En17 Đất nước học bài 17

Môn Đất nước học giới thiệu khái quát về điều kiện tự nhiên, dân số, lịch sử, chế độ chính trị, văn hóa giáo dục, kinh tế, khoa học, kỹ thuật, phong tục tập quán, đời sống văn hóa của đất nước Trung Quốc. Thông qua các bài giảng giúp cho người học có kiến thức chung về đất nước, con người Trung Quốc, lịch sử văn hoá xã hội Trung Quốc Cổ đại, Cận đại và Đương đại. Môn học giúp người học có tiền đề để tiến hành tự nghiên cứu độc lập. Phương pháp giảng dạy chủ yếu của học phần này chủ yếu bao gồm thuyết trình, phương pháp làm việc nhóm, phương pháp dạy học tích cực, phương pháp đa giác quan, kết hợp giữa học tập trung tại trường và học trực tuyến. Sau khi học xong môn học, sinh viên có kỹ năng nghiên cứu, kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết, dịch nội dung học phần.

Australia is the 6th largest country in

the world in terms of area, it consists of

6 sates and 2 territories 7.6 million square kilometers The population density is sparse and the population is unevenly distributed 90% of the population lives on about 5% of the land area, which means that the remaining

95% of the land area is almost

uninhabited

Australia's terrain is divided into

regions with plateaus, volcanic peaks

and large depressions

The Western Highlands accounts for

60% of the territory, the climate is arid so it

is mainly desert rocks and sand dunes The

east consists of volcanic peaks interspersed

with plateaus, eroded folds and deep

depressions The East Coast is the only place that receives consistent rainfall

each year In the South, there are many mountain ranges over

1000m covered in snow all year round With such terrain,

people mainly concentrate on the East Coast Although the climate is harsh, it has brought Australia rich mineral resources such as diamonds, gold, iron,

coal, oil,

In addition, it also creates extremely interesting landscapes such as Coober Pedy underground town, Uluru rock mountain,

Blue Mountain,

Capital: Canberra

In 1770, Captain James Cook of the British Royal Navy discovered

Australia and named it New South Wales, belonging to the United

Kingdom History of Australia is mostly mentioned from here Tens of

years later, Australia attracted free immigrants, which helped develop

Australia's economy, but they drove away indigenous people and stole

land

The Australian Aborigines were the first people to settle in Australia But when the Europeans arrived, they did not see that Australia had any political management system, so they considered

this land their own

It was not until 1972, after many efforts by the government, that their

land rights were recognized

1891 Australian Labor Party comes to power 1899-1900, Australia

participated in the South African war

After a long period of stressful events, Australia today has a system of

government with a bicameral parliament based on the British

Westminster system Diverse and even development in all aspects has

made Australia a bright spot attracting settlers and investors around

the world.

1931, Australia declared independence from Britain

1939 World War II broke out Australia fought alongside the anti-fascist

allies in the European battlefield

H is

tory

1950-1953 participated in the Korean War 1964-1973 participated in the

Vietnam War

Australia's indigenous people possess the

oldest civilization on Earth

People Australia is a multi-ethnic country

this ethnic diversity has created a multicultural and multilingual

society.

Australia’s population is about

25 million people and is only 1/4 of

Vietnam’s population

Most of Australia’s populati0on

lives in major cities such as

Sydney, Melbourne, Bribane.,,,

The country welcomes

immigrants from all over the

would, contributing to its cultural

diversity English is the official

language of Australia and is widely

spoken, however there will be

people who speak two or more

languages due to their diverse

cultural sociable and they are famous for Australia are friendly and

their outdoor lifestyle Many people enjoy surfing, jogging, fishing, picnicking and even “ barbie “ ( outdoor grilling ).

Fun facts: The Aboriginal people of Australia have been living here for about 50.000 years.

Australia's education system is rated top in the world with long-standing, famous universities such as: University of Adelaide, University of Western Australia,

University of Melbourne, University of New South Wales, Macquarie University,

Australian National University, Queensland University of Technology, University of Sydney, University of Queensland, Monash University

1 - World-leading education quality: Australia is the country with the most advanced and developed education in Australia With rich study programs (vocational, academic, social studies), and especially

it only takes 3 years to complete social studies, 4

years to get an engineering degree

2 - Many talents are "born" from Australian education: Australia trains people with the best minds in the world, improving the lives of more than 1 billion people around the world every day The Australian Government also There is maximum support for

students studying abroad in this country

3 - Modern learning equipment: To serve students'

learning, the education system in Australia has invested

in the most modern equipment Australia established 63

collaborative research centers promoting collaborative

research between universities and private industry, 35

special research centers, and research and teaching

subject centers Invest $140 million to recruit world-class

researchers to Australia through federal scholarships

Stimulate research and stimulate scientific and

economic innovation in the next 5 years with an amount

of up to 2.9 billion USD, a not small number

4- Degrees are highly appreciated in many countries: The Australian education

system has degrees that are recognized and highly appreciated in many countries around the world, helping students after graduation have many expanded career

opportunities

Australians also value privacy when first communicating with strangers You also need to

be careful not to ask questions related to finances, marriage or age

Australia leaves an impression on visitors

with its extremely rich and diverse culinary

culture They like to eat natural foods such as

vegetables and fruits, meat of wild animals such

as Kangaroo, ostrich meat, fresh seafood, etc

They love to eat outdoors, so when the weather is

clear Picnics are crowded all over the park

lawns BBQ is an indispensable choice

Every year there are many new immigrants to Australia, many of whom are Europeans, so Australian cultural characteristics in art are deeply influenced by Europe In addition, the culture of Australia's indigenous people was formed a long time ago and is still maintained today such as the Ord Valley Festival, Dreaming festival,

Australian cultural characteristics when communicating

are very friendly and open That's why in Australian

culture, in everyday conversations, people always use slang

to describe the familiar relationship between two people

So right from the first meeting, they will smile and shake

your hand, say hello "G'day" or "G'day, mate", call you by

your first name instead of the formal way of calling you by

your last name like the other method West And because

they use a lot of slang, this is really a big barrier for

newcomers to live here

Australian cuisine is a unique combination of many different cultural influences, due to its diverse population and migration history Here are some characteristics

of Australian cuisine:

1 Barbecue (BBQ):

Barbecues, commonly known as BBQs, are a popular outdoor cooking method in Australia Australians often gather for barbecues, where they grill meats, sausages, and seafood This is a social activity enjoyed by families and

friends

2 Seafood:

Australia's extensive coastline contributes to a rich variety

of seafood Popular choices include barramundi, prawns

(shrimp), oysters, and fish like salmon

3 Pies and Sausage Rolls:

Pies and sausage rolls are an important part of Australian fast

food cuisine These cakes often contain meat filling and are very

popular at sporting events or picnics

4 Wine Australia is renowned for its wine production, with regions like Barossa Valley, Margaret River, and Hunter Valley producing high-quality wines Some famous Australian wine

brands include: Penfolds, Cape Barren, Jacob’s Creek, Bin,

5 Vegemite:

Vegemite is an iconic Australian spread made from yeast extract It is commonly spread on bread or crackers and is known for its salty and savory flavor Aussies often have

Vegemite as part of their breakfast

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Few people know that Australia is one of the world's leading producers of

quality textiles and garments Each year the export value of Australia's textile and

garment industry is up to 6.1 billion Australian dollars, mostly to world fashion

"kings" such as France, Italy and England

Fashion Fashion

The wool export industry also contributes significantly to the economy with

about 3 billion Australian dollars per year

Australian fashion style is significantly influenced by the warm climate,

extroverted lifestyle and multi-ethnic culture Although there are only 24 million

people, Australians "spend" about 28 million Australian dollars on fashion each

year, both domestically and internationally Typical brands include street style

brands Ksubi, Sass & Bide, Driza-Bone jackets, Akubra wide-brimmed hats, Ugg

boots, and Zimmermann swimwear

In addition, traditional Australian costumes are also a topic that receives the

attention of many people

In fact, Australia is a country without a national costume

Up to now, the most used traditional Australian costume is Dirndl for women This traditional Australian costume originated from southern Germany and Austria in the early years of the 19th century, quickly gaining the love of women

in the land of Kangaroos

Australian Dirndl costumes have a quite simple design, exuding gentle and delicate beauty, however, the price of this type of clothing is very high Because Dirndl is produced from natural silk, going through a careful selection process

Animals

and

nature

- Many of the world's strange animals and plants can only be found in Australia because they are located almost isolated from the world, and many animal species are

in huge numbers

- It is estimated that there are about 1 million camels in the desert, the largest

number on the planet

- There are about 150 million sheep

- Among the 25 most venomous snake species in the world, Australia has 21 species

- There is even the longest fence in the world formed over 5 years with a length of about 5,614 km, with the purpose of preventing packs of wild dogs from destroying crops

- Kangaroos are the symbol of Australia, it is estimated that in

2019 there are about 50 million kangaroos, double the population

of this country

- In terms of nature, nearly 20% of the land area is

desert located deep inland

- Australia is a country located in the middle of Oceania,

Australia is estimated to have about 10,000 beach, a coastline

of 50,000 km, it is estimated that if you go to a beach every

day, it will take about 27 years to go all the beaches are here

- Australia is the main energy supplier to Asian economies

- Nature gives Australia many resources but also takes away many things,

natural disasters and floods often occur It is estimated that in the past 10 years, Australia has lost an average of about 3.5 billion USD per year due to natural

disasters.