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Trang 57Ï07Ҳ7 3+Æ17Ë&+ӬNG XӰ CӪA TҨM NHIӄU LӞ375Ç1Nӄ1&ÏĈӜ CӬNG BIӂ17+,Ç1&+ӎU TҦI TRӐNG DI CHUYӆN SӰ DӨNG 3+ѬѪ1*3+È33+ҪN TӰ TҨM NHIӄU LӞP CHUYӆ1ĈӜNG MMPM (MULTI-LAYER MOVING PLATE METHOD)
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Trang 6ABSTRACT
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTI-LAYER PLATE RESTING ON A VARIABLE STIFFNESS FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO MOVING LOAD USING MULTI-LAYER MOVING PLATE METHOD MMPM
Nowadays, the structure of the plate impacted by the moved-load (hereafter FDOOHG ³SODWH-VWUXFWXUH´ LV ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ LQGXVWULHV FRQVWUXFWLRQ WUDIILF HWFDue to its wide applicability in practical situations, the problem this of plate-structure has received much not only from domestic but also from foreign researchers Recently, there are many studies on this topic, such as: dynamic analysis of plate-structure used moving element method (MEM), dynamic analysis of plate-structure resting on viscous-elastic foundation, on Pasternak foundation subjected to moving load using moving element method (MEM) However, previous studies only focus on dynamic analysis of the plate as a simplified foundation with constant stiffness, but in practice the stiffness of the foundation is various, so the dynamic analysis of multi-layer plate resting on the variable stiffness foundation subjected to moving load is researched in order to stimulate more accurately the variable stiffness foundation in the real problems Thesis's new idea is to research on the method of Multi-Layer Moving Plate Method (MMPM) to dynamic analysis of muilti-layer plate structure is infinitely long resting on variable stiffness foundation subjected to moving load In which, the properties of the stiffness foundation are assumed to vary along the length of WKHSODWHDSODWHLVGLVFUHWL]HGLQWR³PRYLQJHOHPHQWV´7KHVHPRYLQJHOHPHQWVare not physical elements fixed to the plate but are conceptual elements that
³IORZ´ZLWKWKHPRYLQJORDGWKURXJKWKHSODWH7KHPDLQDGYDQWDJHRI0030LVthat the load will never reach the boundary end since the proposed elements move along with it and the moving load will not even have to cross from one element into another, thereby avoiding the updating of the force or the displacement vectors Influence of the interaction between the multi-layer plate and the the variable stiffness foundation will be investigated The influence of the interaction between the multi-layer plate and the variable stiffness foundation is modeled and the results show that these factors have important effects on the dynamic response of the plate The thesis is expected to be the useful references for the designs, constructions and maintenance of structures in practices
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+uQK Sӵ hӝi tө cӫa chuyӇn vӏ tҥLWkPWҩP%7WKHRFiFEѭӟc thӡi gian 48
+uQK Sӵ hӝi tө cӫa chuyӇn vӏ WKHR FiF Eѭӟc thӡi gian cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ 50
+uQK Sӵ hӝi tө cӫa chuyӇn vӏ WKHR FiF Eѭӟc thӡi gian cӫa tҩm xi PăQJÿi 50
+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJYjWҩP[LPăQJÿiWҥLFiFYӏ WUt 1/4 tҩm, 2/4 tҩm, 3/4 tҩm khi k f , k c biӃQWKLrQ 52
Trang 12+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJWҥLFiFYӏ WUt1/4 tҩm, tҥi 2/4 tҩPYj
tҥi 3/4 tҩm khi k c , k f biӃQWKLrQYjNKLk c , k f OjKҵng sӕ 53+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi WҥL FiF Yӏ WUt 1/4 tҩm, 2/4 tҩm,
3/4 tҩm khi k f , k c biӃQWKLrQYjNKLk f , k c OjKҵng sӕ 53+uQh 3 12 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP ;0Ĉ Wҥi vӏ WUt 1/4 tҩm, 2/4 tҩm,
3/4 tҩm khi k f , k c biӃQWKLrQYjNKLk f , k c OjKҵng sӕ 54+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ WѭѫQJTXDn Į
WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 55+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy KӋ sӕ
WѭѫQJTXDQĮ WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 56
+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩP[LPăQJÿiӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ WѭѫQJTXDQ
Į WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYj
3/4 tҩm 56+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩm [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy KӋ sӕ
WѭѫQJ quan Į WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 57
+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅn cyVӕ PNJ n WKD\ÿәi khi
tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 58+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa cӫa tҩPErW{QJ ӭng vӟi nӅQFyVӕ PNJn
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 59+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩm [LPăQJÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQFyVӕ PNJ n thay ÿәi
khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 59+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩm [LPăQJÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ n
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 60+uQK1 ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ cҧn WKD\ÿәi 61+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ cҧn
WKD\ÿәi 61
Trang 13+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy KӋ sӕ cҧn
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 62+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa xi PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy KӋ sӕ cҧn
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 62+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi vұn tӕc tҧi di chuyӇn V thay
ÿәi tҥi vӏ tUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 63+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ ӭng vӟi vұn tӕc tҧi di
chuyӇQ9WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 64+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩP[LPăQJÿiӭng vӟi vұn tӕc tҧi di chuyӇn V
WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩm YjWҩm 64+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa xi PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi vұn tӕc tҧi di
chuyӇQ9WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 65+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi JLiWUӏ tҧi di chuyӇn P thay
ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 66+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ ӭng vӟi JLi WUӏ tҧi di
chuyӇn P WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 67+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi JLi WUӏ tҧi di chuyӇn P
WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 67+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi JLi WUӏ tҧi di
chuyӇn P WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 68+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟLFiFJLiWUӏ PRGXOHÿjQKӗi
Trang 14+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟLFiFJLiWUӏ chiӅXGj\Wҩm h
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi trӑng ӣ FiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 71+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ ӭng vӟL FiF JLi WUӏ chiӅu
cӭng biӃQWKLrQYjQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng, cҧn nhӟt cQJELӃQWKLrQ 75+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩP[L PăQJÿiFKӏu tҧi trӑQJGLÿӝQJWUrQQӅn
Fyÿӝ cӭng biӃQWKLrQYjQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng, cҧn nhӟWFQJELӃn WKLrQ 75+uQK ChuyӇn vӏ cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy ÿӝ cӭng, cҧn nhӟt
Trang 15'$1+0Ө&&È&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8
Bҧng 2 1 Tӑa ÿӝ YjWUӑng sӕ WURQJSKpSFҫXSKѭѫQJ*DXVV 23
Bҧng 2 2 7K{QJVӕ cӫa tҧi trӑng 36
Bҧng 2 3 7K{QJVӕ cӫa tҩm ErW{QJ 36
Bҧng 2 4 7K{QJVӕ OLrQNӃt giӳa hai tҩm 37
Bҧng 2 5 7K{QJVӕ cӫa tҩm [LPăQJÿi 37
Bҧng 2 6 7K{QJVӕ nӅQÿҩt 37
Bҧng 3.1 7K{QJVӕ cӫa tҧi trӑng ««««««««««««««««40
Bҧng 3.2 7K{QJVӕ cӫa tҩPErW{QJ 40
Bҧng 3.3 7K{QJVӕ OLrQNӃt giӳa hai tҩm 41
Bҧng 3.4 7K{QJVӕ cӫa tҩP[LPăQJÿi 41
Bҧng 3.5 7K{QJVӕ nӅQÿҩt 41
Bҧng 3.6 Sӵ hӝi tө chuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩW î-5 m) tҥLWkPWҩPErW{QJ 44
Bҧng 3.7 Sai sӕ (%) chuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt tҥL WkP WҩP Er W{QJ FӫD FiF SKѭѫQJSKiSYӟLOѭӟi chia 30x30 so vӟi SAP 2000 45
Bҧng 3.8 Sӵ hӝi tө chuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩW î-5 m) tҥLWkPWҩPErW{QJ 48
Bҧng 3.9 KӃt quҧ khҧR ViW Vӵ hӝi tө cӫa chuyӇn vӏ tҩP Er W{QJ YӟL FiF NtFKWKѭӟFOѭӟLNKiFQKDX 49
Bҧng 3.10 KӃt quҧ khҧR ViW Vӵ hӝi tө cӫa chuyӇn vӏ tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi vӟi FiFNtFKWKѭӟFOѭӟLNKiFQKDX 49
Bҧng 3.11 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩPErW{QJYjWҩP[LPăQJÿiWҥLFiFYӏ trtWҩm (x=5m), tҥi 2/4 tҩP [ P YjWҥi 3/4 tҩm (x=15m) khi kf, kc biӃQWKLrQ 52
Bҧng 3.12 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ WҥL FiF Yӏ WUt Wҩm (x=5m), tҥi 2/4 tҩP [ P YjWҥi 3/4 tҩm (x=15m) khi kf, kc biӃQWKLrQYjNKLNINFOjKҵng sӕ 54
Trang 16Bҧng 3.13 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP[L PăQJÿiWҥLFiFYӏ WUtYӏ WUt
tҩm (x=5m), tҥi 2/4 tҩP [ P Yj Wҥi 3/4 tҩm (x=15m) khi
kf, kc biӃQWKLrQYjNKLNINFOjKҵng sӕ 54Bҧng 3.14 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ WѭѫQJ
TXDQĮWKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩm Yj tҩm 56Bҧng 3.15 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy KӋ sӕ
WѭѫQJTXDQĮWKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 57Bҧng 3.16 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ n thay
ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 58Bҧng 3.17 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP[LPăQJÿiӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ n
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 59Bҧng 3.18 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩPErW{QJӭng vӟi nӅQFyKӋ sӕ cҧn
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 61Bҧng 3.19 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫD [L PăQJ ÿi ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy KӋ sӕ cҧn
WKD\ÿәi khi tҧi di chuyӇQÿӃQFiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjtҩm 63Bҧng 3.20 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ ӭng vӟi vұn tӕc tҧi di
chuyӇQ9WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 64Bҧng 3.21 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP [L PăQJÿiӭng vӟi vұn tӕc tҧi di
chuyӇQ9WKD\ÿәi tҥi vӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 65Bҧng 3.22 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt ӣ giӳa tҩm Er W{QJ NKL JLi WUӏ tҧi trӑng di
chuyӇQ3WKD\ÿәi 67Bҧng 3.23 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt ӣ giӳa tҩP[LPăQJÿiNKLJLiWUӏ tҧi trӑng
di chuyӇQ3WKD\ÿәi 68Bҧng 3.24 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ NKL Wҧi trӑng ӣ vӏ WUt JLӳa
tҩm vӟLFiFJLiWUӏ PRGXOHÿjQKӗi E WKD\ÿәi 70
Trang 17Bҧng 3.25 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi khi tҧi trӑng ӣ vӏ WUt
giӳa tҩm vӟLFiFJLiWUӏ PRGXOHÿjQKӗL(WKD\ÿәi 70Bҧng 3.26 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ NKL Wҧi trӑng ӣ vӏ WUt JLӳa
tҩm vӟLFiFJLiWUӏ chiӅXGj\WҩPKWKD\ÿәi 71Bҧng 3.27 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP [L PăQJ ÿi NKL Wҧi trӑng ӣ vӏ WUt
giӳa tҩm vӟLFiFJLiWUӏ chiӅXGj\WҩPKWKD\ÿәi 72Bҧng 3.28 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩm khi tҧi trӑng ӣ vӏ WUtJLӳa tҩm vӟi
FiFJLiWUӏ chiӅXGj\WҩPKWKD\ÿәi 73Bҧng 3.29 6RViQKFKX\Ӈn vӏ ӣ giӳa tҩPErW{QJNKLQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng biӃn
WKLrQYjQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng, cҧn nhӟWFQJELӃQWKLrQ 75Bҧng 3.30 6RViQKFKX\Ӈn vӏ ӣ giӳa tҩP[L PăQJÿiNKLQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng
biӃQWKLrQYjQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng, cҧn nhӟWFQJELӃQWKLrQ 76Bҧng 3.31 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩP Er W{QJ ӭng vӟi nӅQ Fy ÿӝ cӭng,
cҧn nhӟW FQJ ELӃQ WKLrQ Fy KӋ sӕ ko WKD\ ÿәi khi tҧi trӑng ӣ FiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 78Bҧng 3.32 ChuyӇn vӏ lӟn nhҩt cӫa tҩm [LPăQJÿiӭng vӟi nӅQFyÿӝ cӭng,
cҧn nhӟW FQJ ELӃQ WKLrQ Fy KӋ sӕ ko WKD\ ÿәi khi tҧi trӑng ӣ FiFYӏ WUtWҩm, 2/4 tҩPYjWҩm 78
Trang 18HDQ Hamornic Differential Quadrature
EEM Eigenfunction Expansion Method
DSC Discrete Singular Convolution
DOF Bұc tӵ do (Degree of Freedom)
Meff Ma trұn khӕLOѭӧng hiӋu dөng
Peff Ma trұn tҧi trӑng hiӋu dөng
Keff Ma trұQÿӝ cӭng hiӋu dөng
.êKLӋu
Trang 19k c HӋ sӕ ÿӝ cӭng OLrQNӃt giӳa lӟp iRÿѭӡQJYjOӟp BTCT
c c HӋ sӕ ÿӝ cҧQOLrQNӃt giӳa lӟp iRÿѭӡQJYjOӟSEr%7&7
Trang 20+uQK1 0i\ED\WUrn ÿѭӡQJEăQJ [1]
+uQK2 ;HWUrQÿѭӡng cao tӕc [2]
Trang 21Trong thiӃt kӃt ÿѭӡQJEăQJKD\ÿѭӡng cao tӕc, nӅQÿѭӡQJWKѭӡQJÿѭӧc cҩu tҥo nhiӅu lӟp bao gӗm: LӟS Er W{QJ Oӟp nhӵD ÿѭӡng, lӟp xi PăQJ ÿi ÿһW WUrQnӅQÿҩWÿѭӧc thӇ hiӋQQKѭWURQJ+uQKWKHR:XYjFӝng sӵ (2014) [26] KӃt cҩu iRÿѭӡQJWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFP{KuQKQKѭOjGҫm hay tҩPÿһWWUrQQӅQÿҩt
+uQK3 Mһt cҳt nӅQÿѭӡQJEăQJQKLӅu lӟp Ĉӕi vӟi tҧi trӑng di chuyӇn, vӏ WUtFӫa tҧi trӑng trong kӃt cҩXWKD\ÿәi theo thӡi gian ViӋc pKkQWtFKҧQKKѭӣng cӫa tҧLGLÿӝQJOrQNӃt cҩXWKѭӡQJÿѭӧc tiӃn KjQKEҵQJFiFKVӱ dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiSJLҧLWtFKKRһFSKѭѫQJSKip phҫn tӱ hӳu hҥQ)(0 )LQLWH(OHPHQW0HWKRG QKѭHuQK 1.4
+uQK4 0{KuQKWҧi trӑQJGLÿӝQJYjSKҫn tӱ tҩm cӕ ÿӏnh (FEM)
Sӱ dөQJSKѭѫQJSKiSJLҧLWtFKÿӇ giҧLEjLWRiQÿӝng sӁ gһSNKyNKăQNKLtҧL Oj Pӝt hӋ gӗm nhiӅu bұc tӵ do 7URQJ NKL ÿy JLҧi quyӃW EjL WRiQ FKӏu tҧi trӑQJGLÿӝng bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSphҫn tӱ hӳu hҥn )(0FNJQJJһSNKyNKăQkhi tҧi trӑng tiӃQÿӃn gҫQELrQFӫa miӅn hӳu hҥn phҫn tӱ YjGLFKX\ӇQYѭӧWUDQJRjLELrQQJRjLUDSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\FzQ\rXFҫu phҧi OX{QFұp nhұt vӏ WUtFӫDYpFWѫ
Phҫn tӱ cӕ ÿӏnh
Tҧi trӑQJGLÿӝng
x
y
Trang 22tҧi trӑng, GR ÿy viӋc giҧi quyӃW EjL WRiQ VӁ tӕn nhiӅX FKL SKt WtQK WRiQ Yj Pҩt nhiӅu thӡLJLDQKѫQ
Trong LuұQYăQQj\ EjLWRiQWҩPGj\GjLY{KҥQÿһWWUrQQӅQFyÿӝ cӭng biӃQWKLrQFKӏu tҧi trӑng di chuyӇn sӁ ÿѭӧc giҧi quyӃWQKDQKKѫQYjtWWӕQNpPKѫQ EҵQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS SKҫn tӱ tҩm nhiӅu lӟp chuyӇQ ÿӝng (Multi-Layer Moving Plate Method-MMPM) PKѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ ÿѭӧF ÿӅ [XҩW GӵD WUrQSKѭѫQJSKiSSKҫQWӱFKX\ӇQÿӝQJ 0RYLQJ(OHPHQW0HWKRG-0(0 7URQJÿyWҩPVӁÿѭӧFFKLDQKӓWKjQKQKӳQJ³SKҫQWӱQKLӅXOӟSFKX\ӇQÿӝQJ´ÿѭӧF[k\dӵng trong mӝt hӋ tӑD ÿӝ WѭѫQJ ÿӕi, gҳn liӅn vӟi tҧi chuyӇQ ÿӝng, OѭX ê FiFphҫn tӱ chuyӇQÿӝQJNK{QJSKҧLOjSKҫn tӱ vұt chҩt (gҳn liӅn vӟi vұt liӋX PjOjFiFSKҫn tӱ NKiLQLӋm chҥy dӑc theo kӃt cҩu %rQ cҥQKÿyLuұn YăQVӱ dөng P{ KuQK QӅn Fy ÿӝ cӭng biӃQ WKLrQ QKѭ WURQJ +uQK 1.5 QKҵP P{ SKӓQJ JҫQÿ~QJKѫQÿһFWtQKӭQJ[ӱFӫDFiFOӟSÿҩWQӅQNK{QJÿӗQJQKҩWWURQJWKӵFWӃ YӟLJLҧWKX\ӃW[HPOӟSErW{QJYjOӟS[LPăQJÿiQKѭOjWҩPQKLӅXOӟSOLrQNӃWJLӳDKDLWҩPEҵQJOӟSQKӵDÿѭӡQJÿѭӧFP{KuQKKyDWKjQKKӋVӕÿӝFӭQJÿjQKӗLELӃQWKLrQkc(x) Yj KӋ Vӕ ÿӝ FҧQ ELӃQ WKLrQcc (x) 7ѭѫQJ WiF JLӳD KDL WҩP
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