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CTPyKTMBHble MOACAM IIpeAMeTa MOryT 06-

Trang 11

Heo6XOAMMO TOAbKO IOMHWTb, WTO TO4- HBIỮ DHCYHOK HỆ AOA3X€H BBITASA€Tb KAK

yepTex, ©TO HCHOAH€HH€ AWIIIb MOAYMHEHO OCHOBHBIM 3aKOHOMepHOCTAM NepcneKTUB- HOLO MOCTpoeHMA M ACHOTO MpeactaBae-

HMA O HDOCTDAHCTB€HHBIX oco6eHHocTAXx

(ĐOPMbI ID€AM€Ta, — p€HIAIOHY1O 3K€ DOAb B DHCYHK€ MTPAT ôATYPHO 3HAHHâằ, MCKyC-

CTBO XYAO)KHHWH€CKH DACHO3HABATb, «BH-

A€Tb HATYDY»

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BHA€AM CÊKDET XODOIUWX («IDABMAbHBIX», ‹«KDACWBbIX») IDOIOPIIMĂI B WACAOBOĂI CODA3-

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B arom CAya€ KaDAHAAII A€PXKAT HAAb- liAMW B TODW3OHTAAbHO BBITđHYTỌ DyK€ M€XAAY TAA30M Mi HATYpOl B HOAOXK€HMM, CTPOTO I€PI€HAWKYAäDHOM TAABHOMY AyY 3p€HWA ÏÏepeM€HIA4 KaDAHAAII BAOAb OC©ÍL 1 AWHHĂI (}ODMBI, OTM€4AIOT HWCKOMBI€ B€AM- WWHEI, «3AC€Ka#» 1X Hà CTBOA€ KADAHAaIa

'HOITeM ỐOAbIIIOTO IAAbl1a C MOMOLIbIO KapaH-

A2HIA YTOWHSIOT CT€II€Hb HAKAOHA OCefi OD~ MBI Mi MGCTO TOW€K CXOAA Hà AHHHH TODW3OH- Ta TIPW 30ỐpAXX€HMW IDOTOPIIAB HDEAMeTä

B llepclleKTMBHOM CoKpamenun* OcobeHHo-

CTM 3pUTeAbHOTO BOCIPMATUA NPOABAMIOTCA 1í B TâK HA3BIBAeMOlI AeIIK€ (ÙODMBI IDEAMe- Ta TOHOM: OObeMbI B AMHeMHO-KOHCTpyKTMB-

* Kupuep 10 M Pucywox wxusoruics — ML, 1992, —

Trang 12

HOM MOCTPOeHUM BOCIpMHMMaloTCA KpymHee,

“em O6beMbI TOHAADHOrO pelleHua BMecte

€ TeM, HAa4MHaIOHI€MY DWCOBAAbHIZKY H€AO- CTATOWHO HIOAb30BATbCfđ TOAbKO AWIHb M€Xâ~ Hi14€CKHM CHIOCOỐOM OID€A€A€HMS IDOTOD-

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A#IOIIWMH TIpO€CCMOHAAbHOĂI HOATOTOBKM XYAOKHUKa

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TlebBà KapTMHA COCTOZAA M3 OAHOM-eAMH-

CTBeHHOM AMHMM, KOTOpad OKpy>KaAa TeHb '€AOB©KA, OTỐPOIII€HHYIO COAHII€M Ha CTeHy

Aeonapoo 0a Bunuu

AMHMA M TOH — rAaBHbIe 13OỐPA3MT€AbHBI€

CP€ACTBA DHCyHKa

TĨOHSTM€ «I1AACTW€CKa# BBIDA3T€AbHOCTb

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T€DHOCTbIO AHHHM, CHIOCOỐHOCTbIO TAA3a HII1-

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CTBeHHad TeHb, pecpAeKc Mi MaAaloujad TeHb —

ToHaabHaa pacmaucka Uu BapuaHmol UMmpuxoBKU

Trang 13

TIpMAaloT DMCYHKY H€ TOAbKO TOWHOCTb MO- A€AMPOBKHM (ODMEI, HO Mi CO3AAIOT TOHKHĂI

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Boro pellieHua pucyuka He caeayeT 3a6bIBaTb

0 TOHAABHOM Macrae, mpeaompeAeasoujeM 'BCIO TâMMY TOHAAbHbIX OTT€HKOB Hi IX «DACTZDK- Ky» Ip AeIK€ ODMbI M©)XAY TDAHWWAIIWMM CB€TOT€H€BBbIMW 3OHAMM, B ID€A©AaAX KOTOPBIX ĐAaCHOAATaIOTC1 HDOM€XYTOWHbI© TOHA IIDM TIOMOIII CBOICTB€HHbIX IID€AM€TY CB€TOT€H€- BbIX TDAAAIHMI Ha OỐb€M© OIIBITHBI PUCOBaAb- 1K BBIXBAS€T HAMỐOA€€ XâDAKT€PHbI OCO-

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OCB€II€HIMZI IID€AM€TA OT OCB€HI€HHbIX ywaCT-

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TIaAA€T CB€T ÏÏD€AM€TbI C DOBHỌI M M5TKOI,

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HH TDAHSMI HAOCKOCTW, TD€ỐYIOT MWTKOTO cBeToTeHeBoro pettlienus, 6e3 pesKux IIeDeria-

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CpaBHWBa% CB€TAOTHbI€ OTHOII€HWS HO~

'B€DXHOCT€ÍI T€OM€TpI4eCKOlí ĐODMEI, DHCO-

BaAbUIMK CTIpeMUTCA MepeAaTb Ha PUCyHKe TOAbKO WX OCHOBHI€ TDAAAHWM: CB€T, IOAY- 'TÊHb, TEHb COỐCTB€HHY!O M HAAAIOHIY1O T€Hb

Aenka TOHOM OCYHI€CTBAZ€TC1 TOAbKO HOCA€

'THỊAT€AbHOTO AWH€WHO-KOHCTDYKTMBHOTO IO- CTpO€HWZ ODMBI ID€AMTA

To OCOO€HHO BAXHO IDW BbUIBACHWU TO-

HOM (ÙOpMbi T€OM€TpIW€CKHX (MTYP: KyÕa,

KOHCa, I4AMHADA M IIADA”

Kupuep IO.M.PucyHokw3epormc — Mu, 1992 — C.37—4

Touaapnoe pemenue o6vema Ky6a:

Tlocmpoenue xy6a c y4emom

AunetiHol nepcnexmusot J — co6crBeHHan Texb; 2 — noayTou;

3 — pedaexc; 4 — cBeT; 5 — naAaiOmias TeHb

Trang 14

Tipu TOHOBOM MoAeAMpoBKe OpMbi KyÕa

YSMTbIBAIOT XaDAKT€P OCB€HI€HHZ M WHCTOW-

3i1K CB€TA, â TAK2K€ AH€ÏHO-KOHCTDYKTMB- #bi€ OCOỐ€HHOCTH COOTHOII€HWS HAOCKO- cre ĐOpMbI KyÕa

HaH€CeHWe TOHa Ha HAOCKOCTb KyÕa Ha- MHAIOT C T€H€BOH TDAHH, OT AWHMM COỐ-

CTB€HHỌI T€HW, A€TKOÍI HITDMXOBKOI ÏAaB-

14O€ — HAAHOM€DHO M TIOCTIICHHO ÿCMAWBATb T€Hb, 3AIOAHZ €IO BCIO HAOCKOCTb (ĐODMEI € TpaAaIIieli peỊAeKCOB, IDW 2TOM OTM€à BbiA€A€HI€ KDA€BOTO KOHTDACTA BbIXOAZ1III,

ØA2KHe€li K HaM (ĐODMPI ÏĨOCA€ 3TOTO Iepe-

XOAST K BBLIBA€HHIO HOAYTOHA, YHWTBIBA4

TPAHHLIbI OCB€HICHHbIX MU H€OCB€HICHHbIX

TpaHeli KyØa QHW AOA3KHbI HTATbCf W€TKO,

OCOỐ€HHO K B€DXH€MY TAY T€H€BOH IOB€DX- HOCTH, KOTODBI' HAXOAMWTCð ỐAM2K€ K MCTOM-

KV CB€TA TEH€BVIO TDAHb B HH)KH€M YTAy

vÕa OỐBIWHO BBICB€TAZIIOT, OỐO3HAWa# IpW

3TOM IIAAAIOHIMÍ OTDAX€HHBIĂ OT HID€A- 'M€THOH IAOCKOCTH CB€T (peƯAeK€) IĨaAaIo-

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TO OCHOBAHHZI KyÕA, IOCKOAbKY OAbHIe ÿAA-

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Aunetinoe nocmpoenue

TIAAAIOIIA TÊHb OỐbIHO «BO3AyHIH€€» COỐ- CTB€HHỌI TEHM KyÕa

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TID€A€A€HM4 Ha KyỐe [ÏpW ỐOKOBOM OCBe-

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a COOTHOMEeHMe CBeTa M TEHM, XapakTep Ha-

TIDABA€HHOCTM AWHMĂI IOCTpO€HH€ COố- 'CTB€HHỌI T€HI IIDGAM€TA 3ABIIC%T OT HATIDAB- AeHMA AYN€I CBTA, IaAAIOIIMX Hà ID€AMT,

1 OpMBI CaMOTO ID€AMe€TA KOHTPACT M€XX-

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BC€ YB€AWHWHBAIOHIIMCđ DâAMWYCOM KOHWW€-

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'CaMOTO OCB€IICHHOTO M€CTâ 1 rpaHny TeHe- BOTO KOHTPACTA CTeTI€Hb OCB©III€HHOCTH TIO

Mepe MIpOABMKeHMA K HUM OyAeT NOCTOAH- HO YMeHbIllaTbCA M CO BD€M€H€M IepelAeT B COỐCTB€HHVIO T€Hb ÏÏaAaIOHIAa4 TeHb OT Modeauposka (00D0MbL KOHCA:

1 — co6crBenHas TeHb; 2 — noayTon; 3 — pedaexc;

Trang 15

1IIAA — 9TO BCerAa TeHb OT Kpyra, O6pasyemaa TlepeceyeHviem Ayer cBeTa, MAYUIMX 10 Kaca- 'T€AbHOÍI K IOB€DXHOCTH IID€AM€Ta, Ha KOTO- DY!O HAAA€T T€Hb Ï ÏDW YAAA€HWW IOB€pXHOCTW llapa OT TAA3 KOHTDACT M@)KAY CB€TOM H THbIO TIOCAAOBATAbHO CHHMọâTCf, ôTACHTằ, HO- CKOAbKY YMeHbilaeTca ecrecrBeHHad MHTeH- CMBHOCTb CBeTa, COOcTBeHHad M Naaaloulad 'T€HW IIOCA€AOBAT€AbHO BbICB©TAsIOTCI BbI51B-

A€HHIO OỐb€MA IIADA CBGTOT€HbIO CTIOCOỐCTBY- eT pou, Ha KOTODOM DelrIeHa $OpMa HIApa

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KOTOpOM OH pacnoAoxKeH AyIIeli, Bbipa-

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TIAOTHOCTb TOHA (TIDW CỐAM3K€HWI HITDMXOB ADYT C ADYTOM) M BbIDA3MT€AbHOCTb BCeTO PHCyHKa TlocmpoeHUe (00pMbt IIap4 Tlocmpoenue uuaundpa, €20 SAAUNCOB C y4eMOm NAOcKOcmU e20 HaxoKOeHUA

Caemomenesaa modeauposka hopmot mapa:

1 — co6crBennas Texp; 2 — noaytou; 3 — pedaexc; 4— CB€T; Š — naAAIOHIA TeHb

Caemomenesaa modeauposka uuAuHopa: 1 — coỐCTBeHHa4 TeHb; 2 — noayTou; 3 — pedaexc;

Trang 16

CTaTwKa W AHaMWKaR (ĐODMhI ID©AMeTa

HeCMOTP4 Hà TO WTO HAACTHM€CKO€ MPIHI-

AeHMe OasupyeTca Ha KyAbTe Yeaoro W «9- oexktTe HanpsKeHMA IIAaCTMW€CKOli ĐOpMbI»>

(C Aanmaap), ero HeEAb3A CUMTATb OTOPBaH-

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4eckux) cbopm u306paxKaemoro ID€AMeTa

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TIPEAM€TA, HO Ii Hà CBOH (Đ3M4€CKH€ OIY-

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($@OpMEI B CTODOHY ỐOAbIHI€H BBITHYTOCTH,

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CnoKolCTBMe (paBHOB€CH€) 1 AMHaMMKa

Trang 17

PucyHoK HaTIOopMopTa

EcTb OTpOMHA DA3HHIIA M€3AY T€M, KâK BHAHIIb ID€AMeT Õ€3 KaDAHAAIIIA B pyKe,

1 TEM, KaK BHAMIIIb ©TO, DMCVfI

11 BaAepi

HaTIODMOPT KâK HWKaKOĂ ADyTỌI 2KaHp 103- BOASI€T ÿBHA€Tb CTDYKTYY XYAO3K€CTB€H- HOM ÙODMBI B AWHAMWK€ H BO3MO3XHOCTH

ee pasputua Mup Bese He TOABKO OT3BI-

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(opMnI IÏoAOỐHV!O AWHaMH€CKYIO HAAC-

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SØ>€MOB B IDOCTDAHCTB€ BbIØDaHHOrTO $Op-

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KOH-CTPYKTHBHEHI OCOỐ€HHOCTH, KOTODBI€ OKa- 3b†BAIOTC8 TAABHbIMM: TO4HO€ OTD€AEACHHE XapakTepa BC€f KOHCTDYKHMH € OMOHIbiO

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STATI MEPBbIM

TlomMckK Macc T€OM€TDH€CKMX ID€AM€TOB

TIO OTHOHI€HIIO K OPMATY AHCTA HaTIODMODT € TWHTICOBbIMH TIDGAM€T8MH STAM BTOPONM

Trang 21

h O = E < aL, ĐTAI TPETMHH

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STATI YETBEPTbIM

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Trang 24

ĐTAH TPETHH ÄGTKA11 CBGTOT€H€BA5I MOAGAWDOBKA IIDCAM€TOB

3TAII HETBEPTHIH

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Trang 27

& O = oO = < a ĐTAI TPETMH

3OHaAbHO€ OID€ACA€HW€ CB€TOT€H€BOfI

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Trang 29

B- O = Qu = < T ĐTANI TAII BTOPOH TlocrpoeHwe (bopMbI IpeAMeTob

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IIPEABAPMHTEAbHbIH ĐTAH TĨOMCK KOMIO3MIIOHHOTO P€HI€HWS B MAAOM ()}OpMare STATI MEPBbIM

Kom IIO3MHMOHHO€ DAâ3M€IHICHMC

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vo,

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Trang 36

PucyHokK neđa3axxa

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Trang 37

DAKPCBI, MACHITaỐPI, XaDAKT€D II€DCIICKTHBHO-

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