Đề cương ôn thi TN.THPT

* Các trạng từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại đơn :always, usually, often, sometimes, every day … night / week / month / year, summer…, seldom, rarely…, once a week, twice

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Overcome overcame overcome khắc phục

PRONUNCIATION : Cách phát âm –s và –es của danh từ số nhiều)

Khi sử dụng danh từ số nhiều, ta thường thêm ‘s’ hoặc ‘es’ vào cuối danh từ đó.

Có 3 cách đọc:

- Đọc là /s/ sau các danh từ tận cùng là ‘f, k, p, t, th, gh, ph’ : books, roof, boots, laughs, photograph

… hay nói cách khác là các âm : /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/, //

- Đọc là /iz/ sau các từ có hơi gió như ‘s, x, z, ch, sh (+ es), ce, ge (+ s) : dresses, boxes,

toothbrushes, watches, sentences, judges…

- Đọc là /z/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại : ways, pens, pencils, potatoes, tomatoes …

Exercise 1 Which of the words contain the sound /s/,/z/ or /iz/.

1 Thì Hiện tại đơn (The Present simple) : V 1

a/ Cách chia: I, we, you, they + V0 (động từ nguyên mẫu không TO)

He, she, it, N (số ít) + V-s/es (lưu ý các đt tận bằng Y và Y sau nguyên âm)

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b/ Cách dùng:

 Để diễn tả 1 sự thật hoặc 1 việc thường xảy ra / thói quen:

Ex Tom plays table-tennis very well. The sun rises in the east…

 Dùng sau các liên từ chỉ thời gian hàm ý tương lai: as soon as, after, before, when, until …

Ex Let’s wait until the rain stops.

I’ll ring you as soon as I arrive at the hotel.

* Các trạng từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại đơn :always, usually, often,

sometimes, every day (… night / week / month / year, summer…), seldom, rarely…, once a

week, twice a month …Ex She often goes to school by bicycle.

2 The present continuous : (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)

a/ Cách chia : S + am / is / are + V-ing

b/ Cách dùng:

 Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra trong thời điểm hiện tại, hay sau 1 câu truyền khiếnnhư :

Ex Listen! Someone is knocking at the door

Don’t make so much noise! The baby is sleeping.

* Những cụm từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn:

now, just now, right now, nowadays, at present, at the moment, today, this week, this month, these days.

* Note: Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Continuous, mà chỉ dùng thì Present Simple:

to be, to want, to need, to have (có), to know, to understand (hiểu)

Ex: - We are in grade twelve now

- I understand the lesson at the moment

3 The present perfect : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

a/ Cách chia : I / we / you / they + have + V 3 / ed

He / She / It + has + V 3 / ed

b/ Cách dùng:

 Để diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra nhưng không rõ thời gian:

Ex I have seen that film.

 Để diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra (thường đi kèm với ‘just, recently, lately’

 Để diễn tả 1 sự việc đã xảy ra và còn liên quan đến hiện (already, not…yet, never, ever,

three times, several/many times, up to now, up to the present, until now, so far , For + khoảng thời gian, Since + mốc thời gian…

4 The present perfect continuous : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

a/ Cách chia : S + have / has + been + V-ing

b/ Cách dùng : Để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại

( wait, sleep, study….)

Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours / since 3 o’clock

Exercise 1 Choose the best answer

1 The sun _ the biggest planet in the solar system (is / was / has been / will be)

2 If you like skiing, there _ resort under an hour’s driving from Madrid

3 Ann often does the shopping, but I it today as she isn’t well

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A am doing B do C will do D have done

4 In my opinion, Carnival in Northen Brazil _ the best celebration in the world

A have neen B will be C was D is

5 It’s a lovely day today! The sun _ and the birds

A is shining / are singing B is shining / sing

C shines / sing D shines / are singing

6 Since 1980, scientists in the world _ a lot of things to fight AIDS

A have done B are doing C did D had done

7 Would you loke something to eat? – No, thanks I lunch with Tony

A have just had B just had C just have D just have had

8 Linda _ her identity card again This is the second time this

A lost / happened B has lost / happened

C has lost / has happened D lost / has happened

9 Amada left her job because they asked her to work on a night _

10 Chris is my close friend I trust him He’s always _ to help me whenever I have aproblem

A willing B responsible C charge D available

Exercise 2 Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to complete the following story.

It (1) happened (happen) two years ago when I (2)……… (ski) in Austria It was a horrible day

because it (3)……… (snow) and I (4)………(can’t see) anything I (5)…………(not want) to skibut my friend said, “Come on This is our last day We must go.” So I went I (6)……….(not ski)inconditions like that before so when my friends (7)…………(decide) to go right up to the top of themountain, I (8)……….(not/join) them After about half an hour by myself, I (9)…………(stop)because I was cold and wet I (10)……… (get) into the cable car to go down to the village and mywonderful warm hotel when I (11) ………(slip) on some ice I (12)……….(fall), and

my skis (13)………(fall) on top of me I (14) ……… (hear) a terrible noise and knewsomething bad (15)………(happen) My leg was broken What a way of ending a holiday!

Exercise 3 Underline the correct option.

1 Everything is going well We didn’t have / haven’t had any problems so far.

2 Lisa didn’t go / hasn’t gone to work yesterday She wasn’t feeling well.

3 Look! That man over there wears / is wearing the same sweater as you.

4 Your son is much taller than when I last saw him He grew / has grown a lot.

5 I still don’t know what to do I didn’t decide / haven’t decided yet.

6 I wonder why Jim is / is being so nice to me today He didn’t usually like that.

7 Jane had a book open in front of her, but she didn’t read / wasn’t reading it.

8 I wasn’t very busy I didn’t have / wasn’t having much to do

9 It begins / It’s beginning to get dark Shall I turn on the light?

10 After leaving school, Tim got / has got a job in a factory.

11 I made a cup of coffee while she ……… the letter (read)

12.After I ……… eating, the waiter took my plate away (finish)

13 By the time I got to the party, most people ……… home (go)

14 She (not have) a day off through illness since she ………… (work) at the company

Exercise 4 Put the verbs into the correct form: past simple (I did), past continuous

(I was doing), past perfect (I had done), or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).

1 Yesterday afternoon Sarah …went….(go) to the station to meet Paul When she ………(get) there,

Paul ……… (wait) for her His train ………(arrive) early

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2 When I got home, Bill ……… (lie) on the sofa The television was on, but he ……… (not / watch)

it He ………… (fall) asleep and ……… (snore) loudly I ………… (turn) the television off and justthen he ………… (wake) up

3 Last night I ……… (just / go) to bed and …………(read) a book when suddenly I ………

(hear) a noise I ……… (get) up to see what it was, but I ……… (not / see) anything, so I …… (go) back to bed

4 Lisa had to go to New York last week, but she almost ………… (miss) the plane She …………

(stand) in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly ……… (realise) that she ………… (leave) her passport at home Fortunately she lives near the airport, so she ………… (have) time totake a taxi home to get it She ………… (get) back to the airport just in time for her flight

5 I …… (meet) Peter and Lucy yesterday as I ……… (walk) through the park They …………

(be) to the Sports Center where they ………… (play) tennis They ………… (go) to the café and

………… (invite) me to join them, but I ………… (arrange) to meet another friend and ………….(not / have) time

Exercise 5 Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the following passage.

MY FIRST HOME

When my parents married, they rented a small house and they didn’t have a lot of money for furniture.The kitchen had a (1) ……for washing up and a cooker, but that was all They (2) ……an old tableand a chair from the market They borrowed a sofa which was (3) ……old, but they (4) …… it withmodern materials so it was bright and cheerful

Outside, there was a small garden (5) …… the house, but in front of it there was only the roaD.Luckily the road wasn’t busy, so I could cross it to (6) ………the park on the (7) …… side We livedthere (8) …… I was ten and we were very happy We had to (9) …… house because it was too smallwhen my twin sisters were born We all (10) …… sad when we left

Exercise 6

1 Although we ………… all day, we haven’t managed to find a suitable applicant.

A are interviewing B have interviewed C have been interviewing D interviewed

2 A tricks B leftovers C depths D roofs

3 A biologist B shift C trick D decision

4 Can you tell me who is responsible checking passports?

5 My father hasn’t seen his older brother _ thirty years.

6 She is leaving her husband because she cannot put _ his bad temper any longer.

7 Our parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home.

A deal with B manage C help together D work together

10 A dishes B oranges C experiences D moves

Exercise 1 Complete the text with words from the box.

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Two years ago I went to a language school in England and stayed with a host family At that time Iwas (1)……… at English and couldn’t understand them very well, but I could see they were morethan a little mad They got (2)……… with me when I arrived because I didn’t take my shoes off.They were really (3)……… of their house and (4)… of getting even a bit of dirt on their carpet But

my first big problem was in the bedroom I am (5)……… to cats and there, sitting on the bed, whichwas (6) ……… in cat hair, was the ugliest animal you have ever seen “He always sleeps here,” theysaid “You’ll soon get (7) ……… to him.” I explained that I wasn’t very (8)………….of animals butthey didn’t seem to be the least bit (9) ………… in what I said The next day, I went to theaccommodation office at school and said that it was (10) ……… to change family

1/ PRONUNCIATION : Cách phát âm –ed

 Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận cùng là ‘d’ và ‘t’ thì khi thêm ‘-ed’ ta đọc là /id/

decided, needed, posted, started …

 Nếu động từ tận cùng bằng : f, k, p, s, x, ce, ch, gh, ph, sh khi thêm ‘-ed’ ta đọc là /t/ :

worked, stopped, kissed, washed, laughed …(các âm: /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/)

(Câu thần chú dễ nhớ: Xin Sư Huynh (sh) Frank Sơn CHo Phép GHi CEll Khó)

 Đọc là /d/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại : planned, loved, arrived …

Exercise 1 Read and put the words with underlined letters in the right column.

rained arrested involved received considered changed

brushed attracted happened played established laughed

wrapped asked improved finished earned closed

2/ THE PAST TENSES (Các thì quá khứ)

1 The past simple : (thì quá khứ đơn)

a/ Cách chia : S + V 2/ed (Động từ “to be”: S + was / were)

b/ Cách dùng :

afraid (of ) allergic (to) angry (with)

covered (in / with) essential fond (of) hopeless (at)

interested (in) proud (of) be / get used to + n / V-ing : quen

S + used to + Vo : …đã từng …

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* Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và biết rõ thời gian, hoặc đã chấm dứt hẳn (thường đi kèm với các từ chỉ thời gian như : yesterday, last night / week / month / year / summer …, … ago, in (2005), from 2000 to 2005.

* Để diễn tả 1 chuỗi hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ :

Ex Last night, I heard someone knock at the door, I stood up, went to answer the door, but

when I opened it I couldn’t see anyone there

2 The past continuous : (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

a/ Cách chia : I / He / She / It / N(số ít + was + V –ing …

We / you / they / N(số nhiều) + were + V-ing …

b/ Cách dùng : * Diễn tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong

quá khứ ( What were you doing at 7:00 last night? – I was watching news)

* Diễn tả 2 sự việc cùng diễn ra song song trong quá khứ ( với các liên từ : while, as):

Yesterday, while my father was reading a book, my mother was cooking dinner.

*Chỉ 1sự việc đang diễn ra (was / were + V-ing) thì có hành động khác đột xuất chen vào (V2):

Ex When I came, they were having lunch

3 The past perfect : (thì quá khứ hoàn thành / quá khứ kép)

a/ Cách chia : S + had + V 3/ed

b/ Cách dùng :* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm hoặc 1 một hành động khác trong

quá khứ (V2) trong câu có các liên từ: before, after, when):

- Before 2000, he had worked in that company

- When I got up this morning, my father had left for HCM city

Exercise 2 Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.

1 Sam (not receive) the parcel the last time I _ (speak) to him

2 I (consider) buying a house but now I _ (change) my mind

3 When you _(feel) hungry later, room service _ (bring) you whatever you _(want)

4 I _(find) it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I _(lose) my ticket

5 Since I (pay) for our lunch, I _(try) to attract the waiter’s attention

6 As soon as I _ (have) a good look at the designs, I _ (send) them back to you

7 I _(hope) to meet you ever since I (read) your first novel

8 Whatever (happen),I _ (meet) you here in a week’s time

9 By the time you (finish) getting ready, we (miss) the train !

10 Sally! I _ (not expect) to see you here What (you do) in New York?

Exercise 3 Complete the passage, using the word from the box that best fits each space.

Good personal relations based on mutual trust and esteem play a (1) …………important role in doing business in Japan Hospitality given and received can play a (2)………part in maintaining and establishing such relations While in Japan it is (3)……… for thevisitor to offer a meal in a restaurant or in his hotel: he is not expected to reciprocateentertaining on the Japanese scale

The Japanese do not expect foreigners to understand the (4)…… points of their ownetiquette but they like people who try to conform Shoes are removed before enteringJapanese-style houses and restaurants

important immediately acceptable finer invariable

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Most Japanese meals consist of a series of small dishes (5)………, the polite thing to

do is to eat what one is offered but Japanese hosts are understanding if a foreigner explainsthat he finds a (6)…………dish unappetizing

In Japan it is the almost (7)…………custom to exchange visiting cards when one makes a newacquaintance This is useful to the foreign visitor, and it is (8)……… to take a substantialnumber of cards (say at least 100) for use in Japan

The custom of giving gifts to business and personal acquaintances is more (9)……than onmost other countries Most of these gifts are(10)……… small items and it is not necessary toreceprocate (11)……… Although it is customary to give something back in due course forpersonal presents received from individuals It may be useful to take a number of souveniritems such as English china, company pens or ties to give away on (12)……… occasions.Very high quality Scotch whisky also makes an (13)……… gift It is (14)………… that allgifts should be (15)……… wrapped in gift wrapping paper

16 The last time I was in Prague was in 1986

I haven’t _

17 The company hasn’t made a profit for 3 years

The last time

18 The last time I had a pay rise was 2 years ago

I haven’t _

Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer

1 What _at the moment?

A.do you do B.did you do C.have you done D.are you doing

2 Ben and Patty are in London on holiday.They _ at a small hotel near Hyde Park

A.stay B.are staying C.stayed D.are going to stay

3 The River Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean

A.flows B.flow C.is flowing D.flowed

4 Jet engines a lot of noise

A.are making B.have made C.made D.make

5 “Where’s Simon?” “He the dinner.”

A.is cooking B.cook C.cooks D.has cooked

6 He _ in London from 1970 to 1973

A.lives B.had lived C.has lived D.lived

7 Marilyn Monroe _in 1962

A.died B.dies C.is dying D.had died

8 I was driving along when suddenly a child _across the road

A.run B runs C ran D.was running

9 I cut myself when I _

A.was shaving B.shaved C.am shaving D.have shaved

10 My car broke down when I to work

A.am driving B.was driving C.have been driving D.drove

11 I six kilometers so far this morning

A.walk B.walked C.am walking D.have walked

12 I _interested in jazz since I left school

A.have been B.was C.am D.had been

13 The fire has gone out! - So it has I and get some sticks

A.am going to go B.will go C.go D.will be going

14 Did you remember to book seats? - Oh no, I forgot I for them now

A.am telephoning B.am going to telephone C.will telephone D.phone

15 “He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.” – “I’m sorry to hear that

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I him some grapes.”

A.will sent B.am going to send C.will have sent D.will send

16 I’ve hired a typewriter and I _ type

A.am going to B.will C.was going to D.are going to

17 I cakes That’s why my hands are all covered with flour

A.have been making B.have made C.made D.had made

18 He eating since he arrived

A.didn’t stop B.doesn’t stop C.hasn’t stopped D.hadn’t stopped

19 Her phone _ for ten minutes I wonder why she doesn’t answer it

A.has rung B.rings C.is ringing D.has been ringing

20 Where is Tom? I him today,but he told Mary that he’d be in for dinner A.didn’t see B.don’t see C.haven’t seen D.hadn’t seen

21 The earth _ round the sun

A.go B.went C.is going D.goes

22 He in a cafe when I saw him

A.sat B.had sat C.has sat D.was sitting

23 My company _ a lot of profits 5 years ago

A.had made B.made C.has made D.makes

24 Is it the first time you our beautiful country?

A.visit B.visited C.are visiting D.have visited

25 If I _ in your shoes, I would act differently

A.am B.were C.have been D.had been

26 I _ learning English five years ago

A.have started B.start C.was starting D.started

27 We _ him for years

A.didn’t see B.don’t see C.hadn’t seen D.haven’t seen

28 They a new house in this corner of the street right now

A.are building B.have been building C.were building D.build

29 My friends the army when they finished their schooling

A.joined B.have joined C.had joined D.has joined

30 How many films _ you _ this month?

A.have / seen B.did / see C.do / see D.will / see

31 Two miles _ enough for her to jog every morning

A.Are B.is C.was D.do

32 When Daisy back from the beach, she _very red from the sun

She _in the sun too long

A came / looked / had been lying B came / looked / lain

33 Look! Her eyes red and wet She _

A are / has been crying B were / had cried

34 She says Titanic is the best film she

A.had seen B.saw C.has ever seen D.will see

35 He fatter now than some years ago

A look B looked C has looked D looks

36 A new bridge over the river next year

A.is built B.is being built C.will build D.will be built

37 We the museum when the fire started

A.visited B.had visited C.were visiting D.visit

38 This building _ finished by the end of 2012

A.will have been B.will be C.is D.is going to be

39 The statue _ while it _ to another room in the museum

A.breaks / is being moved B.broke / was being moved

C.broke / was moving D.has broken / was being moved

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40 Yesterday I _ along the street when realized that a man with a black

beard, whom I _three times already, _me

A walked / saw / followed B was walking / had seen / was following

41 -I just _ out to get an evening paper

- But it why don’t you wait till the rain _?

A.am……going / is raining/stops B.have………gone / rains / will stop

42.When I first to this village it was a quiet place But since the population and a lot of leisure facilities _, it is not quiet any more

A come / has doubled / were built B came / has doubled / have been built

43 I never been to Hanoi A.have B.has C had D having44.The last time he in public he _ a grey new suit

A was seen / was wearing B is seen / is wearing

C saw / wore D had been seen / had been wearing

45 Coming into the room he saw key where he it

A.leaves B.left C.was leaving D had left

46 You _ for ages Have you nearly finished?

A.have telephoned B.have been telephoning C.phoned D.are phoning

47 This is the first time he a car so he feels nervous

A.is driving B.has been driving C.drove D.has driven

48 Tom his driving test three times because he is so bad at reversing

A.fails B.had failed C.has failed D.failed

49 By the time you finish your twelfth grade this summer, I _ from my university A.will graduate B.will be graduating C.have graduated D.will have graduated50.When my father next month, he will have been teaching for 40 years A.retires B.will retire C.is going to retire D.is retiring

51 I am going to meet you at the airport tomorrow After you clear custom, look for me just outside the gate I _ right by the door

A.will be standing B.will stand C.am standing D.stand

52 Her eyes were red because she

A.cried B.cries C.has been crying D.had been crying

53 When I went to see them last night, they _ chess

A.were playing B.had been playing C.played D.are playing

54 I the book before my next birthday

A.will finish B.am going to finish C.will have finished D.finish

55 She a headache for several hours

A.has B.had C.has had D.is having

56 I was watching a movie when you last night

A called B.were calling C.had called D.call

57 Do you think it tomorrow?

A.rains B.is raining C.rained D.will rain

58 Where’s Tom? He said he _ here at 4:30 PM

A.would be B.will be C.was D.is

59 I’m hungry because I breakfast or lunch

A.don’t have B.didn’t have C.wasn’t having D.haven’t had

60 By the time I got to Lucy’s house,she _already _ for work

A.had ……left B.has……left C.left D.is……leaving

61 When did you start school?

62 When did you start learning English?

63 How old were you when you finished primary school?

64 What subjects are you good at? / bad at? _

65 Do you want to be a good student?

66 What will you do to be good at English?

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* Grammar The Future tenses (Các thì tương lai)

1 The Future simple (Thì tương lai đơn)

a/ Cách chia : S + will + V0 …

b/ Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai với :

- Quyết tâm hoặc hứa hẹn : I’ll go with you / I will tell him Don’t worry.

- Thường đi kèm với ‘someday, tomorrow, next week / month …, in two weeks

Ex He’ll come back next week

She won’t go there tomorrow.

2/ The future continuous (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn)

a/ Cách chia : S + will be + V-ing …

b/ Cách dùng: Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra ở 1 thời điểm trong tương lai

Ex He will be studying Chemistry at this time tomorrow.

We will be visiting Ha Long bay at this time next month.

3/ The future perfect (Thì tương lai hoàn thành)

a/ Cách chia : S + will have + V3/ed

b/ Cách dùng : Diễn tả 1 sự việc đã hoàn thành tại một thời điểm trong tương lai

Ex They will have built that bridge by April next year.

By next month, I will have left for Nha Trang.

* Thường đi kèm với ‘by then, by the time, by + mốc thời gian)

4/ The near future (Thì tương lai gần): S + am / is / are + going to + V …

diễn tả tương lai có dự định trước hoặc 1 việc sắp xảy ra

Ex We are going to buy a new bike next month (Đã có dự tính rồi)

Look at the clouds, it is going to rain (near future)

REPORTED SPEECH Câu tường thuật / câu gián tiếp

 Khi động từ giới thiệu ở thì hiện tại (He says …), thì hiện tại hoàn thành (have/hassaid…) thì trong lời nói gián tiếp chỉ cần thay đổi đại từ

 Khi động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said) thì trong lời nói gián tiếp ta phải thay đổi thì

của động từ, cụm từ chỉ thời gian, không gian

* The ways to change direct speech into indirect speech

( Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp)

Present simple (V1) : have / has  had past simple (V2)

Past simple (V2)  past perfect (had V3)

Present perfect (have/has V3)  past perfect (had V3)

tomorrow  the next day / the following day

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three years ago  3 years before

next week / month / year  the following week / month / year

last week / month / year  the previous week / month / year…the week before… Exercise 1 Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Nam Nam told you a lot of things Here are some of the things he said to you.

a) I live here with my parents  He said (that)

b) Our new house is beautiful 

c) I want to be a teacher of English

d) I’m thinking of going to study English in AustraliA 

e) I can’t speak Chinese 

f) My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang 

g) I’ll be very busy today 

h) I must come to the meeting tomorrow 

i) These roses are for you 

j) I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you later 

2 Reported speech with question words : What, When, Where, Who, Why, How … Giữ lại ‘question words’ , nghi vấn chuyển thành ‘khẳng định’ (không đảo ngữ)

Ex “Where are you from?” Mrs Smith asked.

She asked me where I was from.

“How many bedrooms are there?” Nam asked

I asked her how many bedrooms there were.

a/ “What sort of heating is there?” Nam asked

Exercise 3 Reported speech with Yes / No questions

Thêm ‘if / whether’, nghi vấn chuyển thành khẳng định (không đảo ngữ) Example: “Are you a student?” Mrs Smith asked.

She asked me if / whether I was a student.

a/ “Is there a phone?”

I asked her

b/ “Do you have a lot of friends?”

She asked me

c/ “Is there a fridge in the kitchen?”  I asked her _

d/ “Do you smoke?”  She asked me

f/ “Does the flat have central heating?” I asked her

g/ “Can I move the furniture around?”  I asked her

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She asked me

i/ “Is there a TV in the bedroom?”  I asked her

Exercise 4 “What country do you come from?” said Bill.

Bill asked what country I came from.

a/ “Can you speak English?”  Ann b/ “How long are you staying here?” asked Peter  Peter asked me c/ “Are you working as well as studying?” said Linda

 _m/ “I’ve fallen in love with a beautiful girl,” he said

 _

n/ “ I sent her a valentine card,” he said 

o/ “ I’ve bought her a diamond ring,” he said

v/ “I’m not going out tonight,” he said 

w/ “You should memorize five new words every day,” the teacher said

z/ “Don’t go out alone at night because it is very dangerous,” he said

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4 A application B education C addition D question

* Cách đổi câu chủ động sang bị động

+ Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ cho câu bị động

+ Động từ của câu bị động thành lập theo dạng : BE + V 3/-ed

+ Lấy chủ ngữ của câu chủ động làm tân ngữ cho câu bị động, có ‘by’ đứng trước.

+ Thì của động từ ‘BE’ được chia cùng thì với động từ chính trong câu chủ động

Passive : S Be +V3/-ed by O

 Đối với Modal verbs như: can, could, will, would, should, must, ought to, have to, is

going to … ta chỉ cần thêm ‘be’vào giữa can… và V 3/-ed

 have / has / had + V3/ed), ta chỉ cần thêm ‘been’ vào giữa.

 Hiện tại tiếp diễn (am / is / are + V-ing) và quá khứ tiếp diễn (was / were + V-ing) ta

chen thêm ‘being’ vào trước V3/-ed của động từ chính.

1 Underline the suitable verb form in each sentence The first one is done for you.

1 A kettle is used / uses to boil water.

2 Tennis is played / played with a racket.

3 Uranium discovered / was discovered by Marie Curie.

4 Sheakepeare was written / wrote Hamlet.

5 The road was built / built in 1991.

6 Pictures are spoken / speak more than words.

7 Flowers need / are needed water every day.

Exercise 2 Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.

1 They had cleaned the room before we came

 The room had been cleaned before we came

2 The earthquake has totally destroyed the town

6 Jane will complete the report tomorrow………

7 Mr Barack Obama has bought a holiday home ………

8 The decision has deprived many people of the right to vote

………

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9 The farmer prevented walkers from crossing the field

………

10 They will announce the President’s arrival to the waiting journalists

Exercise 3 Supply the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.

Every child in England (1 provide) _ with full time education from the age

of five to sixteen Many parents send their children to state schools where the tuition and theequipment, textbooks and exercise books (2 give) _ free of charge About 5% of children

go to fee-paying school Under the old system, children attended primary school (from five to eleven)

which (3 follow) by a secondary school course (from eleven to fifteen or over) Ateleven every child had to sit for the eleven-plus examination It consisted of tests in English,arithmetic and intelligence tests Those with the highest marks (about 20% of the children) (4 allow) to go to grammar school The others (5 send) to technical schools

Exercise 4 Use ‘to be V3/ed, to have been V3/ed or being V3/ed, having been V3/ed

1 It’s important for the figures (update) regularly

2 Rick ignored the problems despite (warn) about them

3 The men wanted to avoid (see) on security cameras

4 Alice is hoping (promote) soon

5 The goods ought _ (deliver) two weeks ago

6 The system was adopted without _ (test) three weeks ago

7 I’d like the money (transfer) immediately, please

8 The Chief Executive insisted on (inform) of every detail

9 I’m afraid the documents seem _ (mislay)

10 As well as _(move) to a less important job, Emily had suffered a drop in salary

11 When I woke up in hospital, I remembered _ (bite) by a snake but

nothing after that

12 Changes to the taxation are expected _ (propose) by the government

13 The state school system can be divided _ two levels of education : primary

school and secondary school

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ( IF )

Câu điều kiện thường có một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một mệnh đề phụ

(If clause) Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Có 3 loại :

1 Type I : Chỉ điều kiện có thể xảy ra trong tương lai (Future possible)

If S + V1 …, S + will / can + V0 (nguyên mẫu không TO)

Ex If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass your exam.

2 Type II : Chỉ điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại ( Present Unreal)

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If S + V2 …, S + would / could + V0 …

Ex If I were a bird, I would be a dove (dùng ‘were’ không dùng ‘was’)

3 Type III : Chỉ điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ (Past Unreal)

If S + had V3 …, S + would have + V3/-ed …

Ex If he had studied hard last year, he would have passed the graduation exam

 Mixed Conditionals (Điều kiện kết hợp) :

If S + had V3 …(giống loại III), S + would + V0 …(giống loại II)

Ex If she had applied for that job last year, she would be rich now.

Choose one sentence that best rewrites the root one.

1 He didn’t work hard, so he failed the exam.

A If he work hard, he wouldn’t fail the exam

B If he hadn’t worked hard, he would have failed the exam

C He would have passed the exam if he had worked hard

D He had passed the exam if he would have worked hard

2 If I had had your address, I would have sent you a present.

A I don’t have your address, so I won’t send you a present

B I didn’t send you a present because I didn’t have your address

C I hadn’t had your address; that’s why I wouldn’t have sent you a present

D I don’t send you a present because I wouldn’t have your address

3 I was tired because I stayed up late last night.

A If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t have been tired

B I hadn’t been tired if I wouldn’t have stayed up late last night

C If I had stayed up late last night, I would have been tired

D I wouldn’t be tired if I didn’t stay up late last night

4 You wouldn’t have made many mistakes if you had been careful.

A You didn’t make many mistakes because you weren’t careful

B You made many mistakes because you were careful

C You were careful, so you didn’t make many mistakes

D You weren’t careful , so you made many mistakes

5 You didn’t do as I told you; that’s why you didn’t succeed.

A If you hadn’t done as I told you, you wouldn’t have succeeded

B If you had done as I told you, you would have succeeded

C You would have succeeded if you hadn’t done as I told you

D You wouldn’t have succeeded if you had done as I told you

Find the mistake (A, B, C or D).

1 I had gone to see you if I had known that you were ill

A B C D

2 If Mr Black weren’t late every day, he wouldn’t have lost his job

3 We wouldn’t have enjoyed that party because it was very long

A B C D

4 My sister has been ill from yesterday and I have to look after her

5 If I were you, I would have forgotten about buying a new car

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using conditional sentences.

1 If the weather is nice on Sunday, ………

2 Unless you hurry up, ………

3 I wouldn’t live in this neighbourhood, ………

4 If I had your address, ………

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5 Had you asked me earlier, ………

6 What would you do if ………

7 If I were a millionaire, ………

8 If I were a bird, ………

9 If I were a flower, ………

10 If there is a lot of fog, the flight ………(be) delayed 11 If the flight is delayed, she ………… (be) late for the meeting * Use the following phrases for the sentences from 13 to 22 Go on a diet give you a lift study harder brush your teeth finish your homework play basketball help you carry them stay in bed do the test well do exercises every morning 13 If you want to be healthy, you ought to ………

14 If you want to be better, you should ………

15 If you want to lose weight, you should ………

16 If he is taller, he can ………

17 If you want to have healthy teeth, you have to ……… after each meal 18 If you don’t learn the lessons carefully, you cannot ………

19 If you want to pass the next exam, you must ………

20 If you want to go to town, I can ………

21 If you want to play computer games, you must ………

22 If the suitcases are too heavy, I can ………

23 If her son studied hard, he ……….school (not hate school)

24 If he didn’t work 12 hours a day, he ……….tired (not be)

25 If she ………… the time, she would read a lot (can find)

26 If he didn’t eat too much, he ……….overweight (not be)

27 A interviewed B finished C worked D dressed

29 It would have been better if you wouldn’t have argued with him last night

30 Suppose you haven’t found your car keys, what would you have done?

II Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense to form 3 rd or mixed condition.

1 If I (not see) it with my own eyes, I _ (not believe) it

2 We (still live) in Cardiff if we _ (not find) someone to

buy our house last year

3 If Hilary (not look) out of the window at that moment, she _

(not spot) the criminals trying to break into her car

4 Nobody _ (ever guess) he was a thief if he _ (not catch) red-handed taking money from the safe

5 Henry _(not ever get) that job at the bank if he _ (not go) to school with the manager’s son

6 Just think, if I _ (take) that job with the export company, I

(live) in Sao Paulo now, not Manchester!

7 If the doctor _ (not notice) the defect when I was child, I (be) practically blind by now

8 We _ (be) home in beds ages ago if you (not lose) the map

9 Frank _(be here) today if that boy (not know) how to do

artificial respiration

10 If you _ (listen) to the traffic report on the radio this morning, we

(not sit) here in this jam

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Who : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ :  who + V + O …

Ex The woman who lives next door is very friendly.

Whom : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ :  whom + S + V + O …

Ex The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle.

Which : Đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ :  which …

Ex The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa.

The dog which you gave me is lovely.

That : dùng sau danh từ chỉ người và vật : The book that you lent me is interesting.

This is the man that I met in Paris last month.

* That được dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh nhất (the best, the most…, everybody, anybody,

nobody, somebody, everything, something …)

Ex He’s the best teacher that I have ever known.

I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.

* That không bao giờ dùng sau dấu phẩy (mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định), cũng không

dùng sau giới từ

Whose : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để chỉ sở hữu :  whose + N + …

Ex I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor.

When : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian :

Ex I’ll never forget the day when I met her.

Where : Đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn : Dalat is the place where I like to come.

Why : Đứng sau từ chỉ lý do (the reason): I don’t understand the reason why he was late.

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

- Mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta dùng ‘phân từ hiện tại’(present participle): V-ing

Ex Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?

 Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động, ta dùng ‘quá khứ phân từ’: V3/-ed

Ex The students who were punished by the teacher are very lazy

 The students punished by the teacher are very lazy.

I Choose the word with main stress placed differently from that of the others.

3 A responsibility B congratulation C electrician D qualification

5 A experience B suitable C concentrate D comment

7 A irrigation B manufacture C imaginary D engineer

8 A workforce B journalist C interested D throughout

9 A popularity B congratulate C disappointed D advertisement

10 A financial B pressure C technical D advertise

II Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentences.

11 I am so that I cannot say anything, but keep silent

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12 _ speaking, I do not really like my present job

13 A letter of is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview

A recommend B recommended C recommender D recommendation

14 Her job was so _ that she decided to quit it

A interesting B satisfactory C stressful D wonderful

15 Some days of rest may help to _ the pressure of work

16 Can you tell me some information that _ to the job?

A indicates B expesses C interests D relates

17 Not all teenagers are well _ for their future job when they are at high school

A interested B satisfied C concerned D prepared

18 Qualifications and _ are two most important factors that help you to get a good job

A politeness B experience C attention D impression

19 I have just called a job interview I am so nervous

20 What do I have to bring me to the interview?

21 My father works for a construction company in _

A Winchester, which is a city in the U.K B Winchester, that is a city in the U.K

C Winchester, where is a city in the U.K D Winchester is a city in the U.K

III. Choose the correct answer.(Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng).

1 I hate _ at weekends

A.working B.work C worker D.worked

2 Would you like _ to a disco this evening?

3 Can I help you _ your things?

A.to move B.move C.moving D.Both A and B

4 I had hoped the musical show Rainbow,but I couldn’t any tickets.

A.to see/get B/to see/to get C.see/get D.to see/getting

5 Stop _ so much noise.People are trying _

A.to make/ to sleep B.making/to sleep C.making/sleeping D.to make/slept

6 Would you like something ?

7 You should _ to avoid through the city centre at the rush hour

A.try / driving B.to try / driving C.trying / to drive D.trying / driving

8 I want a few days about their offer before _ a decision

A.to think / making B.to think/make C.thinking/making D.think/making

9 They suggested dinner in an Indian restaurant

A.have B.to have C.had D.having

10 It’s unusual for him _ ill

11 It was horrible to work as an au pair My family expected me seven days a week A.work B.working C.worked D.to work

12 Do you prefer to ?

A.ski/ice-skating B.skiing/ice-skating C.ski/ice-skate D to ski/ ice-skate

13 I’m very fond of by the sea

14 I rang the doorbell,but no one seemed at home

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15 It was good of you _ everything to me

A explain B explaining C to explain D explained

16 I’d advise you _ alone in that part of the city

A not to walk B not walk C not walking D don’t walk

17 I remember her once,but I can’t remember her name

A meeting B to meet C met D not meeting

18 I’d like _ a copy of a letter Could you me how _ the photocopier?

A to make / show / to use B to make / show / use

C making / show / to use D make / show / to use

19 I feel like _ anything at all this evening

A not to do B not doing C don’t do D do

20 We’re very much looking forward to you next week

A see B saw C to see D seeing

21 I mustn’t the doctor tomorrow morning

A.forget / phone B to forget / to phone C forget / to phone D.forgot / to phone

22 The customs officer made me _ my suitcases

A.empty B.to empty C.emptied D.emptying

23 _ too many sweets is bad for your teeth

A.Eating B.Eat C.Ate D.Eaten

24 Sarah has decided _ on holiday this summer

A not to go B doesn’t go C not going D go

25 They stopped at one o’clock something

A.working/to have/to eat B.to work/to have/to eat

C.working/having/eating D.working/to have/eat

26 It was very kind of you her the money

27 These shoes need .They ‘ve got holes in them

A.repair B.repairing C.to repair D.repaired

28 I wouldn’t recommend _ in that supermarket.It’s very expensive

A.shopping B.shop C.to shop D.shopper

29 Would you mind _ the door for me,please?

A.opening B.to open C.open D.opened

30 When you leave the room,don’t forget _ all the lights

A.switch off B.to switch off C.switching off D.switched off

31 They saw Mary in the garden as they drove past

A.sunbathing B.to sunbathe C.sunbathed D.sunbathes

32 I’m tired.I regret to bed late last night

A.going B.to go C.went D.go

33 I really must go now.I’ve got a train _

A.catch B.to catch C.catching D.caught

34 I need some new clothes to the party

A.to wear B.wore C.wear D.wearing

35 “Why are you so quiet?” – “I haven’t got anything _.”

36 I’ve got some letters

A write B wrote C writing D to write

37 Can we meet today?I’ve got something important _ you

A.tell B.telling C.to tell D.told

38 Have you got a key _ this door?

A.to unlock B.unlock C.unlocked D.unlocking

39 I enjoy up early in the morning

A.get B.to get C.getting D.got

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40 I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished _it

A reading B to read C reader D read

IV Fill in each gap with an appropriate preposition.

36 She’s very keen _ getting a highly-paid job

37 We’re interviwing the job in the Sales Department

38 He was tempted to give _ freelancing and get a regular job

39 You will receive training _ the job

40 Try to make an immediate impression _ your interviewer

41 You may jot your qualifications and experience that can relate _ the job

42 I’ll tell you how to succeed a job interview

43 I decided to concentrate all my efforts finding a better-paid job

44 He’s been _ work since the factory closed

45 Ask some questions to show that you’re interested _ the interview and that you have prepared well _ it

V Add a relative pronoun or a relative adverb to complete the following sentences.

46 Students _ get below-average exam results do not have the best prospects

47 Only about 70 people live on Lundy Island, _ lies off the coast of Devon

48 Accidents _ happen at night usually involve fewer people

49 Marian Evans, wrote under the name of George Eliot was a great novelist

50 Religion is a subject on people hold very firm opinions

51 Unfortunately we live in a part of the city _ there’s no underground line

52 There must be a reason no one has replied to our message

53 The Queen’s eldest son is Charles, _ marriage to Diana ended in 1996

54 No one cares about the starving people for _ the aid is intendeD

55 Lin wishes she still had the camera James broke

56 Steve couldn’t understand the woman Hannah was interviewing

57 There isn’t a moment _ I’m not thinking of you

58 I wish to thank a number of people for _ support I am extremely grateful

59 We ate most of the food and threw away _ we couldn’t eat

60 She cycled from London to Glasgow, _ is pretty good for a woman of 75

VI Choose the correct answer.(Hãy chọn câu trả lời đúng).

61 It is of great importance to create a good impression _ your interview

62 Good preparations your job interview is a must

63 Being well-dress and punctual can help you create a good _ on your interviewer

A impression B pressure C employment D effectiveness64.Many children are under such a high _ of learning that they don’t feel happy at school

A recommendation B interview C pressure D concentration

65 To my _, I was not offered the job

66 Many people will be out of _ if the factory is closed

67 I / look forward / hear / you  _

VII Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.

1 Since he went to university, Mike has become very interested _ environment issues

2 It’s piecework, so how much you earn depends _ how fast you can work

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3 The job offer was too good for Jennifer to turn _

4 She has been _ for an interview for the manager’s joB

5 The agency will let you know if they have any suitable _

A redundancies B vacancies C abilities D capabilities

6 One condition of this job is that you must be _ to work at weekends

A available B capable C acceptable D accessible

7 A skilled _ will help candidates feel relaxeD

A interview B interviewing C interviewee D interviewer

8 The company employs a _ of nearly 5000

A workload B workman C workforce D workout

9 With so much _ , I’m lucky to be in work

A employees B employers C employment D unemployment

10 She applied for the new _ of training officer

Undergo underwent undergone chịu (đựng)

Though, although, even though (mặc dù) S + V …, (không dùng ‘but’) S V …

Despite / in spite of + N / noun phrase

Because + S + V … Vì / Bởi vì … (Sau ‘because’ phải là mệnh đề)

Because of + N / Noun phrase (Sau ‘because of’ là danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ)

Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with although/in spite of/because/because of

1 He went home early ………… He was feeling sick

2 He went to work the next day ……… he was still feeling not well

3 She only accepted the job ……… the high salary

4 She accepted the job ……… The low salary

5 The old man managed to get to sleep ……….there was a lot of noise

6 The old man couldn’t get to sleep ……… the noise

Exercise 2 Underline the correct phrase.

1 His shirt is still dirty even though / even if he has washed it three times.

2 They drink water from the paddy field even though / even if they know it is polluted.

3 We will go ahead with our project even though / even if our partners pull out.

4 My friend enjoys going to disco even though / even if he doesn’t like dancing.

5 Even though / Even if the building was in perfect condition, it would still be

impossible to use it

* even if = even though (in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that …): cho dù …

You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready.

 2 mệnh đề trong câu có ‘even though’ cùng thì (the same tense)

 ‘even if’ có cấu trúc giống mệnh đề ‘if’

Exercise 3 Write a new sentence with the same meaning Use the words in parentheses in your sentence.

1 He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired (in spite of)

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8 It was cold, but he went swimming  Although ………

Exercise 4 Underline the correct word or phrase Both answers may be correct.

1 Although / In spite of we left late, we still got there in time.

2 It was a fantastic evening although / in spite of the terrible food.

3 We have decided to go despite /although the cost of the tickets.

4 They enjoyed the course, although / despite it was very difficult.

5 I love the sea though / whereas most of my friends prefer the mountains.

6 Because / While Sophia’s father is from Spain, she doesn’t speak Spanish.

7 Despite / Although the fact that Reid failed to scored himself, he helped Jones to score

two goals

8 Confident as / though she felt, she knew the examination would not be easy.

9 The driver stopped to let on more passengers even though / even if the bus was full.

10 While / Whereas I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an

A grade

11 Experienced though / although the climbers were, they had never faced such severe

conditions before

12 I still couldn’t afford to go to Paris, even though / even if I took the cheapest route.

13 We told John the car was too expensive However / Although, he still bought it.

14 Despite / Although having to cope with three small children, she is taking a part-time

MBA course

15 Most people you meet will be polite to you …… You are polite to them

Ex 5 Choose A, B, C or D – that best completes the sentences.

1 Everybody should be made aware _ the risks involved

2 The recent economic crisis has brought _ a slump in world trade

3 The government is aiming 50% reduction _ unemployment

4 Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign _

A policy B political C politics D politician

5 The President has _ his commitment to the peace process

A reargued B reenacted C reaffirmed D reminded

6 The government made serious attempts to raise the _ of living

7 The police have asked for the _ of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the escaped convict

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A partnership B cooperation C association D alliance

8 As a result of the strike, the government is urging people to be with electricity

A economy B economic C economical D economically

9 the wet weather, the football match went aheaD

10 _ he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home

Exercise 6 Complete these sentences in a logical way.

1 I understood what she was saying although _

2 I was able to follow what she was saying whereas

3 We enjoyed the holiday in spite of

4 The exam was very difficult However,

5 Although it’s a long film, _

6 I wouldn’t tell where John lives even if _

7 She was good at physics despite the fact that _

8 He is still out of work despite _

9 There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so, _

10 Hot though the night air was,

11 Hôm qua mặc dù trời mưa, tôi vẫn đi đến trường đúng giờ

12 Mặc lời khuyên của thầy cô, anh ấy vẫn không cố gắng học hành siêng năng hơn

13 Bạn sẽ đậu tốt nghiệp nếu bạn học hành siêng năng

14 Nếu năm ngoái anh ấy học hành siêng năng, anh ấy đã thi đậu

15 Nếu là chim, tôi sẽ là loài bồ câu trắng; nếu là hoa, tôi sẽ là đóa hướng dương

1 Mạo từ xác định (definite article): THE

- Dùng trước danh từ chỉ người hay vật đã được nhắc đến trước đó :

I bought a shirt and a pullover this morning Unluckily, the pullover is too tight.

- Dùng trước DT mà người nói và người nghe đều biết, dù chưa được nhắc đến :

Ex Where’s the bathroom? – Over there, in the corner.

- Dùng trước danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất : the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky…

- Trước tính từ dùng như danh từ để chỉ 1 nhóm : The rich should help the poor.

- Trước danh từ xác định do cụm từ phía sau :

The girl in blue… the man with the red banner…

The boy that I met… the place where I met him … the tower of London…

- Trước dạng so sánh nhất và số thứ tự:

The first week, the best day, the most beautiful…

- Trước tên các đại dương, sông núi, sa mạc, phương hướng …

The Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara, the Thames, the Nile, in the east…

- Tên các nhạc cụ và nhóm nhạc : the guitar, the piano, the Beatles …

2 Mạo từ không xác định (indefinite article) : a, an (trước danh từ đếm được)

a dùng trước phụ âm và an dùng trước nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u)

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- Khi đề cập lần đầu tiên: I met a good person on the street.

- Trước nghề nghiệp của một ai đó: My father is a doctor.

- Trước đối tượng riêng lẻ, có nghĩa là ‘một’ : 60 kilometres an hour

- Trong câu cảm thán với danh từ đếm được:

What a beautiful day! Such a pretty girl!

3 Không dùng mạo từ

- Trước tên các quốc gia : Japan, China …

Trừ: The United States, The United Kindom, The Philippines, The Netherlands.

- Trước tên các ngôn ngữ, bữa ăn, môn thể thao :

French, English…, breakfast, lunch, dinner…, football, volleyball …

- Trước tước hiệu, ngọn núi, ao hồ :

Queen Elizabeth, President Obama, Mount Everest …

Exercise 1 Put in a / an or the where necessary or Ø (không thêm gì cả)

1 I don’t usually like staying at ………… hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at

a very nice hotel by the sea.

2 …… tennis is my favourite sport I play once or twice … week if I can, but I’m not …very good player

3 I won’t be home for …….dinner this evening I’m meeting some friends after ….work and we’re going to … cinema

4 ….unemployment is increasing at the moment and it’s getting difficult for … people to find … work

5 There was … accident as I was going … home last night Two people were taken to …hospital I think most accidents are caused by … people driving too fast

6 Carol is … economist She used to work in … investment department of … Lloyds Bank Now she works for … American bank in … United States

7 A: What’s … name of … hotel where you’re staying?

B: … Imperial It’s in Queen Street in … city center It’s near … station

8 I have two brothers: … older one is training to be … pilot with British Airways, …younger one is still at … school When he leaves … school, he wants to go to …university to study law

9 Last night we had …… terible storm Our children were frightened by …… thunder

10 Frank Lloyd Wright is …… name of ……… famous architect He is …… architect who designed ……… Guggenheim Museum in New York

Exercise 2 Put in one of the following: at, on, in, during, for, since, by, until.

1 Jack has gone away He’ll be back in a week.

2 We’re having a party ………… Saturday Can you come?

3 I’ve got an interview next week It’s …… 9.30 …… Tuesday morning

4 Sue isn’t usually here …… weekends She goes away

5 The train service is very good The train are nearly always ………time

6.It was a confusing situation Many things were happening …… the same time

7 I couldn’t decide whether or not to buy the sweater …… the end I decided to leave it

8 The road is busy all the time, even ……night

9 I met a lot of nice people ……… my stay in New York

10 I saw Helen …… Friday, but I haven’t seen her ……… then

11 Brian has been doing the same job ………five years

12 Lisa’s birthday is ……….the end of March I’m not sure exactly which day it is

13 We have some friends staying with us …….the moment They’re staying … Friday

14 If you’re interested in applying for the job, your application must be received …Saturday

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15 I’m just going out I won’t be long – I’ll be back ……ten minutes

Exercise 3 Put in the missing preposition.

1 The plan has been changed, but nobody seems to know the reason ……this

2 Don’t ask me to decide I’m not very good …… making decisions

3 Some people say that Sue in unfriendly, but she’s always very nice ……me

4 What do you think is the best solution …… the problem?

5 There has been a big increase ……… the price of land recently

6 He lives a rather lonely life He doesn’t have much contact ………other people

7 Paul is a keen photographer He likes taking pictures …… people

8 Michael got married …… a woman he met when he was studying at college

9 He’s very brave He’s not afraid ……anything

10 I’m surprised ……the amount of traffic today I didn’t think it would be so busy

Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer.

1 Andy ………my wallet while he was walking home

2 I’m sorry Dad’s not here this weekend, he’s …… to my uncle’s house

3 We can meet at the café ………the cinemA ( across / next / opposite )

4 I haven’t read any English books ……… last year ( yet / since / before / after)

5 The sports stadium isn’t as modern ………the skateboard park

6 ……… this author written many books? ( Did / Is / Has / Do )

7 My family arrived in this country fifty years ……

8 Several languages ……… taught at this school

9 Thank you very much …… the presents you have given us

10 It’s best to go round the city center on ………

11 Alice is the girl ………guitar I borrowed for the concert (that / whose / her / his)

12 Be careful when you step ……….the bus (out / off / down / for)

13 We used to live next ………to my grandparents (door / house / place / home)

14 Adrian wanted to know where …… the CD player

A did you buy B I had bought C was bought D I had buy

15 I’m afraid there aren’t ……cups for everyone to have coffee (many / much / enough)

16 They searched the whole house by

17 We haven’t got _ left We must have some when we go shopping

A a butter B any butter C the butter D some butter

18 I didn’t have time for _ this morning because I was in hurry

Exercise 5 Use the words given to write complete sentences

1 It / not so easy / imagine what life / be like / future

2 But from what / happened / and from what / happening, we can / make / predictions

3 First, future / life / become / very automatic

4 Many things / do / by computerised control

5 People / eat more / prepare / and even / pre-digest / food

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6 They / wear disposable clothes / avoid / time / and / cost of washing

7 People / not / have / move around very much while working because they can do things / theirdesks

8 Computers / work miracles / and their help / humans / have less need / use their brain

9 That / why their ability / think, imagine, create / enjoy / become less important

VI Complete the 2 nd sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 Amy’s cold started last week, and she’s still got it (since) → Amy

2 We moved here two years ago (for) → We

3 I realized immediately that something was wrong (once)

→ I _

4 I last saw her at Oliver’s party (since) → I

5 When Sandra walked out of the meeting, she didn’t say goodbye to anyone (without)

→ Sandra left _

6 It’s months since I’ve bought any clothes (for) → I _

7 It’s six weeks now since the term began (ago) → The term _

8 I didn’t see her again for five years (before) → Five years

9 I didn’t mean to break the vase (purpose) → I _

10 The film starts half an hour from now (in) → The film _

VII Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently.

1 A eradicate B astronaut C standard D late

4 A unexpected B destroyed C declared D improved

*Burn burnt burnt (đốt) cháy

GRAMMAR REVISION

But (nhưng), so (vì thế, cho nên) dùng sau dấu phẩy.

However, nevertheless (tuy nhiên), therefore, consequently (cho nên, do đó): được đặt giữa

2 dấu phẩy, hoặc giữa chấm phẩy và dấu phẩy

Exercise 1 Underline the correct alternative in the following sentences.

1 Hung Studied very hard, but / so he still failed the exam.

2 Lan studied very hard, but / so she passed the exam very easily.

3 It was very cold last weekend, but / so we still went for our picnic.

4 It was very cold last weekend, but / so we had to cancel our picnic.

5 He was an honest boy, but / so his parents still dis believe in him

6 He was an honest boy, but / so he was released from prison.

7 The flight attendant serves dinner, but / so I didn’t eat.

8 The negative effect of cigarette smoking is enormous, but / so many people still smoke.

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9 Jane has caught a cold, but / so she needs to takes a rest.

10 The issue has been all agreed upon, but / so we need to give it a second thought.

Exercise 2 Fill each blank with but, so, however or therefore where appropriate.

1 This is the shortest way to the city center; _ it is not the only way

2 The boy was able to learn English, _ he is very lazy

3 He didn’t attend the lesson, he could not do his homework

4 The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, we bought 10 kilos

5 Your son is heading to the right direction; I think you should encourage him

to learn harder

6 It was midnight, the restaurant was still open

7 It was midnight, they closed the restaurant and went home

8 He had written to her many times, but she didn’t give any reply; they had been out of touch ever since

9 We discussed the issue all day, we could not come to a final conclusion

10 It started to rain hard; we decided to stay at home to watch TV

Exercise 3 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the

sentence printed before it.

1 “Don’t forget to tell me about the Sahara Desert,” she told me

4 The man was not able to go on an expedition to the Middle East because of his age

The man was too ………

5 “Why don’t you report to the class what you have read about deserts?” the teacher asked Nam

The teacher wanted to know why ………

I Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

II Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.

1 I am deeply pessimistic _ the future

2 Parental involvement contributes significantly children’s learning

3 During the crises, many companies will be wiped and millions of jobs will be lost

4 The country is experiencing a severe economic

A development B cooperation C depression D reform

5 I’ve always had a fairly outlook on life

A optimist B optimistic C optimism D optimistically

6 of the financial crisis, all they could do was hold on and hope that things would improve

A At the bottom B At the height C On the top D In the end

7 During the recession, many small companies were eradicated

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A run on B taken over C wiped out D set up

8 It is really quite incredible that he is unaware of such basic facts

A unbelievable B difficult C disappointed D imaginable

9 The bomb attacks have been attributed to a group of international _

A terrorism B terrorist C terrorists D terrorization

10 Unemployment directly to homelessness

A attributes B creates C provides D contributes

11.The Simpson Desert was named _ the President of the South Australian Branch

14 A is a low hill of sand formed by wind, in a desert

15 One well-knowm desert plant is the _ , which grows well in hot dry regions

16 extremely bad weathher in the mountains, we’re no longer considering our skiing trip

17 A tree had fallen across the road, _ they had to turn round and go back

18 She worked hard _ everything would be ready in time

19 Everyone thought Emma should accept the offer , she turned it down

A Moreover B Nevertheless C Therefore D Consequently

20 I’ve been running about 200 kilometres a week _ prepare for the marathon

21 A child needs to learn how to get along with another people and how to spend his or

her time wisely

22 Last night’s storm damaged the power lines Consequent, the town was without

electricity for several hours

23 Oceanography is not a single science and rather a group of disciplines with a common

26 The word “hospitable” has the meaning of being

27 They continued their journey _ the Sahara Desert

28 Most of the Sahara consists _ rocky; large sand dunes form only a minor part

29 The land loses its protective cover of _ and soon turns into desert

A vegetables B vegetative C vegetation D vegetal

30 After three hours of climbing, we finally reached the of the mountain

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31 He seemed very reluctant to take my advice.

A He seemed quite willing to take my advice

B It seemed he was not ready to give me advice

C It seemed he was not willing to take my advice

D He seemed very anxious to take my advice

32 It’s a shame John eats sweets whenever he gets the chance.

A John always eat sweets when he feels sad or disappointed

B John dislike eating sweets

C John will not take a chance on eating sweets

D John never turns down sweets when they are offered to him

33 He can try as hard as he likes but he won’t succeed.

A However hard he tries, he won’t succeed

B He can tries his best if he won’t succeed

C He won’t succed because he can’t try as hard

D Although he won’t succeed, he can try as hard as he likes

34 Machines used to harvest tree crops such as cherries or almonds can be classified

either as shakers and (D) as pick-up machines

35 Now that I’ve learned to stay afloat, I feel better about the water, and I still can’t

Hold …breath nín hơi

Grammar notes

May + V0 : is used for permission, possibility (be allowed to, be possible to …

esp in questions to ask permission : “May I go out?”

‘You may leave when you’ve finished,’ he said.

Might + V0 : is used for possibility : Be careful of the dog It might bite you.

Must + V0 : expresses obligation (imposed by the speaker):

I must do my homework Cf have to expresses external obligation)

Mustn’t + V0 : expresses a negative obligation or prohibition :

You mustn’t step on the grass.

You mustn’t leave your car unlocked This place is full of thieves.

Needn’t + V0: express absence of obligation :

You needn’t make two copies One will do.

May / might as well : maybe happen but reluctantly (cũng có thể …)

May / might have + V3/ed : có thể đã … (nhưng không chắc chắn)

Must have + V3/ed …… : hẳn đã … (quyết đoán 1 việc cho rằng đã xảy ra)

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I Read the text below and circle A, B, C or D which best fits each space.

SCIENTISTS LEARN FROM CROCODILES

From recent (1) we now know that crocodiles possess an extremely (2) form ofhaemoglobin – the substance carries oxygen in the blood As a result, this has a direct (3) _ on thelength of time they can hold their breath and consequently their ability (4) _ underwater for (5) _ This is very important because they drown their victims by holding them underwater

When crocodiles hold their breath, their bodies produce a chemical signal which makes theirhaemoglobin give up more of its oxygen than (6) _ Crocodiles can then use that oxygen withoutany (7) to breathe in more air

Research workers (8) _ are trying to reproduce this haemoglobin molecule in (9) _blood Their work may eventually make it possible (10) underwater for much longer The(11) _ is that this unusual form of haemoglobin may not be the only explanation why crocodilescan stay underwater for so long (12) this, however, the research is of great (13) _ for thefuture and may even (14) scientists to produce artificial blood This is just another example ofthe way in which we can (15) _ our lives by studying animals

4 A to stay B for stying C of stying D stay

5 A a long time B long times C long time D some long times

8 A nowadays B in nowadays C on nowadays D at nowadays

10 A for someone swimming B that someone can swim

C that someone will swim D for someone to swim

II.Choose the one word or phrase – A, B, C or D – that best completes the sentences.

1 Many plant and animal species around the globe are now threatened extinction

4 Many species are threatened in the wild due to habitat _ by man

A construction B consevation C destruction D preservation

5 Many plant and animal species are now on the of extinction

6 Governments have laws to protect wildlife from overhunting

7 The biggest _ to gorillas comes from humans

8 While feeding, the birds are to predators

A popular B dangerous C vulnerable D protective

9 The forest provides a(n) for hundreds of species of plants and animals

A ecosystem B biodiversity C environment D habitat

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10 Different _ efforts have been made in order to save endangered species

A conserving B conserved C conservation D conservative

11 I can’t find my purse anywhere; I _ it at the office

A must leave B must have left C must be leave D must have been leaving

12 As I won’t be at home tonight I my homework during my lunchbreak

13 We _ finish the football match before it started snowing too heavily

14 The air in the country is not as pure as it

A might be B used to be C would be D must be

15 The first question must _ before you attempt the others

A answer B to answer C be answered D have answered

16 I couldn’t wait for you any longer I , and so I went

A must go B must have gone C had to go D need go

17 He had to pay a fine, _ ?

A hadn’t he B doesn’t he C didn’t he D mustn’t he

18 Passengers _ smoke until the signs have been switched off

19 There are a lot of tickets left, so you _ pay for the tickets in advance

20 We need hardly out there is a water shortage at the moment

21 You _ put anything on the shelves until the glue has set hard

A couldn’t B mustn’t C don’t have to D needn’t

22 We go into details now, but we seem to agree on the general principles

23 Malcolm isn’t in his office He _ at home today

A may works B may have worked C may be worked D may be working

24 I’m not enjoying this holidays at all – Well, in that case we go home

A can as good B may so well C might as well D could so good

25 This film seems familiar – It seems familiar to me, too.We it before

A might see B might be seeing C might be seen D might have seen

* Use must not or need not to fill the spaces in the following sentences.

26 You ring the bell; I have a key

27 We _ drive fast; we have plenty of time

28 We _ drive fast; there is a speed limit here

29 Candidates _ bring books into examination room

30 You _ write to him for he will be here tomorrow

31 We make any noise or we’ll wake the baby

32 You _ do all the exercises Ten sentences will be enough

33 I want this letter typed but you _ do it today Tomorrow will do

34 You take anything out of a shop without paying for it

35 You carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it

36 There are many reasons why a particular species can become endangered

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39 Endangerment is a broad issue, one that involves the habitats and environments where

41 plant / animal / species / foundation / healthy / ecosystems//

A Plant and animal species are the foundation of healthy ecosystems

B Plants and animals species are a foundation of healthy ecosystems

C Plant and animal species are foundation of the healthy ecosystems

D Plants and animals species are the foundation of healthy ecosystems

42 pollution/coast of Florida/ kill/ coral reefs/ serve/ habitat/ hundreds of species of fish.

A Pollution off the coast of Florida kills the coral reefs served as habitat for hundreds

43 trade / animal parts / many species / continue / suffer / high rate of exploitation//

A In spite of the trade in animal parts, many species continue suffering high rates of

44 endangered species / protect and save / future generations / experience / their

presence and value//

A Endangered species should be protected and saved; therefore, future generations can experience their presence and value

B Endangered species could be protected and saved; as a result, future generations can experience their presence and value

C Endangered species have to be protected and saved since future generations can experience their presence and value

D Endangered species must be protected and saved so that future generations can experience their presence and value

45 You’d better _ those glasses carefully if you want them to arrive intact.

46 He’d rather at home and play video games, ?

A hadn’t he B didn’t he C wouldn’t he D won’t he

47 I would rather you just at the moment

A don’t leave B didn’t leave C haven’t left D not leave

48 Secondary school students nowadays _ wear a uniform

49.You _ a hard life when you were a child

A must have B had to C were to have D must have had

50 John wasn’t at home when I went round He out unexpectedly

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A must go B must be going C must have gone D must have had to go

MODAL VERBS IN PASSIVE VOICE

1 Present / Future Modals : Công thức : Modal + be + V3/ed …

Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to, used to, is going to +

be + V3/ed …

2 Past Modals Công thức : Modal + have been + V3/ed …

The secretary Should have have typed this report yesterday (…đáng lẽ đã …)

 This report should have been typed by the secretary yesterday (…đáng lẽ đã được …)

She ought to / must have typed the letter before (…hẳn đã …)

 The letter ought to / must have been typed before (… hẳn đã được …)

That firm may / might have offered Katya a new job (…có thể đã …)

 Katya may / might have been offered a new job by that firm (…có thể đã được …)

Exercise 1 Complete the following sentences

1 A mystery is something that (cannot / explain)

2 It’s raining heavily The match (must / cancel) _

3.The television (should / repair) _ It’s not working now

4 In the middle of the village there is a church which (restore) _ at the moment The work is almost finished

5 If I didn’t do my job properly, I (would / sack) _

6 A: I left a newspaper on the desk last night and it isn’t there now

B: It (might / throw) away

7 I learnt to swim when I was very young I (teach) _ by my mother

8 Jack has a right to know He ought to tell / be told the news immediately.

9 I don’t know why Jessica wasn’t at the meeting She must have …… about it

A forgotten B been forgotten C remembered D been remembered

10 The ancient ruins may have …… as early as 1792

A discovered B been discovered C had discovered D had been discovered

11 We shouldn’t have ……by the police I’m sure I wasn’t speeding

12 Sharon will invite Thomas to the party  (passive):………

Exercise 2 Put the verb into the correct form, active or passive.

Example: This house is quite old It (build) over 100 years ago

This house is quite old It was built over 100 years ago.

1 My grandfather was a builder He (build) this house many years ago

2 “Is your car still for sale?” “No, I (sell) it already.”

3 A: Is the house at the end of the street still for sale?

B: No, it (sell) already

4 My bag has disappeared It (must / steal)

5 I can’t find my hat Somebody (must / take) it by mistake

6 It’s a serious problem I don’t know how it (can / solve) _

7 Nearly every time I travel by plane, my flight (delay) _

8 A new bridge (build) across the river now The work (start) last year

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9 Jane’s strange idea astonished everybody  _

10 They are going to celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary in Hue

 _

Exercise 3 Tick the correct sentence in each of the groups of sentences below.

1 A This is too big house for my family

B This house is too big for our family

C This house is too much big for our family

2 A I couldn’t give my friend a lift because my brother had borrowed my car

B I shouldn’t give my friend a lift because my brother had borrowed my car

C I mustn’t give my friend a lift because my brother had borrowed my car

3 A When the food had been ready, we ate it

B When the food was ready, we ate it

C When the food was ready, we had eaten it

4 A My grandmother has had her dining room painted bright green

B My grandmother has done her dining room painted bright green

C My grandmother has made her dining room painted bright green

5 A Will you come to my house after you’ll finish your homework?

B Will you come to my house after you finished your homework?

C Will you come to my house after you finish your homework?

Exercise 4 Use the given words in their appropriate form to write complete sentences.

Do some alteration or addition when necessary.

Example: You should / remember / lock / car door / before leaving

You should remember to lock the car door before leaving.

1 She /used / play / football / friends / when / small………

2 It / take / them / years / build / house………

3 The accident / happen / while / he / drive / highway………

4 When / I / see / her / talking / teacher………

5 You / hear / news / radio / this morning?

6 She / always / good terms / her neighbors………

7 We / not know / when / manager / returns………

8 Doctor / whom / see / party / my friends………

9 The train / arrive / Hanoi / in two hours………

10 When / you / start / learn / English?

Exercise 5 Put the following into the passive voice Do not mention the agent unless

it seems necessary.

1 You can’t wash this dress; you must dry-clean it

2 You should open the wine about three hours before you use it

3 Members may keep books for three weeks

4 Men used to do these calculations; now a computer does them

5 Passengers shouldn’t throw away their tickets

6 We shall have to tow the car to the garage

7 Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom

8 You should give these books back to the library

9 We cannot exchange articles

10 You mustn’t move this man; he is too ill

11 When they have widened this street, the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake all night

12 They ought to report the accident to the police

Exercise 6 Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.

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1 It was such a great book that I couldn’t put it

2 She’s busy writing a book _ astrology

3 The novel was set a small village in France

4 Books that give fact about real events, things or people are called

5 Fiction is a type of literature that describes people and events

6 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States

A was elected B who elected C to be elected D to elect as

7 Since the 1930’s, chemical insecticides such as D.D.T _ very effective in destroying carrying insects

A proved B was proved C has proved D have proved

8 I shouldn’t so much coffee last night I was wide awake till four in the morning

9 I didn’t see anyone but I felt as though I _

A have been watched B was being watched C be watched D am watched

10 This popular TV game show by about 10 million people every Saturday evening

A has been watching B is watching C watches D is watched

11.When you are on duty, your uniform must at all times

12 The crew of the tanker were fortunate _ just minute before it sank in heavy seas

A rescuing B to rescue C to have rescue D to have been rescued

13 While the builders were repairing the roof they _ the bathroom window

14 My computer is broken – Really? Why don’t you have it ?

A repair B repairing C repaired D for repairing

15 Oh! Look at that beautiful vase on the floor How did it _?

16 According many critics, Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn is his greatest work

23 A conlusion B measure C resources D usually

26 A amazing B fascinating C incredible D romance

28 A reunite B recommend C understand D wilderness

29 A imaginary B personality C scientific D entertainment

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30 A knowledge B pleasure C character D biography

31 Professor Moore recommended the book all his students

32 I’m really fond reading detective stories by Agatha Christie

35 I cannot bear the noise of my brother’s radio; it me from reading my book

A disturbs B perturbs C interrupts D distracts

36 A(n) _ is a book that someone writes about their own life

A biography B autobiography C romance D historical novel

37 Some people have the ability to _ a page, which means to read it very quickly, just taking in the main points

38 If I come to a boring bit in a book, I just _ a few pages till the real story starts again

39 I will show you around the city when you to visit me

A come B are coming C will come D will be coming

40 In spite of her protests, her father made her for the race three hours a day

TEST YOURSELF

6 A unconcerned B popularity C represent D endangerment

7 A vulnerable B priority C commercial D endangerment

8 A aborigines B personality C agriculture D governmental

9 A temperature B individual C sociable D teritory

10 A scientific B fascinating C confident D habitat

11 Human depend _ species diversity to provide food, clean air and water

12 Wildlife groups are protesting the proposal to dam the river

13 Many young people travel all over the world, and do all kinds of jobs before they _

A lie down B touch down C settle down D put down

14 Since 1950, the world _ nearly one-fifth of the soil from its agricultural land and one-fifth

of its tropical forests

A has lost B lost C was losing D had been lost

15 Normally he is rather _ but sometimes he talks freely about himself

16 He _ a policeman; He’s much too short

A can’t be B mustn’t be C shouldn’t be D mightn’t be

17 The construction of new road is winning the support of local residents

A thanks to B reliant on C responsible to D dependent on

18 I am a(n) reader of science fiction novels

19 Despite playing under strenght, the home team _ beat the rivals

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A could B were able to C couldn’t D weren’t able to

20 Jean has a very easy-going , which is why she is so popular

A role B characteristic C personality D reputation

21 While southern California is densely populated, _ live in the northern part

A a number people B many people C few people D a few of people

22 The wind is blowing so hard We such a terrible storm

A have never known B had never known

23 I truly appreciated to give the commencement address, but I wasn’t able to accept the honor because of a previous commitment

A to ask B asking C to have asked D having been asked

24 You mustn’t forgot _ your compositions tomorrow morning

A turn in B to turn in C turning in D turned in

25 Your resume shows you have _ a great deal in your last position

A accomplish B accomplishment C accomplished D accomplishing

26 The country would now be self-sufficient in food the drough last year

A because of B but for C apart from D besides

27 The taxi arrive at nine, but it didn’t turn up

28 The new factory on time as the profitability of the company depends on it

A need be finished B might be finished

C must be finished D could be finished

29 If I _ the chance, I would have trained to be a doctor

A would have had B would have C had had D had

30 A thorough of local customs and etiquette can be vital to a buainessman

A pleasure B knowledge C ability D understand

31 The number of students who came up with some answer or other _ small

32.Only when we heard the good news of Patrick relieved

A we felt B that we felt C had we felt D did we feel

33 To learn is one thing, to teach is

A another B other thing C the other D another one

34 We talked about books Charles had just finished _ last volume of Proust

35 The car he lent me badly needed

36 Unlike many writings of her time, she was not preoccupied with morality

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TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

Ngoại động từ (cần có tân ngữ) và nội động từ (không cần tân ngữ)

1 Transitive verbs.

Một số động từ thường được theo sau bởi danh từ/đại từ đóng vai trò tân ngữ trực tiếp (túc từ) Những động từ này gọi là NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ.

Ví dụ: Let’s invite Sally and Bruce.(Không thể nói: Let’s invite.)

the letter

a mousethis painting

my bicycle

a librarythe match

2 Intransitive verbs.

Một số động từ khác không có tân ngữ trực tiếp, gọi là NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ.

Ví dụ: Sit down, please (Không thể nói: Sit that chair)

The little girl

Chỉ ngoại động từ mới có dạng bị động Còn các nội động từ không có dạng bị động.

Exercice 1 Find the verb in each of the following sentences and write T (transitive)

or I (intransitive) Change transitive sentences into passive voice.

Example: Mr West repeated his question ( T )

Smoke rises ( I )

1 The children divided the candy

2 A strange thing happened in the town yesterday

3 In 1908, the Model T Ford arrived on the market

4 The production of Model Ts eventually came to an end in 1927

5 Manchester United won the game last night

6 Our team won yesterday

7 I met Ba at the bus stop early un the morning

8 He drove the boat very fast

9 The children opened their books

10 We met a long time ago

11 Accidents like this happen all the time

12 T was standing only a feww feet away

13 We discovered this beach whole we were sailing around the island

14 A stone struck me on the head

15 The phone rang and broke my train of thought

16 All the windows broke with the force of the blast

17 She had to write a report on the project

18 He made a very remarkable discovery

19 We waited patiently at the station

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20 Shall I ever forget those happy days?

Exercise 2 Change the following sentences into passive if possible.

1 The chef will prepare the food

2 John is working at the bakery

3 Lightning didn’t cause the fire

4 We waliked downtown after work yesterday

5 Thousands of people ride the subway every day

6 The baby was crying in the room

7 Joe fell down on his way to school this morning

8 A special committee is going to settle the dispute

9 Our houseguests are going to arrive tomorrow afternoon

10 Our plan succeeded at last

11 Did the army surround the enemy?

12 What happened in class yesterday?

Exercise 3 Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the sentences.

1 The first water polo rules were set _ by William Wilson in 1867

4 Water polo was the first sport added to the Olympic program, in 1900

5 The runners broke into a _ a few hundred yards from the finish

6 He _ a second clear foul and was sent off

A combated B executed C performed D committed

7 England _ 2-2 with Germany in the first round

8 In water polo, no player except the _ can hold the ball with both gands

9 A player that has been three times must sit out the whole match with substitution

A eliminated B discharged C emitted D ejected

10 _ is a sport involving travel over water on a small 2-4.7 meter board powered by wind acting

on a single sail

A Sailing B Waterskiing C Windsurfing D Canoeing

11 “What did you do to your hand? “I _ when I was chopping vegetables”

12 An increase in the price of petrol would discourage _ my car

A using B me to use C from using D me from using

13 Johnson was arrested when he failed _ in court

A to appear B him to appear C his appearing D appearing

14 Everybody seems to feel tired of watching the same commercials on TV every night, _?

A doesn’t he B don’t they C does she D do they

15 The accident seems at around 1:00 p.m yesterday

A to happen B to be happened C to have happened D to have been happened

16 There is no need for you to help cook the meal Just sit down and enjoy

17 When I tried on my 3 white shirts, I found that not any of them fitted me any more