Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 52 doc

0 EXERCISE 2. Adjective clauses with WHO and WHOM. (Charts 12-1 and 12-2) Directbas: Complete the sentences with who or wha. Put parentheses around the entire adjective clause. Identify the subject and verb of the adjective clause. 5 v 1. The children ( who live down the street in the yellow house) are always polite. 5 v 2. The children ( whow we watched in the park) were feeding ducks in a pond. 3. The people we visited gave us tea and a light snack. 4. I know some people live on a boat. !,I . . ., . . . l~li ,: . . '~.,i'i 5. I talked to the woman was sitting next to me. . ., , . 6. I saw the people were playing football at the park. 7. My mother is a person I admire tremendously. 8. Marie and Luis Escobar still keep in touch with many of the students they met in their English class five years ago. 9. People listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss. 10. At the supermarket yesterday, one of the store employees caught a man had put a beefsteak in his coat pocket and attempted to walk out without paying. 1 1. The couple I invited to dinner at my home were two hours late. I thought that was very rude. They didn't call. They didn't have an excuse. They didn't apologize. I'll never invite them again. Adjective Clauses 345 EXERCISE 3. Adjectlve clauses wlth WHO. (Charts 12-1 and 12-2) Directions: Insert who where it is necessary. who 1. The man A answered the phone was polite. 2. I liked the people sat next to us at the soccer game. 3. People paint houses for a living are called house painters. 4. I'm uncomfortable around married couples argue all the time. 5. Whiie I was waiting at the bus stop, I stood next to an elderly gentleman started a conversation with me about my educational plans. EXERCISE 4. Adjective clauses wlth WHO. (Charts 12-1 and 12-2) Directionc Complete the sentences in Column A with the adjective clauses in Column B. Consult your dictionary if necessary. Example: A Bostonian is someone . . . . ' ~, + A Bostonian is someone who liw in Boston !,, , , : '. % Column A Column B 1. A Bostonian is someone . . . . A. who has trouble sleeping. 2. A pilot is a person . . . . B. who seeks to overthrow the government. 3. A procrastinator is someone . . . . C. who flies an airplane. 4. A botanist is a scientist . . . . D. who studies weather phenomena. 5. An insomniac is somebody . . . . JE. who lives in Boston. 6. A revolutionary is someone . . . . E who hates people. 7. A misanthrope is a person . . . . G. who always puts off doing things. 8. A meteorologist is a person . . . . H. who knows a lot about a little and 9. A jack-of-all-trades is someone . . . . a little about a lot. 10. An expert can be defined as a I. who has many skills. person . . J. who studies plants. , , EXERCISE 5. Adjective clauses wlth WHO. (Charts 12-1 and 12-2) Directions: Complete the sentences with your own words. Consult your dictionary if necessary. 1. A baker is a person who . . . . makes bread, cakes,pies, etc. 2. A mechanic is someone who . . . . 3. A bartender is a person who . . . . 4. A philatelist is someone who . . . . 5. A spendthrift is somebody who . . . . 6. An astronomer is a scientist who . . . . 7. A carpenter is a person who . . . . 8. A miser is someone who . . . . 346 CHAPTER 12 12-3 USING WHU, WHU(M), ANU ].HA1 IN AUJCGIIVC I CLAUSES (a) The man is friendly. 8 v @) The man who lives next to me is friendly. (c) The man that liw next w me is friendly. S v (d) The man was friendly. I met 0 S v (e) The man who(m) I met was friendly. (f) The man that I met was friendly. (g) The man 0 I met was friendly. of an adjective clause. (b) and (c) have the same meaning. A subject pronoun cannot be omitted: INCORRECT: The man lives next to me isjGndly. CORRECT: The man wholthat lives next w me i.; friendly. In addition to who(m),* that can be used as the object in an adjective clause. (e) and (f) have the same meaning. An object pronoun can be omitted from an adjective clause. (e), (f), and (g) have the same meaning. In (g):The symbol "0" means "nothing goes here." *The pamtheses around the "m" in urho(m) indicate that (especially in everyday conversation) do is often used as an object pronoun instead of the more formal dm. EXERCISE 6. Adjective clauses with WHO, WHO(M), and THAT. (Chart 12-3) Directions: Complete the sentences using who, who(m), and that. Write 0 if the pronoun can be omitted. 1. The woman whofwd / ha+ / $ I met last night was interesting. 2. The man who / +ha+ answered the phone was polite. 3. The people Nadia is visiting live on Elm Street. 4. The students came to class late missed the quiz. 5. The man married my mother is now my stepfather. 6. Theman my mother married is now my stepfather. 7. Do you know the boy is talking to Anita? 8. I'M become good friends with several of the people I met in my English class last year. 9. The woman I saw in the park was feeding the pigeons. 10. The woman was feeding the pigeons had a sackful of bread crumbs. AdJectlve Clauses 347 2-4 USlNti WHICH ANIJ 1.HAl.IN AIJJEti~I~lVE CLAUSES (a) The river is polluted. flo; hub the town. which that s v (b) The river which flows through the town is polluted. (c) The river that flows through the town is polluted. (d) The books were expensive. I bought them. m which 0 SV 1 ,: I (e) The books which I boughf were expensive. (f) The books that I bought were expensive. (g) The books 0 I bought were expensive. Who and whmn refer to people. Which refers to things. That can refer to either people or things. In (a):To make an adjective clause, change it to which or that. It, which, and that all refer to a thing (the river). (b) and (c) have the same meaning. When which and that are used as the subject of an adjective clause, they CANNOT be omitted. INCORRBCT: The riwrflows through town is polluted. Which or that can be used as an object in an adjective clause, as in (e) and (f). An object pronoun can be omitted from an adjective clause, as in (g). (e), (f), and (g) have the same meaning. EXERCISE 7. Adjective clauses with WHO, WHO(M), WHICH, and THAT. (Charts 12-3 and 12-4) Directions: Combine the two sentences into one sentence. Make "b" an adjective clause. Give all the possible forms. 1. a. The pill made me sleepy. b. I took it. + The pill which I wok made me sleepy. + The pill that I wok made me sleepy. + The $4 0 I wok made me sleepy. 2. a. The soup was too salty. b. I had it for lunch. 3. a. I have a class. b. It begins at 8:00 A.M. 4. a. I know a man. b. He doesn't have to work for a living. 5. a. The information helped me a lot. b. I found it on the Internet. 6. a. The people waved at us. b. We saw them on the bridge. 7. a. My daughter asked me a question. b. I couldn't answer it. 348 CHAPTER 12 8. a. The woman predicted my future. b. She read my palm. 9. a. Where can I catch the bus? b. It goes downtown. 10. a. All of the people can come. b. I asked them to my party. EXERCISE 8. Adjective clauses wlth WHO and THAT. (Charts 12-3 and 12-4) Directions: Complete the definitions that begin in Column A with the information given in Column B. Use adjective clauses with who or that in the defmitions.* Consult your dictionary if necessary. Example: A hammer is a tool . . . . + A hammer is a tool that is used to pound nails. Column A 1. A hammer is a tool . . . . 2. A barometer is an instrument Column B A. She or he leaves society and lives completely alone. 3. Plastic is a synthetic material . . . . JB. It is used to pound nails. 4. An architect is someone . . . . C. It forms when water boils. 5. A puzzle is a problem . . . . 6. A vegetarian is a person . . . . D. It is square at the bottom and has four sides that come together in a 7. Steam is a gas . . . . point at the top. 8. A turtle is an animal . . . . E. He (or she) designs buildings. 9. A hermit is a person . . . . 10. A pyramid is a structure E It measures air pressure. G. It can be shaped and hardened to form many useful things. H. It is difficult to solve. I. He or she doesn't eat meat. J. It has a hard shell and can live in water or on land. "" ; ;, ?$ *NOTE: In usual Usage, one pattern is ofien favored over another. .q,; . , . - : (1) An aubiect pronouns: who is more commonly used rhan that (A doctor ir somone who takes care ofsick people); . ht is more commonly used rhan which (A pnd ir an imnumenr that ir used for wiring). '(2) Object pronouns are usually omitted. Adjective Clauses 349 EXERCISE 9. Adjective clauses. (Charts 12-1 - 12- 3) Directions: In groups or pairs, provide definitions for the words listed below. Consult your dictionaries if necessary. Example: A telephone directory is a book . . . . -t A relephone directory is a book that lists telephone numbers. 1. A dictionary is a book 2. A nurse is someone . . . . 3. Buds are creatures . . . . 4. A key is a piece of metal . . . . 5. A prisoner is a person . 6. A giraffe is an animal . . . . 7. Photographers are people . . . 8. A hero is a person . . . . 9. An adjective is a word . . . . 10. A friend is a person. . . . EXERCISE 10. Object pronouns In adjective clauses. (Charts 12-3 and 12-4) DirectMns: Cross out the incorrect pronouns in the adjective clauses. 1. The books I bought +em at the bookstore were expensive. <I 2. I like the shirt you wore it to class yesterday. 3. Amanda Jones is a person I would like you to meet her. 4. The apartment we wanted to rent it had two bedrooms. 5. My wife and I are really enjoying theTV set that we bought it for ourselves last week. 6. The woman you met her at Aunt Martha's house is a pharmacist. 7. Anna has a cat that it likes to catch buds. 8. The birds that Anna's cat catches them are very frightened. 9. Yesterday, Anna rescued a bird that the cat had brought it into the house. When she set it free, it flew away quickly. ,, i,, Y EXERCISE 1 1. Adjective clauses wlth WHO, WHO(M), WHICH, THAT, and 0. (Charts 12-3 and 12-4) Directions: Write the pronouns that can be used to connect the adjective clauses to the main clause: who, who(m), which, or that. Also write 0 if the pronoun can be omitted. m Example: The manager fired Tom is a difficult person to work for. I I ., :, 1. The box I mailed to my sister was heavy. .I m 2. The people sat in the stadium cheered for the home team. ;:\' . . , ~~ :& m 3. The calendar I 1 hangs in Paul's office has pictures of wildlife. j ' *,.*: :., ,. 4. The teenagers counted the money they earned at the car wash. , u 5. The people my brother called didn't answer their phone. ? -'?I+ > '- . . i,! hT. ,~ , ,, ,., . : . . , * :$ . ,.' ,I! , .\%, .>7,,.! ! . , ! .: , , 0 EXERCISE 12. Identifying adjective clauses. (Charts 12-3 and 12-4) Direceions: Underline the adjective clause. Circle the noun it modifies. 1. I lost thee 1 borrowed from mv r 8, . ,, ,", 1. .,,: .:/, oom. . . , ' . ., 2. The food we ate at the sidewalk cafe was delicious. .,!. ,s , , . , . $. . . 3. A storekeeper is a person who owns or operates a store. ,',. ; . 4. The bus I take to school every morning is usually very crowded. , :~i: 5. Pizza that is sold by the piece is a popular lunch in many cities and towns throughout the world. Adjecflve Clauses 351 . with many of the students they met in their English class five years ago. 9. People listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss. 10. At the supermarket yesterday, one of the. with several of the people I met in my English class last year. 9. The woman I saw in the park was feeding the pigeons. 10. The woman was feeding the pigeons had a sackful of bread crumbs one pattern is ofien favored over another. .q,; . , . - : (1) An aubiect pronouns: who is more commonly used rhan that (A doctor ir somone who takes care ofsick people);