Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật xây dựng: Quản lý tình trạng kỹ thuật của cầu Extradosed - cầu An Đông tỉnh Ninh Thuận

Cҩu tҥo cáp trong cҫu Extradosed .... Cҩu tҥo tháp trong cҫu Extradosed .... Công viӋc kiӇm tra các bӝ phұn chính cӫa cҫu trong quá trình khai thác sӱ dөng .... Quan trҳc cҫu trong quá t

L ӏch sӱ phát triӇn cҫu Extradosed

C ҩu tҥo cáp trong cҫu Extradosed

&iSWURQJFҫX ([WUDGRVHGWKѭӡQJÿѭӧc bӕ trí theo dҥng rӁ quҥWÿӇ giҧm thiӇu chiӅu dài cӫa khu vӵc nӕi cáp vӟi tháp và làm WăQJFiQKWD\ÿzQOjP viӋc cӫa cáp Cáp có thӇ ÿѭӧc neo trӵc tiӃp vӟi tháp hoһc thông qua yên ngӵa

Khoҧng cách giӳa các neo cáp trên dҫPWKѭӡQJÿѭӧc lҩy trong khoҧng 4 m ÿӃQPWѭѫQJӭng vӟi khoҧng tӯ ÿӃQÿӕt dҫP7KHRSKѭѫQJQJDQJFҫu, FiS WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧc bӕ WUt WKHR SKѭѫQJ WKҷQJ ÿӭng nhҵm tránh sӵ hҥn chӃ khoҧQJNK{QJWK{QJ[HFNJQJQKѭOӵFNpRWKHRSKѭѫQJQJDQJGҫP&iSÿѭӧc dùng cho cҫu Extradosed có dҥQJWѭѫQJWӵ QKѭFiSGQJFKRFҫXGk\YăQJ QKѭQJFyWLӃt diӋn nhӓ KѫQWKѭӡng sӱ dөng loҥi tao 15,2 mm hay 15,7 mm

Neo cáp trong cҫX([WUDGRVHGNK{QJÿzLKӓi các yêu cҫu kӻ thuұt khҳc khe QKѭFҫXGk\YăQJGRELrQÿӝ ӭng suҩWWѭѫQJÿӕi nhӓ9uFiSGk\YăQJWURQJ cҫu Extradosed ngҳQÿӝ võng bҧn thân nhӓ QrQWKѭӡng không quan tâm lҳm ÿӃn hiӋQWѭӧQJGDRÿӝnJFiSQKѭWURQJFҫXGk\YăQJ

&iSGk\YăQJWURQJFҫu Extradosed trong quá trình thi công chӍ phҧi FăQJNpRPӝt lҫn, khác vӟi cҫXGk\YăQJSKҧLFăQJNpRÿLӅu chӍnh nhiӅu lҫn

Vì vұ\PjFiSGk\YăQJWURQJFҫX([WUDGRVHGFzQÿѭӧc gӑi là cáp dӵ ӭng lӵc ngoài.

C ҩu tҥo tháp trong cҫu Extradosed

Tháp trong cҫu ([WUDGRVHG WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧc làm bҵng bê tông cӕt thép, tháp cҫXWKѭӡng có dҥng mӝt nhánh hoһc hai nhánh, do chiӅu cao tháp thҩp nên tháp không có dҥng chӳ A hoһc chӳ @

2.1.1 3KѭѫQJSKiSTXҧn lý tình trҥng kӻ thuұt cӫa cҫu

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T әng quan vӅ quҧn lý tình trҥng kӻ thuұt cӫa cҫu

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- ĈRGDRÿӝQJEҵQJPi\ÿRGDRÿӝQJ*HLJHUÿѫQJLҧQFKӍFҫQGzQJ ÿLӋQQKӓQrQFyWKӇGQJSLQ7X\QKLrQFyQKѭӧFÿLӇPOjSKҧLÿһWWUrQKӋFӕ ÿӏQKQrQNKyNKăQWURQJYLӋFÿRӣQKӳQJYӏWUtFҫXFDRV{QJVkX>@

- ĈRGDRÿӝQJEҵQJPi\ÿR[XQJÿLӋQFyѭXÿLӇPOjÿӑFVӕOLӋXWUrQ PjQKuQKQrQWKDRWiFGӉGjQJÿRÿѭӧFӣQKӳQJYӏWUtFDR7X\QKLrQFy QKѭӧFÿLӇPOjVӱGөQJGzQJÿLӋQOӟQQrQNKLNKҧRViWӣQѫLNK{QJFyOѭӟL ÿLӋQFҫQSKҧLFyPi\SKiWÿLӋQ>@

Hình 2.14 0i\ÿRGDRÿӝQJEҵQJ[XQJÿLӋQ

Quan tr ҳc cҫu trong quá trình khai thác sӱ dөng

1KҵPSKөFYөWӕWFKRF{QJWiFTXҧQOêEҧRGѭӥQJWKѭӡQJ[X\rQÿӕL YӟLFҫXFyNӃWFҩXGk\YăQJWURQJJLDLÿRҥQNKDLWKiFVӱGөQJNKL[k\GӵQJ QKLӅXFk\FҫXGk\YăQJGk\Y}QJKRһFFҫX([WUDGRVHGQJѭӡLWDWLӃQKjQKOҳS ÿһWFiFWKLӃWEӏFKX\rQGQJYjWKӵFKLӋQF{QJWiFTXDQWUҳFFiFWK{QJVӕOLrQ TXDQGѭӟLWiFÿӝQJFӫDFiFWiFQKkQQKѭJLyQKLӋWÿӝFiFWҧLWUӑQJ>]

+ӋWKӕQJFiFWKLӃWEӏTXDQWUҳFÿѭӧFÿһWVҹQWҥLFiFYӏWUtWUrQNӃWFҩXÿӇ ÿRFiFWK{QJVӕVDX

- ĈRӭQJVXҩWQKLӋWÿӝWURQJErW{QJFӫDGҫPWKiS - ĈRFKX\ӇQYӏWKHRSKѭѫQJÿӭQJYjSKѭѫQJQJDQJFӫDGҫPYjWKiS - ĈROӵFFăQJYjQKLӋWÿӝWURQJGk\

- ĈRJLyÿӝҭPYjÿROѭӧQJPѭD

- &DPDUDTXDQViWJLDRWK{QJFyWKӇJLiPViWKjQKYLӭQJ[ӱQJѭӡL GQJFyWKӇQKұQUD

0ӝWVӕORҥLWKLӃWEӏÿRKLӋQQD\ÿmÿѭӧFGQJӣPӝWVӕFҫXGk\YăQJYj FҫX([WUDGRVHGӣ9LӋW1DP

- ĈR ӭQJ sXҩWWURQJErW{QJEҵQJWKLӃWEӏ6WUHVVJDXJH&ҫX.LӅQKmQJ KYOWA - 1KұW*HRNRQ0RGHOFҫX$QĈ{QJKmQJ*HRNRQ,QFRUSRUDWHG- USA);

Hình 2.157KLӃWEӏÿRӭQJVXҩWGeokon Model - ĈR QKLӋW ÿӝ WURQJ Er W{QJ EҵQJ WKLӃW Eӏ 7KHPDO FRXSOH &ҫX LӅQ hãng KYOWA - 1KұW0RGHO+03FҫX$QĈ{QJKmQJ9DLVDOD2< 3KҫQ/DQ

- 0LDWKHRG}LFKX\ӇQYӏYjWKLӃWEӏ,QFOLQHQRPHWWHUFҫX.LӅQKmQJ KYOWA - 1KұW KӋ WKӕQJ ÿӏQK Yӏ *36 /HLFD &ҫX $Q Ĉ{QJ KmQJ /HLFD Geosystem - 7Kө\6ӻ

Hình 2.167KLӃWEӏÿRGPS Leica

- 7KLӃWEӏÿRJLy:LQGPHWWHUFҫX.LӅQKmQJ.@

7UrQ WKӃ JLӟL Yj WURQJ QѭӟF FNJQJ ÿm Fy QKӳQJ QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ FҫX ([WUDGRVHGQKѭQJFKӫ\ӃXWұSWUXQJYjRQJKLrQFӭXYӅNKҭXÿӝQKӏSKӧSOê YjWtQKKLӋXTXҧYӅNLQKWӃFӫDFҫX([WUDGRVHGFKѭDFyQKӳQJQJKLrQFӭXYӅ TXҧQOêWuQKWUҥQJNӻWKXұWFӫDFҫX([WUDGRVHGWURQJTXiWUuQKNKDLWKiFYj TXҧQOêVӱGөQJ&iFÿӅWjLQJKLrQFӭXÿLӇQKuQKQKѭ

- Behaviour and design of extradosed bridges - Konstantinos Kris Mermigas - 2008;

- 1JKLrQFӭXFKLӅXGjLQKӏSKӧSOêFӫDGҥQJFҫXKҫPFiSKӛQKӧS7KH Extradosed Bridge) - 'LӋS9}0LQK4XӕF- 2009 ĈӅ WjL WұS WUXQJ YjR QJKLrQ FӭX TXҧQ Oê WuQK WUҥQJ Nӻ WKXұW FӫD FҫX

Extradosed - FҫX $Q Ĉ{QJ WӍQK 1LQK 7KXұQ WURQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ NKDL WKiF VӱGөQJ ÿһF ELӋW WұS WUXQJ YjR QJKLrQ FӭX WuQK WUҥQJ Nӻ WKXұW FӫD FҫX WURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWYjYjWKD\WKӃFiSGk\YăQJĈӗQJWKӡLÿѭDUDSKѭѫQJSKiSFKҭQÿRiQVѫEӝKLӋQWѭӧQJÿӭWFiSGk\YăQJGӵDWUrQFiFVӕOLӋXTXDQWUҳF

WKXÿѭӧFÿӕLYӟLFҫX$QĈ{QJQKҵPNKҳFSKөFNӏSWKӡLWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSGk\YăQJWURQJTXiWUuQKNKDLWKiFVӱGөQJSKөFYөFKRF{QJWiFGX\WXEҧRGѭӥQJFҫXPӝWFiFKQKDQKFKyQJYjNӏSWKӡL

QUҦN LÝ TÌNH TRҤNG KӺ THUҰT CӪA CҪU EXTRADOSED

3.14XҧQOêWuQKWUҥQJNӻWKXұWFҫX$QĈ{QJ

7URQJ SKҥP YL OXұQ YăQ Qj\ FKӍ QJKLrQ FӭX NKҧR ViW WuQK WUҥQJ Nӻ WKXұWFӫDFҫXÿӕLYӟLNӃWFҩXQKӏSchính ([WUDGRVHGWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS và thay thӃFiSGk\YăQJÿӗQJWKӡLFăQFӭWUrQVӕOLӋXQJKLrQFӭXÿѭӧF, ÿѭD UDSKѭѫQJSKiSFKҭQÿRiQQJăQQJӯDFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSGk\YăQJFyWKӇ [ҧ\UDFNJQJQKѭYLӋFVӱGөQJKLӋXTXҧKӋWKӕQJTXDQWUҳFÿmÿѭӧFOҳSÿһW WUrQFҫX

3.1.1 Nghiên cӭu, khҧo sát tình trҥng kӻ thuұt cӫa cҫu trong WUѭӡng hӧSÿӭt cáp và thay thӃ FiSGk\YăQJ a) Mô hình hoá NӃWFҩX:

Hình 3.1 0{KuQKFҫX$QĈ{QJ b) 3KҫQPӅQWtQKWRiQ/XұQYăQVӱGөQJSKѭѫQJSKiSSKҫQWӱKӳXKҥQ thông qXDSKҫQPӅP0LGDV&LYLOÿӇJLҧLTX\ӃWYLӋFWtQKWRiQQӝLOӵFYj ELӃQGҥQJFҫXWURQJFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSQJKLrQFӭX [9]

0,'$6&LYLOOjPӝWKӋWKӕQJFKѭѫQJWUuQKKӛWUӧ SKkQWtFKYjWKLӃWNӃNӃWFҩXFӫD0,'$6,7+jQ4XӕF7URQJGzQJFiFFKѭѫQJWUuQKSKkQWtFKNӃWFҩXKLӋQQD\0,'$6&LYLOQәLOrQQKѭOjPӝWFKѭѫQJWUuQKFyNKҧQăQJWtQK

WRiQWӕWGӉVӱGөQJYj\rXFҫXPӭFÿҫXWѭNK{QJFDR&KLWLӃWYӅFiFWtQK QăQJFӫDFKѭѫQJWUuQKQj\ÿѭӧFNKiLTXiWPӝWVӕWtQKQăQJQәLEұWVDX

- QX\ 0{ 0,'$6&LYLO Fy NKҧ QăQJ SKkQ WtFK NӃW FҩX YӟL PӝW Vӕ SKҫQWӱYjVӕQ~WNK{QJKҥQFKӃ

- 'ҥQJSKkQWtFK0,'$6&LYLOKӛWUӧKҫXKӃWFiFGҥQJSKkQWtFKFҫQ WKLӃW WURQJ Nӻ WKXұW NӃW FҩX QKѭ SKkQ WtFK WƭQK SKkQ WtFK ÿӝQJ SKkQ WtFK WX\ӃQWtQKSKkQWtFKSKLELӃQGҥQJOӟQ3- ¨SKkQWtFKWKӫ\QKLӋWSKkQWtFK FiFTXiWUuQKWKLF{QJFy[pWÿӃQVӵWKD\ÿәLWtQKQăQJYұWOLӋXWKHRWKӡLJLDQ SKkQWtFKFRQJyWWӯELӃQ

- 'ҥQJSKҫQWӱ0,'$6&LYLOFXQJFҩSKҫXKӃWFiFGҥQJSKҫQWӱÿӫ NKҧQăQJP{KuQK KyDYjSKkQWtFKFiFEjLWRiQNӃWFҩX

- 7ӕFÿӝWtQKWRiQVRYӟLQKLӅXFKѭѫQJWUuQKNKiFWӕFÿӝWtQK WRiQ FӫD 0,'$6&LYLO Oj UҩW FDR GR FKѭѫQJ WUuQK Qj\ iS GөQJ QKLӅX WKXұW WRiQWtQKWRiQKLӋQÿҥLQKѭJLҧLÿDPһWWUұQPXOWL-frontal solver)

- *LDRGLӋQ0,'$6&LYLOFXQJFҩSFiFJLDRGLӋQÿӗKӑDWLӅQ[ӱOêYj KұX[ӱOêUҩWWLӋQGөQJYjUҩWWUӵFTXDQ

3.1.1.1 Mô hình phân tích, nghiên cӭu:

&ҫX Fy WҩW Fҧ WUө WKiS WUө WKiS 72, T3, T4 và T5) Yj QKӏS

Extradosed, do FҫXÿӕL[ӭQJ nên ta chӍQJKLrQFӭXSKkQWtFKFKRPӝWQӱDFҫX ÿӕLYӟLWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS YjWKD\FiSGk\YăQJtrên WUө72 và T3 PӛLWUө FyWҩWFҧ06 FһSGk\ OLrQNӃWYӟLWUөWKiSWK{QJTXD\rQQJӵD0ӛLWUөWD[pW WUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWPӝWGk\FiSYjWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFҧGk\cáp cùnJPӝWYӏWUt WUrQFҧPһWSKҷQJGk\WUiLPһWSKҷQJGk\và PһWSKҷQJGk\SKҧL PһW SKҷQJGk\ NKѭYұ\WD[pWWҩWFҧ12 WUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS và thay cáp trên PӛLWUөWKiSWUrQWUөOjWUѭӡQJKӧS a) Mô hình phân tích, QJKLrQFӭX [10]:

Hình 3.2 Mô hình ÿӭWFiSWUrQWUө72 và T3

- Cỏc dõy cỏSYăQJÿѭӧFÿiQKVӕWKӭWӵWӯYӏWUtVӕKRһFảÿӃQYӏ WUtVӕKRһFảWUrQPӛLWUөQKѭYұ\PӛLWUөFyWҩWFҧGk\FiSYăQJ WUrQPӝWPһQJSKҷQJGk\WUrQFҧPһWSKҷQJGk\OjGk\FiSYăQJ

- 3KҷQJSKҷQJGk\ErQWUiLNtKLӋXOjPһWSKҷQJGk\VӕPһWSKҷQJ Gk\ErQSKҧLNtKLӋXOjPһWSKҷQJGk\VӕFiFGk\YăQJWUrQPһWSKҷQJVӕ ÿѭӧFÿiQKVӕWӯGk\VӕÿӃQGk\VӕFiFGk\YăQJWUrQPһWSKҷQJGk\

VӕÿѭӧFÿiQKVӕWKӭWӵWӯGk\VӕảÿӃQGk\Vӕả b) 7ҧLWUӑQJphân tích, QJKLrQFӭX [10]:

HӋVӕWҧLWUӑQJÿӕLYӟLFiFWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSYjWKD\FiSQKѭVDX

7әKӧSWҧLWUӑQJ DC DW LL**

+ IM BC RC 7UѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS

%uQKWKѭӡQJ 1,20 1,40 1,50 Thay cáp 1,20 1,40 1,50 1,00 - '&7ҧLWUӑQJEҧQWKkQFӫDFiFEӝSKұQNӃWFҩu

- ':7ҧLWUӑQJFӫDOӟSSKӫPһWFҫXYjFiFWLӋQtFKF{QJFӝQJ

- LL ** +RҥWWҧL[H FKҩWÿӅXWUrQFiFOjQ - LL * +RҥWWҧL[HFKҩWWUrQPӝWOjQ - ,07ҧLWUӑQJ[XQJNtFK

- BC/ӵFÿӝQJGRÿӭWFiSÿѭӧFOҩ\EҵQJOҫQOӵFWƭQKWURQJFiSEӏ ÿӭWWѭѫQJӭQJ

- 5&/ӵFFăQJFiSWѭѫQJӭQJÿӕLYӟLGk\FiSWKD\WKӃ

&iFKӋVӕWҧLWUӑQJWUrQOҩ\WKHRTX\ÿӏQKFӫD - 30 < + 20 04 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 49 < + 22 05 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 64 < + 25 06 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 73 < + 27 7UѭӡQJKӧSEuQKWKѭӡQJ < + 32 < + 12 < + 32

*KLFK~ÿӝYӗQJEuQKWKѭӡQJlà ÿӝYӗQJVDXNKLWKLF{QJ[RQJNK{QJ có ÿӭWEҩWNǤdây cáp nào)

;pWWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWWӯQJWDRFiSWUrQWUөWKiS72 WDFyELӇXÿӗPӕLTXDQKӋJLӳDOӵFFăQJFzQOҥLtrong dây FiSYăQJYjÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏSQKѭVDX

%LӇXÿӗ3.54 QXDQKӋJLӳDÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUtJLӳD QKӏSYjOӵFFăQJGk\YăQJWUrQWKiS72

7ӯELӇXÿӗTXDQKӋWUrQWDWKҩ\NKL[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFÿӝYӗQJFӫDGҫPӣ JLӳDQKӏS WDFyWKӇFKҭQÿRiQVѫEӝÿѭӧFOӵFFăQJWURQJPӝWVӕGk\YăQJWUrQ tháp T2WURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS[ҧ\UD

- 7UѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSWUrQWUөWKiS73:

%LӇXÿӗ3.55 ĈӝYӗQJFӫDGҫP FKӫNKLNK{QJFyKRҥW

WҧLWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSWUrQWKiS T3

7DWKҩ\NKLÿӭWFiSWUrQWUөWKiS73WKuÿӝYӗQJFӫDGҫPWҥLYӏWUt JLӳDQKӏSvà 03 JLҧPYj ÿӗQJWKӡLÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏS4 WăQJFөWKӇ

TT 7UѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS ĈӝYӗQJGҫPJLӳDQKӏSPm)

01 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > + 25 > + 4 < +33 02 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > + 0 > - 25 < +37 03 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 14 > - 41 < +39 04 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 27 > - 55 < +41 05 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 38 > - 67 < +44

06 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ > - 44 > - 74 < +45 7UѭӡQJKӧSEuQKWKѭӡQJ < + 32 < + 12 < +32

;pWWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWWӯQJWDRFiSWUrQWUөWKiS73 ta có PӕLTXDQKӋ JLӳDOӵFFăQJWURQJGk\YjÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏS3 QKѭVDX

%LӇXÿӗ3.56%LӇXÿӗTXDQKӋJLӳDÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUt JLӳDQKӏS3 YjOӵFFăQJGk\YăQJWUrQWKiS73

7ӯELӇXÿӗTXDQKӋWUrQWDWKҩ\ NKL[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFÿӝYӗQJFӫDGҫPӣJLӳDQKӏSWDFyWKӇFKҭQÿRiQVѫEӝÿѭӧFOӵFFăQJWURQJPӝWVӕGk\YăQJWUrQ tháp T3WURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS[ҧ\UD

- 7UѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSYăQJWUrQWUөWKiS74WѭѫQJWӵQKѭWUѭӡQJKӧS ÿӭWFiS[ҧ\UDWUrQWUөWKiS73 GRWtQKÿӕL[ӭQJFӫDNӃWFҩXQKѭQJWKD\WKӃ FKX\ӇQYӏӣQKӏSWKjQKQKӏSFөWKӇQKѭVDX

7DWKҩ\NKLÿӭWFiSWUrQWUөWKiS74WKuÿӝYӗQJFӫDGҫPWҥLYӏWUtJLӳD QKӏSYjJLҧPYjÿӝYӗQJWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏSWăQJFөWKӇ

TT 7UѭӡQJKӧS ÿӭWFiS ĈӝYӗQJGҫPJLӳDQKӏSPm)

01 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < +33 > + 4 > + 25 02 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < +37 > - 25 > + 0 03 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < +39 > - 41 > - 14 04 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < +41 > - 55 > - 27 05 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < +44 > - 67 > - 38

06 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < +45 > - 74 > - 44 7UѭӡQJKӧSEuQKWKѭӡQJ < +32 < + 12 < + 32

;pWWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWWӯQJWDRFiSWUrQtháp T4 WDFyELӇXÿӗPӕL TXDQKӋJLӳDOӵFFăQJWURQJGk\YjÿӝYӗQJGҫPYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏSQKѭVDX

%LӇXÿӗ3.57%LӇXÿӗTXDQKӋJLӳDÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏSYjOӵFFăQJGk\YăQJWUrQWKiS74

7ӯELӇXÿӗTXDQKӋWUrQWDWKҩ\NKL[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFÿӝYӗQJFӫDGҫPӣ JLӳDQKӏSWDFyWKӇFKҭQÿRiQVѫEӝÿѭӧFOӵFFăQJWURQJPӝWVӕGk\YăQJWUrQ tháp T4WURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS[ҧ\UD

- 7UѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiSWUrQWUөWKiS75WѭѫQJWӵQKѭWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS [ҧ\UDWUrQWUөWKiS72 GRWtQKÿӕL[ӭQJFӫDNӃWFҩXQKѭQJWKD\WKӃFKX\ӇQYӏ ӣQKӏSWKjQKQKӏSFөWKӇQKѭVDX

7DWKҩ\NKLÿӭWFiSWUrQWUөWKiS75WKuÿӝYӗQJFӫDGҫPWҥLYӏWUt JLӳDQKӏSJLҧPYjÿӝYӗQJWҥLYӏWUtJLӳDQKӏSWăQJFөWKӇ

TT 7UѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWFiS &KrQKOӋFKÿӝYӗQJGҫPJLӳDQKӏSmm)

.K{QJWKD\ÿәL VRYӟLWUѭӡQJ KӧSEuQKWKѭӡQJ

< + 15 > + 3 02 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < + 17 > - 12 03 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < + 20 > - 30 04 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < + 22 > - 49 05 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < + 25 > - 64 06 ĈӭWGk\FiSVӕ < + 27 > - 73 TrѭӡQJKӧSEuQKWKѭӡQJ < + 32 < + 12 < + 32

;pWWUѭӡQJKӧSÿӭWWӯQJWDRFiSWUrQWUөWKiS75 WDFyELӇXÿӗPӕL TXDQKӋJLӳDOӵFFăQJFzQOҥLWURQJGk\FiSYăQJYjÿӝYӗQJGҫPWҥLYӏWUt JLӳDQKӏS4 QKѭVDX

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