Information Technology Assignment 1 Unit Internet Of Things.pdf

Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate

Explore various forms of IoT functionality on electronic platform (P1)

"Internet of Things," abbreviated as "IoT," refers to actual objects that are connected to the internet and have the capacity to gather and share data Each person and thing in the Internet of Things (IoT) is given a unique identifier and is able to send and exchange information and data over a single network without the need for direct human contact IoT, in its simplest form, is a group of gadgets with the ability to interact with one another, the Internet, and the outside world.

The Internet of Things (IoT), the network of connected devices, emerged in 1982 with the concept of remotely monitoring a Coca-Cola vending machine Building on this idea, the IoT gained momentum in 2016 due to the convergence of technologies such as embedded systems, real-time data analytics, artificial intelligence, and wireless connectivity, solidifying it as a global trend in technology and innovation.

Connectivity is an important requirement of the IoT infrastructure Things of IoT should be connected to the IoT infrastructure Anyone, anywhere, anytime can connect, this should be guaranteed at all times For example, connection between people through internet devices like mobile phones ,and other gadgets, also connection between Internet devices such as routers, gateways, sensors, e7tc.[1]

The extraction of knowledge from the generated data is very important For example, a sensor generates data, but that data will only be useful if it is interpreted properly. Each IoT device has a unique identity This identification is helpful in tracking the equipment and at times for querying its status [1]

The number of elements connected to the IoT zone is increasing day by day. Hence, an IoT setup should be capable of handling the massive expansion The data generated as an outcome is enormous, and it should be handled appropriately [1]

Dynamic and Self-Adapting (Complexity)

IoT devices should dynamically adapt themselves to the changing contexts and scenarios Assume a camera meant for the surveillance It should be adaptable to work in different conditions and different light situations (morning, afternoon, night) [1]

IoT architecture cannot be homogeneous in nature It should be hybrid, supporting different manufacturers ‘ products to function in the IoT network IoT is not owned by any - one engineering branch IoT is a reality when multiple domains come together [1]

Data security poses a significant challenge in the connected world, where extensive device interconnectivity increases the vulnerability of personal information The sheer volume of devices employed further exacerbates this risk Moreover, IoT networks face potential threats, underlining the critical importance of ensuring equipment safety to safeguard sensitive user data.

Perfomed Student: HO TAN RIN 3

Provides large amounts of data

Businesses are able to gather and utilise the great majority of information thanks to the big data generated by IoT, which can then be used to optimize product processes.

By connecting machinery and sensors to the internet, remote production monitoring empowers manufacturers and suppliers to proactively identify potential issues before they escalate into major disruptions This data enables equipment to automatically optimize performance, prevent downtime, and streamline production processes Additionally, vendors can leverage data to expedite software updates that enhance device capabilities remotely, further enhancing overall efficiency.

Manufacturers can innovate business models by linking their products with complementary services like maintenance and data analysis This strategy enhances customer confidence during purchases, resulting in increased sales volume for businesses.

Businesses may make the most of information by using real business and opera- tional data to layout and build the next generation of high-quality and efficient goods, in line with trends and demands consumer usage needs.

With IoT, this is probably the most popular and effective application Designed to provide users with optimal safety and convenience Smart homes help you when returning to your own home is like entering a fresh, modern, sophisticated paradise in every detail. Smart home is a system that allows monitoring, monitoring, management and remote control via phone or tablet, so that users can control the desired status at any place and with all smart connected devices such as light bulbs, rolling doors, sprinkler pumps, curtains, etc.

A smart home system will help you and your family feel more comfortable, safe and convenient than ever Imagine controlling the lights of your home remotely to give the im - pression that you are actually on vacation in a 5-star resort.

Internet of things and their most important applications in infrastructure management, IoT can fully monitor and strictly control all infrastructure activities in urban and rural areas such as farms , train, road, wharf

The main purpose of IoT is to use tracking of any changes or events in the event that the structure can affect the level of safety and danger to the infrastructure under con- struction extremely effective

At the same time, IoT applications are used to plan for efficient repair and maintenance activities.

Application of Internet of things in traffic.

IoT products are used to support the integration of communications, precise control, and information processing with multiple transportation systems The application is also

Perfomed Student: HO TAN RIN 5 extended to most aspects of primarily road traffic, such as vehicles, facilities and infrastructure, along with driver use.

Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs avail-

Internet of Things (IoT) technology has many applications, and the usage of the In- ternet of Things is growing faster Depending on the different application areas of the Inter - net of Things, it will function as designed or developed, respectively But IoT does not have a standard-defined working architecture that is strictly followed around the world The ar - chitecture of IoT depends on its functionality and implementation in different domains. However, there is an underlying process upon which the IoT is built.

Therefore, Network Supermarket will discuss with you the basic foundational architecture of IoT IoT architecture has 4 phases.

Sensors, actuators, devices are included in this sensor class These sensors or actuators receive data (Physical/Environmental parameters), process the data, and transmit it over the network.[2]

Internet (network) gateways, data acquisition systems (DAS) appear in this layer. The DAS performs the function of data aggregation and conversion (Gathering data and aggregating data and then converting the sensor's analog data to digital data, ) Ad- vanced ports mainly open the connection between Sensor networks and the Internet also perform many basic functions, such as anti-malware protection and filtering of some deci - sion-making based on entered data and data management services [2]

Data Processing Layer (DATA PROCESSING LAYER)

This is the processing unit of the IoT ecosystem Here, data is analyzed and processed before being sent to the data center, where the data is accessed by software appli - cations commonly known as business applications This is where data is tracked and managed Other actions are also prepared in this class [2]

This is the final layer of the 4 phases of the IoT architecture Data center or cloud (Cloud) is the management stage where data is managed and used by end user applications such as agriculture, healthcare, aerospace, agriculture, international rooms and other applications [2]

Kaa IoT is one of the greatest and most comprehensive Open Source Internet of Things Cloud Platforms, allowing anyone to freely implement their intelligent product de- signs On this platform, it is manageable to have N interconnected devices that can communicate with one another You can offer real-time machine monitoring by setting up remote devices Kaa enables the IoT Cloud, information and visualisation systems, as well as other elements of IoT Ecosystems.

For commercial use, Cisco IoT Cloud Connect offers completely automated, highly secure connectivity The Cisco Kinetic IoT platform handles IoT data management in order to extract, transport, and compute data A secure IoT architecture from Cisco, which is renowned for its security services, guards IoT deployments against dangers.

Zetta is an open source platform built on Node.js for creating Internet of Things servers running on geographically distributed computers and the cloud Zetta combines REST APIs, WebSockets, and reactive programming - perfect for assembling multiple devices into data-intensive, real-time applications.

GE PREDIX, an open-source architecture, is anchored on the fundamental concept of Cloud Foundry This IoT framework, originally developed for GE's internal use, has gained widespread adoption as a leading IoT solution Its success stems from its open-source nature, making it accessible and customizable for various use cases.

Users may efficiently manage assets, maintain the security and real-time of linked devices, and make it simpler to gather, store, and retrieve enormous volumes of data thanks to the GE PREDIX open-source software.

Oracle stands out among leading IoT platforms due to its expertise in database management and business solutions It enables businesses to create applications in a flexible environment and manage massive data volumes in IoT networks Oracle's focus on security is crucial in protecting IoT devices from external threats, as centralized security is often insufficient for systems involving devices with varying security protocols.

The ThingSpeak framework enables users to analyse and visualise data in MAT- LAB Because this particular open-source IoT framework achieves this, the user is no longer required to buy a licence in order to perform such services.

Thanks to the ThingSpeak open source, it is now feasible to collect and store sen - sor data even in private channels This open-source technology also makes it easy to share sensor data across open channels.

1.2.3 Describe how Arduino/Raspberry Pi board and end device

The Raspberry Pi was developed by Eben Upton at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom with the aim of teaching and improving programming skills of students in developing countries While Arduino is a Microcontroller based development board, the Raspberry Pi is a Microprocessor (usually an ARM Cortex A Series) based board that acts as a computer.[3]

You can connect several peripherals like a Monitor (through HDMI or AV Port), Mouse and Keyboard (through USB), connect to internet (through Ethernet or Wi-Fi), add a Camera (through the dedicated Camera Interface), just like we do to our desktop computer [3] ince the entire Computer (the Processor, RAM, Storage, Graphics, Connectors,etc.) is sitting on a single Printed Circuit Board, the Raspberry Pi (and other similar boards) are called as Single Board Computers or SBC [3]

As Raspberry Pi is essentially a full computer, it can run an Operating System The Raspberry Pi Foundation, the organization which is responsible for designing and develop - ing Raspberry Pi SBC, also provides a Debian based Linux Distribution called the Rasp- berry Pi OS (previously known as the Raspbian OS) [3]

Another important thing about Raspberry Pi is, as it is a Linux based Computer, you can develop software using several Programming Languages like C, C++, Python, Java, HTML, etc [3]

Develop an IoT application using Arduino/Raspberry Pi of hardware, software, data, platforms and services

Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques

IoT systems share a common architecture: connected devices with sensors and actuators collect data, which is then filtered and pre-processed by gateways and IoT data collection systems Edge computing devices perform further data analysis, potentially leveraging machine learning and visualization Processed data is sent to data centers for storage, handling, and analysis, often leveraging cloud computing capabilities, to derive actionable insights.

Despite the fact that there are numerous ways to develop a whole IoT architecture from scratch, in this study I will design breaks it down into just 3 architectural building blocks:

- Sensing Layer: Devices interacting with the environment include sensors, actuators, and edge devices.

The Internet relies on networking, which occurs at the network layer This layer facilitates data packet exchange among diverse networks A crucial protocol in this context is Internet Protocol (IP), which complements other protocols involved in routing, auditing, and encryption.

- Application Layer: In the Open System Connectivity (OSI) concept, the Appli- cation Layer is the top layer This class offers a variety of data manipulation methods, making it possible for any sort of user to readily access the network.This layer also asks its lower tier, the presentation layer, to provide it with various kinds of information Direct communication between the application and the application layer interface is how popular web application services are delivered.

This layer serves as the application process's direct service provider and is con- ceptually the top level of an open system.

Another feature-rich open source IoT platform available under the Apache 2.0 licence is DeviceHive It is free to use and modify DeviceHive Platform offers deployment options for Docker and Kubernetes The Platform is available for download and usage with both public and private clouds It can also be scaled to transform a single virtual machine into an enterprise-class cluster.

Platform allows for seamless connectivity with devices and custom boards through REST API, WebSockets, or MQTT connections This versatility extends to even budget-friendly Wi-Fi enabled devices such as the ESP8266.

Open Source IoT DeviceHive Platform Features:

- Direct interaction with your preferred Alexa Dashboard visuals

- Run your own custom javascript code to alter DeviceHive's functionality.

- For both batch and real-time processing, the platform supports big data tools including ElasticSearch, Apache Spark, Cassandra, and Kafka.

- Utilize the REST API, WebSockets, or MQTT to connect any device.

- Spark Streaming and Apache Spark are supported by the platform.

- supports libraries created in a variety of programming languages, such as libraries for Android and Ios

- On your device data, the platform enables batch analytics and machine learning.

DeviceHive stands out because it offers fixed fee services in addition to being largely free to use and modify The platform's implementation is supported by knowledge- able consultants and developers.

DeviceHive provides reliable tools for setting up connections between IoT smart devices It closes the development gap for cloud, embedded, and mobile apps.

The primary objective of the open-source Arduino IDE is to write and compile code into Arduino modules or other modules.

It makes code compilation so simple that it can be finished by the average individ - ual without technical expertise.

It has versions for the MAC, Windows, and Linux operating systems and utilises the Java platform It includes tools that are necessary for editing, constructing, and trou- bleshooting code in the environment In this environment, both the C and C++ languages are supported.

Around 700 libraries were created and made accessible by Arduino Software, the project's publisher, and other Arduino users and are included in the Arduino IDE Without spending any money, we can use them for our own ideas.

The components of Arduino UNO board are shown below:

ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single chip Microcontroller of the ATmel family.

The processor's internal architecture includes an 8-bit code, integrating various components such as memory (SRAM, EEPROM, and Flash), an Analog to Digital Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines, registers, timer, and both external and internal interrupts The system also incorporates an oscillator.

ICSP pin - The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user to program using the firmware of the Arduino board [6]

Power LED Indicator- The ON status of LED shows the power is activated When the power is OFF, the LED will not light up [6]

Digital I/O pins- The digital pins have the value HIGH or LOW The pins numbered from D0 to D13 are digital pins [6]

TX and RX LED's- The successful flow of data is represented by the lighting of these LED's [6]

AREF- The Analog Reference (AREF) pin is used to feed a reference voltage to the

Arduino UNO board from the external power supply [6]

Reset button- It is used to add a Reset button to the connection [6]

USB- It allows the board to connect to the computer It is essential for the programming of the Arduino UNO board [6]

Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which makes the Arduino UNO a powerful board [6]

Voltage Regulator- The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to 5V [6] GND- Ground pins The ground pin acts as a pin with zero voltage [6]

Vin- It is the input voltage [6]

Analog Pins- The pins numbered from A0 to A5 are analog pins The function of

Analog pins is to read the analog sensor used in the connection It can also act as GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins [6]

Applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) can be utilised using open source software called Blynk The application provides remote hardware control in addition to displaying sensor data, saving data, conducting data transformations, and carrying out a number of other tasks.

Blynk presently supports iOS and Android as its two platforms Blynk can be found on Google Play and the App Store

There are three key components that make up the Blynk Platform:

- Blynk App: Project interfaces can be made using the Blynk application.

- Blynk Server, which is in charge of the hardware and two-way, reciprocal phone calls Blynk's server is accessible, but we can only access it using energy points.

- Blynk Library: A collection of well-liked platforms that facilitate hardware interaction with the server.

In my project the hardware devices that we will choose to create the product are:

Motion sensors, such as those used in smart home devices like smart bulbs, detect human presence or movement and trigger a device to respond accordingly These sensors are commonly incorporated into smart light bulbs, enabling automated light control based on occupancy The smart bulb's ability to power on and off based on motion helps conserve energy in smart home environments.

Both a transmitter and a receiver are present in active motion sensors By monitoring variations in the volume of sound or radiation returning to the receiver, this sort of sen - sor detects motion An electrical pulse is sent to the sensor's processing unit whenever an object disrupts or modifies the field of the sensor.

Active motion sensors are most frequently made with ultrasonic wave technology. Sensors using this technology will produce sound waves to find items Additionally, you might see other active sensors that employ radio wave or microwave technologies.

This kind of light bulb will be linked to mobile applications or automated systems in your house via Bluetooth or Wifi and devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc By using this connection, you may operate the various applications more comfortably and easily without having to go to the lamp or switch and alter the colour or brightness of the light.

The CP2102 charging IC, which is the newest and most reliable charging IC, is used in the ESP8266 CP2102 NodeMCU WiFi circuit The board has an intuitive design and is notably compatible with the Arduino IDE compiler for programming and loading code, making the usage and Programming applications on ESP8266 very simple The centre of the device, the Wifi SoC module ESP8266, is capable of self-recognition of drivers The board also features a well-liked 5V micro USB power supply port, making it simple to power and interact with the board via the UART port.

Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT(P4)

2.2.1 The importance of smart lighting system

Saving energy is now an important issue that needs constant discussion as it not only contributes to the sustainability, cleanliness and habitability of the planet's resources, but also reduces installation costs and maintenance activities,j protect the environment and reduce household spending In this project, I will perform "Turn on and off lights and adjust lights through smartphone devices" This is a very convenient job for users, highly applicable in life, especially in the era of industrialization.

In many instances, automated lighting adjustment reduces energy expenses by 50% to 70% There is no electricity use charge for solar lighting.

Monitoring and managing each light cluster or lamp in the system can save maintenance expenses by 50% to 80%. saving money on maintenance for intelligent lighting systems Even you have fully cut down on running personnel costs.

Dimming mode, which lowers light intensity, extends the lifespan of LED bulbs.

My project will save users from having to run to the switch of light bulbs or LEDs. Just have a smartphone in hand and connect to the home's intranet, we can open the application to control the light on and off Our project can also make it possible for fam- ilies to set the time the lights turn on and off through the timer mode That makes it possi - ble to set the time for the light system, a modern and smarter function than previous gen - erations of lights The third is that the project also allows us to control the RBG Led lights

Perfomed Student: HO TAN RIN 37 so that we can change the color of the lights according to our desired color, as well as turn it off if we don't want to use it anymore Finally, users can control the lights on and off through the google virtual assistant application The user just needs to say the commands set and the light will change state as the user wants Its benefit to users is that when users are busy with their hands, we can control it via voice.

2.2.3 How does the smart lighting system work?

A smart light links to a central controller wirelessly and takes commands from it. When learning how to set up smart lights, it is important to keep in mind this important link. The main controller could be a hub or a smart home software platform The majority of smart home hubs connect devices that are linked to the same Wi-Fi network Wi-Fi-capa - ble smart lights use wireless networks to connect to the internet.

Smart light bulbs may require a dedicated smart hub for wireless connectivity, which interfaces with the bulb and receives instructions from mobile devices Alternatively, hubless smart lights connect directly to Wi-Fi networks, allowing control via smartphones, tablets, or voice assistants These hubless lights communicate with the user through the internet, eliminating the need for an intermediary device.

Certain smart lights possess intrinsic intelligence, featuring sensors that detect environmental changes Motion and daylight sensors in smart lamps enable them to adjust lighting automatically, responding to movement and ambient light levels These lights function independently, without the need for wireless communication or internet connectivity, making them ideal for convenient and energy-efficient illumination.

2.2.4 Features of IoT solution that control each lamp:

Using wireless connectivity, you can manage and keep an eye on the lighting system and each light.

Direct control, scheduling, and light status management.

Software for controlling devices that is user-friendly and accessible across different platforms (cloud technology applications).

Diagram-based management software makes administration much more under- standable and simple.

Statistics on lamp failure, system failure, and uptime rates You can use the software's statistical data to better manage the operation and make the necessary adjust- ments to the current situation. the ability to expand integration with other smart city platforms like smart traffic, Solution benefits:

Implementing energy-efficient lighting solutions not only reduces electricity costs but also lowers operating expenses by eliminating labor costs associated with traditional lighting maintenance Furthermore, the extended lifespan of LED lamps results in cost savings on lamp replacements Moreover, businesses can reduce their initial investment expenses by minimizing the need for electrical cables and cabinets due to the lower power requirements of LED lighting.

Immediate light failure warning and isolation of each damaged lamp for repair via intelligent control and system monitoring from the centre

Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hard-

2.3.1 The impact of common IoT platform in software development.

Software has long been linked to a state of crisis due to its success rate The Internet of Things, which refers to a proliferation of Internet-connected devices, has increased the complexity of software systems These systems' characteristics, such as their enormous scale and variety, provide an increasing number of new issues We will first give a brief overview of the IoT paradigm and the current state of software development in this post Then, after giving a brief review of the current methods and tools for planning, creating, and testing such systems, we go into the intricacies of developing software for IoT systems and systems of systems.

2.3.2 Impact and effectiveness in SDLC

Software systems are now much more complex than they were in the past over their whole lifetime.

They involve complex programming, hybrid development teams, and ongoing data gathering IoT technology have a lot to offer companies who produce software. Professionals that can keep up with the most recent advancements in IT will excel in their

Perfomed Student: HO TAN RIN 39 careers Learning how to master IoT software development requires a number of skills, including AI and machine learning.

Numerous devices, plug-and-play sensors, and external applications are supported by IoT systems These platforms offer the fundamental building blocks for creating and ad- ministering an IoT solution Software development and IoT solutions are interacting, and this pattern is anticipated to persist as low-code or no-code platforms grow more accommodating to businesses The Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted in a number of unanticipated yet wonderful changes in our daily lives The way individuals connect has significantly changed as a result of the Internet of Things Both hardware and software have benefited from technological advancements Successful software development is essential to many businesses.

IoT-based solutions are being used by more and more enterprises as digitization picks up speed For instance, security is a major concern that IoT may help to resolve A breach that allows an unauthorised person or group to access data and take control of a company's operations can have serious repercussions Aspects including security, integration, performance, and scalability can be designed, developed, and implemented using different IoT technologies.

It is clear that IoT devices require substantial coding, editing, and data management knowledge As a result, IoT entry-level development employment must be matched with developing web technologies Web developers will now need to increase their skills.

Many business applications, especially e-commerce apps and platforms, use pre- dictive analysis extensively.

IoT enables the development of intelligent and dynamic user interfaces at a time when user experience is crucial for any enterprise.

Software products using IoT platform technologies help them adhere to various security requirements Security feature enhancements Public anxiety over digital security is on the rise Modern IoT resources will need user identity, authentication, and access management systems.

IoT's growing complexity has driven innovation in software systems, empowering businesses to create sophisticated solutions By incorporating advanced features such as task sharing, project management, data management, and UI web design, IoT devices have become more versatile, allowing businesses to streamline workflows and enhance user experiences However, this complexity can occasionally impact development cycles, requiring a careful balance between innovation and efficiency.

Automated testing is critical in quality assurance, and IoT is assisting in the development of these testing automation solutions.

It is feasible to create software systems that can manage massive loads with the help of IoT technologies

After completing this Exercise with my own efforts and with the help of my mentor During the learning process, he was very dedicated to teaching and always answered my ques - tions With the knowledge that I have learned, I have presented very fully the questions that Assignment raised in brief, with clear and specific images Moreover, I am confident that I can self-study and can make the Internet of Things process for business.

We now know more about how we deliver IoT solutions to clients in the consumer, commercial, governmental, and defence sectors as a result of finishing this research We planned and created a new Internet of Things service, application, or product for a potential consumer as part of our profession We chose a target audience, tested our product on them, and incorporated their suggestions into subsequent incremental improvements We designed an Internet of Things application for a certain target end user and the tests we want to run on this individual.

The Internet of Things is fantastic! It helped me to comprehend how the gadgets we use every day operate This is fantastic and really fascinating I'm grateful, mentor!

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