / NOT AS + ADJ / ADV + AS … (không bằng)
Ex This exercise is as difficult as that one ( …khó bằng …/ khó như …)
He is not so / as intelligent as his brother (…không thông minh bằng …)
2 SO SÁNH HƠN và SO SÁNH NHẤT (Comparative and superlative)
a Với tính từ ngắn (một vần) : SHORT ADJ / ADV + ER THAN …hơn …
THE ………… + EST …nhất.
Ex Nam is taller than his sister He works harder than his friend.
b Với tính từ dài (2 vần trở lên) : MORE + LONG ADJ / ADV + THAN … hơn
THE MOST + Adj / Adv …nhất.
Ex This picture is more beautiful than that one.
She speaks English more fluently than I do.
Khi tính từ có 2 vần mà tận cùng là ‘y’, ‘le’, ‘ow’, ‘er’ cũng có dạng so sánh như tính từ ngắn happy happier narrow narrower clever cleverer
Tính từ 1 vần tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm + một phụ âm, gấp đôi phụ âm:
hot hotter big bigger thin thinner fat fatter
‘y’ đổi thành ‘i’ trước khi thêm ‘ er’ hay ‘est’ : dry drier , healthier …
Ngoại lệ : good / well better the best
Bad / badly worse the worst
Many / much more the most Little less the least Far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
3 SO SÁNH KÉP (double comparison) :
a Cấu trúc : càng ngày càng …
- Tính từ ngắn : adj + er and adj + er : Mrs Hoa becomes fatter and fatter.
Mr brown drives faster and faster.
- Tính từ dài : more and more + adj : Jane becomes more and more beautiful.
He speaks more and more quickly.
b Cấu trúc : càng …, càng … :
THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V …, THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V …
Ex The fatter they get, the weaker they feel.
The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try.
The more quickly he ran, the more tired he felt.
‘the more’ có thể đi cùng với danh từ :
The more money he makes, the more useless things he buys.
The more you read, the more knowledge you gain.
Dạng rút gọn của cấu trúc : càng …, càng …(bỏ bớt chủ từ và động từ)
- The more the merrier the fatter the richer
- How do you like your coffee? – The stronger the better.
Trang 40
1 Jane doesn’t speak English ………Betty.
A well as B as well as C as good as D better as
2 This is …… most interesting film I’ve ever seen ( a / an / the / no article )
3 This coat and that one are ……….(like / alike / same / likely)
4 Mary is …… in our class
A prettier B more pretty C most pretty D the prettiest
5 Thanks to advertisements, things cost ………
A the less B little C less D the more less
6 The more manufacturers advertise, …………they sell
A the more products B the most products C the products more D most products
7 Jogging makes our health …………
A more good B better C the more good D the most good
8 ……… we jog, ……… we become
A The most / the healthiest B The most / the healthier
C The more / the most healthy D The more / the healthier
9 The test is not …… difficult …… it was last month
A as / as B so / as C more / as D A and B
10 The winter is coming, it is getting ………
A more cold B the more cold C colder and colder D the most cold
11 He learns English ……… than we do.( badly / badlier / more badly / worse )
12 Peter usually drives ………… Mary
A more fast B more fast than C most fast D faster than
13 The problem seems to be …………
A most serious B more serious than C more serious D more and more serious
14 Their house is ……… beautiful than mine ( as / more / much / so )
15 My car is ……… yours
A more cheap and beautiful than B cheaper and more beautiful than
C more cheap and more beautiful than D cheaper and beautiful as
Exercise 1 Match the half-sentence from box A with a suitable half sentence from box B
1 The caravan was rolling b
2 Prices go up and up Everything gets c
3 The queue was getting a
4 The crowd are becoming f
5.The country is rapidly losing its workers, as
6 The weather is terrible It’s getting e
7 Your French is improving It’s getting d
a/ longer and longerb/ faster and faster down the hill
c/ more and more expensive
d/ better and better
e/ worse and worsef/ more and more excited
g/ more and more people are emigrating
2 Complete these sentences, using the structure: comparative + and + comparative
1 This subject gets harder and harder all the time.
2 I’m just getting more and more confused.
3 It’s becoming more and more difficult for me to keep it.
4 The textbook just gets more and more complicated.
5 I spend more and more time on my work.
6 My list of things to do gets longer and longer.
7 My problems are just getting worse and worse.
Exercise 2 Complete each sentence, using the structure :
the + comparative …, the + comparative …
1 (The rent is high.) The bigger a flat is, the higher the rent (is).
2 (You learn quickly.) The younger you are, the more quickly you learn.
3 (The roads are quiet.) The earlier you leave, the quieter the roads (are).
4 (The choice is wide.) The bigger a supermarket is, the wider the choice (is).
5 (I get confused.) The more I try to work this out, the more confused I get.
6 (You can speak fluently.) The more you practise, the more fluently you can speak.
7.(The beaches get crowded.)The better the weather is, the more crowded the beaches get