EXERCISE 27. Written: adjective clauses. (Chapter 12) Direeuons: Complete the sentences with your own words. 1. My friend told me about a man who . . . . 7. The people whose . . . . 2. I have a friend whose . . . . 8. Do you know the woman that . . . ? 3. 1 returned the book that . . . . 9. The book I. . . . 4. The person who . . . . 10. The person to whom. . . . 5. The people I . . . . 11. OneoftheplacesI. 6. The movie we . . . . 12. Some of the things I . . . . EXERCISE 28. Error analysis: adjective clauses. (Chapter 12) Directions: Correct the mistakes. 1. The book that I bought if at the bookstore was very expensive. 2. The woman was nice that I met yesterday. 3. The people which live next to me are friendly. 4. I met a woman who her husband is a famous lawyer. 5. Do you know the people who lives in that house? 6. The professor teaches Chemistry 101 is very good. 7. 1 wrote a thank-you note to the people who I visited their house onThanksgiving Day. 8. The people who I met them at the party last night were interesting. 9. I enjoyed the music that we listened to it. 10. The man was very angry who's bicycle was stolen. 11. A clock is an instrument measures time. 12. The apple tree is producing hit that we planted it last year. 13. Before I came here, I don't have the opportunity to speak to people who their native tongue is English. 14. One of the thing I need to get a new alarm clock. 366 CHAPTER 12 15. The people who was waiting in line for tickets to the game they were happy and excited because their team had made it to the championship series. . , ~AEKC~I~E 29. Adjective clauses. (Chapter 12) Directions: Discuss one or more of the following topics in groups or as a class. Practice -':;q using adjective clauses in your sentences as much as possible (but not every sentence ':.?<, m 1.'. '+ needs to have an adjective clause). . ,. . Example: SPEAKER A: What are the qualities of a friend? SPEAKER B: A friend is someone you can depend on in times of wuble. SPEAKER C: A friend is a person who accepts you as you are. SPEAKER D: Friends don't talk about you behind your back. SPEAKER E: I agree. A friend is someone you can trust with secrets. SPEAKER F: E~c. 1. What is your idea of the ideal roommate? (Suggested beginning: An ideal roommate is someone who . . . . 2. What kind of people make good leaders? ., ,. . . (Good leaders are people who . . . . ) :: , . I?, .kc<' ~L , ' 1 '*; "., 41 . "' , . 3: What are the qualities of a good neighbor? ,' <.:$& (A pod neighbor ti a person who . . . . ) 4. What kind of people make good parents? (People who . . . . ) 5. What is your idea of the ideal classroom? (Students need a classroom that . . . . ) 6. What are the qualities of a good boss and a bad boss? (A good boss ti someone who . . . , but a bad boss . . . . ) EXERCISE 30. Adjective clauses. (Chapter 12) Direchns: Write a few sentences on one (or more) of the topics in Exercise 29 andlor the following topics. Practice using adjective clauses in some of your sentences. Addirional topiw: 1. The qualities of the ideal wifehusband. 2. The qualities of the ideal apartment. 3. The qualities of a good student. 4. The qualities of a good teacher. 5. The qualities of a good novel. Adjective Clauses 367 - CHAPTER 13 4 Gerunds and Infinitives ~ - CONTENTS 13-1 Vcrb - gerund 13-2 Go + -ing -3 Verb + infinitive 13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive 13-5 Preposition + gerund 13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done 13-7 Using gerunds as subjects: using it + infinitive 3 It + infinitive: using for (someone) 13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for 13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough 1 13-1 VERB + GERUND verb gerund I I enjoy walking in the park. I COMMON VERBS POUOWBD BY GERUNDS &W @) I enjoy working in my garden. finish (c) Ann finished studying at midnight. 89 (d) It stopped raining a few minutes ago. quiz (e) David quit smoking. mind (f) Would you mind opening the window? ~~ne (g) I postponed doing my homework. put off 01) Iput ddoing my homework. keep (on) (i) Keep (on) working. Don't stop. consider (j) I'm considering going to Hawaii. think about (k) I'm thinking about going to Hawaii. discuss (1) They discussed getting a new car. tolk about (m) They talked about getting a new car. (n) I c-dered not going to class. A gerund is the -in# form of a verb. It is used as a noun. In (a): wdking is a gerund. It is used as the object of the verb eniw. The verbs in the list are followed by gerunds. The list also contains phrasal verbs (e.g., put off) that are followed by gerunds. The verbs in the list are NOT followed by to + the simple form of a wb (an infinitive). INCORRECT: I enjiy 20 walk in the park. INCOR~T: Bob finished w study. INCORRECT: I'm thinking w go w Hawaii. See Chart 2-5, p. 29, for the spelling of -ing verb forms. Negative form: not + gerund EXERCISE 1. Verb + gerund. (Chart 13-1) Directions: Complete the sentences by using gerunds. Add a preposition after the gerund it necessary. 1. It was cold and rainy yesterday, so we postponed qoiw to / visifiw the zoo. 2. The Porters' house is too small. They're considering thto /VCR~W a bigger house. 3. We discussed Colorado for our vacation. 4. When Martha finished the floor, she dusted the furniture. 5. Sometimes students put off their homework. 6. We had a blizzard yesterday, but it fmally stopped around 10:00 P.M. 7. Iquit comic books when I was twelve years old. 8. I'm thinking about a biology course next semester. 9. Beth doesn't like her job. She's talking about a different job. 10. I enjoy sports. 1 1. I'm considering NewYork City. 12. A: Are you listening to me? B: Yes. Keep . I'm listening. 13. A. Do you want to take a break? B: No. I'm not tired yet. Let's keep on for another hour or SO. 14. A: Would you mind the window? B: Not at all. I'd be glad to. 15. A: I'm thinking about not the meeting tomorrow. B: Really? Why? I hope you decide to go. We need your input. Gerunds and lnnnltlves 369 EXERCISE 2. Verb + gerund. (Chart 13-1) Directions: Complete the sentences in the dialogues. Use the expressions in the list or your own words. Be sure to use a gerund in each sentence. buy a new car Jrain do m~ homework read a good book do things repeat that get a Toyota smoke go to rhe zoo on Saturday tap your fingernails on the table help him try 1. A: Would you like to go for a walk? B: Has it stopped vai~i~q* ? A: Yes. B: Let's go. 2. A: I've been having a lot of trouble with my old Volkswagen the last couple of months. It's slowly falling apart. I'm thinking about B: Do you think you'll get anothervolkswagen? A: No. I'm considering 3. A: What do you usually do in your free time in the evening? B: I enjoy 4. A: Good news! I feel great. I don't cough any more, and I don't run out of breath when I walk up a hill. B: Oh? A: I quit B: That's wonderful! 5. A: I've been working on this math problem for the last half hour, and I still don't understand it. B: Well, don't give up. Keep . If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. The obien following atop is a gerund, NOT an infinirive. INCORRECT: It r-d w win. But in special circumstances, stop em be followed by an infinitive of purpose: in oh to (see Chart 13-9, p. 391). Wh5 I rwr uwlking dm the hall, I dmppPd wy pen. I stopped to Qick it up. = I sto-d walking in mdor to@'& iz up. 370 CHAPTER 13 6. A: Are you a procrastinator? B: A what? A: A procrastinator. That's someone who always postpones B: Oh. Well, sometimes I put off 7. A: What are you doing? B: I'm helping Teddy with his homework. A: When you finish , could you help me in the kitchen? B: Sure. 8. A: Could you please stop doing that? B: Doing what? A: Stop . It's driving me crazy! 9. A: Do you have any plans for this weekend? B: Henry and I talked about 10. A: I didn't understand what you said. Would you mind ? B: Of course not. I said, "Three free trees." EXERCISE 3. Verb + gerund. (Chart 13-1) Directions: Complete the sentences in Column A by using a verb from Column B and your own words. Use the verbs in Column B only once. Example: I often postpone + write + I often postpone writing thank you nores, and then I hawe to apologize for sending them late. Column A 1. I often postpone . . . . 2. 1 enjoy. . . . 3. I'm considering. . . . 4. Would you mind . . . . 5. I finished. . . . 6. I'll never stop . . . . 7. Do you ever think about . . . . 8. You should keep . . . . 9. Sometimes I put off. . . . Column B buy listen close love do make eat open exercise play finish take give go help learn leave teach try visit watch Jwrite Gerunds and lnflnltlves 371 1") u.u yuu gu muppmma ysarsluilyr w ~b ~uuuwcu oy a gerunu m cerraln iulomarlc (b) I wont swimming last week. expressions about activities. (c) Bob hasn't gonefishing in years. Notice: There is no to benueen go and the germ? I INCORRECT: Didyou go to rhoppiw? COWON EXPRESSIONS WITH GO + -ING go boating go dancing go jogging go (window) shopping go (watey) skiing go bowling go firhing go running go sightseeing go skydiving go camping go hiking go sailing go (ice) skating go swimming I EXERCISE 4. GO + -ING. (Chart 13-2) Directions: Answer the questions. Use the expressions with go + -ing listed in Chart 13-2. 1. Ann often goes to the beach. She spends hours in the water. What does she like to do? + She likes to go swimming. 2. Nancy and Frank like to spend the whole day on a lake with poles in their hands. What do they like to do? 3. Last summer Adam went to a national park. He slept in a tent and cooked his food over a fire. What did Adam do last summer? 4. Tim likes to go to stores and buy things. What does he like to do? 5. Laura takes good care of her health. She runs a couple of miles every day. What does Laura do every day? (NOTE: There are two possible responses.) 6. On weekends in the winter, Fred and Jean sometimes drive to a resort in the mountains. They like to race down the side of a mountain in the snow. What do they like to do? 372 CHAMER 13 . ideal wifehusband. 2. The qualities of the ideal apartment. 3. The qualities of a good student. 4. The qualities of a good teacher. 5. The qualities of a good novel. Adjective Clauses. on one (or more) of the topics in Exercise 29 andlor the following topics. Practice using adjective clauses in some of your sentences. Addirional topiw: 1. The qualities of the ideal wifehusband qualities of a good neighbor? ,' <.:$& (A pod neighbor ti a person who . . . . ) 4. What kind of people make good parents? (People who . . . . ) 5. What is your idea of the