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75ѬӠ1* ĈҤ,+Ӑ& BÁCH KHOA
Trang 2Cán Eӝ FKҩP SKҧQELӋQ 2: PGS TS LÊ ANH KIÊN
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V CÁN %Ӝ +ѬӞ1* 'Ү1 3*676/Ç7+ӎ.,03+Ө1* và 7675Ҫ17Ҩ19,ӊ7
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TÓM 7Ҳ7
%jLQJKLrQFӭXQj\WUuQKEj\NӃWTXҧ FӫD TXi WUuQK FҩS ÿ{QJ WKӏWKHR QӱD FRQ EҵQJ&)'&ҩSÿ{QJWKӏWOӧQOjTXiWUuQKGүQQKLӋWFyVӵELӃQÿәLSKD EDRJӗPWUX\ӅQQKLӋWYjWUX\ӅQNKӕLGLӉQUDÿӗQJWKӡL7ҥLÿLӇPÿ{QJÿһFWtQKFKҩWQKLӋWYұWOêFӫDVҧQSKҭPWKD\ÿәLÿӝWQJӝW6ӱGөQJSKҫQPӅPAnsys Fluent ÿӇP{SKӓQJTXiWUuQK
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ABSTRACT
This article presents the results of pork half carcass freezing time by CFD Frozen pork half carcass is the process of heat conduction with phase change including heat and mass transfer occur simultaneously At the freezing point, the physical thermal properties of the product change dramatically Using Ansys Fluent software to simulate the process, determine the time when the center of products reach
simulation results assessing the effects of temperature and airflow velocity on freezing time, the data can be used to optimize operating conditions and the design of frozen pork half carcass storage
Trang 7vi
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Trang 21&+ѬѪ1*,,TӘNG QUAN
Tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý là mӝWWKѭӟc ÿRÿһc biӋWÿiQKJLiKRҥWÿӝng cӫa thӵc phҭm, chúng chi phӕi sӵ bҧo quҧn, chuyӇQKyDQăQJOѭӧng, biӃQÿәi pha trong thӵc phҭP Yj ÿѭӧF GQJ ÿӇ tính toán các quá trình truyӅn nhiӋt, truyӅn chҩW FNJQJ QKѭphө tҧi nhiӋt trong quá trình làm lҥnh cҩS ÿ{QJ &iF SKkQ WtFK Yj WtQK WRiQ WUѭӟc ÿk\ WKѭӡng giҧ thuyӃt tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý cӫa thӵc phҭPOjNK{QJÿәi dүQÿӃn nhӳQJP{KuQKQj\WѭѫQJÿӕLÿѫQJLҧQÿӗng thӡi cho kӃt quҧ không chính xác Sӵ phát triӇn cӫa cӫDFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSVӕ trong viӋc giҧi mô hình bài toàn lҥQKÿ{QJdүQÿӃn yêu cҫu cҫn có nghiên cӭu tӹ mӍ và chính xác tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý Trong thӵc tӃ tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý cӫa thӵc phҭm là hàm cӫa nhiӋWÿӝ và thành phҫn cҩu tҥo cӫa thӵc phҭm Mô hình tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý càng chính xác, kӃt quҧ mô hình
mô phӓng quá trình làm lҥnh cҩSÿ{QJWKӵc phҭPFjQJÿiQJWLQFұy
Ngoài nhӳng ӭng dөng trong mô phӓng quá trình làm lҥnh cҩS ÿ{QJ WtQKchҩt nhiӋt vұt lý cӫa thӵc phҭP FzQ Fy ê QJKƭD TXDQ WUӑng trong nghiên cӭX ÿҧm bҧo chҩW Oѭӧng và bao gói thӵc phҭm ViӋc ӭng dөng tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý trong quá trình chӃ biӃn thӵc phҭm có thӇ kiӇm soát và giҧm thiӇu sӵ thҩt thoát chҩt Oѭӧng sҧn phҭm ӣ mӭc tӕLÿD7URQJOƭQKYӵc bao gói, thông tin vӅ tính chҩt nhiӋt vұt lý cӫa thӵc phҭm giúp lӵa chӑn vұt liӋu bao gói, và thiӃt kӃ bao gói, sӵ vұn hành EDRJyLFNJQJQKѭPi\Vҧn xuҩt bao gói (McCarthy, 1997)
2&iFSK˱˯QJSKiSF̭Sÿ{QJ
2.1.1 C̭Sÿ{QJJLy
Ĉk\OjNKRFҩSÿ{QJGQJÿӇFҩSÿ{QJKҧLVҧQWKӏWFiOjPQJX\rQOLӋXEiQWKjQKSKҭPWKjQKSKҭP&yWKӇFXQJFҩSFKRQKӳQJQJjQKF{QJQJKLӋSNKiFKRһFEҧRTXҧQWLrXGQJ'jQOҥQKFXQJFҩSGzQJNK{QJNKtOҥQKFѭӥQJEӭFFҩSÿ{QJFKRQJX\rQOLӋXWURQJNKR4XiWUuQK[ҧ\UDOLrQWөFÿӃQNKLVҧQSKҭPÿҥWQKLӋWÿӝWKHRPRQJPXӕQ6DXÿyVӁGX\WUuQKLӋWÿӝNKRWKtFKKӧS&iFVҧQSKҭPÿѭӧFÿһWYjRNKD\QK{PFyNKRpWOӛ6DXÿyQKӳQJNKD\QK{PQj\ÿѭӧF[ӃSFKӗQJOrQQKDXKRһFÿѭӧF[ӃSOrQFiF[H ÿҭ\&iFVҧQSKҭPVӁÿѭӧFFҩS ÿ{QJQKDQKFKyQJEӣL
Trang 22GzQJNKtOҥQKOXkQFKX\ӇQiSVXҩWFDRWUӵFWLӃSWKәLUDWӯ TXҥWOjPPiWOrQEӅPһWVҧQSKҭP
Hình 10{KuQKFҩSÿ{QJJLy
1JăQWӫÿ{QJFXQJFҩSFiFQJăQYjFӱDUDYjRULrQJELӋWÿӇWKXұQWLӋQFKRYLӋF [ӱOê[ӃS KjQJ Yj GӥKjQJ Ĉk\OjWKLӃWEӏFҩS ÿ{QJOêWѭӣQJFKR YLӋF FҩSÿ{QJVҧQSKҭPWKHRO{+ӋWKӕQJQj\ÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃÿӇPӣUӝQJJLӳDWKӡLJLDQFҩSÿ{QJYjWKӡLJLDQUmÿ{QJVҧQSKҭP
Trang 232.1.2 C̭Sÿ{QJWL͇p xúc
&ҩS ÿ{QJ WLӃS [~F ÿѭӧF Vѭ GөQJ FKR FiF ORҥL VҧQ SKҭP GҥQJ NKӕLEORFNWKHRSKXRQJSKiSWUX\ӅQQKLӋWGүQQKLӋW1JX\rQOLӋXYjRNKRVӁÿѭӧFWLӃS[~FGjQOҥQKYjÿѭӧFOjPOҥQKWӯKӋWKӕQJOҥQKTXDFiFPһW4XiWUuQK[ҧ\UDOLrQWөFÿӃQNKLWRjQEӝQJX\rQOLӋXÿҥWQKLӋWÿӝWKHR\rXFҫX
2.1.3 C̭Sÿ{QJÿ{QJEin ti͇p xúc
Ĉk\OjF{QJQJKӋPӟLNӃWKӧSYӟLSKѭѫQJSKiSWUrQ1JX\rQOLӋXÿѭӧFGLFKX\ӇQWUrQEăQJFKX\ӅQKRҥWÿӝQJOLrQWөF+jQJQJjQWLDGzQJNKtOҥQKÿѭӧFEҵQWUӵFWLӃSOrQVҧQSKҭP.ӃWKӧST~DWUuQKWUX\ӅQQKLӋWWӯEăQJFKX\ӅQOjP
FKRTXiWUuQKFҩSÿ{QJWULӋWÿӇÿӇYjU~WQJҳQWKӡLJLDQKѫQ
2.1.4 Nhͷng bi͇Qÿ͝i cͯa th͓t trong quá trình c̭Sÿ{QJWK͓WKHR
CҩSÿ{QJWKӏWOjSKѭѫQJSKiSEҧo quҧn phә biӃn và hiӋQÿҥi vӟLѭXÿLӇm giӳ cho chҩW Oѭӧng thӏt rҩt tӕt ít bӏ biӃQ ÿәi so vӟL FiF SKѭѫQJ SKiS NKiF 7X\ QKLrQÿLӅXÿyNK{QJFyQJKƭDOjWX\ӋWÿӕLKRjQWRjQ4XiWUuQKÿyFNJQJOjP[ҩXÿLPӝt sӕ tính chҩt cӫa thӏt Các biӃQ ÿәi xҧy ra khi làm lҥQK ÿ{QJ QKѭ PҩW Qѭӟc, cҩu trúc
Hình 27KLӃWEӏFҩSÿ{QJEiQWLӃS[~F
Trang 24WKD\ÿәi, phө thuӝc vào các yӃu tӕ QKѭWӕFÿӝ làm lҥQKQKLrWÿӝ tӕi thiӇXÿҥWÿѭӧc
và thӡi gian bҧo quҧn
KLQKLӋWÿӝVҧQSKҭPÿҥW-O&WKuFyNKRҧQJQѭӟFWURQJWKӏWӣ GҥQJÿiYjOrQWӟLNKLQKLӋWÿӝJLҧP[XӕQJ-2°C 1ӗQJÿӝFiFFKҩWKRjWDQWURQJQѭӟFchѭDÿ{QJWăQJOrQGRÿyOjPFKRQKLӋWÿӝFjQJJLҧPKѫQӢ ÿLӇPѫWHFWLGXQJGӏFKOjEmRKRjFKҩWWDQYjÿiFQJÿyQJUҳQ 9ұ\OjӣWUrQQKLӋWÿӝѫWHFWLWURQJWKӏWWӗQWҥLFiFYQJWURQJÿySKD OӓQJFKӭDFiFFKҩWKRjWDQUҩWÿұPÿһFӞQKLӋWÿӝOҥQKÿ{QJWK{QJWKѭӡQgWӯ-20°C ÿӃQ-& QѭӟFÿ{QJOҥLOjPFKRQӗQJÿӝFiFFKҩWKRjWDQWURQJQѭӟFFKѭDÿ{QJWăQJOrQOҫQ7URQJYQJFyPһWGXQJGӏFKnày thì protein ELӃQWtQKFjQJPҥQKPӁGR WăQJOӵFLRQYjdo pH WKD\ÿәLĈӝWUtFKO\FӫDactomiozin ӣWKӏWÿmÿѭӧFOjPÿ{QJOҥQKYjÿѭӧFEҧRTXҧQӣQKLӋWÿӝ-30°C WKӵFWӃNK{QJFyJuWKD\ÿәL1JѭӧFOҥLWURQJWKӏWÿѭӧFEҧRTXҧQJLӳD- l,5°C và -20°C actomiozin WUӣ QrQ NKy WUtFK O\ KѫQ&y KLӋQ WѭӧQJQj\ Oj do actomiozin EӏJLҧLWUQJKӧSWKjQK*- actin và MiozinWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJFyWUѭӡQJOӵFLRQFDRKDL FKҩW FXӕL Qj\ VӁ WҥR UD QKӳQJ WұS KӧS NK{QJ KRj WDQ &iF WұS KӧS JLӳDactomozin và acid EpRFNJQJÿѭӧc WҥRUDWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSQj\
Quá trình FҩSÿ{QJWKӏWYjEҧRTXҧQFNJQJFyWKӇOjPҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQWӃEjR.KLNӃWÿ{QJFKұPWKuFiFWLQKWKӇQѭӟFÿiOӟQVӁWҥRUDӣWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJQJRҥLEjRÈSVXҩWWKҭPWKҩXNKӣLÿҫXFӫDQyEpKѫQFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJQӝLEjRQrQQѭӟFVӁFKX\ӇQWӯP{LWUѭӡQJQӝLEjRUDP{LWUѭӡQJQJRҥLEjR/ұSWӭc, lӵc ion trong môi WUѭӡQJQӝLEjRWăQJOrQÿiQJÿӇFiFSURWHLQEӏELӃQWtQKGRWӃEjREӏҧQKKѭӣQJYӅFҩXWU~F
Trang 25Hình 3ҦQKKѭӣQJWKӡLJLDQOrQFKҩWOѭӧQJVҧQSKҭP
.KLOjPOҥQKQKDQKVӁOjPUDQKLӅXWLQKWKӇQѭӟFÿiӣWURQJWKӏWYjGRÿyVӵFKX\ӇQQѭӟFJLӳDP{LWUѭӡQJQӝLEjRYjQJRҥLEjROjWӕi WKLӇXO~FQj\VӵELӃQWtQKSURWHLQOjNK{QJOӟQ9uWKӃF{QJQJKӋOҥQKÿ{QJKLӋQÿҥLѭXWLrQFKRTXiWUuQKFҩSÿ{QJQKDQK
Hình 4ҦQKKѭӣQJQKLӋWÿӝÿӃQWKӡLJLDQEҧRTXҧQ
.ӃWTXҧTXiWUuQKQj\ÿyNKҧQăQJJLӳQѭӟFEӏJLҧPVӵFKҧ\GӏFK[XҩWKLӋQ
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7ҥLKDLQăPÿҫXWLrQWURQJPjQJWKҩPR[\YjQăPVDXÿyWURQJFiFJyLFKkQNK{QJNtQNK{QJNKt1JѭӡLWDFyWKӇJLҧÿӏQKUҵQJWKӡLKҥQVӱGөQJFӫDWKӏWOӧQWURQJTXiWUuQKEҧR TXҧQÿ{QJOҥQKVӁӣÿkXÿyWURQJNKRҧQJWӯ- 10 tháng ÿӃQ QăP 7X\QKLrQNK{QJFy KѭӟQJGүQU}UjQJ YӅ WKӡLJLDQEҧR TXҧQ OLrQTXDQ ÿӃQ FiF VҧQ SKҭP WKӏW OӧQ NKiF QKDX FҳW JLҧP tW QKLӅX FKҩW EpR