Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 26 ppt

m (a) Please be on time in rhefurure. @) I usually watchTV in the wning. (c) I was born in Ocwber. (d) I was born in 1985. (e) I was born in the nwntieth century. (f) The weather is hot in (the) summer. ON (g) I was born on October 31,1985. 01) I went to a movie on Thursday. (i) I have class on Thursday morninds). AT (j) We sleep at night. I was asleep at midnight. (k) I fell asleep at 9:30 (nine-thirty). (1) He's busy at present. Please caU again. *Possible in British English: infu~tv (7%~ bs on rb infunrn in + the past, the present, the futuref in + the morning, the afternoon, the evening fa month on + a date on + a weekday on + a weekday morning(s), afternoon(s), evenin&) at + m, night, midnight at + "clock time" at + present, the moment, the present time 0 EXERCISE 10. Prepositions of tlme. (Chart 6-5) Directions: Complete the sentences with in, at, or on. AU the sentences contain time expressions. 1. We don't know what will happen iy the future. 2. History is the study of events that occurred the past. 3. Newspapers report events that happen the present. ,p -e ,. ! 4. Last year I was a junior in high school. present, I am a senior in hi^,' !; i, . . iy < , 8; . ,, . . school. , . .I2 5. I am a student the present time, but I will graduate next month. 6. Ms. Walker can't come to the phone right now. She's in a meeting the moment. 7. I usually take a walk the morning before I go to work. I 8. Frank likes to take a nap the afternoon. 9. Our family enjoys spending time together the evening. 10. Our children always stay home night. 1 1. I ate lunch noon. 12. I got home midnight. 13. I moved to this city September. 14. I moved here 2001. 15. 1 moved here September 2001. 16. 1 moved here September 3. 17. I moved here September 3, 2001. NOUM and Pronouns 163 : 18. I moved here the fall. , 19. 1 work the morning. the afternoon, I have an English class. 20. Wednesday, I work all day. Thursday, I have an English class. 21. Thursday afternoon, I have an English class. 22. My plane was supposed to leave 7:07 P.M., but it didn't take off until 8:30. EXERCISE 11. Prepositions of time. (Chart 6-5) Directions: Supply the appropriate preposition and create a sentence. Example: the moment -+ at the moment W'w doing an exercise on prepositions at the moment. 1. the future 7. January 1, 1999 2. present 8. the twenty-first century 3. the winter 9. the evening 4. January 10. night 5. January 1 11. Saturday morning(s) 6. 1999 12. six o'clock the morning -6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME s v PLACE TIMB In a typical English sentence, "place" comes before "time," (a) Ann moved w Paris in 1998. as in (a). We went to a m&e yestmiay. INCORRECT: Ann mad in 1998 to Paris. s v o P T S-VOPT = Subject-Verb-Object-Place-Time (b) We bought a house in Miami in 1995. S-V-0-PT = a basic English sentence structure. SVPLACH Expressions of time can also come at the beginning of a (c) In 1998, Ann moved to Paris. sentence, as in (c) and (d). A time phrase at the beginning (d) Yesrerdny we went to a movie. I - of a sentence is often followed by a comma, as in (c). EXERCISE 12. Word order: place and time. (Chart 6-6) Diwctions: Create sentences from the given words. Add prepositions as necessary. Example: Bangkok 1 we 1 February 1 went + We wenr ro Bangkok in February. OR In February, we went to Bangkok. 1. his uncle's bakery /Alex / Saturday mornings / works 2. the evening I often take / the park / a walk / I 3. arrived / the morning / the airport / my plane / six-thirv 164 CHAPTER 6 SINGULAR SINGULAR (a) The sun shines. PLURAL PLURAL (b) Bids sing. SINGULAR SINGUIAR (c) My brother live8 in Jakarta. PLURhL PLURAL (d) My brother and sister liw in Jakarta (e) The gkrraeu over thae unda the windou by the sink are clean. (f) The -ation in those magazines aboutVietnamese cultu~ and customs is very interesting. v S (g) The is a book on the desk. v S 01) There are some books on the desk. (i) Eoory student is sitting down. (j) Ewrybody/Bveryone hopos for peace. (k) PBople in my counuy are friendly. A singular subject takes a singular verb, as in (a). A ~lural subject takes a ulural verb, as in (b). Notice: verb + -8 = singular (shines) noun + -s = plural (binis) Two subjects connected by and take a plural verb, as in (dl. , , > , . 3' - . ~. <. . Sometimes phrases come between a subject and a verb. These phrases do not a&ct the agreement of the subject and verb. mere + be + subjat expresses that something exists in a particular place. The verb agrees with the noun that follows be. Eoory is a singular word. It is used with a smgular, not plural, noun. INCORRBCT: 8ve7~, sdBnt3 . . . . Subjects with euey take singular verbs, as in (i) and (0. PBo* is a plural noun and takes a plural verb. EXERCISE 13. Subject-verb agreement. (Chart 6-7) Directions: Underline and identify the subject (8) and the verb (v). Correct errors in agreement. s v 1. -es occd every day of the year. . - 2. Candles bum slowly. ok (no error) 3. My mother speak Spanish. 4. My aunt and uncle speak Spanish. 5. Oscar speaks Spanish and English. 6. The students in this class speaks English very well. 7. Every students in my class speak English well. 8. There are five student from Korea in Mr. Brown's class. 9. There's a vacant aparnnent in my building. Nouns and Pronouns 165 10. Does people in the United States like Chinese food? , . . , ,.: . . . , , . ,.''i , . , e. 1: . 11. The people in Brazil speaks Portuguese. ,. .:. . . # 12. There is many diierent kinds of fish in the ocean. 13. The neighbors in the apartment next to mine is very friendly and helpful. 14. Every students in this room have a grammar book. AD] NOUN Words that describe nouns are called adjocziver. In (a): good is an adjective; it describes the book. 1 (el ROS- are beautiful^^^^^^. Adjectives are neither singular nor plural. They do NOT INCORRECT: Roses are beautifulsflowen. have a plural form. I (b) The tall woman wore a new dress. (c) The short woman wore an old dress. (d) ne young wmna,, wore a dress, We say that adjectives "modify" nouns. "Modify" means "change a Little." An adjective changes the meaning of a noun by giving more information about it. (g) Roses an beautiful. I Adjectives can also follow main verb be, as in (g) and (h). (h) His shirt was white. I EXERCISE 14. Adjectives. (Chart 6-8) Direcriom: Underline and identify the adjectives (ADJ) in the sentences. (f) He wore a white shirt. INCORRECT: He wore a shin white. ADJ 1. The students wrote compositions. Adjectives usually come immediately before nouns, as in (f). 2. Deserts are dry. 3. Crocodiles have big teeth. 4. Knives are sharp. 5. Dark places frighten small children. 6. The audience laughed at the funny joke. 7. Sensible people wear comfortable shoes. 8. Steve cleaned the shelves of the refrigerator with soapy water. 9. The local police searched the stolen car for illegal drugs. 10. Before the development of agriculture, primitive people gathered wild plants for food. 166 CHAPTER 6 EXERCISE 15. Using adjectives with nouns. (Chart 6-8) Directionr Add adjeaives to the sentences. Choose two of the three adjectives in each item to add to the given sentence. Example: hard, heavy, strong A man lifted the box. + A strong man lifred the heacy box. 1. beaunjiil, saji, red 2. dark, cold, dry 3. empty, em, hot 4. easy, blue, young 5. quiet, sharp, soft 6. fresh, clear, hungry 7. dirty, modern, delicious Roses are flowers. Rain fell from the clouds. The waiter poured coffee into my cup. The girl in the dress was looking for a telephone. Annie sleeps on a bed in a room. Mrs. Fox gave the children some fruit. After we finished our dinner, Frank helped me with the dishes. 8. mund, inexperienced, right When Tom was getting a haircut, the barber accidentallv .,>lZ ,,I 2, EXERCISE 16: ~djectives and nouns. (Chart 6-8) Directions: Don't look at the passage in Part 11 on the next page. Fit write the words asked for in Part I. Don't use the same word twice. Then turn the page and use the words to complete Part II. PART I. Write: 1. an adjective 01 A 2. a name 3. a plural noun 4. a plural noun 5. a singular noun 6. an adjective 7. an adjective 8. a preposition of place 9. an adjective 10. a plural noun Nouns and Pronouns 167 pm 11. Write the words on your list in the blanks. Some of your completions might be a little odd and funny. Read your completed passage aloud in a group or to the rest of the class. One day dan 01 A girl was walking in the city. Her name was 1 . She was carrying a package for her grandmother. It 2 contained some , some , and 3 4 alan , among other things. 5 As she was walking down the street, alan thief stole 6 her package. The girl pulled out her cell phone and called 7 the police, who caught the thief a nearby building and 8 renuned her package to her. She took it immediately to her 9 grandmother, who was glad to get the package because she really needed some new EXERCISE 17. Using nouns as adjectives. (Chart 6-9) o . Direcnbns: Underline and identify the nouns (N). Use a noun in the first sentence as an adjective in the second sentence. (a) I have afl- garden. @) The shoe stow also sells socks. (c) INCORRECT: a&um garden (d) INCORRECT: the shou swrs N E( 1. This is about grammar. It's a qva~wav book* Somenmes words that are usually used as nouns are used as adjectives. For example,flower is usually a noun, but in (a) it is used as an adjective to modify garden. When a noun is used as an adjective, it is singular in form, NOT plural. 2. My garden has vegetables. It is a 3. The program is on television. It's e 4. The soup has beans. It is When one noun modifies another noun, the spoken stress is usually on the first noun: aammmar book. 168 CHAPlER 6 5. We made plans for our vacation. We made 6. I read a lot of articles in newspapers. I read a lot of 7. The factory makes automobiles. It's an I 8. The lesson concerned history. It was a 9. The villages are in the mountains. They are 10. Flags fly from poles. Many government buildings have EXERCISE 18. Using nouns as adjectives. (Chart 6-9) Direcriuns: Add -8 to the iralicized nouns if necessary. . I 5 1. Compute% cannot think. They need human operators. , 2. Computer operators are essential in today's business world. OK (no change) /$ 3. Airplane allow us to travel to all parts of the world. 'f. t 4. Airplane seats are narrow and uncomfortable. c: ,, , , , 5. This school has several language programs. ." ,A ?.f P. .~; 6. This school teaches several language. 7. Bicycle have two tires. Automobile have four tires. - < 8. Bicycle tires are considerably smaller and cheaper than automobile tires. ,. ., , EXERCISE 19. Revlew: nouns. (Charts 6-1 + 6-9) .,.J ~ Directions: These sentences contain many mistakes in noun usage. Make the nouns PLURAL whenever possible and appropriate. Do not change any other words. 5 1. BiirdAare interesting. : ./., , ' .,I /I/ 2. There are around 8,600 kind of bird in the world. . ,. i :., . 4,' . : 3. Bird hatch from egg. Baby bird stay in their nest for several week or month. Their parent ,,. _I, feed them until they can fly. . . ._ . . 4. People eat chicken egg. Some animal eat bird egg. , , 1: Nouns and Pronouns 169 . passage in Part 11 on the next page. Fit write the words asked for in Part I. Don't use the same word twice. Then turn the page and use the words to complete Part II. PART I. Write:. house in Miami in 1995. S-V-0-PT = a basic English sentence structure. SVPLACH Expressions of time can also come at the beginning of a (c) In 1998, Ann moved to Paris. sentence,. is many diierent kinds of fish in the ocean. 13. The neighbors in the apartment next to mine is very friendly and helpful. 14. Every students in this room have a grammar book. AD] NOUN