Tài liệu tham khảo: Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Xây dựng

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines, since civil engineers of one form or another have been around ever since humans st

UBND THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HẢI PHÒNG

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO

TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH XÂY DỰNG

Chủ biên: Đoàn Văn Giao Đơn vị: Khoa Ngoại ngữ

Hải Phòng, năm 2019

LỜI CẢM ƠN

Tôi xin trân trọng cám ơn Ban Giám hiệu Trường Đại học Hải Phòng, Phòng Khoa học Công nghệ và Ban Chủ nhiệm Khoa Ngoại ngữ đã tạo điều kiện thuận lợi để tôi được nghiên cứu và hoàn thành nhiệm vụ khoa học của mình

Tôi cũng xin gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành tới các Giảng viên Tiếng Anh trong Khoa Ngoại ngữ Trường Đại học Hải Phòng đã động viên khích lệ tôi và có những ý kiến hữu ích về nội dung cuốn Tài liệu Tham khảo Tiếng Anh Chuyên ngành Xây dựng này

LỜI GIỚI THIỆU

Cuốn Tài liệu Tham khảo Tiếng Anh Chuyên ngành Xây dựng được biên soạn giành cho sinh viên ngành Xây dựng, Khoa Xây dựng, Trường Đại học Hải Phòng Mục tiêu của Tài liệu Tham khảo tập trung vào củng cố và mở rộng kiến thức chuyên ngành và ngôn ngữ trong Giáo trình Tiếng Anh Chuyên ngành Xây dựng sinh viên đang sử dụng, rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc và sử dụng từ, cấu tạo từ trong tiếng Anh, mở rộng vốn từ vựng chuyên ngành, giúp sinh viên học tốt hơn môn Tiếng Anh Chuyên ngành Xây dựng

Trong mỗi bài học, sau bài đọc liên quan đến các chủ đề về lĩnh vực Xây dựng mà sinh viên đã được học trong Giáo trình chính là phần chú giải nghĩa của những từ mới và các câu hỏi kiểm tra việc nắm được các thông tin trong bài đọc Tiếp theo câu hỏi kiểm tra

là những bài tập rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc như xác định thông tin đúng/sai, ghép thông tin, điền từ vào câu, điền từ vào bài đọc Kiến thức ngôn ngữ cơ bản cũng được củng cố và

mở rộng về các hình thái từ cùng gốc, tiền tố và hậu tố phổ biến trong việc tạo từ, và ngữ pháp cơ bản như câu bị động, mệnh đề quan hệ

Trong quá trình biên soạn, tác giả đã nhận được những ý kiến đóng góp quý báu từ các Thầy Cô giảng dạy chuyên ngành ở khoa Xây dựng và từ các Thầy Cô trong Khoa Ngoại ngữ về hệ thống những chủ đề phù hợp trong cuốn Tài liệu Tham khảo cũng như nội dung các bài học Tuy nhiên, vì cuốn sách được biên soạn lần đầu và hiểu biết của tác giả về chuyên ngành còn hạn chế nên không tránh khỏi khiếm khuyết trong việc thiết

kế nội dung các bài học Tác giả mong muốn nhận được những ý kiến xây dựng hữu ích

từ các chuyên gia, đồng nghiệp và sinh viên để cuốn sách được hoàn chỉnh hơn

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page Unit 1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

Unit 3 CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING 8

Unit 1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines, since civil engineers of one form or another have been around ever since humans started building major public works such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and large public buildings It is also an incredibly broad discipline, spanning treatment of environmental issues, transportation, power generation, and major structures To become a civil engineer, a person must typically study civil engineering at a university and then participate in field work for practical training Many nations also require that students pass a competency exam to ensure that they will be able

to design and build safe, stable structures

There are many branches of civil engineering, and a wide range of specialties Some engineers focus on conception and initial design of a project, analyzing the site, the needs, and the resources to come up with a workable project plan Others specialize in contracting, physically building the structure, managing the site crew, and handling materials and supply In other cases, civil engineers focus on maintenance of the project after it is completed, to make sure that it is safe and useful

Most people pick a focus while they are receiving an education Engineers who focus on transportation, for example, might choose to specialize in building bridges, tunnels, and roads Others might lean towards power generation facilities, water treatment, waste management, construction of light railways and subways, or other disciplines In all cases, extensive training is undertaken so that the prospective civil engineer understands his or her chosen field in depth Behind every major public works is a team of civil engineers One of the primary concerns of civil engineering is public safety and health A value is also placed on building structures that are functional, efficient, and also aesthetically pleasing Structural soundness, conformity with local codes, and functionality are all issues which are faced in the discipline Some civil engineers work directly for the public

in the form of government agencies, while others find employment with public firms Education does not end with a degree and a course of fieldwork with trained and experienced civil engineers Continuing education is also an important part of this discipline As advances are made in the field, engineers are expected to keep pace with them, especially when the advances improve safety for workers and the public There are many trade journals and annual conferences in the field to keep engineers updated

Vocabulary

advance (n) sự tiến bộ

aesthetically (adv) có tính mỹ thuật

analyze (v) phân tích

conception (n) khái niệm

concern (n) sự quan tâm

efficient (adj) hiệu quả

fieldwork (n) công tác thực địa

functional (adj) thực hiện đúng chức năng, hữu dụng

functionality (n) chức năng

generation (n) sự tạo ra, phát ra

handle (v) giải quyết, xử lý

incredibly (adv) đáng kinh ngạc

1 Why can we say civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines?

2 What must a person do to become a civil engineer?

3 What may civil engineers focus on?

4 What may engineers who focus on transportation choose to specialize in?

5 Who do civil engineers work for?

6 Do civil engineers need to continue their study after a degree and a course of fieldwork? Why?

True or False?

1 ………… Civil engineering has a long history

2 ………… Civil engineering covers a wide range of specialties

3 ………… Civil engineers focus on building structures only

4 ………… Civil engineers have to consider a lot when building a structure

5 ………… Civil engineers do not need to continue education after college graduation

Word Formation

Noun Suffixes

Look at the text and find the noun form of the following verbs and adjectives

1 introduce (v) ………

2 build (v) ………

3 treat (v) ………

4 train (v) ………

5 competent (adj) ………

6 special (adj) ………

7 maintain (v) ………

8 educate (v) ………

9 transport (v) ………

10 generate (v) ………

11 manage (v) ………

12 construct (v) ………

13 deep (adj) ………

14 safe (adj) ………

15 sound (adj) ………

16 conform (v) ………

17 functional ………

18 govern (v) ………

19 employ (v) ………

20 work (v) ………

Gap Filling

Fill in each of the numbered gaps in the following passage with one correct word from the box

on who begins trained construction

because safely that built surrounding

Civil engineer training revolves around the design and (1)……… of numerous structures and systems A civil engineer is (2)……….in structural design, sewage

treatment, waste and pollution prevention as well as a variety of construction techniques

The foundation of civil engineer training (3)……… with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering For an engineer (4)……… has a formal education in another

engineering specialty, there are numerous classes and courses available that focus strictly

(5)……… the principles of civil engineering and bypass the fundamentals of

engineering in general

The purpose of a civil engineer is to assist in the creation of building and structures that

take into account the (6)……… environment The basic job function of a civil engineer is to ensure that a structure is soundly (7)……… and safe It is because of this important responsibility (8)……… civil engineer training is often rooted in

structural design Civil engineers must be able to analyze the design fundamentals of structures as well as the materials being used in construction to ensure that the structures

can operate (9)……… given their use and their surrounding environment

Anticipation for potential environmental risks such as hurricanes, tornadoes and

earthquakes is also a critical component of civil engineer training, (10)………

buildings and structures often must be designed to withstand the elements

Unit 2 WHAT CIVIL ENGINEERS DO

Civil engineers practice civil engineering, a branch of engineering, which focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of public works These professionals may be employed by municipalities or by private firms which have landed contracts to build such public works The qualifications to become a civil engineer vary by nation, but generally the position requires at least a four year degree, and in some cases formal certification will be needed as well before someone can advertise as a civil engineer

Civil engineering is one of the oldest and most extensive branches of engineering It focuses on aspects of public works like transportation, water treatment, government buildings, public facilities such as airports and train stations, and other large scale projects which benefit the public A civil engineer must be able to design safe structures which meet standard codes in the regions that they are being built in These structures must be designed with maintenance, efficiency, and other economic concerns in mind as well to ensure that they will endure through years of use

In terms of transportation, civil engineers build bridges, tunnels, freeway interchanges, and other structures which are designed to facilitate the smooth, even flow of traffic while allowing for expansion and higher use rates Water treatment includes sewage plants, delivery systems for fresh water, dams, and other facilities which handle both fresh and waste water, while government buildings run the gamut from police stations to city halls

A civil engineer might also work on projects like a city power plant or a major office building

Pay for civil engineers tend to be reasonably high, considering that these professionals are highly trained and very skilled Jobs in public service may not command as much pay, but they may come with benefits and prominent positions in the community, while private contractors can tempt civil engineers with very attractive benefits and compensation packages The position can also be dangerous, depending on how much time a civil engineer spends in the field, but it can also be very exciting, especially in regions which are integrating cutting edge technology and design techniques into their public works People who are interested in a career in civil engineering should plan on taking large amounts of math and science in high school, and they should pursue degrees in civil engineering in college For advanced positions and additional knowledge, graduate school

is strongly recommended

cutting edge (adj) hàng đầu

delivery (n) sự chuyển giao

endure (v) lâu bền

efficiency (n) hiệu quả

facilitate (v) tạo điều kiện thuận lợi

facility (n) phương tiện

1 What do civil engineers practice?

2 Who do civil engineers work for?

3 What qualifications does one need to become a civil engineer?

4 What does civil engineering focus on?

5 What structures must a civil engineer be able to design?

6 What do civil engineers build in terms of transportation?

7 What projects might civil engineers work on?

8 How is pay for civil engineers?

9 What are people who want to become civil engineers expected to do at high school and college?

True or False?

1 ………… The qualifications to become a civil engineer are the same in every country

2 A civil engineer must consider a lot of things when designing a structure

3 ………… Civil engineers build only buildings

4 ………… Civil engineers are generally well-paid

5 ………… It may not be safe to work as a civil engineer in the field

Grammar : Relative clauses to make definitions

Match the job titles in Column A with the tasks in Column B and make complete definition sentences using relative clauses

Example: 1 - c

A civil engineer is someone who designs and oversees the building of roads, bridges,

tunnels and other infrastructure

Or:

A civil engineer is someone whose task is to design and oversee the building of roads,

bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure

1 civil engineer a plan large building projects such as roads, bridges, or

factories

2 plumber b buildwallsusingbricks

3 electrician c oversee the activities at a construction site

4 bricklayer d repair and buildhouses

5 architect e design and oversee the building of roads, bridges, tunnels

and other infrastructure

6 painter f repair or fit electricalequipment

Unit 3 CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING

No matter where you may go in the world, it seems like construction is in process This is because construction is always necessary, whether it involves building new structures or additions to current ones A vital role in any type of construction is that of construction surveying, which can include many different job details These utilize many different skills and tools to determine a multitude of factors that will be involved prior to and during construction of many different structures

When building roads, bridges and highways, construction surveying initially requires the use of computers, calculators, and other tools to establish the major factors of the land’s surface that will be involved in the upcoming construction On a road being built on previously untouched land, for instance, a construction surveyor will need to determine how the land will need to be displaced in order to build the road in the way that it has been planned Any element in the construction zone and its surrounding areas must be taken into account relative to the future road, such as trees, water, hills, and more The surveyor must also prepare the people building the road for work involving the addition of drainage systems, sidewalks and other minor parts of the entire project

The calculations made when doing road construction surveying will determine the easiest way for a road construction crew to get their job done Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment is one of the primary modern tools that can be used to do this, by calculating the topography of the land and where equipment will be positioned and used for the quickest and easiest work possible Other tools of the trade in construction surveying are levels, maps, computers, and theodolites, the last of which are tools that measure all of the different slopes, angles, and deviations of the land that will be developed

The surveyor must then be involved in the process of marking the actual physical land with a predetermined system of stakes and markers, which will usually accompany a land survey map These will be used by the construction crew to build the structure as it has been planned by indicating the locations where specific work must be done Once it has been built, the road, bridge, or other entity is sometimes revisited by the construction surveying team for several reasons, including evaluation of the job, determination of the integrity of the structure, examination of the possibility of future work, and more

Building construction surveying involves many of the same aspects of work, except in relation to the construction of buildings, houses and other structures upon different types

of land The initial jobs for the building surveyor are similar to those of the road surveyor, and involve determining how the land must be manipulated by the construction crew to make way for the structure Building surveying also encompasses all parts of the structure

and their integrity including pipes, foundations, floors, columns, walls, and more, all of which must follow strict codes Rather than a survey map, building surveyors must utilize

a much more complex system of mapping the construction site for the workers that must

be easily understood by everyone involved

level (n) thước đo cao trình

manipulate (v) điều khiển

Global Positioning System Hệ thống định vi toàn cầu

initially (adv) ban đầu

integrity (n) tính toàn vẹn

multitude (n) vô số

prior (adj) trước

sidewalk (n) vỉa hè đi bộ

surrounding (adj) xung quanh

untouched (adj) chưa động đến

upcoming (adj) sắp tới

1 What does construction surveying determine?

2 What does a construction surveyor need to determine when building a road on

previously untouched land?

3 How does Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment help in doing road construction surveying?

4 List all the tools that construction surveyors use

5 What are theodolites used for?

6 What does building construction surveying involve?

7 What must building surveyors utilize?

True or False?

1 ………… Construction surveying is carried out before and during construction of

many different structures

2 ………… Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment can be used to determine the

best route when doing road construction surveying

3 ………… The construction surveying team do not need to revisit the structure when it

has been built

4 ………… Theodolites are used to measure all of the different slopes, angles, and

deviations of the land

5 ……… Building surveyors must utilize a very complex system of mapping the

construction site

Word Formation

Negative prefixes un- / in- /im- /il- /ir- and dis-

Example:

John and James are brothers John is reliable, you can trust him to do anything you ask

James, on the other hand, is unreliable, you cannot rely on him

By adding un to reliable we change the meaning of the word to not reliable

Dis- gives the adjective the opposite meaning: "I know you all agree with the plan, but I

still disagree."

Use un- prefix before words that start with a vowel or consonant

Use il- prefix before words that start with i: illegal

Use im- prefix before words that start with m or p: impossible

Use ir- prefix before words that start with r: irregular

Use in- prefix with words that start with consonants and vowels, but not i or u

Make the following adjectives negative by adding correct prefixes un- / in- /im- /il- /ir- or dis- :

even ……… capable ………

deniable ……… complete ………

expected ……… comprehensive ………

usual ……… convenient ………

able ……… effective ………

acceptable ……… confident ………

achievable ……… accurate ………

affordable ……… active ………

aware ……… literate ………

ambitious ……… legal ………

approved ……… logical ………

believable ……… patient ………

certain ……… perfect ………

bearable ……… permanent ………

common ……… replaceable ………

deniable ……… relevant ………

qualified ……… relative ………

natural ……… honest ………

pleasant ……… agreeable ………

real ……… connected ………

Gap Filling Fill in each of the numbered gaps in the text with one correct word from the box plane areas curvature features distance flat points known because relatively PLANE SURVEYING Plane surveying is a common method of calculating land composition and topography that involves considering a set expanse of land as a flat plane This kind of land surveying works best for small (1)………… of land, in large part because the Earth is not actually (2)………… A plane survey conducted over a vast expanse of land is likely to be inaccurate, because it is incapable of accounting for the natural (3)………… of the earth In plane surveying, the land being assessed is considered to be a flat (4)…………

Surveyors use a variety of tools to place (5)………… on that plane, known as the plane table They will then use principles of plane geometry, trigonometry, and algebra to calculate the relative (6)………… between points, the density of certain topographical (7)………… like mountains, and the depths of ravines and other land indentations Plane surveying can also be (8)………… as plane table surveying Most of the time, plane surveying is only appropriate for (9)………… small areas of land A neighborhood may be planned with plane surveying, for instance, but an entire city may not be able to be — at least not all at once In large part, this is (10)…………

plane surveying presupposes that the land as it can be seen is a flat plane

Unit 4 RAW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Raw materials for construction are used to make various structures, and each material offers different advantages and uses Brick is one of the common raw materials for construction, and it can be used for both houses and commercial buildings Many houses are made with a wood frame, because wood is resilient and holds up well against wind and weathering Larger buildings generally have a metal frame, and metal also can be used for accents or other structures While glass is commonly used for windows, it also can serve many other purposes in construction

Many structures use brick, which is one of the more versatile raw materials for construction Bricks are commonly made from compressing sand and clay pastes together and drying them to form hard blocks This material is hard, so it offers strong resistance against the weather and tends to be quite sturdy The brick aesthetic also is enjoyed by many people and may be used purely for visual appeal

Hard wood is often used as raw materials for construction because wood can bend a bit and is inexpensive After wood is cut, different layers of wood may be pressed or glued together to make larger boards and planks Wood easily can be cut down even more, making it simple to customize the size and shape of the wood This feature allows wood

to be used for nearly any size house frame and for accents

Wood generally does not work as well for large buildings, which may be too heavy for wood to support, so metal commonly is used with larger structures Like wood, metal can bend and tends to be strong and durable There are many types of metals used as raw materials for construction, including iron, steel, aluminum and tin The metals used must resist corrosion, or they will be susceptible to weathering Metal typically costs more than wood and is harder to form, so it is not as commonly used for smaller structures

Glass is rarely used to support any type of structure, but people tend to like windows in houses and buildings, so glass is a staple material In the smallest sense, glass may be used for windows on the side of a home, but many structures are covered entirely in glass supported by a wooden or metal frame Sunroofs or windows in the ceiling also tend to use glass, though plastic may be used instead

Vocabulary

accent (n) điểm nhấn

aesthetic (n) mỹ thuật

appeal (n) sức lôi cuốn

commercial (adj) thương mại

customize (v) tùy chỉnh

durable (adj) bền

plank (n) tấm, phiến

raw (adj) thô

resilient (adj) bật nảy, đàn hồi

staple (adj) chủ yếu

sunroof (n) mái lấy ánh sáng

sturdy (adj) chắc chắn

tin (n) thiếc

weathering (n) tác động phong hóa

Comprehension Questions

1 List all the raw materials for construction mentioned in the text

2 What is the advantage of wood as a raw construction material?

3 What is the advantage of brick as a raw construction material?

4 How are bricks commonly made?

5 What is the advantage of metal as a raw construction material?

6 What types of structure is glass used to make?

True or False?

1 ………… Each raw construction material offers different advantages and uses

2 ………… Brick is one of the more versatile raw materials for construction

3 ………… Hard wood is often used as raw materials for construction because wood can

support very heavy structures

4 ………… Metal is commonly used with large structures

5 ………… Glass is commonly used to support all types of structure

Grammar: Passive Voice (Subject + to be + Past Participle)

Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct passive form

The Hanoi-Haiphong Expressway is the first and the most modern expressway in the

northern Vietnam The project (1)……… (manage) by the China Road and Bridge Corporation It is the first and only expressway in Vietnam, which (2)……… (not / surround) by domestic buildings as both sides (3)……… (landscape) with parks, green belt and technical works for its operation The motorway (4)……… (design)

for vehicles travelling up to a speed of 120km/h while those designed for lesser speeds

(less than 60km/h) (5)……… (allow)

The new industrial zones along the region, especially along the Highway 5, have been the

driving force for the development A strong transport network (6)……… (find)

necessary in order to leverage the opportunities in the area To facilitate the same,

Highway 5 (7)……… (upgrade) from a dual-lane highway to four-to six-lane highway, according to the Road level 1 standard However, it (8)……… (overload)

from the past few years due to the development of industrial zones and living groups along the highway

The Hanoi-Haiphong motorway project (9)……… (include) in the development

strategy of Vietnam’s communications and transport The expressway network

(10)……… (design) to pass through the main economic regions in Northern

Vietnam to expedite and support the development of the localities in the area and the

neighboring provinces The building investment for the project (11)……… (set up)

in 2004 and in 2007, the minister of communications and transportation announced Vietnam Development Bank as the investor for the project The construction contract for

the project (12)……… (award) to SK C&C, the system integration subsidiary of

SK Group

Word Formation

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words

1 The construction industry includes jobs in carpentry, road construction,

bridge ……… , and home design

A develop B developing C developed D development

2 General contractors build buildings and roads for residential and ………

construction projects

A commerce B commercial C commercially D commercing

3 A general contractor is responsible for the ……… and oversight of plumbers,

painters, and electricians working on building sites

A organization B organize C organized D organizational

4 A construction worker must be ……… fit because he works long shifts that

require intense physical exertion

A physics B physical C physically D physician

5 Many construction workers are required to work in unfinished buildings at

extreme ………

A high B highly C height D heights

6 Construction workers are required to wear safety gear, including hard hats, gloves, and

eye ………

A protect B protecting C protective D protection

7 While civil and environmental engineers may be in charge of the final design of a project, construction engineers are responsible for the construction

site and the process of construction

A manage B manager C management D managing

8 Major construction projects have a impact on the environment and

are generally carefully regulated to minimize pollution and maximize safety

A signify B significant C significantly D significance

9 For projects that last for months or years, periodic site clean-up and the also fall within

the construction engineering team's area of

A responsible B responsibility C responsibly D irresponsibility

10 Once construction is under way, the site engineer inspects the work to be sure it is in

compliance with the ……… plan

A original B originally C origin D originate