quy trình thu mua nguyên vật liệu và báo giá sản phẩm tại công Ty Tam Long, cung cấp các dịch vụ thiết yếu như là gia công, chế tác
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE FREIGHT FORWARDING
Theoretical background
According to the FIATA: "Freight Forwarding" means services of any kind relating to the carriage (performed by single mode or multimodal transport means), consolidation, storage, handling, packing or distribution of the goods as well as ancillary and advisory services in connection therewith, including but not limited to customs and fiscal matters, declaring the goods for official purposes, procuring insurance of the goods and collecting or procuring payment or documents relating to the goods Freight forwarding services also include logistical services with modern information and communication technology in connection with the carriage, handling or storage of the goods, and the factor total supply chain management. These services can be tailored to meet the flexible application of the services provided.”
According to Vietnam Commercial law 1997 Article 163 – Freight forwarding service is a commercial act whereby a person providing freight forwarding services receives goods from the senders, organizes the transportation, storage, handling of goods, paperwork, and other related services to deliver the goods to the consignee under the consignment of the shipper, the carrier or another forwarding service provider.
1.1.2 The function of freight forwarding
Freight Forwarding, also known as a Forwarder, is an essential service in the transportation industry that helps companies optimize the process of transporting goods A Freight Forwarder acts as an intermediary between transportation companies (such as shipping lines or airlines) and businesses that need to import or export goods.
Specifically, a Freight Forwarder manages all aspects of the transportation process, from storing goods before shipment to ensuring the goods pass through customs. They do not physically transport the goods themselves but establish relationships with transportation companies to plan each step of the shipment on behalf of the customer Freight Forwarders work with transportation companies that utilize various modes of transportation, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railways.
The services provided by a Freight Forwarder include document preparation, selecting transportation providers, negotiating freight rates, consolidating cargo, managing inventory, and handling insurance claims when necessary The important stages of the transportation process include Export Haulage, Main Transportation, Customs, and Import Haulage.
Freight Forwarders play a crucial role in simplifying the transportation process, reducing costs, and ensuring logistical efficiency They are often referred to as
"architects of transportation" by the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (FIATA)(1).
1.1.3 Parties engaged in freight forwarding activities
- Buyer: The buyer named in the commercial contract
- Seller: The person who sells goods in a commercial contract
- Shipper: The person who sends the goods, signs a contract of carriage with the freight forwarder
- Shipping line: travels goods from the place of delivery to the point of receipt in accordance with the terms of the carriage contract.
- Forwarder: The person in charge of handling the shipment's import-related formalities and delivering it to the consignee.
- Consignee: The person who is entitled to receive the goods.
- Customs: The party examines and validates the shipment's customs clearance
According to the 2005 Commercial Law, Article 2,3, the regulations on importation are defined as follows: "Importation of goods refers to the act of bringing goods into the territory of Vietnam from foreign countries or from special areas considered as separate customs territories according to the provisions of the law."
Under domestic economic and social circumstances and international accords adhered to by Vietnam, the government establishes restricted export and import item lists Additionally, it maintains a catalog of goods requiring permits for import and export, which are issued by authorized state entities along with the associated procedures.
Importation involves the exchange of goods between multiple countries on an international scale It is a structured process where buyers and sellers engage in trade relationships, exchanging goods for currency Unlike individual trading, importation operates as a system involving transactions between parties that culminate in the negotiation and execution of a contract for the purchase and sale of goods.
FCL is a term used in sea freight to describe shipments that consist of a “full container load,” or a shipment that only has one consignee in a single container and is not being shared with other shippers Standard container sizes are 20’ and 40’ containers; both sizes offer standard and high cube sizing.(3)
The full form of FCL is ‘Full Container Load’, it is a container that is for the use of a single consignee In international shipping, an FCL means a single container that is booked by the shipper exclusively for the transportation of their cargo only The shipper doesn’t have to share the container with cargo booked by other shippers.This enhances security and simplifies ocean freight logistics management.
Related documents
A sales contract is a legally binding document between a buyer and seller The document includes the details of the exchange, the terms of sale, clear product or service descriptions and more A good sales contract should leave no doubt in either party’s mind about their rights and obligations during a transaction. (4)
A sales contract plays a pivotal role in ensuring transparency and legal protection in business transactions It delineates the responsibilities and expectations of both parties, forming a binding agreement This contract safeguards the interests of buyers and sellers by preventing deviations from agreed-upon terms and providing a legally enforceable framework for fulfilling obligations.
Bill of lading (B/L) is an important document in the field of maritime transport.
A bill of lading is often used to confirm the delivery of goods from the seller (exporter) to the buyer (importer) and serves as evidence of ownership or right to transport the goods. c, Commercial invoice
Commercial Invoice is the basic document of the payment stage, is the seller's request to the buyer to pay the amount of goods stated on the invoice Unlike the bill of lading, the commercial invoice does not indicate the ownership of cargoes not does it carry a title to the cargoes being sold In international trade, a commercial invoice should be clear and include all of the relevant information The kinds of information that should be in a commercial invoice are:
- Number of units or items
- Country or territory of origin
- Description of the items being sold
- Purpose and name of items
Shippers publish a packing list, which is an inventory of all the items that need to be packaged (in boxes, containers, etc.) Name of seller, name of buyer, invoice number, name of products, port of loading, final destination, carrier, and weight of goods are all listed on the packing list The packing list is issued by the producer/exporter when packing the goods e, Certificate of origin
A certificate of origin (CO) is a document declaring in which country a commodity or good was manufactured The certificate of origin contains information regarding the product, its destination, and the country of export. For example, a good may be marked "Made in the USA" or "Made in China".
Required by many treaty agreements for cross-border trade, the CO is an important form because it can help determine whether certain goods are eligible for import, or whether goods are subject to duties. f, Arrival notice
An arrival notice is a document or notification that informs the recipient(consignee) about the impending arrival of a shipment at its destination It includes details such as shipment information, expected arrival date and time,arrival location, delivery instructions, and any outstanding charges or fees The notice helps the consignee prepare for the arrival, make necessary arrangements, and facilitates smooth coordination between the parties involved. g, Value Added Tax Invoice
VAT invoice is a document used in many countries to record transactions involving the collection of VAT VAT is a consumption tax applied to a wide range of goods and services at various stages of production and distribution, and it is based on the value added within the supply chain. h, Delivery order
Delivery Order is a document issued by a shipping line used to receive goods received by the importer to present to the warehouse supervision agency (port of destination) before being able to withdraw goods from containers, warehouses or yards, In order to obtain the goods, the consignee is required to have this document. i, Customs declaration
Customs Declaration, a crucial document in international trade, serves as the official record of goods being imported or exported It provides comprehensive details, including the type of goods, their value, country of origin, and other pertinent information This declaration facilitates the customs inspection process, enabling authorities to assess and collect appropriate duties on the imported/exported goods.
An Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR) is a document that is issued by a carrier or its respective agent to the cargo owner, when a container is moved from one location to another These locations are often referred to as interchange points and can be between vessels, depots, yards or terminals.
Theoretical process of importing FCL shipment
Figure 1.1 : the freight forwarding process of imported FCL shipment
Source: Material of Logistics services
Step 1: Determine the goods to be imported
In this step, you need to determine the category of goods you intend to import, whether they fall into a specific industry group, whether they are prohibited items, or if they require an import license Additionally, you should check if the goods require compliance with standards or specialized inspections in the industry This step involves identifying and specifying the goods that are planned to be imported.
It includes determining the quantity, specifications, and any necessary documentation requirements for the goods.
Step 2: Receiving and checking the imformation set of documents
Determine the goods to be imported
Receiving and checking the imformation set of documents
Receiving Arrival notice from shipping line
Declaring Cargo manifest to receive the imported FCL shipment
Submitting documents to shipping line and receiving D/O
Taking cargoes out to of the container Accounting and saving documents
The freight forwarder receives a set of documents from the forwarder agent. These documents include the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading (B/ L), and any other required documentation The freight forwarder will then check all documents to ensure that everything is in order and there are no errors or discrepancies.
Step 3: Receiving Arrival notice from shipping line
The shipping company will issue an A/N to the forwarder to notify the goods of arrival The A/N provides important information such as the vessel name, arrival date, and container number This information helps the freight forwarder prepare for the arrival of the shipment.
Step 4: Declaring Cargo manifest to receive the imported FCL shipment
Declaring Cargo Manifest to receive the imported FCL shipment The freight forwarder declares the Cargo Manifest to the customs authorities to receive the Full Container Load (FCL) shipment This involves providing detailed information about the imported goods, including their description, quantity, value, and country of origin After that, the system will proceed to classify stream (Green stream, yellow stream and red stream)
Step 5: Customs declaration and clearance
To ensure seamless international trade, freight forwarders play a crucial role in facilitating customs clearance They meticulously compile and submit essential declaration documents to customs authorities, such as commercial invoices, packing lists, and pertinent permits/licenses Upon receipt, customs officials meticulously scrutinize the declaration, evaluating applicable duties and taxes, thereby paving the way for the lawful release of goods for subsequent handling.
Step 6: Submitting documents to shipping line and receiving D/O
To acquire a delivery order (D/O), freight forwarders must submit a complete set of documents to the shipping line These documents include the bill of lading (B/L), which serves as proof of the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier The freight forwarder also submits other relevant documentation, such as the commercial invoice, packing list, and any necessary permits or licenses Upon receipt of these documents, the shipping line issues the D/O, which authorizes the freight forwarder to retrieve the container from the designated container yard (CY).
- Copy of ID card or passport
- Original bill of lading with company endorsement stamp
Step 7: Bringing D/O to the C/Y and take the container
With the D/O in hand, the freight forwarder goes to the designated container yard (CY) and presents the document to the yard personnel They locate and retrieve the assigned container and make arrangements for its transport to the consignee's desired location At this time, businesses must pay attention to the following two issues:
- Vehicles to bring goods back
- Warehouses and yards to preserve goods
*Note: Businesses must ensure the validity of the delivery order, otherwise the business must work again with the shipping company to extend it.
Step 8: Taking cargoes out to of the container
In this step, the freight forwarder unloads the goods from the container at the designated location They ensure proper handling, storage, and may perform any necessary inspections or quality checks to ensure the goods are in satisfactory condition.
Step 9: Accounting and saving documents
The freight forwarder performs accounting procedures related to the shipment,ensuring that all costs and charges are properly recorded They also save and maintain copies of all relevant documents for their records and for future reference,such as audits or inquiries.Storage period is at least 5 years.
INTRODUCTION OF SEAWIND TRANSPORT VIET NAM LIMITED COMPANY
Company’s profile
Established in 2013, up to now, Seawind has been providing more than 100 customers with professional Logistics services Seawind always upholds honesty and puts customers' interests first The company is also one of the few Forwarder companies that has been granted a certificate of eligibility to operate as a Customs Clearance Agent by the General Department of Customs.
Seawind, with its headquarters in Hai Phong, a strategic sea trade hub in northern Vietnam, specializes in providing comprehensive logistics solutions The company's services encompass Customs Agency, Freight Forwarding (sea, road, and air), and a range of auxiliary services.
Figure 2.1 Logo of Seawind Transport Viet Nam limited company
Address: 57 Bui Thi Tu Nhien, Dong Hai 1, Hai An, Hai Phong
As a Customs Broker in Hai Phong, Seawind aims to become the leading Customs Agent in Vietnam, to "Help enterprises understand Vietnamese laws in the field of Import and Export in general and Customs clearance procedures in particular" With a team of experienced staff, over the past 10 years, Seawind has provided more than 100 customers with quality service with the trust always put first.
To become a global forwarding company and a leader in the Customs Brokerage field Additionally, Seawind aims to be a high-quality human resource supply center in the logistics industry, assisting 1000 businesses in understanding and complying with Vietnamese laws and regulations in the import-export sector.
To widely disseminate legal knowledge related to the logistics industry in general and customs procedures in particular Seawind provides training to the staff of 1000 import-export businesses on Customs Law and procedures related to international and domestic cargo transportation.
According to CEO Vu Hai Thanh, "Honesty is a valuable quality that every Seawind employee must possess Other qualities are secondary and not as important." Seawind prioritizes building trust with customers and partners.
Seawind aims to develop as a Customs Brokerage agency, leveraging the knowledge and experience of its staff and leadership to become a leading
As a leading Customs Brokerage agency in the region, the company serves as a vital partner for businesses in the import-export industry Recognizing the critical need for qualified logistics professionals, the agency has expanded its services to include comprehensive training in logistics knowledge and best practices This initiative aims to empower staff with a deep understanding of Vietnamese laws and customs regulations, fostering compliance and contributing to the development of a skilled workforce By nurturing the next generation of logistics professionals, the agency plays a key role in enhancing the competitiveness of the Vietnamese logistics sector and unlocking its full potential.
Company’s services
With relationships established with numerous reputable and major shipping lines such as NYK, SITC, Benline, One, Evergreen, APL, MSC, Yangming, along with an extensive network of agents worldwide, particularly in China, Seawind offers customers competitive and reasonable freight rates This ensures efficient and cost- effective transportation of goods from Vietnam to destinations worldwide and vice versa.
With many years of experience in the air freight forwarding industry and as a partner of numerous domestic and international airlines, Seawind is fully capable of meeting all customer needs with various types of cargo: dangerous goods (DG cargo), perishable goods (vegetables, food), and more Seawind can handle shipments to and from major and minor international airports worldwide from Vietnam.
With flexible pricing based on weight ranging from 1-1000kg and a wide range of services from different airlines, Seawind will provide advice and propose solutions to customers with various options and the most suitable cost-effective approach.
Road transportation is one of the core services provided by Seawind The company specializes in serving customers from manufacturing, trading, import-export industries who require goods transportation via trucks or containers on the road.Seawind caters to the needs of manufacturers and import-export businesses, whether it's delivering goods from ports to their own warehouses or vice versa As a reputable and responsible service provider, Seawind ensures it can meet the requirements of its partners and customers.
Customs procedures, integral to international trade, are often prone to unexpected challenges To navigate these complexities effectively, customs clearance teams must be equipped with comprehensive knowledge, extensive experience, and adaptability This expertise enables them to resolve issues promptly and ensure smooth import and export processes.
As a Customs Brokerage agency, SEAWIND offers high-quality customs clearance services in Hai Phong, covering everything from consultation to implementation, ensuring the smoothest and most convenient customs clearance process The services include:
Customs clearance for import-export goods:
-Receiving documents from customers and customs declaration (both full container load and less than container load).
-Conducting cargo inspections when required by customs authorities.
-Particularly, SEAWIND handles customs clearance procedures for all types of import-export goods, including commercial goods, aid goods, project goods, exhibition goods, transit goods, temporary import-re-export goods, temporary export-re-import goods, and non-commercial goods.
-Obtaining carrier instructions, providing professional customs consultation.
-Handling import-export tax payments and customs security deposits as per customs regulations.
-Arranging cargo insurance for shipments.
-Assisting with customs gate and warehouse procedures to ensure quick cargo retrieval.
-Handling specialized inspections and certifications related to specific goods, such as vehicle registration, quarantine checks, fumigation, etc.
-Transporting goods to the consignee's warehouse.
-Advising on customs declaration, customs tariff, and related tax policies.
-Offering HS code advice for goods and calculating taxes for shipments.
-Advising on cargo insurance for shipments.
According to customer requirements, Seawind Logistics provides storage and warehousing services in the following forms: Ton/month, M2/month, Container/day, and full warehouse lease The company offers Customs Bonded Warehouse Management services for commercial banks The main types of warehouses include customs bonded warehouses and regular warehouses suitable for items such as household appliances, paper, and electronic equipment Manual cargo handling is performed based on the nature and type of goods, while forklifts are used for loading and unloading based on the nature, type, and volume of goods.
Logistics is the optimization of the transportation of goods from production to the end consumer It involves planning, implementing, and controlling the flow of goods or related information, including raw materials and finished products, from the point of origin to the point of consumption The logistics industry requires highly skilled professionals Logistics training provides students with in-depth knowledge of logistics, including logistics economics, transportation law, logistics management, supply chain management, and more Graduates with strong planning,coordination, calculation, and communication skills have numerous employment opportunities.
Seawind's specialized training in supply chain management encompasses end-to-end transportation and optimization techniques, focusing on cost and time efficiency Students gain expertise in multimodal transportation and logistics, learning to plan, organize, and manage services across various modes (road, rail, sea, air) Through practical activities and international marketing knowledge, they develop the skills to analyze cargo flows, meet customer needs, and manage distribution processes, ultimately enhancing their ability to optimize supply chains.
Seawind provides a range of services, including supplier search, contract negotiation and signing, document preparation, insurance, inspection,classification analysis, packaging organization, storage, transportation vehicle rental, customs declaration, receiving goods from the origin, and delivering goods to the designated destination as per the client's instructions The company's philosophy is to "maximize time and cost savings for customers," enabling clients to gain a competitive advantage and focus their resources on core business activities.
Organizational structure
As a specialized service company, Seawind Transport VietNam Limited Company may not have a large workforce, but all members are closely interconnected Each person is assigned a clear and specific task, linking the work of each individual into a collective effort for the entire company The activities of each member in the company are guided and supervised by the Director, with a streamlined and simple organizational structure that operates effectively.
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the highest-ranking executive in a company The main responsibilities of the CEO include:
-Setting goals and strategic direction: The CEO is responsible for establishing the company's goals and strategic direction by making important decisions, managing the overall operations and resources of the company.
-Building a high-level Leadership Team: The CEO creates a strong and responsive leadership team that meets the company's needs, leading and supporting team members.
-Establishing Vision, Values, and Corporate Culture: The CEO develops the company's vision, values, and corporate culture.
-Building corporate values and culture: The CEO works on building the values and culture of the company.
-Monitoring company operations: The CEO monitors the company's activities to ensure the implementation of approved business plans and oversees the day-to-day operations of the company.
The Accounting Department performs its functions in three main areas:
-Financial management and accounting: This includes managing financial activities, accounting tasks, and monitoring the utilization of capital, funds, and assets within the company.
-Guidance and supervision: The department provides guidance, checks, and urges the compliance with current financial and accounting regulations by relevant units, departments, or individuals.
-Seeking and exploiting funding sources: The department searches for and utilizes funding sources to meet the investment, development, and business production needs of the company.
The requirements for the position include a university degree in finance and accounting, industry experience, attention to detail, and meticulousness.
The responsibilities of the Operations Department vary depending on the specific operations of each business or import-export establishment However, in general, the on-site Logistics staff is responsible for the following tasks:
-Handling import and export documentation: The Logistics staff is responsible for receiving or delivering all types of documents related to import and export from relevant departments Additionally, they are responsible for handling procedures related to taxation, customs declarations, and other necessary documents for import and export activities.
-Liaising with customers and suppliers: The Logistics staff regularly communicates with customers and transportation service providers to complete procedures for upcoming shipments, ensuring that the import-export process is conducted quickly and efficiently.
-Coordinating shipment orders: The staff is responsible for coordinating the warehouses or containers to customers or designated areas as directed by superiors.
-Managing inventory changes: The Logistics staff oversees and monitors all activities related to changes in the quantity of goods in the company's warehouses.
-Interacting with relevant authorities: They liaise and work with agencies and entities involved in import-export activities, ensuring the rights and benefits of the company and customers, such as insurance agencies, inspection agencies, quarantine authorities, and fumigation services They also handle relevant procedures.
-Reporting and documentation: The staff prepares daily and weekly reports, summarizes work processes, identifies issues, difficulties, and necessary proposals, and submits them to higher authorities for review, approval, and adjustments for future operations.
The requirements for the position include proficiency in office computing, good health, basic knowledge of customs procedures, handling orders, and freight procedures Strong communication and problem-solving skills, time management and organizing abilities, the ability to work independently and as part of a team are also necessary.- Làm vi c t t theo nhóm.ệc tốt theo nhóm ốt theo nhóm.
-Contact suppliers, customers, shipping lines, and transport companies to schedule shipments according to work deadlines.
-Prepare import-export documents, including international trade contracts, commercial invoices, purchase orders, packing lists, delivery orders, etc.
-Prepare documents and records related to goods, such as certificates of origin(C/O), inspection sampling for special goods, and provide information and support to customers and shipping lines for document preparation.
-Handle other documents and records such as House Bill, Telex Release (if necessary), container and warehouse rental contracts, etc.
-Monitor various fees such as DEM/DET fees, cleaning fees, container transport fees, etc.
-Prepare international payment documents in appropriate forms (L/C, T/T, D/
-Classify and store documents in an organized and easily retrievable manner. -Arrange shipment schedules for upcoming customers.
-Monitor and control shipment and delivery schedules, resolve issues that arise during transportation, customs clearance, and other matters related to trucking and warehouse operations.
-Work with foreign agents on transportation, freight information, pricing, and other related issues.
-Coordinate with the accounting department and other relevant departments to ensure timely delivery of goods.
-Perform other tasks such as collecting invoices and documents, delivering documents to customers, supervising container loading, etc.
Requirements: Graduation in logistics, international business, or related fields, proficient in office computing, good command of English, ability to understand and interpret documents, strong communication skills Basic knowledge of customs procedures, order processing, and cargo handling Flexible communication and problem-solving skills, attention to detail in work, ability to work under pressure
Sales Logistics Staff are individuals who work in logistics companies or in the logistics department of an organization They are responsible for seeking and persuading customers to use logistics services, providing freight rates and related transportation costs, assisting in coordination, planning, and execution, and monitoring supply chain activities within an organization Specifically, their responsibilities include:
-Prospecting for customers through promoting and introducing the company's transportation services.
-Regularly contacting and caring for customers, providing pricing support, and offering service incentives to customers.
-Providing support to the logistics team to ensure that all outgoing and incoming shipments are not damaged or misrouted.
-Requesting customers to confirm orders and coordinating external orders with shipping carriers or brokers.
-Working with carriers to coordinate return shipments and managing electronic transportation files.
Requirements: College degree or higher, good communication skills, proficiency in office computing, dedication to work,…
The tasks of the human resources department typically involve personnel management and employee care within an organization Here are some basic responsibilities of the human resources department:
-Recruitment and selection of employees: The human resources department carries out the recruitment process, posts job advertisements, receives and evaluates candidates, conducts interviews, and checks relevant documents. The goal is to find the most suitable candidates for the job requirements.
-Employee information management: The human resources department maintains and updates information about employees, including personal records, employment contracts, salary and benefits information, and other personnel management-related issues.
The human resources department plays a crucial role in labor relations management, fostering a positive work environment and facilitating the resolution of labor disputes By promoting fairness and trust among employees, HR ensures a harmonious work atmosphere that contributes to organizational success.
Through comprehensive training and development programs, HR departments empower employees by upgrading their capabilities and proficiencies These programs encompass a wide range of offerings, from technical training to interpersonal skill development, mentoring initiatives, and opportunities for personal growth By investing in their workforce, organizations leverage these programs to improve employee performance, foster a culture of continuous learning, and drive business success.
-Performance management and employee evaluation: The human resources department participates in the employee performance evaluation process,including goal setting, progress monitoring, performance assessment, and providing feedback This helps ensure that employees operate effectively and contribute to organizational goals.
The role and position of Seawind trans in the supply chain
Seawind Company plays a crucial role in the field of logistics With its ability to organize and coordinate the transportation of goods, Seawind ensures efficient shipment from the point of origin to the destination They make transportation bookings, handle loading and unloading, and manage shipping by sea, air, road, or rail Additionally, the company plays a significant role in customs procedures and related documentation They act as a link between customers and government authorities, ensuring compliance with legal regulations and helping customers save time and effort Moreover, Seawind often participates in supply chain management, monitoring and controlling the flow of goods, scheduling transportation, and managing warehouses They also provide consulting services and logistics solutions, helping customers optimize transportation processes and reduce costs Furthermore, the company offers cargo insurance services to protect customers from risks during transportation With such diverse and specialized roles, Seawind is one of the few Forwarding companies certified by the General Department of Customs to meet the requirements ofCustoms Brokerage and is a member of the Hai Phong Logistics Association.
Main Partner
Established in 2013, Seawind has been providing professional logistics services to over 100 customers to date Seawind places a strong emphasis on honesty and prioritizes the interests of its customers Here are some notable customers of the company:
- Address : Me Ha Village, Yen Phu Commune, Yen My District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam
Figure 2.3 Logo of Kosei International co.,ltd
Source : https://kosei.com.vn/
DUNG DONG PRODUCTION TRADING AND INVESTMENT COMPANY LIMITED
- Address: Lot N10-2, concentrated craft village production cluster, Tan Trieu X, Thanh Tri District, Hanoi
- Address : No 163, Phan Dang Luu Street, Ward 01, Phu Nhuan District,
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
DINH VU PORT INVESTMENT & DEVELOPMENT JOINT STOCK COMPANY
- Address : Dinh Vu Port - Dong Hai 2 Ward - Hai An District - City Hai Phong
Figure 2.4 Logo of Dinh Vu Port Source : https://www.dinhvuport.com.vn/
MINH PHAT TECHNOLOGY AND TRADING COMPANY LIMITED
- Adress : No 85 Vinh Tuy Street, Vinh Tuy Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi City
Figure 2.5 Logo of Minh Phat Technology And Trading Company Limited
TUAN ANH TRADING AND PRODUCTION INVESTMENT JOINT STOCK COMPANY
- Address : No 577 Truong Chinh, Quan Tru Ward, Kien An District, Hai Phong City, Vietnam
Figure 2.6 Logo of Tuan Anh Investment Jsc
KOREA MARINE (VIET NAM) TRANSPORT CO.,LTD ( HAI PHONG OFFICE)
- Address : 3rd Floor, Area D, Harbor View Building, No 4 Tran Phu, Ngo Quyen District, Hai Phong
Figure 2.7 Logo of KMTCSource : https://projectshipping.vn/hang-tau-kmtc/
Business Activities
Seawind Company was established in 2013, and over the past 10 years, the company has gained extensive experience in dealing with market fluctuations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic With the determination and expertise of its members, the company has continued to grow and generate significant profits, making the logistics process an integral part of its operations and playing a crucial role in the company's development.
Profit from delivery activities Column1
Figure 2.8 Profits from delivery activities
Based on the data above, we can see that the profit from the import-export logistics operations of the company has consistently increased over the years and has become a significant portion of the company's total profits.
In 2020: The profit from logistics operations reached 455,627,000 VND, accounting for 57.07% of the company's total profits.
In 2021, Seawind Transport Vietnam's logistics operations accounted for a significant 50.60% of the company's total profits This represented a substantial increase compared to 2020, with profits growing to 635,980,000 VND This growth has established logistics operations as the primary revenue generator for Seawind Transport Vietnam.
In 2022: The profit from logistics operations continued to increase, reaching 873,675,000 VND, surpassing 237,695,000 VND compared to 2021, and it gradually became the main source of profits for the company, accounting for 60.84% of the total profits.
These results are achieved due to the growing development of the company's import logistics operations The number of transactions and the value of these transactions are increasing As a result, the company's reputation is strengthening, making Seawind one of the leading customs brokerage firms in Hai Phong city.
2.8.Practical the freight forwarding process of imported FCL shipment at Seawind Transport Viet Nam limited company
2.8.1 The freight forwarding process of imported FCL shipment at Seawind Transport Viet Nam limited company
TABLE 2.1 : The freight forwarding process of import fcl shipment at seawind transport viet nam limited company
No Activities Related staff Related document
1 Determine the goods to be imported
2 Receiving and checking the imformation set of documents
Sale contract Bill of lading Commercial invoice Certificate of origin Packing lists
3 Receiving Arrival notice from shipping line
4 Declaring Cargo manifest to receive the imported FCL shipment
6 Submitting documents to shipping line and receiving D/
7 Bringing D/O to the C/Y and take the container
8 Taking cargoes out to of the container
Returning emty containers to the shipping company
Sale contract Bill of lading Commercial invoice Certificate of origin Packing lists
Customs declarationDelivery orderEIR
2.8.2 Description of freight forwarding process of imported FCL shipment at Seawind Transport Viet Nam limited company
Step 1: Determine the goods to be imported
After receiving an order from a customer, Seawind will determine the type of imported goods At this stage, the company needs to identify: which industry category the goods they intend to import belong to? whether they are prohibited items? whether they require an import license? whether they need to comply with standards and regulations? or whether they require specialized inspections? Once the information has been determined, Seawind will advise the customer on the necessary procedures, documents, and fees, while also contacting the exporter to obtain relevant paperwork.
Step 2: Receiving and checking the imformation set of documents
After finalizing the shipment with the customer, the Sales staff transfers the file or prints the necessary documents for the Documentation staff to verify the information In some cases, customers may send physical documents instead of electronic files, the Documentation staff then proceeds to create a file for the shipment.
The Documentation staff carefully checks the information on each document, which is a relatively straightforward but crucial step for the subsequent stages of the import process They review the following documents:
-Sales Contract: Verify the contract number, date, payment method, delivery terms, and product information.
-Commercial Invoice: Check the invoice number, delivery terms, unit price, and total value.
-Packing list: Inspect the weight, volume, number of packages, and packaging method.
When examining a Bill of Lading, meticulously review its critical elements: bill of lading number, date and place of issuance, vessel name, voyage number, container and seal numbers, and weight Additionally, determine its authenticity by verifying if it is an original or a surrendered/telex released document.
-Certificate of Origin (C/O), if applicable: Verify the origin of the goods.
To maintain data integrity, the Documentation team meticulously cross-checks document information for consistency and validity Should any documents be lacking or compromised, they promptly notify the Sales department and request the customer's assistance in providing missing or revised documentation to ensure a comprehensive and accurate record.
Step 3: Receiving Arrival notice from shipping line
After the shipping line estimates the shipment will arrive at the destination port, they will issue a Notice of Arrival to the Seawind company 2 days in advance The Arrival Notice will contain the following information:
Vessel name and voyage number
Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
Bill of lading (BL) number
The operation and documenttion staff will then review the A/N and send it to the import company The import company will use this information to prepare for the arrival of their shipment, such as arranging for customs clearance and transportation to their warehouse In particular, for items that require specialized inspection such as: food, machinery Documentation staff at seawind will register for specialized inspection for that item.
Step 4: Declaring Cargo manifest to receive the imported FCL shipment
A manifest is a system that receives declarations of commodities and shipment receive an arrival notice (also known as an Arrival Notice) when the consignment arrives at the port Seawind is responsible for declaring declarations on the government system The bill of lading number, the quantity of goods, the shipment's information, the ship's departure date, and the shipping release date are among the shipment details that must be stated How much does the order cost? There is no doubt that the data used for the customs declaration and the exporter's cargo details must correspond The shipping line will file a manifest for the Master Bill of Lading, and Seawind will file one for the House Bill of Lading.
Before going to the customs office to complete procedures, seawind will declare via electronic customs on the customs electronic network Procedures staff will transmit the customs declaration through ECUSS5 software To transmit the declaration, the following documents are required:
The documentation staff will declare fully, accurately and clearly the name and product code, unit of measure, quantity, weight, quality, origin, unit price, customs value, and tax rates and other criteria specified in the customs declaration, self- calculate to determine the amount of tax and other revenues payable to the state budget and be responsible before the law for the declared contents.
After the Documentation staff completes the declaration, the customs network system automatically receives the files and categorizes the goods for further processing:
Green stream: Goods are cleared quickly, without needing to check detailed documents and the actual status of the goods.
Practical process of imported Spun Polyester Yarn shipments at the
Step 1: Determine the goods to be imported
After receiving an order from Dung Dong Manufacturing Trading And Investment Company Limited, Seawind will determine good that the imported for the company is Spun Polyester Yarn - a type of fiber used in the textile industry Based on the current import-export policies of Vietnam (2021), Spun Polyester Yarn is not listed as a prohibited or restricted item for import-export, nor does it require specialized inspections Therefore, the company can easily proceed with the importation like other regular goods However, this product is susceptible to issues such as incorrect Certificate of Origin (C/O) or price consultation Once the information is identified, Seawind will advise the customer on the necessary procedures, documents, and fees, while also contacting the exporter to obtain the relevant paperwork.
Step 2: Receiving and checking the imformation set of documents
Upon receipt of customer documentation, Seawind's documentation team verifies all pertinent documents, including the bill of lading, sales contract, certificate of origin, commercial invoice, and packing lists.
In addition, the Documentation Officer's task is to carefully check and compare information on the Packing List, B/L, C/O, and Sale Contract Below is a list of product information included:
+ Product name: Spun Polyester Yarn
+ Goods description: 100 PERCENT SPUN POLYESTER YARN,
RAW WHITE, 1.25KG/CONE,40S/2 WITH 42MM DYE TUBE
+ Container no./seal no :BMOU4898121/40H/EMCRQDO493/1x40H
+ Service term/term of shipment: CY/CY.
+ Port of loading: Shekou, China
+ Ocean vessel/Voyage no : Tokyo Tower S040
+ Port of discharge: Hai Phong Port, Vietnam
+ Place of delivery: Hai Phong Port, Vietnam
Documentation staff must verify that the consignor and consignee information is correct Then, they need to check details such as quantity and description of goods, unit price, total weight, volume When checking the Packing List, we must check the gross weight, net weight of each item and invoice number.
I Real exporter: Tianjin Polystar Textile Import And Export Co.,Ltd
- Address: 2505,Golden Crown Tower, No.20, Nanjing road, Hexi district,Tianjin, China.
II Real importer: Dung Dong Manufacturing Trading And Investment Company Limited
- Address: Lot N10-2, Tan Trieu centralized trade village production area, Thanh Tri district, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
III Freight forwarder: Seawind Transport VietNam Limited Company
- Address: No.57 Bui Thi Tu Nhien road, Dong Hai 1, Hai An district, Hai Phong, Viet Nam
IV Shipping Line: Evergreen Shipping Agency co., ltd
- Address: No.4 Le Thanh Tong street, May To ward, Ngo Quyen district, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
Step 3: Receiving Arrival notice from shipping line
- The shipper will send an arrival notice to the consignee:
+ The Evergreen Line will send A/N to Seawind
+ Seawind will send A/N to Dung Dong Manufacturing Trading And Investment Company Limited about 2 days before the ship arrives.
Step 4: Declaring Cargo manifest to receive the imported FCL shipment
In this step, the documentation staff will make declarations on ECUS5-VNACCS software Seawind will fill in all information of the shipment into the system including: name, description, HS code 550922, information of related parties,ship departure date and ship arrival date and attach documents related sheet After submitting the declaration, the system reports this order as green channel Therefore, when picking up the goods, there will be no need to check the actual status of the order.
Step 5: Customs declaration and clearance
Having completed customs declaration on the ECUSS55 system and received the result that Spun Polyester Yard falls under the Green category, there is no need for a full inspection of the product Seawind's on-site staff will print the declaration form and bring the import documents to the Customs Branch at Hai Phong Port, Zone I, to open the declaration The operations personnel will submit the documents and pay the product tax to the Customs authorities The necessary documents include the Bill of Lading (B/L), Sales Contract, Packing List, Commercial Invoice, Notification letter, and Certificate of Origin (C/O). The fees involved here are: Dry Container 40 feet: 500,000 VND and the declaration fee is 20,000 VND per form.
After reviewing the documents, the customs officer will clear the customs declaration At this point, the Seawind staff will pay the import tax for the plastic powder to complete the customs clearance process.
Once the electronic customs declaration is cleared, Seawind's on-site staff will proceed to obtain the barcode on the Vinacss/Vics customs declaration software They will go to the declaration processing results tab and select the option to retrieve the list of vehicle barcodes After providing the company information, they will complete the declaration and receive feedback from the Customs Branch at Hai Phong Port, Zone I, and obtain the list of barcodes through the monitoring area.
Step 6: Submitting documents to shipping line and receiving D/O
After the ship arrives, the sales staff will make a phone call to the shipping company in advance to inquire about the order retrieval fee, container deposit,and whether the shipment is eligible for order release When retrieving theDelivery Order (D/O) from the shipping company, the following documents are required:
The operation staff will go to the Evergreen Line to pay the following fees to obtain the delivery order:
Dry container cleaning fee: 240,000 VND.
Step 7: Bringing D/O to the C/Y and take the container
After completing the customs clearance procedures, the operations staff will assist the driver in going to Hai Phong Port to pick up the container and deliver it to the THT-ELOGISTICS depot The driver will need to present the Delivery Order and introduction letter to the container yard staff in order to receive the container At this stage, the driver will be issued an Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR) to determine the condition of the container before leaving the yard They will record the container's condition, check for any dents, dings, or damages, and determine if they have the authority to accept the container. Additionally, the on-site staff will use the EIR to pay the container unloading fee at the yard The amount to be paid is 1,198,800 VND.
Step 8: Taking cargoes out to of the container
When the driver takes the cargo out of Hai Phong Port, the Seawind operations staff will assist the driver in transporting the goods to the THT-ELOGISTICS depot for unloading At the same time, they will notify Dung Dong company accurately about the timing so that they can arrange manpower to remove the goods from the container Upon arrival at the depot, Seawind will have to pay the container unloading fee, which is 1,350,000 VND The operations staff also need to coordinate with the shipper regarding the time for the shipper to unload the goods from the container and the time for the driver to transport the empty container back to return to the shipping company After receiving the goods, for containerized cargo, the shipper must confirm that they have received the container with the seal intact as indicated on the container inspection form.
Step 9: Accounting and saving documents
After driving the container to the buyer's warehouse and withdrawing the goods, it is necessary to transport the empty container to return to the shipping line When returning the container at the place of return, the container delivery slip must be presented because there are regulations on the place to return the container Next, the driver must go through the procedure of returning the shell at the yard.
After returning the shell, the driver will hand it over to the field staff to confirm the status of the container, the container delivery certificate at the port The otps returns to the shipping line, presenting an EIR confirming the status containers, container delivery papers at the port along with a shell loan application to get back the container shell loan bet If the container is not disturbed, the shipping line will return the loan bet to the field staff Finally, the forwarder refunds the shell bet, pays the fee for the last time with the accounting department, and reports to the import-export department at the end of the shipment
The final step in the entire container delivery process is to complete the documents and store them for 5 years for post-customs clearance inspection.
EVALUATION THE FREIGHT FORWARDING PROCESS OF IMPORT
Advantages of Seawind company
Conveniently situated in Dong Hai, a coastal district, Seawind benefits from its proximity to ports This strategic location minimizes distances between these ports, enabling seamless transportation and exchange of cargo The close proximity streamlines customs transactions, enhancing efficiency and facilitating trade operations.
A positive work environment fosters personal growth, creativity, and job satisfaction It encourages collaboration, knowledge sharing, and mutual support among employees, creating an atmosphere conducive to skill development and continuous learning By fostering a sense of camaraderie and inclusivity, companies empower individuals to reach their full potential.
Seawind Transport Vietnam boasts a highly qualified team of freight forwarding and customs clearance experts Each employee holds a university degree and demonstrates proficiency in English Prior to employment, all candidates undergo an internship to ensure they meet the company's standards The dedicated team maintains a high level of professionalism and reliability, ensuring seamless execution of services.
- As one of the few Forwarder companies granted certification by the General Department of Customs to operate as a customs brokerage agent, Seawind Transport Vietnam Limited Company has more than 100 diverse customers and is a member of the Hai Phong Logistics Association Therefore, Seawind has a wide network, which helps employees to quickly handle customs procedures for shipments and meet customer requirements in the shortest possible time Goods are always delivered to the right place, on time, ensuring quantity and quality throughout the shipping process.
- The lean and flexible organizational structure allows the company to make decisions easily and seek input from employees within the company, thereby creating favorable conditions for the operation and development of the business The company always prioritizes reputation and quality This is reflected in the low inspection rate of goods during customs procedures The company's goods are often exempted from inspection or have a low inspection rate, helping to reduce shipping time and avoid issues that may arise during inspection.
- The processes of freight forwarding are specifically and clearly assigned to employees, facilitating a fast and error-free execution of tasks Each employee will know the specific goals they need to achieve and be empowered and responsible for completing their work on time and accurately In addition, specific task assignments also enhance the proactivity and accountability of each employee Each person will be responsible for their tasks and ensure the progress and quality of their work This encourages focus and commitment to common goals and ensures that all tasks are completed on time and according to specific regulations, resulting in efficient and streamlined work completion.
- Seawind provides a wide range of services ranging from cargo transportation to customs declaration In particular, Seawind offers logistics training courses that help individuals gain a better understanding of practical operations in the processes of a forwarding company and how to handle
Seawind can flexibly meet the diverse needs of customers, ensuring their requirements are effectively and efficiently met.
Limitation of Seawind company
The company's infrastructure has several limitations:
Firstly, the current space of the company may not be spacious enough to accommodate business activities, and the office space is relatively small and cramped Secondly, the infrastructure may be outdated and in need of upgrades Equipment such as computers and projectors occasionally experience slow loading times, which can affect productivity and work efficiency Additionally, this can lead to higher maintenance costs or difficulties in meeting the demands of modern business operations.
Wrongly recorded or missed goods information:
The company sometimes has a large backlog of work and even though it has all the necessary documents, the company does not resolve it promptly, leading to long delays in customs clearance of shipments This causes significant losses to the company, such as increased storage fees.
During the customs clearance process, problems related to documents often arise such as missing or inaccurate information, discrepancies between documents or invalid documents Solving these problems takes a lot of time and incurs unnecessary costs During an internship at Seawind, a document clerk provided the wrong container number to the shipping company, resulting in slow container pick-up and a fine of VND 1,500,000.
Seawind currently does not have a fax number:
Because the company does not have a fax number, there are some limitations in communication and document exchange Currently, some organizations or individuals still believe in using fax machines as the preferred method for exchanging documents Because there is no fax number, the Seawind company will have to find alternative ways to transmit important documents, for example relying solely on email or postal services, which is time-consuming and inefficient At the same time, companies may miss out on potential business or partnership opportunities that rely on fax communication.
Seawind only focuses on one type of service:
Seawind is a global customs brokerage agent, but its operational focus is primarily in Asian countries (especially China and South Korea), rather than fully accessing import-export markets in Europe and Africa Despite offering a diverse range of services, there is an imbalance between these services, with Seawind primarily focusing on customs clearance and import-export operations As a result, other services suffer from neglect and low productivity.
Seawind's policies and incentives do not really attract customers
As a small-scale intermediary, Seawind encounters limitations in price negotiations with shipping lines, resulting in higher freight costs compared to competitors This challenge stems from the company's intermediary role and modest size.
Solution
*Directions for Seawind’s activities in the near future.
To enhance business performance, the company has set a number of goals and development directions as follows:
- Expand foreign transaction relationships with international forwarding organizations, promote Marketing, especially focusing on the Chinese, European, American markets, looking for the possibility of expanding the industry.
- Develop and implement business management mechanisms, price and commission mechanisms, create leverage to promote business, strengthen management to save costs, improve service quality and competitiveness.compete in the market to attract new customers and maintain traditional customers.
- Develop a business strategy for the period 2022-2027 and the following years, focusing on the goal of improving service quality while diversifying service types on the basis of fully exploiting advantages Available strengths in business such as customs declaration and import-export.
- Strengthen training and improve professional qualifications for staff in the industry, promptly update information and freight forwarding situations around the world.
Establish relationships, build and promote brands for services, and expand markets.
Unlike tangible products, they have clear, specific images and labels to distinguish them from similar products The reputation of products and services is often associated with the image of the providing company The company's brand and image are a very important marketing tool Any company that can build its own brand with unique characteristics that attract customers will have a higher competitiveness of that service than its competitors.
Drawing experience from other businesses, Seawind Transport VietNam Limited needs to consolidate and perform well the following specific tasks:
- Contact and propose joint ventures and partnerships with many domestic and foreign partners, expand your business market to minimize downtime during business operations, arrange and assign work Reasonable work to minimize storage time, waiting time in transportation, and save necessary costs.
- Strengthen advertising and marketing Maintain and strengthen cooperative relationships with customs, minimize time to complete administrative procedures, and ensure on-time delivery to customers.
Seawind aims to enhance its customer reputation, drive market share growth, and maintain existing clientele through measures that strengthen relationships with customs The optimization of customs procedures, including reduced completion times and streamlined inspections, not only supports the company's operations but also benefits customers directly.
Diversify international freight forwarding services.
In fact, customer needs are very diverse and abundant Businesses are not able to satisfy all of these needs, but in order to attract more customers and increase sales, they need to diversify the products or services they provide. This diversification will help customers have more choices depending on the specific needs of each stage The economy is increasingly developing, and Vietnam's international trade activities are increasingly vibrant and diverse. The demand for international freight forwarding is also more diverse. Therefore, Seawind Transport Vietnam limited company needs to diversify its international freight forwarding services Furthermore, services are intangible products so it is difficult to evaluate quality Diversifying services and diversifying prices with differentiated quality will help customers easily compare and choose according to their needs and ability to pay.
In order to meet customer needs and optimally exploit the market, in the coming time, the company needs to diversify its services by performing the following tasks:
-Providing additional services such as packaging, labeling, inspection, warehousing, preservation, freight storage, vehicle rental, and distribution of goods with diversified service prices For low prices, delivery time will be longer than for high prices, and other additional services are also different.
Invest more in physical and technical facilities.
Technical facilities are a mandatory condition for the existence of any business.
No business can exist without a headquarters, without a workplace, without technical tools Modern, complete and synchronous facilities will help businesses create quality products and provide perfect services Investing in facilities is an investment for the future, an investment for the long term.
Therefore, Seawind company should invest in the company's computer department because most employees work mainly on computers - improving computers will improve the company's information processing speed Along with that, Seawind should invest in a Fax machine to help transmit information more easily and conveniently
Lessons Learned from the Internship Experienc
Professional knowledge: Understanding the specific job that I may undertake in the future is crucial Knowing the relevant issues and fields associated with the future job is important Being aware of the software and systems related to the industry and having direct exposure to those software programs will help me feel more confident when entering the workforce.
Practical knowledge gained from the work environment rather than theoretical knowledge alone: While studying, we may understand things theoretically, but when we start working, it may not entirely align with what we learned We need to apply the knowledge we have acquired to find the best solutions to problems It is not always right to stick strictly to a predefined approach Some knowledge of economics, social life, and society: When exposed to practical work, it is necessary to explore various aspects related to the job, such as communication skills and computer proficiency Skills acquired during the internship period:
When communicating with superiors, it is important to maintain a calm and confident demeanor when presenting our viewpoints When having different opinions from superiors, it is crucial to handle the situation tactfully and provide suggestions in a diplomatic manner.
With colleagues, one should be friendly, approachable, and willing to listen to everyone's opinions This fosters a smooth and harmonious work environment.
When dealing with customers and partners, one should be attentive and considerate However, when it comes to protecting the company's business interests, it is important not to raise one's voice and to maintain a friendly attitude.
Essential skills acquired during the internship include printing, photocopying documents, filing, and handling paperwork Other skills include answering phone calls and writing emails.
It is important to organize work in a logical and systematic manner, clearly planning the tasks for the day, week, month, and year.
It is necessary to allocate time for handling unexpected tasks or tasks that have been delayed due to various external and internal factors.
Paying special attention to prioritizing tasks, completing urgent tasks first, and considering which tasks can be postponed.
Ability to work independently: Working at a company helps develop the ability to work independently There may be tasks where no one can assist, and any mistakes made have to be borne by oneself.
The current trend of globalization has been going strong, the international division of labor is increasingly deepening, no country can develop without integrating with the general trend of the world today Seawind TransportVietNam Limited was established and has been in operation since 2013 Since its establishment, this company has continuously expanded the scope of providing business services Currently, customs declaration and import-export are the company's main business areas Import is an important sector of the national economy Through exports, people's lives are improved, contributing to accelerating the process of industrialization and modernization of the country.
Through doing this episode and learning about the operation "the freight forwarding process of imported FCL shipment at Seawind Transport Viet Nam Limited Company", I have access to the actual working situation of the company providing shipping services, reviewing and surveying the company's organization and operations, and especially receiving support for the woman working in the FCL manufactured goods department, so she continues to be touched by her work from staff I have learned many things This is the reality that has the deepest meaning for me so I can practice more social skills.
Due to limited time, lack of deep knowledge, and limited social understanding, I have not really researched deeply all aspects of the problem that need to be learned This report is the result of research, understanding and consulting on the company's actual business activities regarding the import process I hope the teachers will advise and guide me to make my report more complete.
(1) https://vietnamhoinhap.vn/vi/phat-trien-kinh-te-xa-hoi-cua-viet-nam- nam-2024-trong-tam-va-giai-phap-46455.htm
(2) What Is Freight Forwarding? Definition, Benefits and Key Stages | Indeed.com
(3) https://guidedimports.com/blog/what-does-fcl-mean/
(4) https://squareup.com/au/en/the-bottom-line/operating-your-business/ sales-contract-definition-benefits-types
(5) Công ty Seawind (seawindtransport.com)
(6) Viettanlaw.com.(2005) Viet Nam Commercial Law-36/2005/QH11 Available from: https://vietlaw.com/36-2005-qh11/
(7) What is Freight Forwarding | Farrow (2016) Retrieved 15 August 2022, from https://farrow.com/resources/what-is-freight-forwarding/
(8) FCL vs LCL – What is the meaning of these shipping terms? (2020) Retrieved
20 May 2020, from: https://blog.shipsta.com/en/blog/fcl-lcl-shipping