FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS ---***---RESEARCH PROPOSAL Module: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY KTEE206 STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF CHATGPT ON FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ AC
Introduction
Education is crucial for a nation's success, as it fosters the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and human capital essential for individuals and societies in the modern era (Vu, J., & Ngo, T V., 2016) In its broad sense, education encompasses the purposeful socialization of personality through structured interactions between learners and educators (Loi, 2013) By acquiring knowledge, individuals develop their intellectual capabilities, contributing to advancements in various sectors such as economics and politics (Hai, H H., 2017) Education empowers citizens, promotes social mobility, fosters innovation, and preserves cultural heritage, ultimately leading societies towards progress and inclusivity.
Academic achievement assesses a nation's educational system by evaluating students' performance, which predicts success in higher education and employment outcomes Key indicators include GPAs, average grades, instructor evaluations, parent reports, and school conduct Despite variations across educational systems, academic performance measures student, teacher, and institution goals Coursework assessments and exam performance gauge student achievement, with GPA emerging as a significant indicator in higher education.
Due to its role in the adoption and creation of new technologies, education is seen as a necessary condition for economic growth and total factor productivity (Hai,
H H., 2017) The educational system must support information technology to spread cutting-edge teaching strategies like "on-demand lectures," "e learning," and -
"Learning by doing" in order to create a prosperous knowledge society The use of tools like chat boxes in the classroom is now commonplace, and research is now being done to determine how these tools affect students' academic performance (Lo, Chung, 2023; Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019; L Chen, P Chen, and Z Lin, 2020) ChatGPT is among the most popular chatbox utilities Based on the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) model created in November 2022, this artificial intelligence was created Natural language processing (NLP) is a conversational AI interface known as ChatGPT that interacts in a realistic manner and even "answers follow-up questions, admits its mistakes, challenges incorrect premises, and rejects inappropriate requests." OpenAI, 2023 Although ChatGPT's main purpose was to mimic human speech, it is capable of much more than that For example, it is able to act like anything it is capable of, as well as generate new things like poems, stories, and novels The use of ChatGPT in the educational and learning process is generating a lot of debate (Lan, D., 2023; Trương, H., et al., 2023) According to Lan, D., 2023, ChatGPT can provide a diverse learning environment where students can access knowledge in their native tongue, improving their engagement and understanding (Jones & Wang, 2019) Trương, H., et al (2023) deems ChatGPT is a fantastic tool that can serve a variety of purposes simultaneously, including: teaching support and automated answers; training and guidance support; personalized learning support; encouraging critical thinking and creativity; and language and communication support However, a disproportionate dependence on Chat GPT may harm students' - capacity for independent study and critical thought (Smith et al., 2020) With only one click, ChatGPT offers information sources in practically every topic, which restricts students' critical thinking and creativity and results in a knowledge gap in education
Controversy continues to arise and produces many dimensions for each educational environment in different countries From there, the authors decided to do in-depth research on the impact of ChatGPT on the education of students at Foreign Trade University in Ho Chi Minh City through the variable academic performance (measured by GPA) Therefore, this study aims to find an answer for the question:
Does ChatGPT have a significant impact on academic performance of Foreign Trade University II students?
The author's research will thereby resolve the contentious problem of students' adoption of technological instruments for work and study Create a strategy to use ChatGPT in particular and technological tools in general to fulfill the objective of constructing parts of life from there.
Literature review
AI bot and ChatGPT
Chatbots, AI-powered computer programs, serve as virtual assistants, aiding users with various tasks These systems interpret natural language queries and respond with speech, text, or images The evolution of chatbots began with ELIZA in 1966 and continued with specialized applications such as LAWBO for legal assistance and CiboPoliBot for educational entertainment Contemporary chatbots leverage multimedia and simulations to enhance learning experiences, allowing users to access educational content anytime, anywhere.
ChatGPT, an innovative chatbot developed by OpenAI, has garnered significant attention It leverages the GPT 3.5 language model to facilitate interactive conversations with users Trained on a vast corpus of text data, ChatGPT generates contextually appropriate and informative responses.
123 million monthly active users less than three months after its inception, ChatGPT is regarded by Wodecki, B., as the fastest-growing consumer technology in history in
2023 ChatGPT is capable of managing several tasks concurrently It is capable of writing articles in a hundred different languages, creating speeches in a celebrity's voice, summarizing papers, writing code, learning from previous interactions, responding to trivia questions, passing legal and medical examinations, etc.) has sparked interest throughout the globe (Thio & Aw, 2023; The Economist, 2023d; The Economist, 2023a)
ChatGPT is not a faultless program, though One of ChatGPT's many flaws is its lack of currency (it doesn't know what happened after September 2021), as well as its lack of trustworthy sources, errors in reasoning and fact, propensity for hallucinations (making up stories), and the risk of automating such systems to produce rumors on an unprecedented scale (Marcus, 2022; Marcus & David, 2023; Ortiz, 2023c) Alternatively, ChatGPT can generate outcomes that are accurate and commendable in these areas, but not consistently, as Marcus & David (2023) claimed
Although ChatGPT-4 has addressed a number of difficulties, such as not responding to queries or requests for it to produce damaging content, debate still exists over the benefits and drawbacks of ChatGPT.
Academic performance
A range of student attributes are indicative of academic performance Munhall et al (2002) identified four categories of indicators - parent engagement, academic competency, self-reported grades, educational expectations, and the quantity of books read—that have an impact on academic achievement Meanwhile, Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA (2003) make reference to the following: self-reported average grades, instructors' remarks and behavior assessments, parents' reports, and school conduct They also discuss self-reported or genuine recorded GPAs (provided by the register) The aforementioned elements remain highly biased and different as each country has a different educational system Academic performance refers to how well a learner, teacher, or institution has met its learning objectives (Kyoshaba, 2007) Performance is therefore measured using student exam results and coursework performance evaluations Exam scores are a typical way to convey academic progress, according to the Cambridge University Reporter (2003) GPAs are typically used to gauge academic success in studies and are the most visible outcomes The authors made the decision to employ the GPA variable as the primary variable to measure students' academic achievement in order to facilitate data collection and the creation of visual assessments.
Impact of ChatGPT on academic performance
The influence of chatbots on learning, teaching, and evaluation in higher education is a strongly discussed subject ChatGPT-4 reportedly passed graduate- level tests in a variety of fields, including law, medicine, and business, according to Metz & Collins (2023), W S Chen and A Y T Yao (2016) indicates that integrating online and F2F learning settings can increase the facilitation of self directed learning - capacity, problem-solving abilities, active learning, critical communication, and thinking They support this point of view All of these are critical elements for the advancement of education
When talking about ChatGPT's effects on education, there are a lot of contradictory statements made While colleges and K-12 institutions have frequently resorted to outright prohibiting the use of ChatGPT or announced the return of closed book pen-and paper exams and a new emphasis on in class assessment writing - - because they think ChatGPT reduces thinking and creativity and forces students to think within a pre-existing frame (Ropek, 2023; Wood, 2023; Yau & Chan, 2023) Conversely, a number of educators employ chatbots in their classes in an active and critical manner, encouraging students to test them out for specific goals
Research has been done to confirm that ChatGPT has a positive effect on students' academic achievement Three chatbox activities were created in 2019 based on IBM Watson system by Huang, W., Hew, K F., & Gonda, D E.: a multiple-choice guide to help learners explore their knowledge; a case study facilitator to help learners elucidate new information; and a bibliographic tutor to respond to learners' frequently asked questions about the learning materials Overall, the findings demonstrated that students' attitudes regarding the chatbot were both neutral and favorable Participants' willingness to use chatbots for longer periods of time is, however, a little less than favorable This implies that utilizing ChatGPT for studying might lessen isolation when learning The author does, however, also draw the conclusion that one of
ChatGPT's and chatbots' main limitations is that they are specifically created for a particular purpose by the team behind their development, making it challenging to remix them for use in research projects Huang, W., Hew, K F., & Gonda, D E (2019) study, however, did not conclusively demonstrate ChatGPT's influence on academic performance Generally speaking, the two writers solely measured the individuals' time and intention to use ChatGPT This fails to emphasize the distinction that ChatGPT makes in the studied group's academic achievement.
The investigations conducted by Abbasi, S., Kazi, H., & Hussaini, N N (2019) and Tanvir, K., Islam, M S I., Sezan S B K., Sanad, Z A., Ataur, A I., (2023) are more methodical when they concentrate on examining elements that have a direct impact on the academic achievement of the intended audience It was noted in Abbasi, S., Kazi, H., & Hussaini, N N (2019) that cognitive load which is active learning has an impact on learning outcomes, or academic achievement
Active learning facilitates the integration of teachings into classroom discussions or creative activities for students (Freeman, et al., 2014) In the class, the lecturer will just be a supporting character; students will take on the role of the hosts Meaningful academic activities are made possible through active learning, and this improves retention, particularly for first-year students (Kuh, G.D., Cruce, T.M., Shoup, R., Kinzie, J., and Gonyea, R.M., 2008) Because of this effort, students are able to specifically target the important concepts and sections of the lecture while also broadening their knowledge of the surrounding area and proactively transforming dry knowledge into their own expertise
According to research by Abbasi, S., Kazi, H., & Hussaini, N N (2019), chatbots can be a useful tool for improving student engagement and learning in the classroom as well as for using in online contests
Instead, Tanvir, K., Islam, M S I., Sezan S B K., Sanad, Z A., Ataur, A I., (2023) studies how academic achievement is affected by elements including motivation, creativity, and plagiarism To be more precise, the authors validated 102 responders using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique using SmartPLS 3.2.8 The authors decided to assess academic achievement based on the influence of the creativity variable to fit the issue after carefully examining the study scenario
Creativity is conventionally defined as the capacity to identify relationships that were previously unknown and to generate fresh, unique experiences in the form of new patterns (Davut, 2008) According to a recent revision to this definition, creative thinking is the capacity to produce, assess, and refine ideas that may lead to innovative solutions, the advancement of knowledge, and powerful manifestations of imagination (OECD, 2019) One of the higher-order thinking abilities necessary to help people thrive in school and in their careers later on is creativity (Torrance, 1972) Scholars (Anwar, 2012; Gralewski & Karwowski, 2012) have either documented the association between creative thinking and academic achievement and have infrequently taken into account other significant variables (such as family background and demographic variables) or have failed to take into account the distinctions between various subgroups Research papers have generally demonstrated the connection between creativity and active learning and academic achievement; however, no study has offered particular data based on the research group's GPA However, the majority of study studies mainly discuss how ChatGPT affects various aspects of learning, such as academic performance, creativity, and active learning The outcomes are inconsistent Occasionally, the data exhibits bias because of the subjective viewpoint of contemporary chatbots The authors therefore made the decision to use the following model to carry out research on the issue of
"Study on the effects of ChatGPT on Foreign Trade University Students' academic performance":
Data and Methodology: Error! Bookmark not defined 1 Background and Significance
Rationale
The rationale behind this research is shaped by a multitude of scholarly perspectives, as well as practical considerations These main concerns and points of consideration are drawn from the following references:
Integrating AI tools like ChatGPT into traditional learning methods has shown promising results in enhancing student academic performance Studies indicate that ChatGPT's ability to provide immediate assistance and reinforce information through interactive conversations significantly improves students' understanding and retention of course content.
- Moreover, the multilingual capabilities of Chat-GPT have the potential to create an inclusive learning environment catering to diverse linguistic backgrounds in Vietnam This feature can significantly enhance students' engagement and comprehension by allowing them to access information in their preferred language (Jones & Wang, 2019)
- However, there are concerns that heavy reliance on Chat-GPT might negatively impact students' critical thinking and independent learning abilities
This issue underscores the need to strike a balance between AI assistance and nurturing students' analytical skills (Smith et al., 2020)
It is critical to evaluate how ChatGPT can affect educators' roles, not just with students, but also with teachers and their lectures Some specific situations may be updated or replaced, highlighting the necessity of guiding learners and teachers through practical experiences when utilizing this new tool As a result, developing a clear legislative framework and direction for safe AI use in education is critical Educators must create courses that encourage students to use AI as an adjunct to their learning journey while highlighting the need to distinguish between AI generated - content and vetted scholarly sources.
Core problems
The key goals of this study are to investigate the effects of ChatGPT on students' academic performance and learning experiences at Foreign Trade University
The first issue is to determine whether ChatGPT may influence students' academic performance, which includes criteria such as grades and learning outcomes Second, to evaluate students' impressions of ChatGPT as a learning aid, as well as its impact on engagement and comprehension In addition, to investigate the ethical implications and responsible usage standards for integrating AI tools such as ChatGPT in higher education.
Methodology
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Chat-GPT use on the academic performance of students at Foreign Trade University II It specifically tries to examine how Chat-GPT affects active learning, academic creativity, and overall GPA The research takes a quantitative approach, via an online survey.
Participants for this study will be recruited from the student population at Foreign Trade University II Selection will be based on their academic major and their varying levels of familiarity and experience with the Chat-GPT platform.
The online survey will comprise seven sections:
- Sections 1 and 2: Participant Background o Verification of participants' enrollment at Foreign Trade University II o Collection of demographic information, including their current major
- Section 3: Chat GPT Usage and Academic Performance - o Gathering data on participants' Chat GPT usage, including its - application in tests and exams o Recording the frequency and duration of Chat-GPT usage
- Section 4: Perceptions of Chat-GPT o Assessment of participants' opinions on the user-friendliness of Chat- GPT o Evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of information obtained through Chat-GPT o Investigation into concerns related to privacy, security, and instances of misunderstanding when using Chat-GPT
- Section 5: Active Learning and Chat-GPT o Inquiry into participants' views on active learning o Examination of Chat-GPT's influence on active learning, including its impact on finding relevant coursework, study improvement, and time management
- Section 6: Creativity in Academic Performance o Exploration of participants' perceptions of creativity in academic performance o Examination of Chat-GPT's role in fostering creativity, including its influence on critical thinking and in-depth exploration of subjects o Determination of whether students feel compelled to seek answers independently after using Chat-GPT
- Section 7: Academic Performance as Measured by GPA o Identification of subjects in which students believe Chat-GPT has had the most significant impact o Elicitation of opinions regarding the importance of Chat-GPT in their academic studies, considering factors such as generating innovative ideas, time efficiency, accessing supplementary information, and enhancing the learning experience
The survey was distributed to a diverse sample of students from Foreign Trade University II, and the authors expected to collect about 165 samples Data collection has been conducted from 25/09/2023 to 10/10/2023 All responses will be collected and stored securely
Quantitative data analysis will encompass descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and frequency distributions Inferential statistical techniques, such as t tests and correlation analysis, will be employed to explore - relationships and differences between variables
This study will adhere to ethical guidelines, ensuring informed consent, participant anonymity, and the safeguarding of data privacy Participants' privacy and confidentiality will be maintained throughout the research process.
Limitation
While conducting this research, several challenges and potential difficulties have arisen causing disturbances in the process of conducting the research Obstacles such as self selection bias (The voluntary participation of students in surveys and - interviews may introduce self selection bias, as participants might have distinct - motivations and experiences compared to non-participants) and cross validation of - responses (Relying on self-reported data from surveys and interviews may be subject to recall bias and subjective interpretations) have made the results became more bias as well as not providing a common perspective for the larger population Future research should consider incorporating observational data and academic performance metrics for corroboration Other reasons such as limitation of time and finance have led us to believe that factors like contextual factors or longitudinal factors as well as the integration of other similar AI chatbots have not yet been considered in the research.
Results and discussion
Overview
This study is conducted to identify how ChatGPT impacts the academic performance of FTU2 undergraduates The researchers identified that there are many factors influencing students' performance which are demographics, student attendance, active learning, involvement in extracurricular activities and course assessment The research also delved into the associations between the independent variables and the dependent variable, with student performance measured using GPA Three of the variables examined showed a positive link with students' GPA and were chosen as the study's main focus points These include creativity and active learning because they have inherent attributes that can influence academic success As a result, ChatGPT, which has been shown to have the ability to affect GPA in particular academic circumstances, is the cause variable being considered.
Regression model
The study employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique to quantify the individual impact of factors on a student's GPA The researchers constructed a regression model to analyze the relationships between various variables and GPA.
GPA as Grade point average;
AI as ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence (which plays as a Dummy variable, AI=1 if the student uses ChatGPT, AI=0 if the student doesn't use ChatGPT); u as a stochastic term in the model
By incorporating student input through a survey, the authors aimed to minimize bias in assessing ChatGPT's impact on GPA They identified two potential factors influencing GPA, ensuring a more precise analysis of ChatGPT's correlation Furthermore, the survey sought to determine whether ChatGPT's presence affected students' active learning and creativity, suggesting that the variables under consideration are less independent This approach allowed the authors to investigate whether ChatGPT's presence could potentially alter other variables as well.
As mentioned before, due to the limited time, the researchers did not come up with a way to separate the impacts of ChatGPT on each independent variable Because of this, the results may be affected by Heteroscedasticity in the measured value.
Results
The results are as follows:
The results indicate that overall, all three explanatory variables are positively correlated with GPA In which, Active learning and Creativity proved to have significant impacts on how well a student performs academically with their coefficients as 0.592 and 0.303, respectively Meaning that for students that are currently enrolled in Foreign Trade University - Ho Chi Minh Campus, by possessing good creative ways of thinking and being active in learning lessons in class or by themself could make their score become higher More importantly, both explanatory variables are significant at 5% level, meaning they are statistically significant; However, they still suffer from the effects of Heteroskedasticity, which will be explained in the latter
Subsequently, the researchers found that students who were using ChatGPT in their academic journey could obtain a greater GPA The result of the correlation between GPA and ChatGPT is 0.271, which shows that ChatGPT has a positive impact on the overall grade point of those students Notwithstanding, at the 5% significant level, ChatGPT is proved to be statistically significant, meaning that by using ChatGPT, a student could possibly improve their academic performance during their university study
On the other hand, regarding Heteroskedasticity, the following results are:
From the results, the researchers identified that the values in the mentioned model contained heteroskedasticity error Therefore, although the variables in the original model have proven to be statistically significant, there is evidence that the results of the OLS method have been biased Because of which, more research needs to be conducted to carefully identify the impacts of ChatGPT on other explanatory variables so that the heteroskedasticity in the values could be reduced, and maybe eliminated.
Discussion
With regard to the question, "Does ChatGPT have an impact on the academic performance of Foreign Trade University students at Ho Chi Minh Campus?", the general findings of the study have highlighted factors that may or may not have a positive impact The following findings are of concern:
This study aimed to identify characteristics that influence academic success, namely GPA Creativity and active learning were selected as key characteristics due to their substantial impact on student achievement Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach, the study analyzed the influence of ChatGPT on these characteristics and found a positive correlation between ChatGPT usage and GPA, indicating a beneficial impact on academic performance The data was collected through cost-effective online questionnaires, enabling the research to be conducted with minimal financial resources while maintaining the integrity of the findings The study provides a basis for further research exploring the influence of ChatGPT on academic outcomes.
During the time used to conduct the research, some obstacles that the research faced were a lack of contextual factors and relevant research ChatGPT, released in November 2022, is a relatively new AI technology that generates data from a massive universal database However, from the authors’ perspective, substantial and explicit research on ChatGPT and its implications is scarce, providing obstacles in our study due to the absence of theoretical groundwork Although the study sought to determine the impact of ChatGPT on students at Foreign Trade University, it suffered sample size and contextual diversity limitations, since it was limited not just in numbers but also in the specific demographic of students at Foreign Trade University in Ho Chi Minh City, where economics is the primary pursuit The sample size (n5) was tiny in contrast to the whole student population, which could lead to bias in the study's conclusions Finally, while the researchers identified important parameters and their relationships with GPA, determining the precise influence of ChatGPT on each variable proved difficult This lack of specificity resulted in heteroskedasticity in the regression results, making it difficult to determine the impact of ChatGPT on a student's academic performance
However, the study still shows similarities with previous studies, and proposes another direction in analyzing the impact of ChatGPT, that is, through OLS methods, the results are suitable for using other variables to more clearly and accurately determine the correlation between ChatGPT use and student GPA Future research articles can apply this method to similar topics, and can add one or more other variables, with a larger sample size for more accurate results In addition, it is possible to further research the impact of ChatGPT on independent variables if there is enough time and data
The study has sought to investigate the impact of ChatGPT on the academic performance of students at Foreign Trade University II in Ho Chi Minh City, with a particular focus on GPA, active learning, and creativity The study has provided valuable insights into the potential influence of ChatGPT on students' academic success
The research findings have indicated that both active learning and creativity positively correlate with higher GPAs, underscoring the importance of these factors in a student's academic performance Furthermore, it has revealed that students using ChatGPT tend to have higher GPAs, suggesting that ChatGPT can have a positive impact on academic performance However, it is important to note that the presence of heteroskedasticity in the model results indicates that further research is needed to disentangle the specific impact of ChatGPT on each independent variable
This study contributes to the ongoing discourse about the role of AI tools like ChatGPT in education While ChatGPT appears to offer benefits in terms of academic performance, its broader implications for active learning and creativity must be further examined to gain a more comprehensive understanding
Despite the limitations and challenges faced during the research, this study offers a foundation for future investigations and insights into the effects of ChatGPT on students' academic performance As ChatGPT and similar AI tools continue to gain prominence in education, it is imperative to conduct further research to develop a nuanced understanding of their role in shaping the academic landscape
In conclusion, this research has provided a valuable initial exploration of the impact of ChatGPT on the academic performance of students, shedding light on both the potential benefits and the need for further research and analysis in this evolving educational landscape
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